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CN1722283B - 转换信息字为被调制信号的方法、编码设备、记录载体、译码设备 - Google Patents

转换信息字为被调制信号的方法、编码设备、记录载体、译码设备 Download PDF

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CN1722283B
CN1722283B CN2003101026532A CN200310102653A CN1722283B CN 1722283 B CN1722283 B CN 1722283B CN 2003101026532 A CN2003101026532 A CN 2003101026532A CN 200310102653 A CN200310102653 A CN 200310102653A CN 1722283 B CN1722283 B CN 1722283B
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K·A·肖汉默因明克
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Abstract

本发明涉及转换m-bit信息字(1)到被调制信号(7)的方法。对序列的每个信息字，传递n-bit的码字(4)。将被传递的码字(4)转换成被调制信号(7)。码字(4)在第一类型的至少一个组(G11，G12)和第二类型的至少一个组(G2)上分布。相关组建立第一类编码状态(S1，S4)。当传递属于第二类型组(G2)的每个码字时，由属于被传递码字的信息字所确定的第二类编码状态(S2；S3)被建立。当码字(4)之一被指派给接收到的信息字(1)时，这个码字是从取决于编码状态(S1、S2、S3、S4)的码字集(V1、V2、V3、V4)中选择。属于第二类编码状态(S1，S2)的码字集(V，V3)是反意集。此外还公开了记录设备编码设备、译码设备、和记录载体。

Description

转换信息字为被调制信号的方法、编码设备、记录载体、译码设备
技术领域
本发明涉及转换m-bit(比特)信息字序列成为被调制信号的方法，这里m为一整数。在此方法中对每个接收到的信息字传递一个n-bit的码字，这里n是超过m的整数，并且传递的码字被转换成被调制信号，同时其中信息字序列是根据转换规则转换成码字序列，使得对应的被调制信号满足预定的标准。
本发明还涉及制造记录载体的方法，在按照所述方法获得的载体上记录了信号。
本发明还涉及用于实现如权利要求的方法的编码设备，该设备包括用于转换m-bit信息字为n-bit码字的m比特到n比特转换器，以及用于转换n-bit码字到被调制信号的装置。
本发明还涉及记录设备，在其中使用了这种类型的编码设备。
本发明还涉及信号。
本发明还涉及记录载体，在该载体上记录此信号。
本发明还涉及用于转换此信号成为m-bit信息字序列的译码设备，此设备包括转换装置，它用于将信号转换为具有第一或第二逻辑值的比特的比特串，此比特串包含对应于信息信号部分的n-bit码字，此设备还包括用于将码字序列转换成信息字序列、同时将与码字有关的信息字指派给每个将被转换的码字的装置。
最后，本发明还涉及读出设备，在其中使用了这种类型的译码设备。
背景技术
此种方法，此种设备，此种记录载体和此种信号由K.A.SchouhamerImmink发表在《数字记录器的编码技术(Coding Techniques forDigital Recorders)》(ISBN 0-13-140047-9)一书中。在所述篇名中，描述了例如被称作EFM的调制系统，它用于在所谓的小型盘(Compact Discs)上记录信息。此EFM调制的信号通过转换8-bit信息字序列为14-bit码字序列而得到，三个合并比特(merging bits)被插入码字中。码字这样被选择，处在“1”比特之间的“0”比特最少个数是d(2)，最大个数是k(10)。这个限制称作dk-限制，通过模2求积操作，码字序列被转换成由具有高或低信号值的比特元形成的对应信号，在被调制信号中，“1”-比特代表从高到低信号值的改变或者相反。“0”-比特代表在两个比特元之间过渡时不出现信号值的改变。合并比特被这样选择，使得甚至在两个码字间的过渡区域中，dk-限制也能满足，而且在对应的信号中，所谓运行数字和(runningdigital sum)的值基本维持常数。在指定瞬间的运行数字和值被认为是具有高信号值的比特元数与具有低信号值的比特元数之差的平均值，是根据处在此瞬间之前的被调制信号计算出来的。基本上为常数的运行数字和值意味着信号的频谱未包含低频区域的频率成分。这种信号也称作无直流信号。当信号是从其上的记录道上记录有信号的记录载体中被读出时，信号中没有低频分量是很有好处的，因为此时不受被记录的信号影响的连续的跟踪控制成为可能。信息记录对增加记录载体上的信息密度具有恒定的需要。
对此问题可能的解决办法是降低被调制信号中每信息字的比特元数。然而，这时出现的问题是，作为降低每信息字的比特元数的结果，可表示信息字的唯一的比特组合个数将下降，由于这一点，对被调制信号可加以不太严格的限制，例如，关于被调制信号的低频含量的限制。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是给出一种用于降低每信息字的比特元数且又阻止减少唯一的比特组合个数的措施。
按照本发明的第一方面，此目的可用开头段落中说明的方法得以达到，其特征在于，码字至少在第一类型的一组和第二类型的一组上分布，同时，属于第一类型组的每个码字的传递建立了由相关组所决定的第一类编码状态，属于第二类型组的每个码字的传递建立了由相关于该传递的码字的信息字所决定的第二类编码状态。并且，当码字之一被指派给接收到的信息字时，此码字从一码字集中选择，它取决于前一个码字传递时建立的编码状态，而属于第二类编码状态的码字集不包含任何共同码字。
按照本发明的第二方面，一种编码设备，其特征在于，此设备包括：用于在转换器传递码字时建立编码状态的状态建立装置，此状态建立装置被安排成用于为每个属于第一类型的一个组的被传递的码字建立第一类编码状态，该第一类型的组的状态由相关的组确定，以及用于为每个属于第二类型的一个组的被传递的码字建立第二类编码状态，该第二类型的组的状态由与被传递的码字相关的信息字确定，还包括m比特到n比特转换器，它包含有选择码字的装置，用于从取决于编码状态的码字的选集中选择相应于信息字的码字，属于第二类编码状态的码字集不包含任何共同码字。
在按本发明的的方法和编码设备中，同一码字与来自码字的反意集(＝没有共同码字的集)的码字的组合建立了各种不同的唯一的比特组合，以致多于一个的信息字能用同一码字与相继的码字的组合唯一地表示。第二类型组中的码字，就此而论，后面总跟随着一码字，对于这一码字所属的集，它总能够明确地建立。于是，总有可能用来自每个反意集中的码字，以建立足够数量的唯一比特组合从而代表全部信息字。
于是，这些措施给出了用具有每个码字的相当少的比特数的码字来建立大量唯一的比特组合的可能性。在码字被选择为分布在各集和各组以使得唯一的比特组合的数量超过不同的信息字的数量的情况下，有可能使用余下的比特组合去影响被调制信号的预定特性。
