CN1849641A - Electrophoretic display activation with blanking frames - Google Patents
Electrophoretic display activation with blanking frames Download PDFInfo
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- CN1849641A CN1849641A CN 200480025686 CN200480025686A CN1849641A CN 1849641 A CN1849641 A CN 1849641A CN 200480025686 CN200480025686 CN 200480025686 CN 200480025686 A CN200480025686 A CN 200480025686A CN 1849641 A CN1849641 A CN 1849641A
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Abstract
A system implements a method of activating an electrophoretic display (10). First, the system provides at least one image-dependent data frame (70) including pixel data (72) and a data frame time (74). Second, the system determines a blanking frame (80) including a blanking frame time (84) based on the data frame time. Third, the system addresses the electrophoretic display (10) based on the pixel data (72), the data frame time (74), and the blanking frame (80) to reduce vertical crosstalk.
Description
Present invention relates in general to electrophoretic display device (EPD), and relate in particular to the matrix of excitation electrophoretic display.
Electrophoretic display medium is to be used to adopt the form of visual literal or image to come the non-volatile systems of storing digital information.Electrophoretic display device (EPD) is characterised in that in the electric field that is applied moving of polarization or charged particle and can is bistable that display element has at the first and second different show states aspect the brightness of color or at least one optical property the darkness generally.In the electrophoretic display device (EPD) of development recently, micro encapsulation seal particle in electric ink show state and the state continuance that is driven occur after being driven into a state or another state by the electronic impulse of finite duration after driving voltage is removed.This display is when having the state stability of good brightness and contrast, wide visual angle, two or more states and the attribute of low-power consumption when comparing with LCD (LCD).The U.S. Patent number of announcing on May 23rd, 2,000 6 people such as Albert, 067, people's such as 185 " Process forCreating an Encapsulated Electrophoretic Display " and Albert the U.S. Patent number of announcing on January 25th, 2,000 6,017, among 584 " the Multi-Color Electrophoretic Displays and Materials for Making theSame " a kind of exemplary electrical phoretic display with micro-capsule has been described, described micro-capsule comprises fiber or gellike phase and liquid phase, perhaps comprises two or more immiscible fluids.
Electrophoretic display device (EPD) receives view data and can come addressing by the active matrix that driving is positioned at described display front side or rear side.Active Matrix Display has the inherent addressing pattern such as the stationary coordinate on the individual element grid so that write text and figure exactly.Exemplary electrophoresis showed parts are included in electrophoretic ink layer that a side has a transparent common electrode and have the substrate or the base plate of embarking on journey into the row arranged pixel electrodes.Being associated with the image pixel that between a pixel electrode and a common electrode part, forms in the intersection between the row and column.Pixel electrode is connected to transistor drain, and described transistorized source electrode and the electric coupling of row electrode and described transistorized grid are electrically connected to column electrode.The common active matrix that forms of this configuration of pixel electrode, transistor, column electrode and row electrode.Line driver provides row to select signal so that select pixel column via column electrode, and row driver provides data-signal via row electrode and transistor to selected pixel column.Data-signal on the row electrode is corresponding to wanting data presented, and is formed for the drive signal of the one or more pixels in the drive cataphoresis display together with row selection signal.
Generally including diameter at transparent common electrode and the electrophoretic ink between the pixel electrode (being also referred to as electric ink or e-ink) is about 10 to 50 microns a plurality of micro-capsules.In an example of black and white display, each micro-capsule is included in the white particles and the electronegative black particles of the positively charged that suspends in the fluid.When from transparent common electrode when pixel electrode applies positive electric field, electronegative black particles is shifted to described common electrode and is become darker for spectators' pixel.Simultaneously, the white particles of positively charged is shifted to the pixel electrode on the base plate, away from spectators' sight line.
Between pixel electrode and common electrode, apply the driving voltage set period, in the active matrix monochromatic electrophoretic display, produce gray level usually.For the distinctive active matrix electrophoretic display device (EPD) of current techniques, can use based on frame by frame width modulation and produce three voltage levels :-15 volts ,+15 volts and 0 volt.Limited the number of gray level and the precision of gray level, described gray level is generally defined as the product of driving voltage and frame time to frame refresh rate relatively slowly---such as for having 800 or the frame time of 20 milliseconds of the 600 row displays of multiple row more---.Change to black to white or white for black, be about 500 milliseconds relatively long switching time, needing nearly, 25 Frames switch ink.Because all frames all have the identical fixedly duration, so the driving of Electronphoretic display unit is inflexible.The number of gray-scale value is restricted, and the difference between two continuous gray-scale values is quite big.Because for electrophoretic display device (EPD), want higher frame rate so that increase grey level resolution, so advised being used to realize the method for higher frame rate.
The solution of a suggestion is to produce variable high frame rate by the variable row selection time with high clock rate combination.This is useful when using the identical frame period for whole drive waveforms.
The solution that is used to overcome another suggestion of limited grey level resolution is to comprise that row postpones variable frame time pattern.Row postpones variable frame time pattern and uses row to postpone to change frame time, for example for a specific frame when with when the frame time of preceding frame is compared, can have shorter frame time.Because with rate scanning first frame slower, so the pixel in going for first image duration first is kept their longer period of driving voltage than the pixel in last column than second frame.Therefore the pixel in last column can be converted to the gray level that is different from the pixel in first row, and this so-called vertical crosstalk---gradual change of gray level---is visible using row to postpone in the pattern-driven display of variable frame time.The U.S. Patent number 5 of authorizing as Strik on Dec 8th, 1998,847, described in 684 " the Display Device with Mirror-Symmetrical Pixels ", crosstalking in the various types of displays with liquid crystal, electrophoresis suspensioning liquid or electrochromic material all is a problem.
Preferably, the different frame periods can be used for the different part of waveform, thereby, and can use reset display and apply data pulse of long frame period with low-power consumption so that can use the short frame period that the influence of image history is minimized for the micro-capsule particle oscillation of short-term or preconditioning.
