CN1705445A - Multilayered, breathable textile fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multilayered, breathable fabric and especially, but not exclusively, to a textile fabric for clothing purposes. In a special embodiment, the invention relates to a fabric for manufacturing articles of work clothing for protection against the effects of heat, flames or arcing and the like. Therefore, the invention also relates to an article of fire protection clothing with a novel, breathable, moisture-transporting fabric as the inner layer. However, the textile fabric can also be used in the leisure sector, for example, to manufacture functional undergarments.

Description

multi-layer breathable fabric

Background of the invention

1. Field of the invention

The present invention relates to multilayer, breathable - ie water vapor permeable - woven (including woven and knitted) fabrics and especially, but not exclusively, to fabrics for clothing purposes. In a particular embodiment, the invention relates to fabrics for use in the manufacture of articles of work clothing for protection against the effects of heat, flame, electric arc, and the like. Accordingly, the present invention also relates to fire resistant clothing having a novel breathable moisture transportable fabric as an inner layer. However, the fabric can also be used in the leisure sector, for example, to make functional underwear.

2. Description of related technologies

The prior art has long described "breathable" fabric structures, such as those sold under the trade name GORE-TEX(R). Breathable fabrics are substantially water impermeable on one side, while they allow water vapor to escape through the fabric on the other side. These fabrics are used in articles of clothing, especially jackets and tops and trousers. Here, the fabric is water repellent and at the same time it prevents the accumulation of water vapor caused by perspiration under the garment. US Patent No. 3,272,685 describes a waterproof fabric having at least two distinct layers.

German patent DE 195 47 704 A1 describes a multilayer textile for the transmission of sweat and other body fluids consisting of two fabric layers with different denier values. The fabric layer has a material selected from polyester, nylon and acrylic resins. However, this fabric is not suitable for making protective clothing.

German patent DE 43 07 501 A1 describes a multi-layer textile with an inner layer of microfibres, whereby the fabric has a wicking or capillary effect and improves moisture transport from the inside to the outside. The described textiles are used in the manufacture of sportswear, casual wear, etc.

Generally speaking, protective clothing, for example for firefighters, is inherently very heavy. The protective equipment provides protection due to its bulkiness, but this greatly restricts the wearer's ability to move and causes severe thermal stress, thus significantly compromising wearing comfort.

In addition, it needs to be considered that the fire protection clothing must meet national standards, such as standard DIN EN469 or SN 054551.

As explained above, it has been found so far that the personnel involved, i.e. firefighters, are well protected from external hazards due to the lack of outward sweat transporting ability of the internal protective garment piece, but are comfortable to wear despite the multi-layered The structure is not optimal from a physiological standpoint. Also, the accumulation of large amounts of moisture on the skin is very dangerous in case of fire, as there is a fear of severe burns due to the generation of steam.

Therefore, for protective clothing worn by firefighters, there has long been a need to find materials that combine protective functions, flame retardancy, thermal insulation and greater wearing comfort through facilitated sweat transport, but not Water is stored in the fibers.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide novel multilayer breathable fabrics that can be used in the manufacture of articles of clothing, especially fire resistant clothing.

Summary of the invention

This object can be achieved by a multi-layer breathable textile 1 for an article of clothing with improved wearing comfort due to easy moisture transport, characterized in that the textile 1 comprises At least two separate layers 2, 3 of which warp and weft yarns consist of aramid yarns or aramid twisted or aramid filament yarns or of fibers containing polybenzimidazole and aramid According to which the layers 2, 3 have different individual fiber finenesses in order to cause a fineness gradient in the thickness 7 of the fabric 1, the side 6 of the layer 3 mainly facing the skin has The thicker individual fiber size and the layer of the side 4 facing away from the skin have a finer individual fiber size.

Brief description of the drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of a multilayer fabric 1 according to the invention with a skin-facing side 6 .

Figure 2 is a cross-section of the multilayer fabric 1 according to the invention of Figure 1 along line 2-2.

Figure 3a is a mechanical illustration of a repeating portion of a plain weave pattern for an example of a dobble woven fabric 1 in an embodiment, looking at the skin-facing side 6.

FIG. 3b is a mechanical illustration of the repeating unit of the fabric 1 of FIG. 3a viewed from side 4 .

Figure 3c is a loom symbol design for the fabric 1 of Figures 3a and 3b.