另外也可能仅用与信息字相同数量的比特组合。此时余下的比特组合允许对码字要作出的特定的附加要求。
然而，对一个或多个集，最好从相关集中分配一码字对给多个信息字中的每一个，这样，转换时，根据指定的准则从这一对中选择任何一个可供使用的码字，以便影响被调制信号的指定特性。一种可实施的方法，其特征在于，信息字序列根据转换规则被转换成码字序列，从而使得相应的被调制信号呈现出在频谱的低频区基本上没有频率分量，并且其中的被调制信号中每个具有相同信号值的连续比特数最小为d+1和最大为k+1。对至少一定数量的信息字中的每一个信息字，码字集包含一个码字对，而当信息字被转换时，被调制信号的低频分量通过从码字对中所作的码字选择而被避免。
本实施例的优点在于，尽管每信息字的比特元数减少，出现在被调制信号中的低频分量能大大地避免。
另一实施例的特征在于，同步字(sync)被插入码字序列中，此同步字显现不能在码字形成的比特串中出现的比特图案，而且使用了具有不同比特图案的同步字，所使用的同步字取决于编码状态，在一同步字已被插入之后，为转换下一个信息字，一预定的编码状态被建立。同时，以一种属于第二类编码状态的码字集相互能区分的方式、根据预定比特位置处的比特逻辑值使这些同步字能相互区分。
本实施例的优点在于，当第二类型组的一个码字由一个同步字跟踪时，信息字由码字和同步字形成的比特组合而建立，类似于第二类型组的码字由一个码字跟踪的情况。
后面一个实施例还有这样的优点，每当同步字已被传递后编码状态就被建立，以使从同步字过渡到下一码字时，强加于比特串上的限制总能被满足。
由根据本发明的编码设备所得到的信号的优点在于能以特别简单的方式被译码。
所实现的译码设备的实施例的特征在于，转换装置被安排用于也根据比特串中位于相对于码字的预定位置的比特逻辑值而转换信息字。
附图说明
参考附图1到17，本发明将被进一步说明。其中：
图1显示一信息字序列，一对应的码字序列和一被调制信号；
图2和3显示确立了信息字和码字之间的关系的表；
图4显示了当信息字序列被转换为码字序列时的不同参数的值；
图5a和5b显示了不同信号的频谱低频部分；
图6和8显示了编码设备的各个不同的实施例；
图7所示为图6的编码设备所使用的选择电路的实施例；
图9所示为适合的同步字的可能的比特图案；
图10显示了图6的编码设备为插入同步字的适应性改动；
图11显示了一译码设备；
图12显示了一记录载体；
图13所示为图12的记录载体局部的高倍放大图；
图14显示了记录设备；
图15显示了读出设备；
图16所示为部分被调制信号和它对应的码字，以及
图17给出码字在组和集上分布的图示表示。
具体实施方式
图1显示了三个连贯的m-bit信息字，这里8-bit的信息字标记为1，三个信息字1分别具有字值“24”，“121”和“34”。此三个信息字1的序列被转换成三个连贯的n-bit码字，这里16-bit的码字标记为4。码字4形成具有逻辑“0”值比特和具有逻辑“1”值比特的比特串。信息字的转换是这样，在比特串中，位于二个具有逻辑“1”值之间的具有逻辑“0”值比特的最小数目为d，而最大数目是k，此处d等于2而k等于10。这种比特串通常标记为带有dk-限制的RLL串(RLL＝运行长度限制(Run Length Limited))。码字的各个比特进一步被标记为x1，...，x16，这里x1表示码字的第一比特(从左算起)而x16表示码字的最后一比特。
由码字4形成的比特串通过模2求积操作被转换为被调制信号7。此被调制信号包括代表码字4的三个信息信号8。信息信号部分包括比特元11，它可能具有高信号值H或低信号值L。每信息信号部分的比特元数等于相关码字的比特数。具有逻辑“1”值的每个码字比特表示在被调制信号7中从具有高信号值的比特元向具有低信号值的比特元转变，或者相反。具有逻辑“0”值的每个码字比特表示在被调制信号7中比特元转变时没有信号值的改变。
另外，被调制信号7的频谱要求基本上不包含低频分量。换句话说，被调制信号7是无直流的。
根据本发明的用以获得被调制信号的方法的实施例将在下面给予详细说明。
首先对于满足dk-限制的码字有一定要求。图17说明性地显示出在线框170所包围的区域中满足所述dk-限制的全部可能码字的集。码字被分为至少一个第一类型组和至少一个第二类型组。当码字从第一类型组之一被传递时，排它性地建立了取决于被传递码字所属的第一类型组的编码状态。当第一类型组的码字之一被传递时，建立了同时取决于第一类型组和由被传递码字代表的信息字的编码状态。在此说明的本实施例中第一类型的两组能被区分，即：包含以具有逻辑“0”值的a个比特结尾的码字的第一组G11，这里的a是等于0或1的整数；还有以具有逻辑“0”的b个比特结尾的码字的第二组G12，这里b是小于、等于9而大于、等于6的整数。
图17中属于G11组的码字被框在171中，属于G12组的码字被框在172中。
由第一类型第一组G11建立的编码状态今后被标记为S1，由第一类型第二组G12建立的编码状态今后被标记为S4。在此被说明的实施例只知道第二类型的一个组。这个组包含以具有逻辑“0”值的c个比特结尾的码字，这里c是大于、等于2而小于、等于5的整数。这个组今后被标记为组G2。图17中G2组的码字被框在173中，在此所描述的例子中，两种编码状态即S2和S3可由码字和相关信息字的组合来建立。
当信息字被转换为码字时，属于取决于编码状态的码字集的一个码字被分配给要被转换的信息字。属于编码状态S1，S2，S3和S4的码字集今后将分别标记为V1，V2，V3和V4。集V1，V2，V3和V4的码字被框在174，175，176和177中。在这些集中的码字被这样选择，从而，可由建立了编码状态的那一组中的一个码字、和由被该编码状态所确定的那个集中一个任意码字来构成的每个比特串，将满足dk-限制。在这样的情况，即：编码状态S4由前面传递的码字的传递而被建立、以及此编码状态表示前面的码字是以具有逻辑“0”值为大于或等于6而小于或等于9的比特串结尾的情况下，由编码状态S4确立的码字集V4仅允许包含以具有逻辑“0”值的最多为1比特开始的码字。为此，以更大量的具有逻辑“0”值的比特开始的码字，在前面传递的码字和要被传递的码字之间将有过渡的区域，在此区域中，连贯的具有逻辑“0”值的比特的数目将不总是小于、等于10，于是不满足dk-限制。由于同样的原因，集V1只包含以具有逻辑“0”值的比特个数大于、等于2及小于、等于9而开始的码字。
属于编码状态S2和S3的码字的集V2和集V3只包含以具有逻辑“0”值的比特个数大于、等于0及小于、等于5而开始的码字。满足此条件的码字分布在V2和V3两个集上，使得集V2和V3完全不包含任何共同码字。在下面，集V2和V3将被标记为反意集。码字在集V2和V3上的分布最好是这样，根据有限数量的P个比特的逻辑值，可以确定码字属于哪一个集。在上面所描述的例子中，比特组合x1.x13被用于此目的。集V2的码字根据比特组合x1.x13＝0.0而能被识别。然后集V3的码字则从组合x1.x3不等于0.0而能被识别。传递时建立编码状态S1(组G11)的码字、传递时建立编码状态S2或S3(组G2)的码字、和传递时建立编码状态S4(组G12)的码字之间的区别被得出。集V1包括组G11的138个码字、组G2的96个码字、和组G12的22个码字。显然，集V1中的不同码字的个数小于不同的8-bit信息字的个数。