The high resolving power grayscale image of electrophoretic display device (EPD) needs a large amount of gray levels and high grade grey level precision, eliminates vertical crosstalk simultaneously.Therefore, need come the method and system of drive cataphoresis display with variable frame time, described variable frame time improves show uniformity and avoids the appearance of vertical crosstalk, and described method and system is that whole display produces the shortest possible update time, provide thus to have image the most accurate and most probable number MPN purpose gray level, consume minimal power simultaneously.In addition, the desirable method that is used for drive cataphoresis display need be efficiently aspect the number of needed frame also, so that limit total image update power, provides desired image homogeneity and resolution simultaneously.
A form of the present invention is the method that is used for electrophoretic display activation.At least one Frame that comprises pixel data and Frame time is provided.This Frame can comprise relevant with image or with the irrelevant information of image.Determine to comprise the blanking frames of blanking frames time based on the Frame time.Come addressed electrophoretic display so that reduce vertical crosstalk based on pixel data, Frame time and blanking frames.
Another form of the present invention is the system that is used for electrophoretic display activation, described system comprises the electrophoretic pixel array that is positioned on the base plate, be used for determining to have the device of blanking frames of blanking frames time and pixel data, Frame time and the blanking frames that is used for according to Frame comes the device of the described electrophoretic pixel array of addressing according to the Frame time of Frame.
Another form of the present invention is an electrophoretic display device (EPD), comprises the electrophoretic pixel array, line driver, row driver and the controller that are positioned on the base plate.Line driver is electrically connected to one group of row of electrophoretic pixel array.Row driver is electrically connected to one group of row of electrophoretic pixel array.Controller is electrically connected to described line driver and row driver.Controller is determined the blanking frames time according to the Frame time of at least one Frame, and according to pixel data, Frame time and the blanking frames time addressed row driver and the row driver of described Frame, so that at least one electrophoretic display in the excitation electrophoretic pixel array.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, according to the following detailed description of preferred embodiment, above-mentioned form of the present invention and other form, feature and advantage will become clearer.Detailed description and accompanying drawing only are explanation of the present invention rather than restriction, and scope of the present invention is defined by claims and equivalent thereof.
Illustrate each embodiment of the present invention by accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the illustrative cut-open view according to the electrophoretic display device (EPD) part of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram that is used for the system of electrophoretic display activation according to one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is that diagram is used to use the variable data frame time to come the sequential chart of the method for electrophoretic display activation;
The sequential chart of Fig. 4 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, the method for using the blanking frames between the adjacent data frames to come electrophoretic display activation;
The sequential chart of Fig. 5 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention, uses to have the method that the blanking frames that inserted between two adjacent data frames of different frame time comes electrophoretic display activation;
Fig. 6 is a drive waveforms of utilizing the blanking frames in the image relevant portion in the drive waveforms to come electrophoretic display activation according to one embodiment of the invention; With
Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram that is used for the method for electrophoretic display activation according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the illustrative cut-open view according to the part of the electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 of one embodiment of the invention.Electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 comprises the addressable array with electrophoretic display 22 or the electrophoretic pixel array 20 of matrix.
In the exemplary embodiment, electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 comprises one deck electrophoretic ink 24 that is positioned on the base plate 32.Electrophoretic ink 24 can comprise one of several commercially available electrophoretic inks, and described electrophoretic ink is commonly called electric ink or e-ink.Electrophoretic ink 24 comprises the thin electrocoating film that for example has millions of tiny micro-capsules, and the white particles of positively charged and electronegative black particles are suspended in the fluid of clarification in the capsule.Other variant is possible, and such as the black particles and the electronegative white particles of positively charged, perhaps the colored particle of a polarity and black or white particle be as opposite polarity, or colored particle in white fluid or the particle in gaseous fluid.
Can rotate on the desired direction or electrophoresis particle that translation is packaged by electric field is applied to.Electrophoresis particle is redirected or migration and can and allow the time of switching state switch to another optical states from an optical states according to the direction and the intensity of electric field along the field wire of applying electric field.For example, when a negative electric field was applied to display, white particles moved on to the top of micro-capsule, and they are to the user as seen there.This makes the surface present white at the tip position or the outside surface of micro-capsule.Simultaneously, electric field is moved black particles to the micro-capsule bottom, and described here black particles is hidden.When process was reversed, black particles appeared at the micro-capsule top, and this makes and surperficially must present dead color on the micro-capsule surface.When removing driving voltage, still image remains on the display surface.
Electrophoretic ink 24 can comprise coloured electrophoresis material array so that can produce and show, Huang pinkish red such as row and the coloured image of cyan electrophoresis material or a row red, green, blue and black electrophoresis material.As selection, electrophoretic display device (EPD) can comprise the color filter array such as the red, green and blue look that is positioned on the black and white electrophoretic display.The matrix of row and column makes each electrophoretic display 22 and switch to desired optical states by addressing respectively, such as the color of black, white, ash or other regulation.Each electrophoretic display 22 can comprise one or more micro-capsules, with the size of described micro-capsule and in each pixel element included area part relevant.
The transparent common electrode 26 that is positioned at electrophoretic ink 24 1 sides for example comprises the transparent conductive material such as the tin indium oxide, and it makes it possible to watch from above electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.Common electrode 26 needn't be by graphically.Electrophoretic ink 24 and common electrode 26 can use the protective clear layer 28 such as the tygon thin layer to cover.Can place stickum so that can bond on the base plate 32 at the opposite side of electrophoretic ink 24.Electrophoretic ink layer 24 can be glued together, adhere to or otherwise be invested on the base plate 32.Base plate 32 comprise mould, glass, pottery or metal backing layer, described backing layer has addressable pixel electrode array and supports electronic circuit.In alternative embodiment, pixel electrode can be arranged on the identical substrate with common electrode, can produce planar electric field whereby so that planar improved on the direction.
When electrophoretic ink layer 24 was attached to base plate 32, the single pixel electrode 36 on the base plate 32 can be positioned on one or more electrophoretic display 22 predetermined charge 34.The electric field that is produced by electric charge 34 cause electrophoretic ink 24 from an optical state transition to another optical states.Electric field produce redirect and/or the layer of mobile electrophoretic ink 24 in the power of charged particle, black and white or variable coloured demonstration are provided, can present literal, figure, image, photo and other view data on it.For example can realize the gray tone or the particular color of electrophoretic ink 24 by amplitude, level, position and the timing of control driving voltage and related electric charge 34.