Fig. 3d is a diagram of the loom healds designed symbolically in Fig. 3c, with columns corresponding to individual healds.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Through the clever structuring of the textile, a good insulating effect is achieved with a low square meter weight. Furthermore, the sweat produced by the wearer is immediately transported to the side facing away from the skin (wicking effect), so the wearer no longer experiences any wetness and no moisture can accumulate.

Compared to a well-established reference material according to the state of the art, i.e. aramid lining material, the fabric according to the invention provides approximately 4 to 8 times the thermal insulation effect relative to the prior art material while providing almost the same High moisture absorption rate by square meter weight. For the material according to the invention, the time for a sweat drop to be absorbed is less than one second. For common materials, ie for aramid lining materials, this value is about five minutes.

The mode of action of the textile 1 according to the invention can be described as follows, the textile 1 is composed of at least two individual single piles 2 bonded to each other in predetermined positions 5 with selected bounding yarns, 3, the boundary yarn is part of the fabric layer 3 facing away from the skin. The boundary yarn is woven or knitted or stitched through the layer 2 on the skin side.

The boundary yarn is visible in the form of dots at this predetermined position on the skin surface 6 .

Moisture formed on the skin is absorbed by the microfibers constituting this boundary yarn (forming points 5 on the skin side 6), which is then transported along the boundary yarn to the back and border of layer 3 by the capillary action of the microfibers The yarns are preferentially oriented towards layer 3 facing away from the skin. On the side 6 facing the skin, it evaporates rapidly due to the larger surface of the checkered structure. Thus, the skin-facing side 6 always remains relatively dry, compared to normal materials such as normal aramid lining fabrics.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer breathable textile 1 is used for the manufacture of articles of work wear, for example for firefighters. The textile 1 is composed of a basic fabric, a ply or layer 2, and a microfiber fabric, a ply or layer 3, each layer 2, 3 having warp and weft threads.

The warp and weft yarns of each of the layers 2, 3 can consist of spun aramid yarns (made from staple fibers) and multifilament continuous yarns can be used. Combinations are also possible. According to the invention, however, it is also possible to use phenol-formaldehyde fibers, polyamide/polyimide fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers or fiber mixtures consisting of the aforementioned fibers or fiber mixtures with aramid yarns or containing polybenzo A blend of imidazole and aramid fibers.

If the fabric 1 according to the invention is used in the leisure sector, it is of course no longer necessary to use aramid yarns. In this case polyester and/or polyamide yarns can then be used for one or both of layers 2,3. Such materials are basically known to those skilled in the art.

According to the invention, the aramid yarn consists of aramid fibers such as Nomext®, Kevlar®, Twaron®, Technora® and Teijinconex®. Products such as Kynol(R) are used as phenol formaldehyde fibers and products such as Kermel(R) are used as polyamide/polyimide fibers.

The possible woven fabrics are all woven fabrics of the basic woven or knitted type and variants thereof.

The aramid fibers are natural colored or dyed.

According to the invention, the fabric layers 2, 3 have a square meter weight of 50-450 g/m ² .

According to the invention, in a preferred embodiment, the breathable fabric 1 is a dual construction comprising at least two layers or fabric layers 2, 3 bonded to each other. The layers 2, 3 are bonded to each other by forming points 5 or lines or over the entire surface with selected boundary yarns that are part of the layer 3 facing away from the skin, whereby in one embodiment can be formed as shown in FIG. 1 picture of. The individual microfiber points 5 are separated from one another by a distance _x1 in the weft direction and by a distance _x2 in the warp direction, as shown in FIG. 1 . The distances _x1 and _x2 should be chosen such that a water droplet on the surface 6 of the layer 2 facing the skin will touch at least one of the point 5 or the line. The basic fabric or layer 2 according to the invention is mainly composed of a basic woven or knitted base fabric, so the layers 2, 3 have different individual fiber deniers, that is, the fineness of individual fibers, resulting in Gradient of fineness on thickness 7 of 1. According to the invention, however, the layer 3 of finer denier is on the outside, ie on the side 4 facing away from the skin. In particular, this layer 3 has an individual fiber titer of less than 1.3 decitex, in particular less than 1 decitex. Preferably, the microfibrous layer 3 has a highly structured surface 10 . The fibers used in layer 3 are microfibres, ie freshly formed microdenier fibers. By using these microfiber yarns, it is possible to create very windproof, fine-porous, water-repellent fabrics that have a soft hand but are good at wicking away water vapor or moisture. This effect is shown in Figure 2. Perspiration 8 formed on the skin is absorbed via the microfiber dots 5 and transported to the outside by capillary action (wicking effect 9 ) of the bordering yarns of the fabric 3 . This wicking effect 9 is required for the transport of moisture 8 (sweat, condensation) from the interior 6 to the exterior 4 .