由于组G2的码字总是跟随有集V2的码字或集V3的码字，此外，还由于根据跟随在G2组的一码字后的一码字有可能确定此码字属于哪个集，因而一跟随有V2集码字的G2组码字能从G2组同样码字中明确地区分开，除非由V3集的码字跟随。换言之，当码字被指定给一信息字时，G2组的每个码字可被使用两次。G2组的每个码字与V2集的任意码字构成唯一的比特组合，它是不能从由同样码字和同样V3集的任意码字所构成的比特组合中分开的。这意味着G11组的138个唯一的比特组合(码字)可被用于V1集，G12组的22个唯一的比特组合(码字)和G2组的2×96个唯一的比特组合(G2组的码字与随后的码字的结合)，总共得到352个有用的唯一的比特组合，以V2集，V3集和V4集的码字形成的唯一的比特组合数目分别为352，351和415。
图17以图解说明方式显示出属于G2组的码字178。这意味着下一个码字属于V2集或V3集。码字178和下一个码字于是能够不含糊地确定两个不同的信息字。在图17中，由V2集的码字(例如码字179)跟随的码字178所确定的信息字和由V3集码字(例如码字180)跟随的码字178所确定的信息字不同。码字179属于G11组，其结果是不管下一个将被编码的信息字，码字179总是由V1集的码字相跟随，使得码字179能确定不多于一个单个的信息字。码字180也是如此。信息字的转换按如下进行：
我们假定最后传递的码字是G2组的码字178，下一个码字则是属于V2集或者V3集，取决于要被转换的信息字。假定该信息字确定了码字179，这说明下一码字将属于V1集。V1集的哪一个码字被使用，由要被转换的信息字确定。在本例中这是码字181。码字181属于G12组，所以下一码字将属于V4集。这将是哪一个码字，则还将由要被转换的信息字确定。在本例中这是码字182。码字182属于G2组，这说明，根据对应于码字182的信息字，下一个码字来自V2集或者V3集。使用V2集或者V3集的哪个码字取决于要被转换的信息字。在本例中，码字182是由码字183跟随。码字183也属于G2组，所以，根据对应于码字183的信息字，下一码字将来自V2集或者V3集，在此集中哪一个码字被使用还是决定于将被转换的信息字。此时是码字184。按上面所说明的方式，信息字的任何随机序列能被唯一地转换成码字序列。
在前面已经解释了：可供使用的码字数目是靠将码字再分为第一和第二类型的组而得以扩展的，类型确定编码状态，这些编码状态本身建立一码字集，从中选择一码字用于下一信息字的转换。这样，在编码状态被第二类型组的码字所拟定的情况下，从中作出选择的码字集没有共同的码字则是必须的。结果，可以把一个码字集的同样码字分配给不同的信息字，只要适当地注意：跟随此同样码字的码字属于没有共同码字的不同集。对于本领域的技术人员来说，很显然，将所述的码字再分为集和组以便获得能分配给多于一个的信息字的码字的方法还能够应用于具有不同的任意个数比特的码字。各码字序列都不必满足具体的dk-限制。其它的限制是可能的，例如，正如在EP-A-0,319,101(PHN 12,339)中所描述的。
如在此之前所说明的，更大量的可供使用的唯一的比特组合的出现是基于这一事实，即多于一个的唯一的比特组合可用第二类型组(G2)的码字来建立。通常，码字再分成组和集将被这样选择以使可供使用的唯一的比特组合的数量大于不同的信息字数目。唯一的比特组合的这种剩余额提供了对转换施加额外限制的可能性。
一种可能性是仅利用与不同信息字一样多的可供使用的唯一的比特组合，在这种情况下，唯一的比特组合的剩余额允许对码字施加特定的附加限制。
然而，对于一个或多个集最好把由来自相关集的二个码字形成的码字对指派给多个信息字中的每一个，然后，按照某些转换准则，从码字对中选择任何可供使用的码字，以便影响被调制信号的指定特性。
一种很有吸引力的可能性是影响被调制信号中的低频分量。这种影响最好包括直流分量的最小化。这可通过确定在每个信息信号部分的末尾的数字和值以及当信息被转换时选择这种码字来实现，从而在每个信息部分末尾确定的数字和值将持续到某个参考值附近。这可通过向一些信息字分配能引起数字和值的不同改变的码字对而实施。优选地，每个码字对包含数字和值的改变对其具有相反符号的不多于两个的码字。在最后的信息信号部分的末尾，对于给定的信号电平，一旦码字已被传递，则码字可被选择成使其数字和值最接近于参考值。
另一种选择码字的可能性是这样选择码字，使对于在最后传递码字的末尾处的给定的信号电平，由相关码字造成的数字和值变化的符号将与码字传递前的数字和的值与参考值之间的差的符号相反。当从两个对数字和值具有相反影响的码字中作出选择是可能的时候，那么，对要被传递的码字的选择，就可根据在每个信息信号部分的末尾的信号值、以及与此末尾有关的数字和值和参考值之间的差值的符号而被简单地作出。
图2对每个V1，V2，V3和V4集以图解的方式显示出分配给每个可能的信息字的码字。在此图中，第一列(左边)示出全部可能的信息字的字值。第二，四，六和八列示出分别分配给集V1，V2，V3和V4的信息字的码字。第三，五，七和九列分别以参考数字1，2，3和4示出由相关码字确定的编码状态S1，S2，S3和S4。在图2中不多于256个可供使用的码字被用于集V1，V2，V3和V4中的每一集。类似于图2，图3显示了在用于88个信息字的图2的表中没有显示的码字集，对这88个信息字都被分配了一对两个码字。表示在图3的码字今后被标记为替换的码字。码字是这样分配给信息字的，以使由替换的码字造成的数字和值的改变与由图2的码字造成的数字和值的改变相反，图2的码字被分配给包括整个“0”到“87”的字值。
需要指出，图3的全部集相等地包含许多码字。显然，对于一位普通的技术人员都知道这并非必要的。同样可能的是这些集不一样大。
另外，可以看到，分配码字给信息字被选成这样，以使一方面，一个码字和下一个码字的x1与x13比特的组合，另一方面，信息字之间的关系是唯一的，因而译码可根据接收到的码字和下一码字的x1和x13比特被唯一地实现。对于码字的分配，这意味着如果一码字在不同的集中出现，那么这些相同的码字在不同集中代表同样的信息字。例如，具有字值“2”的信息字在图2所示的V0和V2集中由“0010000000100100”表示，而在V2和V3集中由“1000000000010010”代表。
没有必要去注意：不同集的码字代表同样的信息字，这是没有必要的。然而，这确实说明，在译码以重构原始信息字时，译码状态需要被恢复。
对于信息字序列到码字序列的转换，将参考图4作进一步地说明。
列IW显示了从顶到底连续的m-bit信息字序列的字值。对于其字值被包括于列IW中的每个信息字，显示了多个数据。列SW表示当码字被传递(该码字是由于先前的信息字的转换而得到的)时所拟定的编码状态。这个码字此后被称为先前的码字。SW列中的编码状态表示V1，V2，V3和V4码字集中的哪个集将被用于信息字的转换。列LB显示在信息信号末尾部分被调制信号的信号值，该部分对应于先前的信息字被转换时获得的码字。此信号值今后被称为运行信息信号值。在列DSV中显示了数字和值，它属于被调制信号的运行信号值，即运行被调制信号值(running modulated signal value)。
列CW显示根据图2和3的列分配给列IW的信息字的码字。在一对码字对被分配给一信息字的情况下，该对的二个码字被示出，即对应于图2的表的该对的上面的码字，及对应于图3的表的该对的下面的码字。列dDSV显示了由码字造成的数字和值的改变，假定运行被调制信号值具有“H”值。