By applying driving voltage, place the electric charge 34 of scheduled volume thereon and electrophoretic ink 24 is switched to desired optical states and realize address electrophoretic ink 24 to one or more pixel electrodes 36.Electric charge 34 applied and store on the pixel electrode 36 make and when remove driving voltage, still can continue to encourage electrophoretic ink 24, even if excitation is with the markers appearance slower than scanning process.The influence of the short-term storage of electric charge makes it possible to scan other pixel column on the pixel electrode 36, and image continues to form in ink.Removing the activation charge 34 that applied extinguishes or fixing electrophoretic ink 24 at the optical states that is obtained.
For example, can switch to black to electrophoretic ink 24 from white.In another example, the optical states of initial black is controllably switched to grey or white states.In another example, white optical state is switched to gray optical state.In another example, coloured electrophoretic ink comes to switch to another kind of color from a kind of color according to the driving voltage and the activation charge 34 that are applied to pixel electrode 36.After finishing addressing and switching, comprise that the electrophoretic display device (EPD) continuation of electrophoretic ink 24 is visual, and do not have extra power consumption.
The row and column driver address electrophoretic pixels 22 that for example can utilize the thin film transistor (TFT) array on the base plate 32 and be associated, described row and column driver places predetermined charge 34 the 36 last stipulated times of pixel electrode of electrophoretic display 22 so that arrive desired optical states, removes described electric charge then so that electrophoretic display 22 is remained in the state that is obtained.The electric field intensity of measuring and stride across electrophoretic display 22 by the control actuation duration can obtain intermediate grey values.When removing electric field, particle remains in the optical states that is obtained, even and remove power supply, the image that is written to electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 also keeps.
The parts of the electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 of various sizes or sheet (tile) can be assembled in together or be placed side by side, can be installed in panel for example or at the electrophoretic display device (EPD) of other big lip-deep almost required virtually any size so that form.Electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 can form on one side several centimetres and take advantage of one meter or bigger size up to one meter.Electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 with the driver electronics that is associated can be used for, for example, in monitor, laptop computer, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), mobile phone, e-book, electronic newspaper and the e-magazine.
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram that is used for the system 12 of electrophoretic display activation 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.Described system comprises electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10, controller 30, line driver 40 and the row driver 50 with electrophoretic pixel array 20, and described electrophoretic pixel array 20 comprises and is positioned at separately addressable electrophoretic display 22 on display panel or the base plate 32.Line driver 40 is electrically connected to the row 44 of electrophoretic pixel array 20 via column electrode 42.Row driver 50 is electrically connected to the row 54 of electrophoretic pixel array 20 via row electrode 52.Controller 30 is electrically connected to line driver 40 and row driver 50.Controller 30 sends command signal with address electrophoretic pixels 22 to line driver 40 and row driver 50.Storer can be coupled to controller 30 or be included in the described controller 30 with storage such as view data, with the irrelevant drive waveforms information of image, the item with image associated drives shape information, Frame time and slow-action frame information.
When by line driver 40 and row driver 50 address electrophoretic pixels 22, and common electrode 26 encourages electrophoretic display 22 by applying excitation potential and predetermined charge 34 being placed into electrophoretic display 22 1 sides when being biased in zero volt or another suitable electromotive force.The electrophoretic display 22 that has common electrode 26 on one side and have pixel electrode 36 on the opposite side forms the capacitor that can be charged or discharged to the level that requires.When charging, electrophoretic display 22 will be from an optical state transition to another optical states.Can add additional capacitor in parallel with each electrophoretic display 22 so that increase charge storage.In an example, line driver 40 and row driver 50 provide with controller 30 cooperations so that to selected electrophoretic display 22 have positive amplitude, the driving voltage of negative amplitude or zero amplitude, thus positive charge, negative charge or electric charge is not transferred on the pixel electrode that is associated.
The electrophoretic display 22 of electrophoretic pixel array 20 arranges that according to row-column format described row-column format allows select progressively row 44 successively, and is positioned on the row electrode 52 corresponding to the view data of each electrophoretic display 22 in the selected row.One side of each electrophoretic display 22 in the electrophoretic pixel array 20 is electrically connected to ground connection for example or with reference to 0 volt common electrode 26.Can be placed at predetermined charge 34 on the pixel electrode 36 on electrophoretic display 22 opposite sides so that electrophoretic display 22 is driven into desired optical states.For example, the positive charge 34 that is positioned on the electrophoretic display 22 makes pixel become white, and the negative charge 34 that is positioned on the electrophoretic display 22 makes described pixel deepening.The discharge of electric charge or removing otherwise make electrophoretic display be frozen in the optical states that is obtained.
Active switch element arrays such as thin film transistor (TFT) 38 can be positioned on the side of electrophoretic display 22 required electric charge 34.Line driver 40 is connected to the row 44 of electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 via column electrode 42.Each column electrode 42 is connected to the grid of delegation's thin film transistor (TFT) 38, makes when capable voltage being risen to the transistor 38 of forward voltage in can this row of conducting when above.Line driver 40 is sequentially selected column electrode 42, and row driver 50 provides data-signal to row electrode 52.Row driver 50 is connected to the row electrode 52 of electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.Each row electrode 52 is connected to the source electrode of a row thin film transistor (TFT) 38.The common active matrix that forms of this configuration of pixel, transistor 38 and row and row electrode.Line driver 40 is provided for selecting the selection signal of the row 44 of electrophoretic display 22, and row driver 50 provides data-signal via row electrode 52 and transistor 38 to the row 44 of selected electrophoretic display 22.