In one embodiment, the textile 1 can be used for a fireproof jacket. The textile 1 or insulating lining can be compounded with other materials. For example, it is possible to manufacture an article comprising:

(A) the outer layer or shell alone or as a 2-layer or 3-layer laminate;

(B) Intermediate water barrier layer: laminate with or without backside layer; and

(C) Inner fabric 1: Fritsche "functional" (according to the invention), for example, 95% Nomex®, 5% Kevlar®, mixed with 100% aramid microfibres, from 100-350 g/m ² , especially 280 g Weight per square meter per ^m2 , width 100-200 cm, especially 160 cm; yarn count, warp and weft: Nomex® III, Paris blue Nm 40/2 of layer 2 of fabric 1 and interposition of layer 3 of fabric 1 - Aramid microfibre natural white Nm 80/2; and type of weaving of fabric 1: fabric: special double sided (layer) woven fabric, especially Sonja 0203 pattern.

list of reference numbers

1 Textile "Fritsche Function" according to the invention

2 base fabric, fabric layer (ply) or layer (layer)

3 Microfibrous fabric layers or layers having a single fiber denier of less than 1.3 dtex

4 The side or surface of layer 3 facing away from the skin

5 Microfiber dots consisting of or forming microfiber boundary yarns of layer 3

6 The side or surface facing layer 2 of the skin

7 Thickness of Fabric 1

8 Moisture (sweat, condensate, steam, water)

9 Wicking effect

10 Highly structured surface of microfiber layer 3

x ₁ Distance between microfiber dots in weft direction

x ₂ distance between microfiber dots in the warp direction

Example

A fiber blend commercially available under the trade name Nomex N301 from E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A., having a cut length of 5 cm and consisting of the following components:

95% by weight of pigmented, polym-phenylene isophthalamide (meta-aramid), 1.7 dtex short fibers; and

5% by weight of poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide (para-aramid) fiber was ring spun into a single staple staple yarn (Y1) by using common cotton staple fiber processing equipment.

Y1 has a linear density of Nm 40/1 or 250 decitex and a twist of 700 turns per meter (TPM) in the Z direction and is subsequently treated with steam to stabilize its tendency to shrink. The two Y1 yarns are then plied and twisted together. The resulting plied and twisted yarn (TY1) had a linear density of Nm 40/2 or 500 dtex and a twist of 500 TPM in the S direction. TY1 is used as the warp and weft yarns of the ply or base fabric 2 facing the skin.

A fiber commercially available under the tradename Nomex® T 450 from E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A., having a cut length of 5 cm and consisting of 100% polym-phenylene isophthalamide (meta- Aramid), 1.1 dtex staple fibers, were ring spun into individual staple yarns (Y2) by using common cotton staple fiber processing equipment.

Y2 has a linear density of Nm 80/1 or 125 decitex and a twist of 1070 twists per meter (TPM) in the Z direction and is subsequently treated with steam to stabilize its tendency to shrink. The two Y2 yarns are then plied and twisted together. The resulting plied and twisted yarn (TY2) had a linear density of Nm 80/2 or 250 dtex and a twist of 750 TPM in the S direction. TY2 was used as the warp and weft of layer 3 facing away from the skin. TY2 were also used as boundary yarns between the two layers because they have the highest capillarity.

TY1 and TY2 were woven into special double sided woven fabrics according to the Sonja 0203 pattern as shown in Figures 3a-d.

This fabric 1 was tested as an inner liner thermal barrier for use in a multilayer structure (garment in Table 1) further comprising (1) an ^Intermediate water barrier layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film laminate with a density of 135 g/m (commercially available from the company WL Gore and Associates, Delaware, USA under the trade name GORETEX® Fireblocker N) on a nonwoven fabric , and ( ² ) having a density of 195 g/m and a sheath consisting of a blend of fibers commercially available under the tradename Nomex® N305 from EI du Pontde Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, USA, having a cut length of 5 cm and consists of the following components:

(1) 75% by weight of pigmented polym-phenylene isophthalamide (meta-aramid), 1.7 dtex short fibers;

(2) 23% poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide (para-aramid) fibers; and

(3) 2% carbon core polyamide spin-coated antistatic fiber.