列DSVN显示了对于相关码字的新数字和值，此时该值是对于相关码字被传递时的情况。列LBN通过逻辑“1”表示，属于码字的信息信号部分的开始和末尾部分处的信号值是不同的。逻辑“0”表示相关信息信号开始和末尾部分处的信号值是相同的。如果相关码字包含奇数个“1”比特，即对应于信息信号部分的奇数个信号电平改变，那么在信息信号部分的开始和末尾处的信号值是不同的。当码字中具有偶数个“1”比特时，在信息信号部分的开始和末尾处的信号值是同样的。在列SWN中，显示了在有关码字被传递的情况下将被建立的编码状态。
此处，列CS由星号“*”表示对于相关信息字哪个码字实际被传递。
示于列IW的码字序列的第一个(顶端)字具有字值为“2”。我们假定当信息字序列转换起始时编码状态(列SW)是S1，且被调制信号以信号电平H开始，以及数字和值DSV等于0。在此情况下，对于上码字，相关的DSVN值等于-6，而对于该对码字对的下码字，其DSVN值是+10。当应用了这样的准则，即其DSVN值最接近可能的0参考值的码字被传递时，对于具有“2”的字值的信息字，该字对的两个码字的上码字被传递。这意味着对下一信息字(字值“8”)编码状态变成S2。在对应于被传递的码字之信息信号部分的末尾处，信号值是L，因而在下一信息部分的开始处，信号值是L，如同在列LB中所显示的那样。对于属于具有字值为“8”的信息字的码字对的上码字，其dDSV值等于-6。这-6值适用于相关信息信号部分开始处的信号值是H的情况。既然在所示的情况下此信号值为L，由该码字造成的数字和值的改变不等于-6而是+6。这意味着DSVN变成等于0。对于该码字对的下码字DSVN等于-18。对于上码字，DSVN的值是最接近于0值，因而是上码字被传递。接着，具有字值为“100”的信息字将被转换。不多于一个的码字被分配给此信息字，因而对此信息字根据DSVN的选择是不可能的。类似于上面所说的方式，具有字值“230”，“0”，“61”和“255”的信息字被转换。每次进行被分配给码字对的一信息字的转换时，该特定的码字是从码字对中被选取，使其DSVN最接近0值。按此方式，被调制信号的直流电压电平基本上维持恒定电平，并且被调制信号的频谱将不会显现任何低频分量。虽然码字集不是对每个信息字都可提供的，但平均来说，对于全部待转换信息字的88/256，数字和值将仍然是可能起作用的。事实上这些看来足以使低频分量不出现在被调制信号中。在码字对中最好包括这种码字，它所造成的数字和值的改变为最大。一方面，其优点在于可使数字和值变到它的最大值。另一方面，这意味着对于不属于此码字对的码字所造成的数字和值的改变是相当小的，以及这种码字对数字和值的影响是相当小的。
图5a以图解方式显示了藉实施按本发明方法所获得的被调制信号频谱的低频部分。在图5b中，画出了EFM-被调制信号频谱的相应的低频部分。从图5a和5b可以看到，这两个信号的频谱基本上是相同的。EFM-被调制信号和藉实施根据本发明的方法所获得的被调制信号的dk-限制基本上也是相同的。在EFM-被调信号中每信息字的比特元数等于17，而在根据本发明的被调制信号中它等于16。这说明如果根据本发明的方法被实施，那么相对于EFM-被调信号可获得大约7％的信息密度的增加，而无须以增加低频成分为代价以及对dk-限制作让步。
图6显示了按照本发明能实现上述方法的编码设备140的实施例。此编码设备安排用来转换m-bit信息字1成为n-bit码字4，并且不同的编码状态数可由s个比特表示。编码设备包括转换器60，用于把(m+s+1)二进制输入信号转换为(n+s+t)二进制输出信号。从转换器的输入端，m个输入联到总线62以接收m-bit信息字。从转换器的输出端，n个输出联到总线62以传递n-bit码字。另外，s个输入联到s-bit的总线63以接收表示当前编码状态的状态字。状态字由缓冲存储器64(例如取s个触发器的形式)来传递。缓冲存储器64有联到总线58的s个输入端以用于接收要被存储在缓冲存储器中的状态字。为了传递要被存储在缓存中的状态字，使用了被连接到总线58的转换器60的s个输出端。
总线62被连接到并行-串行转换器66的并行输入端，该转换器将通过总线62接收到的码字4转换成串行的比特串，该比特串通过信号线67提供给调制器电路68，它将此比特串转换为被调制信号7，并通过信号线70被传递。调制器电路68可以是通常类型的，例如所谓的模2求积器。
除了码字和状态字外，转换器向总线75求得每个收到的信息字和状态字信息的组合，它表示：
-对于相关状态字，分配给相关信息字的是码字还是一对码字对；
-对于每个这样分配的码字，由此码字造成的数字和值的dDSV改变，在对应于此码字的信息信号部分的开始处的高信号值下这种改变是应该出现的；
-在码字中“1”比特的个数是奇数还是偶数。
为了把信息传输到选择电路76，总线75连接到选择电路76的输入端。
根据该信息，选择电路76传递一选择信号，周以指示：馈送给总线62的码字与所呈现的信息字的转换，是根据图2表中确立的关系、还是根据图3表中确立的关系而进行的。此选择信号通过信号线77加到转换器60。
转换器60可以包括一ROM存储器，其中，根据状态字和加到转换器输入端的信息字的组合所规定的地址，存储了图2和图3的表中所示的码字。根据检测信号，存储单元的地址以对应于图2所示的表的码字被选择，或者用对应于图3所示的表的码字来选择存储单元地址。
在图6所示实施例中，状态字存储在存储器60中。此外，也可能藉门电路从传递到总线62的码字中只得出状态字。
转换器可不包括ROM，而是包括由门电路构成的组合逻辑电路。装置中执行的操作同步以通常的方式用同步时钟信号可以实现，同步时钟信号可用通常的(未示出)时钟发生电路得到。图7显示了选择电路76的可能实施方案。形成总线75的信号线分成子总线80和子总线81。通过子总线80，传送对于图2所示表中码字的dDSV的值，该码字是根据接收的状态字和信息字的组合而被分配的。在图3所示的表包含对于有关的状态字和信息字的组合的码字的情况下，通过子总线81传送对于该表中的码字的dDSV的值。子总线80连接到算术电路82的第一输入端，算术电路82的第二输入端通过总线85接收存储在缓冲存储器83中的DSV值。还有，算术电路的控制输入端通过信号线84接收控制信号，该信号表示：在对应于相关码字的信息信号部分的开始处，信号值是具有高值H还是低值L。信号线84上的信号是借助于例如触发器获得的。触发器的状态一直与码字被传递时的状态相适应，这种适应性是根据信号所指示的被传递的码字中具有逻辑值“1”的比特数是奇数还是偶数而出现的。这个信号由转换器60传递，并在构成总线75的信号线中的一条线上被提供。算术电路82是通常类型之一，根据控制信号分别从或对DSV值(通过总线85所接收的)减去或加上dDSV值(通过总线80所接收的)。
选择电路76还包括算术电路86，它与算术电路82类似，根据信号线84的控制信号，把通过总线81接收的dDSV值加到通过总线85接收的DSV值上，或者从DSV减去dDSV。由算术电路82和86执行的运算结果，分别通过总线87和88提供给判决电路89和多路转接电路90。这些结果表示，如果一码字对已经被分配给当前的状态字，则新的数字和值改变DSVN，它将在码字对的两个不同的码字传递时被得到。判决电路89是通常的类型，根据通过总线87和88接收的DSVN值，它决定两个接收到的值中哪一个更接近参考值，而且此电路89根据该结果送出一个决定信号到信号线91。当从码字对的两个码字作出选择时，此决定信号指示两个码字的哪一个将被传递。此决定信号通过与门92加到信号线77上。在没有码字对而仅有一个码字是可供使用的情况下，信号线77上的信号指出，按照图2所示的表传递的信息字是要被转换的。为实现这一点，与门92的第二个输入提供有从总线75来的信号，该信号指示：对于呈现的状态字和信息字的组合，可供使用的是单个码字还是一个码字对。