Preferably, controller 30 is at first handled input image information 14 and is produced data-signal and drive waveforms.Phase mutually synchronization between line driver 40 and the row driver 50 is via carrying out with being electrically connected of controller 30.Select one or more row 44 of pixel electrode 36 via transistor 38 from the selection signal of line driver 40, described transistorized drain electrode and pixel electrode 36 electric coupling, and described transistorized gate electrode and column electrode 42 electric coupling, and described transistorized source electrode and 52 electric coupling of row electrode.The data-signal at row electrode 52 places is sent to the pixel electrode 36 with the drain electrode coupling of the transistor 38 of conducting simultaneously.Data-signal and row selection signal form at least a portion of drive waveforms together.Data-signal is corresponding to wanting data presented, and together with selecting signal to be formed for driving the drive waveforms of the one or more electrophoretic display 22 in the electrophoretic pixel array 20.The generated time of drive waveforms represents wherein can write or refresh the image update cycle of new image.
The amplitude and the polarity of the electric charge 34 on each electrophoretic display 22 depend on the driving voltage that is applied to pixel electrode 36.In an example, can put on each to negative voltage, no-voltage or positive energize voltage and list, such as-15V, 0V and 15V.When selecting each row 44, can place electric charge 34 each pixel electrode 36 of described row or remove electric charge 34 according to column voltage from described each pixel electrode 36.For example, can place negative charge, positive charge or zero charge on the pixel electrode 36 of electrophoretic display 22 so that switch optical states in view of the above.When addressing next line 44, the electric charge 34 on the pixel of previous addressing continues to reside on the pixel electrode 36, up to being upgraded or otherwise discharge by drive waveforms subsequently.
Can continue a series of one or more Frames by on electrophoretic display 22, keeping predetermined charge 34, realize writing to the view data gray level of electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.Each Frame comprises the corresponding pixel address information of each row 44 in view data and the display.Utilize all row 44 time interval composition data frame time once in the display message sequential addressed display.For image duration to the signal that electrophoretic display 22 provides and image is irrelevant, controller 30 control row drivers 50 are so that all electrophoretic display 22 in the row 44 receive described and the irrelevant signal of image simultaneously.This carries out line by line, and controller 30 for example makes all crystals pipe 38 in the selected row enter conducting state according to selecting the mode of row to control line driver 40 one by one.In order to provide the signal relevant to electrophoretic display 22 with image in image duration, controller 30 control line drivers 40 are so that select each row successively, for example make all crystals pipe 38 in the selected row enter conducting state, controller 30 is also controlled row driver 50 so that the electrophoretic display 22 in each selected row 44 receives the described signal relevant with image simultaneously via the transistor 38 that is associated simultaneously.Controller 30 provides the line driver signal so that select particular row 44 and provide column driver signal so that desired voltage level and corresponding charge 34 put on each electrophoretic display 22 in the selected row 44 to row driver 50 to line driver 40.Controller 30 can provide the Frame that is suitable for electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 is reset to predetermined optical state.
Frame subsequently can comprise identical display message or have the update displayed information of additional pixel data.After electrophoretic display 22 has been reset to white or black optic state, under the situation that is applied to pixel electrode 36 of plus or minus electric charge 34, the grey level resolution of specific pixel determined by the number of the successive frame with identical content, such as, zero to 15 consecutive frames.Each frame has the equal Frame time, makes each pixel have 16 grades grey level resolution.In another example, utilize the change of the frame time of one or more consecutive frames to increase grey level resolution.In another example, inserting blanking frames by the appropriate location between frame in the frame time of adjusting one or more frames increases grey level resolution.In order to ensure between first row of electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 and last column, writing the consistance of image with variable frame time, can after one or more Frames, insert blanking frames and guarantee that the pixel in first row has and identical actuation duration of pixel in last column, so that reduce or minimum vertical crosstalk.Blanking frames can comprise zero pixel data (zero) or corresponding to the pixel data of the voltage below threshold voltage, electrophoresis particle setting in motion under described threshold voltage.
The input data that controller 30 is handled such as acceptable image information 14.Controller 30 detects the arrival of new image information 14 and begins to handle the image information 14 that is received in response.Processing image information 14 can comprise the image information 14 that loading is new, described new image information 14 is compared with the previous image information of being stored in the storer that is coupled to controller 30, visit comprises the storer of drive waveforms look-up table, or with plate on temperature sensor (not shown) interaction so that the switching time that compensation changes with temperature.It is ready and can address electrophoretic pixels array 20 that controller 30 detects the processing of image information 14 when.
Can receive and carry out microcode instruction such as the controller 30 of microprocessor, microcontroller, field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other digital device so that the desired image of addressing and being written on the electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.Controller 30 sends row selection signal and sends data-signal so that electrophoretic display activation 10 to row driver 50 to line driver 40.Controller 30 can be included in personal computer (PC), laptop computer, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), e-book or other digital device and be connected to electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.As selection, controller 30 is included in the electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 that invests base plate 32.
Controller 30 produces the data-signal that offers row driver 50, and produces the row selection signal that offers line driver 40.The data-signal that offers row driver 50 can comprise with the irrelevant part of image and with image relevant part.Drive waveforms comprise the signal that is applied to the some or all of electrophoretic display 22 in the electrophoretic pixel array 20 equally with the irrelevant part of image, such as reset pulse or preconditioning pulse.The image relevant portion of drive waveforms comprises image information and can be in or be not in variation between the single electrophoretic display 22.
With reference to the element that in Fig. 3,4 and 5, described in further detail, controller 30 at the image of drive waveforms relevant or with the irrelevant part of image during, determine blanking frames time 84 of blanking frames 80 according to the Frame time 74 of at least one Frame 70.Controller 30 comes addressed row driver 40 and row driver 50 based on the pixel data 72 of Frame 70, the Frame time 74 of Frame 70 and the blanking frames time 84 of blanking frames 80, with the one or more electrophoretic display 22 in the excitation electrophoretic pixel array 20.Can determine to comprise the content of the blanking frames 80 of blanking frames time 84 by controller 30 and the code that is associated based on the Frame time 74 of one or more Frames 70.Controller 30 provides at least one Frame 70 that comprises pixel data 72 and Frame time 74 to electrophoretic pixel array 20.Controller 30 can send the pixel data 72 of Frame 70 of serial or parallels and the Frame time 74 that is associated with each Frame 70 to line driver 40 and row driver 50, with excitation electrophoretic pixel array 20.Controller 30 can also send the blanking frames data 82 and the blanking frames time 84 of blanking frames 80 to electrophoretic pixel array 20 serial or parallels.