This fabric combination is tested for a combination of radiative and convective heat according to the Thermal Protection Properties (TPP) method (ISO-FDIS 17492) ASTM D-4108 (NFPA 1971).

Table 1 Assembly narrative Time to record pain (sec) Second degree burns (sec) TPP Rating (cal/m ² ) fabric damage factor Sample 7 (3 layers) - Shell 195 (g/m ² ) - Water barrier 135 (g/m ² ) Liner/thermal barrier 265 (g/m ² ) Total effective wt: 595 (g/m ² ) 9.89.59.5 Average: 9.6 16.015.715.8 Average: 15.8 32.031.431.6 Average: 31.7 5.45.35.3 Average: 5.3

The fabric damage factor (FFF) is defined as 100 times the TPP rating (which is the energy (cal/cm ² ) measured to simulate a second degree burn) divided by the fabric weight (g/m ² ). FFF = 100 x TPP/fabric weight.

FFF was 5.3, compared to prior art or assay benchmarks between 5.2 and 6.7.

An FFF of 5.3 indicates that the fabric of this example can be used in thermal protective clothing.

This fabric 1 was also tested according to the water transmission test with a 60 ml drop of water applied on fabric 1 with a syringe. The test consists in measuring the time of breakthrough and absorption. This test was repeated for the skin-facing layer 2 alone without the second layer 3 and the border yarn. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 sample test penetration time Skin-facing layers are averaged individually 1st drop 2sec. 2nd drop 5sec. 3rd drop 3sec. 4th drop 7sec. 5th drop 3sec. 4sec. The average fabric according to the invention 1st drop immediately 2nd drop immediately 3rd drop immediately 4th drop immediately 5th drop immediately immediately The comparison fabric Nomex®comfort average of seamed felt layer 250g/ ^m2 1st drop 6sec. 2nd drop 7sec. 3rd drop 7sec. 4th drop 6sec. 5th drop 8sec. 7sec.

This test shows that the absence of the skin facing layer of the present invention is no better than the standard fabric. This test thus demonstrates that the invention depends on the effect of the dots formed by capillary action of the border yarn and the preferential orientation of this border yarn with respect to the layer facing the skin.

This Fabric 1 was tested according to the Water Absorption Test Method. This test consists in applying 20 ml of colored water droplets on the layer of fabric facing the skin and measuring the size of the droplets on each layer of the sample after 60 seconds. The results are given in Tables 3 and 4.

table 3 fabric according to the invention layer facing the skin test Dimensions (mm) 1st drop 6 2nd drop 6 3rd drop 6 average 6

Table 4 test Minimum size after penetration (mm) Maximum dimension after penetration (mm) layer away from the skin 1st drop 25 33 2nd drop 27 35 3rd drop 26 38 Control Nomex® comfort with seamed felt layer 250 g/m ² 1st drop 0 0 2nd drop 0 0 3rd drop 0 0

This test illustrates the ability of a fabric to spread water over the layer facing away from the skin. Thus, the skin facing layer always remained relatively dry compared to the conventional material, as did the control aramid liner fabric seamed with 250 g/ ^m of felt.

The fabric 1 was tested for moisture absorption according to the permeable panel method STFI-Vorschr.PE03 of the Söchsisches Textil Forschung Institute, simulating the physiological behavior of fabrics in contact with wet skin. The moisture uptake is measured in g/ ^dm2 , and the relative moisture uptake is calculated from the surface weight of the fabric. The fabric 1 was also tested against the hot plate test ISO-11092 for sweat protection in order to obtain the Ret value. This fabric was compared to a control Fritsche 48101330022941 consisting of a 140 g/ ^m2 Nomex® Comfort liner seamed with a 190 g/ ^m2 Nomex® knitted thermal insulation layer. The results are given in Table 5.

table 5 Ret(M ² Pa/W) Absolute moisture absorption (g/dm ² ) Relative moisture absorption (%) fabric 1 function 5.78 7.7 255 Control Frische48101330022941 6.86 2.4 67.5

These results indicate that the fabric has a moisture uptake (square meter weight) approximately four times higher than prior art materials. These are good results and they show that the fabric 1 will readily absorb moisture from the wearer's skin. A Ret value of 5.78 was rated very good (<very good, 6-13 good, 13-20 adequate, >20 insufficient) and indicated that this Fabric 1 was fully breathable.