信号线77也连接到多路转接电路90的控制输入端上。根据其控制输入端上的信号，多路转接电路90传递从总线87和88接收的DSVN值到属于传递码字的输出端。多路转接电路90的输出端耦合到缓冲存储器83。缓冲存储器的装载是以通常方式控制的，以便当选中的码字被传递时，由多路转接电路传递的DSVN值被存储到缓冲存储器83中。
在所述的编码设备的实施例中，一码字集对于呈现的信息字是可供使用的情况下，码字是从码字对中选择，当相关码字被传递时，此码字的数字和值最接近预定的参考值。另一种从码字对中选择码字的可能性，是选择这样的码字，即，由码字的传递造成的、其数字和值改变的符号，与在码字传递开始时的数字和值的符号相反。
图8所示是按照本发明的编码设备的实施例，其中码字是根据所述的准则选取的。编码设备再次安排用于转换m-bit信息字1成为n-bit码字4，而不同的编码状态数能够由s个比特表示。编码设备包括转换器50，用于将(m+s+1)二进制输入信号转换成(n+s)二进制输出信号。从转换器输入端，m个输入端被连接到用于接收m-bit的信息字的总线51。从转换器输出端，n个输出端被连接到用于传递n-bit码字的总线52。还有，s个输入端被连接到用于接收状态字的s-bit总线53，状态字表示瞬间的编码状态。状态字依靠例如由s个触发器组成的缓冲存储器而被传递。缓冲存储器54具有s个输入连接到总线以接收准备装载到缓冲存储器的状态字。为传递准备装载到缓冲存储器的状态字，转换器50的s个输出端被使用。
总线52连接到并/串转换器56的并行输入端，转换器56把通过总线52提供的码字转换成为要通过信号线57加到调制器电路58的比特串，调制器电路把此比特串转换成为将通过信号线40传递的被调制信号7。调制器电路58可以是一种通常类型，例如模2求积器。被调制信号7被加到通常类型电路以得出被调制信号7的运行数字和值。电路59传递取决于所确定的数字和值的信号Sdsv，信号Sdsv指示：是码字根据图2中确定的关系将被转换、还是呈现的信息字根据图3中确定的关系被转换。除了在转换器50中仅有码字和相关状态字需要被存储外，转换器50可以与转换器60是类似类型。在图8的实施例中，通过总线75利用转换器供给决定电路76的信息是冗余的。
为了使操作同步执行，设备包括通常类型的时钟产生电路41，以产生时钟信号用于控制并/串转换器58，以及用于控制缓冲存储器54的装载。
优选地，被调制信号7包含同步信号部分，它具有不会在信息信号部分的随机序列中出现的信号图案。加法可通过插入同步字到n-bit的码字序列来实现。图9示出了二个26-bit的同步字100和101，它们杰出地适合用于与图2和图3所示的码字的组合。这些同步字每个包含两个10比特的具有逻辑“0”值的序列由一个具有逻辑“1”值的比特隔开。对于这两个同步字100和101，仅仅是码字第一个位置(x1)处的比特的逻辑值不同。两个码字中的哪一个被插入，取决于紧接在被插入的同步字前的码字所确定的编码状态。在编码状态S1被确定的情况下，以3个具有逻辑“0”值的比特开始的同步字101被插入。因为决定编码状态S1的码字至多以具有逻辑“0”值的一个比特结尾，因此，当进行从码字到同步字的转变时，以d＝2和k＝10的dk-限制得以满足。
在编码状态S4被确立的情况下，同步字100被插入。因为建立编码状态S4的码字以具有逻辑“0”值的最小6个比特和最大9个比特结尾，因此，在从码字到同步字转化时以d＝2和k＝10的dk-限制再次被满足。
在编码状态S2被确立的情况下，同步字101被插入。此同步字中比特组合x1.x13等于0.0。在编码状态s3被确定的情况下，同步字100被插入。在此同步字中比特组合x1.x13等于1.0。在确立编码状态S2的码字后跟随的同步字中，该比特组合x1.x13总是为0.0，而对于一个跟随着确立状态S3的码字的同步字，比特组合x1.x3总是为1.0，因而一相关信息字根据该码字和下一个码字总是明确地被建立。
同步字100和101都以具有逻辑“1”值的比特结尾，这表明跟随在两个同步字中任何一个字后面的码字要从V1集中被选出，以使在从同步字到下一码字的转变时以d＝2和k＝10的dk-限制总是能被满足。这意味着随着码字的每次传递，码字状态S1被确立。
图10所示为示于图6的编码设备的修改，利用它，同步字可按上面所描述方式被插入。在图10中与图6的相同的部件以相同的参考字符表示。修改涉及具有分别用于存储两个同步字100和101的两个存储单元的存储器103。存储器103包括寻址电路，用于根据通过总线63被加到存储器103的地址输入端的状态字对两个存储单元中的任何一个进行寻址。寻址存储单元中的同步字通过总线104被送到并/串转换器105，转换器105的串行输出被送到电控交换单元106的第一输入端。信号线67连接到交换单元106的第二输入端。编码设备受通常类型的控制电路107的控制，它交替地使编码设备进入第一或者第二状态。在第一状态预定数目的信息字被转换为码字，这些码字通过交换单元106以串行方式被送到模2求积器68。在从第一到第二状态转变时，信息字的转换被中断，而由状态字确定的同步字由存储器103传递，经并/串转换器104和交换单元被加到模2求积器68上。另外，在从第二到第一状态转变时，在控制电路107的控制下，缓冲存储器以相应于编码状态S1的状态字被装载，接着信息字到码字的转换重新开始，直到编码设备再一次被控制电路107带进第二状态。
对于插入同步字，示于图8的编码设备以类似于图10所示的适应方式而能被适应。
图11显示了根据本发明的译码设备153的实施例，它用于将藉上述方法之一获得的被调制信号重新转换为信息字序列。译码电路包括模2差分器110，用以把被调制信号转换为比特串，其中具有逻辑“1”值的比特表示从具有信号值L的比特元到具有信号值H的比特元的转变或者相反，以及其中每个具有逻辑“0”值的比特元代表二个具有同样信号值的相继的比特元。这样得到的比特串被送到二个串联的移位寄存器上，每个的长度相应于一个n-bit码字的长度。移位寄存器111和112的内容经由并行输出端被提供到各自的总线113和114。译码设备包括一个(n+p)到m-比特转换器115。呈现在移位寄存器112上的所有n个比特通过总线114加到转换器115的输入端。从呈现在移位寄存器111上的n比特中，p个比特被加到转换器115上，此p比特与移位寄存器114上的n比特一起，唯一地确定一个信息字。转换器115可包括带有查找表的存储器，它包含对每个允许的比特组合的m-bit信息字，此比特组合由n-bit码字的n个比特和跟随此码字后的比特串部分的预定的P个比特构成。然而，转换器也可由门电路实现。
由转换器115执行的转换可借助于同步电路117以通常方式被同步，使得完整码字在移位寄存器112中每装载一次，信息字就出现在转换器的输出端上，这个信息字对应于加到转换器115输入端上的比特组合。
优选地，连接到总线113和114的同步字检测器116用于检测对应于同步字的比特图案，并被用于同步。