Can be from the parallel of digital computing system, video camera or other display message source or connected in seriesly provide image information 14 to controller 30.The video data that is provided can comprise the pixel data 72 and the Frame time 74 of each Frame 70.As selection, controller 30 can produce pixel data 72 and Frame time 74 for each Frame 70 after receiving the image information 14 that adopts any suitable display format.
Utilize higher clock speed, controller 30 can be adjusted the Frame time 74 of Frame 70 so that the grey level resolution of raising is provided.Can reset to predetermined optical state to electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 by addressing and each electrophoretic display 22 of switching in the electrophoretic pixel array 20, such as complete black, complete white or predetermined color or gray level.The image information 14 provide subsequently is provided, can and be written on the electrophoretic display 22 in the electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 by addressing and utilizes additional pixel data 72 to upgrade described electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.When electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 is not addressed or partly or entirely outage or when having a power failure, electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 keeps also showing the image that had before write of system 12.
In one embodiment, by being created in the drive waveforms that has blanking frames 80 between the Frame 70 with different pieces of information frame time 74, come to realize higher grey level resolution and reduce or eliminate vertical crosstalk for electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.Blanking frames 80 is parts of drive waveforms, wherein with respect to common electrode 26 one or more pixels 22 is driven into low-voltage or no-voltage.Blanking frames 80 allows variable frame rate according to the variable row selection time with high clock rate combination.Can increase the number of gray level and improve the precision of gray level, avoid simultaneously from first row of display being not intended to and wrong gray level classification of delegation to the end.
For consider in the display temperature variation and in order to relax switching time with variation of temperature, on the base plate 32 or near can comprise the temperature sensor (not shown).For example can come the compensation temperature effect by current operating temperature scaled data frame time 74 according to electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.
With reference to the previously described number elements of Fig. 1 and 2 Fig. 3 is described.Fig. 3 is that diagram is used to use the variable data frame time to come the sequential chart of the method for electrophoretic display activation.Adjust the Frame time 74 of one or more Frames 70 so that the grey level resolution of raising is provided.
By adjusting the Frame time 74 when the address electrophoretic pixels 22 and coming the electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 that drives as before illustrated with higher grey level resolution by the sequence of creating Frame 70 in Fig. 1 and 2, at least two data frame times 74 have the different Frame time in the sequence of described Frame 70.Increase the number of possible gray level, and can produce gray-scale value more accurately.The number of the clock period between the beginning of the beginning by adjusting row selection signal and next row selection signal for example, or adjust the Frame time 74 by the total system clock speed that adjustment is applied to line driver 40.
By adjacent data frames 70a, 70b and the represented a series of Frames 70 of 70c comprise with capable 44a, the 44b of electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 ... a group of pixel data 72a, 72b that each electrophoretic display 22 among the 44n is associated and 72c.Each Frame 70 comprises that respectively the tunable integers of being represented by 74a, 74b and 74c is according to frame time 74.As time passes, line by line pixel data 72 and Frame time 74 being applied to being associated in the display lists.In illustrated example, the Frame time 74a of Frame 70a is longer than the Frame time 74b of Frame 70b, and the Frame time 74b of described Frame 70b is longer than the Frame time 74c of Frame 70c.Therefore, the actuation duration of the electrophoretic display 22 of row among the 44n is less than the actuation duration of corresponding electrophoretic display 22 among the row 44a, causes non-linear in the response time between the first row 44a and last column 44n and other row therebetween.In order to compensate this influence and can to adjust frame time simultaneously, can between selected frame, insert blanking frames.Thereby, can avoid vertical crosstalk by the key component of blanking frames being introduced drive waveforms, for example after each Frame 70 or have between the Frame 70 of different pieces of information frame time 74 and introduce blanking frames, have a large amount of even display images of gray level accurately to provide.
The Fig. 4 that describes with reference to the element of Fig. 1 and 2 is the sequential chart that is used to illustrate according to the method for one embodiment of the invention, and the blanking frames 80 that this method utilization is inserted between adjacent data frames 70 comes electrophoretic display activation 10.By sequentially coming addressed electrophoretic display 10 with the blanking frames of determining 80 at each Frame 70 heel.The blanking frames 80 that order is followed has the blanking frames time 84 that equals in the Frame time 74 of preceding Frame.
In this example, follow respectively by blanking frames 80a, 80b and the represented blanking frames 80 of 80c and to have the pixel data 72a, the 72b that are associated and Frame 70a, 70b and the 70c of 72c, described pixel data 72a, 72b that is associated and 72c sequentially be applied to capable 44a, 44b ... 44n is so that be driven into desired optical states to each electrophoretic display 22 in the electrophoretic pixel array 20.Frame time 74b is shorter than Frame time 74a, and Frame time 74c is shorter than Frame time 74b.Yet equal Frame time 74a, 74b and 74c the preceding respectively by blanking frames time 84a, 84b and represented blanking frames time 84 of 84c.Blanking frames comprises null pixel data, and it does not change the optical states of respective pixel element, and each row 44a, 44b ... 44n has the actuation duration that equal being used to changes electrophoretic display 22.Therefore, the variation of Frame time 74 can not produce unevenness between the row 44 of electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.
The Fig. 5 that describes with reference to the element of Fig. 1 and 2 is the sequential chart according to the method for one embodiment of the invention, and this method is used having the blanking frames that is inserted between two adjacent data frames of different frame time and come electrophoretic display activation.Come addressed electrophoretic display 10 by after a plurality of adjacent Frames 70, sequentially inserting at least one blanking frames 80.
In the example shown, blanking frames 80 is followed by having the pixel data 72a, the 72b that are associated and Frame 70a, 70b and the represented Frame 70 of 70c of 72c, and wherein Frame 70a, 70b and 70c have equal Frame time 74a, 74b and 74c.The blanking frames time 84 of blanking frames 80 equates with Frame time 74a, 74b and 74c.Frame 70d subsequently and 70e with the pixel data 72d that is associated and 72e have short Frame time 74d and 74e respectively.Null pixel data insert make in the blanking frames 80 each row 44a, 44b ... even if the electrophoretic display among the 44n 22 also can be encouraged fully change 74 o'clock Frame time between Frame 70c and Frame 70d.
The Fig. 6 that describes referring to figs. 1 to 5 element is according to the drive waveforms 60 of one embodiment of the invention, and the blanking frames 80 in wherein relevant with the image part of this drive waveforms utilization comes electrophoretic display activation 10.The voltage at electrophoretic display 22 two ends in the drive waveforms 60 expression electrophoretic display device (EPD)s 10 is as the function of time t.Use is applied to electrophoretic display 22 to this waveform from the row selection signal of line driver 40 with via the data-signal that row driver 50 is provided.Drive waveforms 60 comprises the row drive signal that for example is used to provide preconditioning or oscillating impulse and row selection signal, one or more reset signal and the data-signal that is associated with each optical states and transformation thereof.Can introduce the image relevant portion of drive waveforms 60 or the part that has nothing to do with image to blanking frames 80.
For example, the electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 with four gray levels can have 16 different drive waveforms 60 of storing in the look-up table of storer, and described storer is electrically connected to controller 30 or its part.Four different drive waveforms 60 make initial black picture element switch to black, lead, light gray or white by initial black state optics.Four different drive waveforms 60 make initial lead pixel switch to black, lead, light gray or white from initial dark grey state optics.Other drive waveforms 60 makes light gray or white pixel can switch in four gray levels any one.In response to importing 16 image informations that received 14 via image, controller 30 is that one or more electrophoretic display 22 are selected corresponding driving waveform 60 from look-up table, and provides corresponding row selection signal and column data signal via line driver 40 and row driver 50 to the respective transistor 38 that is connected to respective pixel electrode 36.
For the optic response that reduces electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 dependence, can before reset signal or image-dependent signal, be applied to electrophoretic display 22 to the preconditioning signal to the pixel image history record.Pre-service can be switched electrophoretic display 22 quickly, and the transformation homogeneity between an optical states and another optical states is higher.During the preconditioning part 76 of drive waveforms 60, one or more electrophoretic display 22 that the ALT pulse of positive and negative voltage---is called as oscillating impulse---and is applied to display sometimes are in order to subsequently optical state transition.For example, one group of positive and negative voltage that replaces sequentially is applied to described pixel.These preconditioning signals can comprise the alternating voltage level is applied to electrophoretic display, it is enough to electrophoresis particle from discharging in the static state of one or two electrode, or summation is zero or too short and can not change the optical states of the current location or the described pixel of electrophoresis particle significantly.Owing to reduced the dependence to image history, pixel before had been that black, white or grey are irrelevant with described pixel to the optic response of new image data basically.Applying the preconditioning signal has reduced described dependence and can realize shorter switching time.
For example, during the initial part of drive waveforms 60, first framing that comprises the preconditioning signal pulse is offered pixel, each pulse has the duration in a frame period.With the order that replaces, first oscillating impulse has positive amplitude, and second oscillating impulse has negative amplitude, and the 3rd oscillating impulse has positive amplitude, finishes up to preconditioning part 76.As long as duration of these pulses is relatively short or apply described pulse with the positive and negative level of quick change, described pulse does not change by the shown gray value of pixel.
During the part 78 that resets of drive waveforms 60, electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 is reset to predetermined optical state, such as all black state, whole white state, gray-scale state or its combination.By the fixedly starting point for the definition of image coherent pulse such as black, white or intergrade, the reset pulse in the part that resets 78 is before the image coherent pulse, so that improve the optic response of electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.For example, select starting point according to previous image information or with the immediate gray level of new view data.In this case, reset signal is an image-dependent data signal.A framing that comprises one or more frame periods is provided, and it comprises the pixel data that is associated with the requirement optical states.Driving voltage can be applied and activation charge 34 is longer than required time,, described driving voltage and activation charge 34 can be removed then so that electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 parts of institute's addressing are fully switched to the initialization optical states.As selection, can be with the plus or minus voltage that is applied to common electrode 26 electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10 that resets, pixel electrode 36 is maintained at low-voltage or approaches earth potential simultaneously.
After applying the part 78 that resets of drive waveforms 60, electrophoretic display 22 presents to audience with predetermined optical state.After applying the part 78 that resets, can be applied to one or more electrophoretic display 22 to additional preconditioning part 76 in order to image being write or is updated to display.After utilizing before image related data comes addressed display, can adding additional preconditioning part 76 to the part 78 that resets, prepare pixel so that receive the image related frame data.
During the image relevant portion of drive waveforms 60, produce and provide and comprise one group of Frame that comprises one or more frame periods.Image-dependent signal for example has zero, one, two or nearly 15 frame periods or more duration, corresponding to 16 or more gray level.When pixel began with black optic state, the image-dependent signal of duration in zero frame period with null value data-signal or equivalence was corresponding with the pixel of continuation demonstration black.Under the situation of the pixel that shows particular gray level, when driving with the pulse of duration with zero frame period or pulse train with zero amplitude, gray level remains unchanged.Image-dependent signal with the duration in 15 frame periods comprise 15 subsequently pulse and for example corresponding to the pixel of display white.Image-dependent signal with the duration in one to 14 frame period comprise one to 14 subsequently pulse and for example corresponding to the pixel that shows one of limited gray-scale value between the black and white.
At one or more Frames 70, use is converted and is applied to as pixel data the image information of each pixel in the display, upgrade electrophoretic display device (EPD) line by line, described one or more Frames 70 are represented as Frame 70a, 70b and the 70c that the back is blanking frames 80d; The back is Frame 70e, 70f and the 70g of the second blanking frames 80h; And Frame 70i subsequently.Can adjust the Frame time 74 that is associated with Frame 70 so that the grey level resolution of raising is provided.Controller 30 can be adjusted the Frame time 74 of any frame in the drive waveforms 60 so that improve grey level resolution or reach specific gray level, such as by reducing that row selection signal begins and the number of the clock period of next row selection signal between beginning.