图16以图解方式显示了可根据上述的本发明的方法而获得的一种信号。此信号包含q个连续的信息信号部分160的序列，这里q是一整数，此信号部分代表q个信息字。在信息信号部分之间插入了同步信号部分，其中之一在图16中被标记为161。多个信息信号被详细示出。每个信息信号部分160包含n个比特元，在本例中是16，它具有第一(低)信号值L或第二(高)信号值H。由于由码字构成的并由被调制信号表示的比特串满足dk-限制，因此具有相同信号值的连续比特元数至少等于d+1而至多等于k+1。由于对取决于数字和值的码字的选择，在信号的任意点，具有第一信号值的比特元数和具有第二信号值的比特元数之差的运行值，对于先于此点的信号部分基本是常数。对应于第一类型组的码字的每个信息信号部分唯一地确立了一个信息字。在图16中，例如这是对应于码字“0100000001000010”的信息信号部分160c。此码字唯一地确立了具有字值“121”的信息字。每个表示第二类型组码字的信息信号部分，与相邻信号部分一起唯一地表示了一信息字。
显示于图16的信息信号部分160a对应于码字“00010000000100100”。此码字可以确立具有字值“24”和具有字值“34”的两个信息字。哪个信息由此码字实际被确定则取决于该比特串的紧接跟随部分的第一和第十三比特位置处的逻辑值。如果这些位的逻辑值都等于0，那么具有字值“24”的信息字被确立。如果这些比特不等于0，则具有字值“34”的信息字被确立。在图16中由信息信号部分160a确立的码字后面，第一和第十三比特位置处的比特值都等于0，所以具有字值“24”的信息字被确立。由信息信号部分160b确立的码字和由信息信号部分160a确立的码字相同。然而，由信息信号部分160b表示的码字后面紧接跟随其第一比特具有逻辑“1”值的同步字，因而具有字值“34”的信息字现被确立。
图12用示例表示了按照本发明的记录载体120。所示记录载体是一种光学可检测型的。记录载体也可以是另外的类型，例如，磁性可读出型。记录载体包含排列在记录道121上的信息图案。图13中显示的是记录道121的部分122的高倍放大。示于图13的记录道部分121中的信息图案包括例如以光学可检测标记形式的第一区123，和例如两个标记之间的中间地带的第二区124。第一区和第二区沿记录道125方向交替排列。第一区123呈现第一可检测特性，第二区124呈现能与第一可检测特性区分出的第二特性。第一区123表示具有一种信号电平(例如低信号电平L)的被调制二进制信号7的比特元12。第二区124表示具有另一种信号电平(例如高信号电平H)的比特元11。记录载体12可以通过首先产生被调制信号、然后以信息图案提供给记录载体而获得。如果记录载体是光学可检测型，则记录载体可根据被调制的信号7而用本来已熟知的制作主盘和复制品技术来获得。
图14显示用于记录信息的记录设备，其中使用了按照本发明的编码设备，例如，示于图6的编码设备140。在记录设备中用于传递被调制信号的信号线被连接到用于写入头142的控制电路141，可写型记录载体143沿写入头移动。写入头142是通常类型的，能够在记录载体143上引入具有可检测的变化的标记。控制电路141也可以是通常类型的，根据加到控制电路141上的被调制信号产生用于写入头的控制信号，使得写入头引入相应于被调制信号的标记图案。
图15显示一读出设备，其中使用了按照本发明的译码设备，例如，示于图11的译码设备153。读出设备包括通常类型的读出头，用于读出按照本发明的记录载体，此记录载体载有相应于被调制信号的信息图案。然后读出头150根据由读出头150读出的信息图案产生被调制的模拟读出信号。检测电路152以通常的方式把读出信号转换为二进制信号并将其加到译码电路153。

Claims (54)

1.一种转换信息字(1)成为被调制信号(7)的方法，该方法中，m-bit信息字的序列被根据转换规则转换为n-bit的码字(4)，并且码字序列被转换成被调制的信号，这里m和n是整数，且n大于m，转换规则是使被调制的信号符合预定的准则；在该方法中，对一个接收到的信息字(1)传递一个码字(4)，该码字是从码字的多个集合(V1、V2、V3、V4)中的一个集合中选出的，该一个集合与前面的一个编码状态(S1、S2、S3、S4)有关，该编码状态是在前一个码字被传递时建立的，其特征在于，码字(4)分布在第一类型的至少一组(G11，G12)和第二类型的至少一组(G2)上，并且
其中属于第一类型组(G11，G12)的每个码字的传递建立了由所述第一类型组决定的第一类编码状态(S1，S4)，属于第二类型组(G2)的每个码字的传递建立了由所述第二类型组和接收到的信息字(1)决定的第二类编码状态(S2，S3)，而与第二类型的一种编码状态(S2；S3)相关的码字的任意集合(V2；V3)不包含与第二类型的任何其它编码状态(S3；S2)相关的码字的任何其它集合(V3；V2)共同的码字，
并且其中相互不同的同步字(100，101)被插入在码字序列中，此同步字具有相同的末尾部分并且显现不出现在由码字形成的比特串中的比特图案，其中，所使用的同步字取决于前面的编码状态，并且其中码字的至少一个集合(V1、V2、V3、V4)包括与多个信息字相关的第二类型的组(G2)的码字，所述多个信息字中的每一个建立第二类型的不同编码状态(S2，S3)，从而使得通过检测随后的码字或者随后的同步字，将各个信息字从所述多个信息字中区别开来，
并且其中码字(4)的至少一个集合(V1，V2，V3，V4)包括对于至少多个信息字(1)的至少一对码字，其中当信息字(1)被转换为码字(4)时，码字(4)被从码字对中选出，从而抑制了被调制的信号(7)中的低频成分。
2.如权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，信息字序列被转换为码字序列是按照这样的转换规则：每个具有相同信号值的连续比特单元数至少为3，至多为11。
3.如权利要求2的方法，其特征在于，运行数字和值作为对当前直流成分的量度而被确立，其值是在被调制信号(7)的先前部分范围内被确定，并且它表示对于这部分具有第一信号值的比特单元数和具有第二信号值的比特单元数之间差值的当前值，而包含二个码字的码字对，对于数字和值有着相反的作用，而且码字是响应一定的数字和值从码字对中被选出的，以使一旦选自该对的码字被传递，数字和值最接近于参考值。
4.如权利要求2或3的方法，其特征在于，信息字被转换为码字序列，此码字序列建立具有第一逻辑值的比特和具有第二逻辑值的比特的比特串，具有第一逻辑值并且处在具有第二逻辑值的连续比特之间的连续比特的数目至少为2，至多为10，并且此比特串被转换为被调制信号(7)，其中从具有第一信号值的比特单元到具有第二信号值的比特单元的转变和从具有第二信号值的比特单元到具有第一信号值的比特单元的转变对应于比特串中具有第二逻辑值的比特。
5.如权利要求1、2、3中任何一个的方法，其特征在于，n对m的比值是2∶1。
6.如权利要求5的方法，其特征在于，m等于8而n等于16。
7.如权利要求1、2、3中的任何一个的方法，其特征在于，包含在不同的码字集(V2、V3)中与第二类型的编码状态(S2、S3)相关的码字能根据所述码字(4)内的p个预定比特位置处的比特的逻辑值相互区分，其中p是小于n的整数。
8.如权利要求7的方法，其特征在于，所述p个预定比特位置是码字中的第一和第十三个比特位置。