Can utilize with the additional pixel data that provides with after-applied drive waveforms 60 and upgrade electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10.For example, in order to upgrade the electrophoretic display 22 in the electrophoretic display device (EPD) 10, sequentially apply row selection signal to each row 44 of display, and the frame data 72 that are used for each row electrophoretic display 22 are applied to the row that are connected to pixel electrode 36.Positive charge, negative charge or electric charge is not transferred on the pixel electrode 36, and electrophoretic display 22 is in view of the above with dark state, brighter state or do not change and respond according to frame data.
For electrophoretic display activation 10, controller 30 can computer program be converted to image information a series of drive waveforms 60 and come addressed display in view of the above.Computer program comprises computer program code, is used for: receive image information; At least one Frame that comprises pixel data and Frame time is provided; Determine to comprise the blanking frames of blanking frames time according to the described Frame time; And come addressed electrophoretic display according to described pixel data, Frame time and blanking frames.Computer program can also comprise computer program code, is used to adjust the Frame time of Frame so that the grey level resolution of raising is provided and reduces vertical crosstalk; Be used for electrophoretic display device (EPD) is reset to predetermined optical state; Be used to utilize additional data frames to upgrade electrophoretic display device (EPD); And be used to make electrophoretic display device (EPD) to have a power failure or otherwise outage, keep being written to the image of described electrophoretic display device (EPD) simultaneously.
Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram that is used for the method for electrophoretic display activation according to one embodiment of the invention.These motivational techniques comprise and are used to encourage and upgrade the electrophoretic display device (EPD) with active matrix so that reduce or the step of minimum vertical crosstalk.
Receive image information and at least one Frame that comprises pixel data and Frame time is provided, as seen at frame 100.Can be by memory storage such as memory stick, the up-link of PC, laptop computer or PDA provides view data to controller, and described PC, laptop computer or PDA optionally are connected to electrophoretic display device (EPD).Can receive image information from any suitable source via wired or wireless link such as video channel, image server or storage file.Controller can be connected to such as the communication network of Local Area Network, wide area network (WAN) or the Internet so that receive concurrent carry information and excitation and transmitted image to electrophoretic display device (EPD).Can when image is write electrophoretic display device (EPD), provide image information in real time, perhaps it is stored in the storer up to writing.When receiving image information, image data processing comes addressing and electrophoretic display activation to produce drive waveforms, and described drive waveforms comprises one or more Frames and the one or more blanking frames with pixel data and Frame time.The Frame that is provided can comprise image-dependent data frame or image-dependent data frame or its combination.
Electrophoretic display device (EPD) can and reset to predetermined optical state by preconditioning, seen at frame 102.Before writing image, the electrophoretic ink of display material can be reset to state clearly.The electric field that passes through to be applied can force electrophoretic ink to arrive initialization or reset optical state, for example continues to apply higher relatively driving voltage to electrophoretic display via pixel electrode or common electrode simultaneously.When electrophoretic display device (EPD) was reset, one or more pixels were reset to predetermined optical state.
For example according to the type of electrophoretic ink and the driving voltage that is applied, electrophoretic ink is reset to complete white, complete black, grey or coloured optical states.For example the electrophoresis particle in the electrophoretic ink is switched to init state,, realize the initialization of electrophoretic ink simultaneously transparent common electrode setting or remain on appointment electromotive force such as earth potential by applying positive supply voltage.According to this initialization or reset optical state, can adjust to electrophoretic ink on one or another common direction according to the driving force that is applied to electrophoretic display.Electrophoretic display device (EPD) can be stored in and reach the uncertain period in the init state, perhaps is written at once.
Before the display that resets, can come the described display of preconditioning by applying one or more vibrations or preconditioning pulse.Oscillating impulse is applied to electrophoretic display comes the described electrophoretic display of preconditioning, so that receive data-signal or switch to reset mode.For example come the preconditioning electrophoretic ink by the pixel electrode that the alternation driving voltage is applied in the display.Before writing display, by applying the additional oscillating impulse described display of preconditioning once more.
Can adjust one or more Frame times and determine to comprise that according to the described Frame time blanking frames time is to reduce or the blanking frames of minimum vertical crosstalk, seen at frame 104.In order to realize desired gray level and to improve grey level resolution, can be adjusted to the Frame time longer or shorter.When adjusting Frame during the time, can between Frame, insert blanking frames with different pieces of information frame time.The blanking frames time of the blanking frames that is inserted is set to equal the Frame time of Frame formerly.As selection, can sequentially apply a plurality of Frames with identical data frame time, the back is the blanking frames with same period.As selection, can be placed on blanking frames after each Frame, described blanking frames has and just equals the blanking frames time of Frame the preceding.
Come addressed electrophoretic display according to pixel data, Frame time and blanking frames, as seen at frame 106.When image will be sent to electrophoretic display device (EPD), driving voltage is applied to one or more electrophoretic display and predetermined charge is placed on the corresponding pixel electrode.Select driving voltage so that selected electrophoretic display device (EPD) part is switched to desired optical states from reset mode or previous optical states.When electric charge was placed on the pixel electrode, electrophoretic ink was energized and switches to desired optical states.When the pixel that strides across electrophoretic display device (EPD) was placed predetermined charge, as long as apply driving voltage or the electric charge that is applied is remained on the pixel electrode, electrophoretic ink will continue to be converted to the show state of being planned so.According to number, length and the content of Frame, the electrophoretic ink time enough is provided in case in specified pixel switch optical states.Remove activation charge and driving voltage by the pixel from display, can lock or freeze the optical states of required electrophoretic display device (EPD).
For example by sequentially coming addressed electrophoretic display with the blanking frames of determining at each Frame heel.The blanking frames that order is followed has the blanking frames time that is substantially equal in the Frame time 74 of preceding Frame.As selection, can be by inserting the blanking frames of determining and come addressed electrophoretic display having between two adjacent data frames of different frame time, wherein said blanking frames has the blanking frames time of the Frame time that equals previous frame.As selection, can come addressed electrophoretic display by after a plurality of adjacent Frames 70, sequentially inserting at least one blanking frames 80.This blanking frames can comprise such as the driving voltage of the volt that equals zero or less than the null pixel data of the driving voltage of excitation threshold, electrophoresis particle setting in motion under described excitation threshold.In drive waveforms, can insert the blanking frames one or many.Frame and can be placed in after at least one oscillating impulse in the preconditioning part of drive waveforms based on the blanking frames of described Frame or after the one or more reset pulses in the part that resets of drive waveforms.The look-up table selective extraction that can produce or be stored from storer comprises the drive waveforms of one or more Frames, and provides it to electrophoretic display device (EPD).
After required image being write electrophoretic display device (EPD), can watch described image.After writing previous image less than one second, somewhat, in several hours, several days, a few week even the some months, can come further to refresh or write new image as requested.
Can utilize additional pixel data to upgrade electrophoretic display device (EPD), as seen at frame 108.Can receive new view data, and upgrade electrophoretic display device (EPD) by repeating above step in view of the above.As selection, display can require to refresh, and can be previous image data transmission to described display.
Do not refresh or during update image when requiring, can make down circuitry or close, electrophoretic display device (EPD) is had a power failure or otherwise be in power-down mode, as seen at frame 110.When having a power failure or cut off the power supply, electrophoretic display device (EPD) keeps before being written to the image of display, unless rewrite with black, white or other predetermined screen image.
Though the present embodiment of the invention disclosed herein is considered to preferably, under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various changes and modification.For example, the thickness of the color of the size of the number of the order of the length of the polarity of preconditioning and resetting voltage, frame time, drive waveforms and included part thereof, gray level, pixel element and number, electric ink and each layer is selected as illustrative and directiveness.Not breaking away under the situation of the spirit and scope of the present invention that require, according to shown content can the slight modification driving voltage, sequential, the color of electrophoretic ink, ratio and relative thickness, pixel size, array size and other material and the quantity of included layer.In accessory claim, shown scope of the present invention, and all variations are included in wherein in the meaning of its equivalent and scope.
Claims (19)
1. method that is used for electrophoretic display activation (10), described method comprises:
At least one Frame (70) is provided, and this Frame comprises pixel data (72) and Frame time (74);
Determine to comprise the blanking frames (80) of blanking frames time (84) according to the described Frame time; And
Come the described electrophoretic display device (EPD) of addressing according to described pixel data, Frame time and blanking frames,
Wherein said blanking frames reduces vertical crosstalk.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein the Frame that is provided comprises the Frame relevant with image.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein the blanking frames time of determined blanking frames is substantially equal to the Frame time at preceding Frame.
4. the method for claim 1 is wherein by sequentially coming the described electrophoretic display device (EPD) of addressing at each Frame heel with determined blanking frames.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the blanking frames of following in proper order has the blanking frames time that is substantially equal in the Frame time of preceding Frame.
6. the method for claim 1 is wherein by inserting determined blanking frames and come the described electrophoretic display device (EPD) of addressing having between two adjacent data frames of different frame time.
7. the method for claim 1 is wherein come addressed electrophoretic display by sequentially insert at least one blanking frames after a plurality of adjacent Frames.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein said blanking frames comprises null pixel data.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said null pixel data comprises the driving voltage less than excitation threshold.
10. the method for claim 1 is wherein inserted described blanking frames once at least in drive waveforms (60).
11. the method for claim 1, wherein said Frame and being arranged in based on the blanking frames of described Frame after at least one oscillating impulse of preconditioning part (76) of drive waveforms (60).
12. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Adjust the Frame time of described Frame so that the grey level resolution of raising is provided.
13. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Described electrophoretic display device (EPD) is reset to predetermined optical state.
14. a system (12) that is used for electrophoretic display activation (10), this system comprises:
Be positioned at the electrophoretic pixel array (20) on the base plate (32);
Be used for determining to comprise the device of the blanking frames (80) of blanking frames time (84) according to the Frame time (74) of Frame (70); With
The pixel data (72), Frame time and the blanking frames that are used for according to described Frame come the device of the described electrophoretic pixel array of addressing.
15. system as claimed in claim 14 also comprises:
Be used to provide the device of at least one Frame, this Frame comprises pixel data and Frame time.
16. system as claimed in claim 14 also comprises: be used to adjust the Frame time of described Frame so that the device of the grey level resolution of raising is provided.
17. system as claimed in claim 14 also comprises:
Be used for described electrophoretic display device (EPD) is reset to the device of predetermined optical state.
18. an electrophoretic display device (EPD) (10) comprising:
Be positioned at the electrophoretic pixel array (20) on the base plate (32);
Line driver (40) is electrically connected to one group of row (44) of described electrophoretic pixel array;
Row driver (50) is electrically connected to one group of row (54) of described electrophoretic pixel array; With
Controller (30) is electrically connected to described line driver and row driver;
Wherein said controller determines to comprise the blanking frames (80) of blanking frames time (84) according to the Frame time (74) of at least one Frame (70); And
Wherein said controller is according to pixel data (72), Frame time and the blanking frames time addressed row driver and the row driver of described Frame, with at least one electrophoretic display (22) in the excitation electrophoretic pixel array.
19. electrophoretic display device (EPD) as claimed in claim 19 wherein by when coming the described electrophoretic display of addressing by described line driver and row driver, encourages described electrophoretic display by predetermined charge (34) is placed on the pixel electrode (36).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US50119503P | 2003-09-08 | 2003-09-08 | |
| US60/501,195 | 2003-09-08 | ||
| US60/571,128 | 2004-05-14 |
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| CN1849641A true CN1849641A (en) | 2006-10-18 |
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| CN 200480025686 Pending CN1849641A (en) | 2003-09-08 | 2004-08-30 | Electrophoretic display activation with blanking frames |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105957476A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-21 | 福州瑞芯微电子股份有限公司 | E-book display screen drive method and E-book |
| CN117851293A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | 北京象帝先计算技术有限公司 | Address translation module, display controller, processing system, electronic component, electronic device and page table prefetching method |
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2004
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105957476A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-21 | 福州瑞芯微电子股份有限公司 | E-book display screen drive method and E-book |
| CN117851293A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | 北京象帝先计算技术有限公司 | Address translation module, display controller, processing system, electronic component, electronic device and page table prefetching method |
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