9.如权利要求1、2、3中的任何一个的方法，其特征在于，这些同步字以一种方式根据p个预定比特位置处的比特的逻辑值能相互区分，所述方式与包含在不同的码字集(V2、V3)中与第二类型的编码状态(S2、S3)相关的码字能相互区分的方式相对应，其中p是小于n的整数。
10.如权利要求1、2、3中的任何一个的方法，其特征在于，第一类型第一组(G11)的码字由具有第一逻辑值的a个比特结尾的码字构成，其中a等于0或1，而第一类型第二组(G12)的码字由具有第一逻辑值的b个连续比特结尾的码字构成，其中b是大于或等于6并且小于或等于9的整数，第二类型的组(G2)由具有第一逻辑值的c个比特结尾的码字构成，其中c是大于或等于2且小于或等于5的整数，并且从与编码状态(S1，S2，S3，S4)有关的码字集(V1，V2，V3，V4)中选出被分配给信息字的码字，该码字集(V1，V2，V3，V4)由以具有第一逻辑值的多个比特开始的码字构成，比特个数取决于同该集相关的编码状态，因而在由两个连续码字构成的该比特串中，具有第一逻辑值的连续比特的数目至少等于2，而至多等于10。
11.如权利要求1，2，3中的任何一个的方法，其特征在于，所述至少多个信息字组成小于信息字的整个范围的连续范围。
12.如权利要求11的方法，其特征在于，所述连续范围是从信息字0到信息字87的范围。
13.如权利要求1，2，3中的任一的方法，其特征在于，提供了记录载体(120)，其包括代表被调制的信号(7)的信息图案(123，124)。
14.如权利要求13的方法，其特征在于，所述记录载体通过刻录及复制技术获得。
15.编码设备(140)，包括m比特到n比特转换器(60)，用于通过对于一个接收到的信息字传递一个码字，将m-比特信息字转换为n-比特的码字，该设备还包含用于在传递码字时建立编码状态(S1，S2，S3，S4)的状态建立装置(60，64)，该转换器包括用于从多个码字集(V1，V2，V3，V4)之一中选择码字的装置，该码字集与前一个码字被传递时建立的前一个编码状态相关，该设备还包括用于将n-比特码字转换为被调制信号(7)的装置(66，68)，其特征在于，状态建立装置被设置成用于为每个属于第一类型的组(G11，G12)的被传递码字建立第一类编码状态(S1，S4)，该状态由所述第一类型组确定，以及用于为每个属于第二类型的组(G2)的被传递码字建立第二类编码状态(S2，S3)，该状态由所述第二类型组和由接收到的信息字确定，并且与第二类编码状态(S2；S3)相关的任意码字集(V2；V3)不含有与其它任何与第二类的任何其它编码状态(S3；S2)相关的码字集(V3；V2)共同的码字，
并且该设备包括用于插入相互不同的同步字到比特串的同步装置(103，105，106，107)，同步字具有相同的结尾部分和不出现在由码字构成的比特串中的比特图案，该同步装置包括用于根据建立的编码状态选择要被插入的同步字的装置(103)，
并且码字的至少一个集合(V1、V2、V3、V4)包括与多个信息字相关的第二类型的组(G2)的码字，所述多个信息字中的每一个建立第二类型的不同编码状态，从而使得通过检测随后的码字或随后的同步字将各个信息字从所述多个信息字中区别开来，并且所述转换器(60)包括用于为码字(4)的至少一个集合(V1，V2，V3，V4)中的至少多个信息字提供至少一对码字的装置，和选择装置(76)，用于从所述码字对中选择码字(4)，从而抑制了被调制的信号(7)中的低频成分。
16.如权利要求15的设备，其特征在于，用于选择码字的装置用于选择码字以便在调制信号中具有相同信号值的连续比特单元的最小数目为3，最大数目为11。
17.如权利要求16的设备，其特征在于，该设备包括用于确定运行数字和值的装置(82，83，86)，该值表示对于被调制信号(7)的前面部分具有第一信号值的比特单元数和具有第二信号值的比特单元数之差的运行值，码字对的每对包括对数字和值具有相反作用的至少两个码字，以及该选择装置(76)包含有这样一种装置(89)：用于根据取决于数字和值的准则，从该集中选出那些码字，对于这些码字按照此准则的数字和值继续被限制。
18.如权利要求17的设备，其特征在于，取决于数字和值的准则暗示码字选自所述对，使得一旦选自该对的码字被传递，数字和值最接近于参考值。
19.如权利要求15、16或17的设备，其特征在于，该设备被安排用于将信息字转换为码字序列，所述码字序列建立具有第一逻辑值比特和具有第二逻辑值的比特的比特串，具有第一逻辑值且处在具有第二逻辑值的连续比特之间的连续比特的最小个数是2，而最大个数是10，该设备还包括模2求积分器(58)，用于把比特串转换成为被调制信号。
20.如权利要求15，16，或17中任何一个的设备，其特征在于，n与m的比值为2∶1。
21.如权利要求20的设备，其特征在于，m等于8而n等于16。
22.如权利要求15的设备，其特征在于，包含在不同的码字集(V2、V3)中与第二类型的编码状态(S2、S3)相关的码字能根据所述码字(4)内的p个预定比特位置处的比特的逻辑值相互区分，其中p是小于n的整数。
23.如权利要求22的设备，其特征在于，这些同步字以一种方式根据预定比特位置处的比特的逻辑值能相互区分，所述方式与包含在不同的码字集(V2、V3)中与第二类型的编码状态(S2、S3)相关的码字能相互区分的方式对应。
24.如权利要求22或23的设备，其特征在于，p个预定比特位置是在所述码字或同步字中的第一和第十三个比特位置。
25.如权利要求15、16或17的设备，其特征在于，该设备包括用于一旦同步字被插入就实现预定的编码状态的装置(107)。
26.如权利要求15、16或17的设备，其特征在于，第一类型第一组(G11)的码字由具有第一逻辑值的a个比特结尾的码字构成，其中a等于0或1，以及第一类型第二组(G12)的码字由具有第一逻辑值的b个连续比特结尾的码字构成，其中b是大于或等于6并小于或等于9的整数，第二类型的组(G2)由以具有第一逻辑值的c个比特结尾的码字构成，其中c是大于或等于2和小于或等于5的整数，并且从与编码状态相关的码字集(V1，V2，V3，V4)中选出被分配给信息字的码字，该码字集由以第一逻辑值的多个比特开始的码字形成，该比特的数目取决于同该集相关的编码状态，以使在此由两个连续码字形成的比特串中具有第一逻辑值的连续比特的数目至少等于2，而至多等于10。
27.如权利要求16，17或18的设备，其特征在于，所述至少多个信息字形成小于信息字的整个范围的连续范围。
28.如权利要求27的设备，其特征在于，所述连续范围是从信息字0到信息字87的范围。
29.如在权利要求16，17，18，23或28中的任何一个的设备，其特征在于，该设备包含用于在记录载体(143)上记录与被调制信号(7)对应的信息图案的装置(141，142)。
30.记录载体，包括提供有材料区域的记录道(121)，该材料区域包括在记录道的方向上交替的第一区域(123)和第二区域(124)，第一区域(123)具有第一可检测的特性，第二区域(124)具有与第一特性能够区分开的第二可检测的特性，
第一区域(123)代表第一信号值(L)，而第二区域(124)代表被调制的信号的第二信号值(H)，
该记录道包括一个连续材料部分(160)的序列，每一部分代了一个信息字，
在此记录道中，每个材料部分(160)具有n个单元，该n个单元代表具有第一或第二逻辑值的n比特单元，
在第一区域(123)和第二区域(124)之间的过渡代表具有第二逻辑值的比特单元，
材料部分(160)没有所述过渡的部分代表具有第一逻辑值的比特单元，
其特征在于，这些材料部分是从至少一个第一类型组(G11、G12)和至少一个第二类型组(G2)中选出的，其中属于第一类型组的每个材料部分唯一地代表一个信息字，属于第二类型组的每个材料部分与随后的材料相结合代表唯一的信息字，
记录道(7)包含相互不同的同步材料部分(161)，它们具有相同的结尾部分以及不出现在连续的材料部分(160)的序列中的材料图案，唯一信息字通过第二类型组(G2)的材料部分与相邻的同步材料部分(161)的组合而被确立，
至少一个信息字由从对于至少多个信息字的每一个可提供的一对材料部分中选出的材料部分表示，用于抑制沿记录道(121)的材料区域(160)的低频成分。
31.如权利要求30的记录载体(120)，其特征在于，第一类型组(G11、G12)由第一子组(G11)和第二子组(G12)构成，
第一子组(G11)由以前面有具有第二可检测特性的3至11个单元的、具有第一可检测特性的一个或至多两个单元结尾的材料部分构成，以及由以前面有具有第一可检测特性的3至11个单元的、具有第二可检测特性的一个或至多两个单元结尾的材料部分构成，
第二子组(G12)由以前面有具有第二可检测特性的3至11个单元的、具有第一可检测特性的7至10个单元结尾的材料部分构成，以及由以前面有具有第一可检测特性的3至11个单元的、具有第二可检测特性的7至10个单元结尾的材料部分构成，
第二类型组(G2)由以前面有具有第二可检测特性的3至11个单元的、具有第一可检测特性的3至6个单元结尾的材料部分构成，以及由以前面有具有第一可检测特性的3至11个单元的、具有第二可检测特性的3至6个单元结尾的材料部分构成。
32.如权利要求31的记录载体(120)，其特征在于，以具有第一可检测特性的3至6个单元结尾的第二类型组(G2)的材料部分随后是以具有第一可检测特性的1至5个单元开始的材料部分，随后是以具有第二可检测特性的3至11个单元开始的材料部分，或者随后是同步材料部分(161)，以及
其中以具有第二可检测特性的3至6个单元结尾的第二类型组(G2)的材料部分随后是以具有第二可检测特性的1至5个单元开始的材料部分，随后是以具有第一可检测特性的3至11个单元开始的材料图案部分，或者随后是同步材料部分(161)。
33.如权利要求30的记录载体(120)，其特征在于，在材料部分(160)内，第一部分(123)的每一部分具有至少3个单元的长度以及至多11个单元的长度，以及第二部分(124)的每一部分具有至少3个单元的长度以及至多11个单元的长度。
34.如权利要求30的记录载体(120)，其特征在于，n＝16。
35.如权利要求30的记录载体，其特征在于，沿着记录道(121)，每个具有相同信号值的材料部分(160)的连续单元数目最小是3，最大是11，并且在记录道(121)的任意点处，此点之前的材料部分中具有第一信号值的单元和具有第二信号值的单元的数目之差的运行值是被限制的。
36.如权利要求35的记录载体，其特征在于，n等于16。
37.如权利要求30的记录载体，其特征在于，属于第二类型组(G2)的每个材料部分(160)与随后的材料部分中p个预定位置处的比特单元的逻辑值相结合代表唯一的信息字，其中P是小于n的整数。
38.如权利要求37的记录载体，其特征在于，唯一信息字通过第二类型组(G2)的材料部分结合与随后的材料部分中的p个预定位置对应的相邻同步材料部分(161)中的p个预定位置处的比特单元的逻辑值而被确立。
39.如权利要求37或38的记录载体，其特征在于，所述p个预定的比特位置是随后的材料部分(160)或同步材料部分(161)中的第一和第十三个比特位置。
40.如权利要求30或31的记录载体，其特征在于，所述至少多个信息字形成小于信息字的整个范围的连续范围。
41.如权利要求40的记录载体，其特征在于，所述连续范围是从信息字0到信息字87的范围。
42.一种译码设备，用于将如权利要求30、31或32所要求的记录载体中的材料部分(160)的序列转换成为m-bit信息字(1)的序列，该设备包括用于将沿记录道(121)的材料部分(160)的序列转换成为具有第一或第二逻辑值的比特的比特串的装置(110)，该比特串包含对应于材料部分(160)的n-bit码字(4)，并且该设备包括转换装置(113，114，115)，用于转换码字序列到信息字序列，一个信息字被指派给一个要被转换的码字并取决该码字，其特征在于，转换装置(113，114，115)被安排用来还根据用于从多个信息字中区别各个信息字的随后码字唯一地转换属于第一类型组(G11，G12)的码字和转换属于第二类型组(G2)的码字，并且
该设备包括检测装置(116)，用于检测具有相同的结尾部分和比特图案的相互不同的同步字，所述比特图案不由序列中的连续码字构成，或者不由一部分同步字与一相邻码字相结合来构成，并且
转换装置被安排用来对于至少多个信息字中的每一个，将从至少一对码字中选出的码字转换为信息字，通过该选择，该信号中的低频成分被抑制。
43.如权利要求42中的译码设备，其特征在于，n等于16，m等于8。
44.如权利要求42的译码设备，其特征在于，转换装置(113，114，115)被安排用来也根据比特串中位于随后码字中p个预定位置处的比特的逻辑值而转换码字，其中p是小于n的整数。
45.如权利要求44的译码设备，其特征在于，转换装置(113，114，115)被安排用来也根据比特串中与随后码字中的p个预定位置对应的随后同步字中的p个预定位置处的比特的逻辑值而转换码字。
46.如权利要求44或45的译码设备，其特征在于，所述p个预定比特位置是所述随后码字中的第一和第十三个比特位置。
47.如权利要求41的译码设备，其特征在于，检测装置(116)被安排用来检测与比特图案“10010000000000100000000001”或比特图案“00010000000000100000000001”对应的的26-比特同步字，其中“0”表示第一逻辑值，而“1”表示第二逻辑值。
48.如权利要求42的译码设备，其特征在于，来自第一类型组(G11、G12)的码字(4)以具有相同逻辑值的s个比特结尾，以及来自第二类型组(G2)的码字以具有相同逻辑值的t个比特结尾，其中，s能够假定为多个不同的值并且其中t能够假定为多个不同的值，以及其中s与t是不同的，并且其中转换装置被安排用来还根据随后码字或随后同步字转换以具有相同逻辑值的t个比特结尾的码字。
49.如权利要求48的译码设备，其特征在于，t大于或等于2并且小于或等于5。
50.如权利要求48或49的设备，其特征在于，对于第一类型的第一组(G11)，s等于0或1。
51.权利要求49的设备，其特征在于，对于第一类型的第二组(G12)，s等于6，7，8或9。
52.如权利要求42的译码设备，其特征在于，所述至少多个信息字形成小于信息字的整个范围的连续范围。
53.如权利要求52的译码设备，其特征在于，所述连续范围是从信息字0到信息字87的范围。
54.如权利要求42到45、48、49、52或53中之一的译码设备，其特征在于，该设备包括读出设备(150)，用于从记录载体(151)中读出信息图案，在记录载体上信息记录在具有代表信号(7)并且产生相应的读出信号的连续材料部分(160)的记录道中，还包括检测装置(152)，用于将读出信号转换为信号(7)。
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