This fabric 1 was tested according to prEN 702 contact heat resistance test. The threshold time _tt (seconds) at 100°C was measured to be 19.8 seconds and significantly better than the standard fabric of Nomex® N 307 which had a _tt (seconds) value of 18.4 seconds at 100°C.

The article of clothing according to the invention can be sewn as desired.

The fabrics according to the invention are of course not limited to use in the manufacture of protective clothing. In particular, the fabric can be used for the manufacture of casual wear, especially for the manufacture of functional underwear.

Claims (16)

1. carry the multi-layered gas-permeable yarn fabric (1) that is used for clothing item of sense comfortable and easy to wear owing to being easy to moisture with raising, be characterised in that yarn fabric (1) comprises at least two independent layers (2 that utilize point or line or be bonded to each other on whole surface, 3), their warp thread and weft yarn are twisted thread by aramid yarn or aromatic polyamides or aramid yarn yarn or be made up of the yarn that the composite fibre that contains polybenzimidazoles and aramid fibre is made, in view of the above the layer (2,3) have different single fiber fineness so that cause the fineness gradient on the thickness (7) of fabric (1), the layer that the therefore main side (6) of facing the layer (3) of skin has thicker single fiber fiber number and the side (4) that deviates from skin has thinner single fiber fiber number.

2. according to the yarn fabric of claim 1, be characterised in that this layer (2) is woven fabric, knit goods or warp-knitted fabric.

3. according to the yarn fabric of claim 1, be characterised in that the second layer (3) is woven fabric, knit goods or warp-knitted fabric.

4. according to the yarn fabric of claim 1,2 or 3, be characterised in that whole layer (2,3) has the structure that demonstrates at least two kinds of different single fiber fineness.

5. according to the yarn fabric of claim 1-4, be characterised in that it is the dual structure that the bilayer that is bonded to each other is arranged.

6. according to one yarn fabric in the claim 1 to 5, be characterised in that this layer (2) and layer (3) in the face of being visible on the side (6) of skin, therefore surperficial ratio can change.

7. according to one yarn fabric in the claim 1 to 6, be characterised in that in the face of the drying time again of the side (6) of skin suitable by these goods extremely thin fiber and the combination of big surface area shorten.

8. according to one yarn fabric in the aforementioned claim 1 to 7, be characterised in that this bilayer (2,3), come combination by special double jersey or by special two-sided warp thread knitted fabric each other by special two-sided woven fabric.

9. according to one yarn fabric in the aforementioned claim 1 to 8, be characterised in that this layer (2,3) has from 50g/m ²To 450g/m ²Weight per square meter, so the weight per square meter of each individual layer can be identical or different.

10. according to one yarn fabric in the aforementioned claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that this layer (3) is arranged in that outside (4) is gone up or go up and be that it has the single fiber fiber number that is lower than 1.3 dtexs in the side that deviates from skin (4).

11., be characterised in that this warp thread comprises that multifilament aramid yarn or multifilament aromatic polyamides twisted yarn or aramid yarn yarn and this weft yarn additionally comprise multifilament aramid yarn or multifilament aromatic polyamides twisted yarn or aramid yarn yarn according to the yarn fabric of claim 1.

12., be characterised in that the multifilament aramid yarn that exists or multifilament aromatic polyamides twisted lines or aramid yarn yarn are similar to or are same as a kind of in the middle of two kinds of that arrange, different in addition multifilament yarns constituting this warp thread or multifilament twisted lines or the aramid yarn yarn in weft yarn according to the yarn fabric of claim 1 or 11.

13. according to one yarn fabric in claim 1 or 12 and 13, being characterised in that this aramid yarn contains is selected from following these fiber: Fanglun 1313, Fanglun 1414, or Fanglun 1313 and Fanglun 1414's mixture.

14. clothing item, it is characterized in that a kind of structure, this structure is by having internal layer, optional intermediate layer and the outer field at least a double-layer fabric Woven composite that is made of polyester or polyamide or aromatic polyamides micro-fibre fabric formed, so forms this internal layer according to one multi-layered gas-permeable yarn fabric among the claim 1-13.

15. the heat of preventing, flame or effect of arc and work clothes goods with the tectal tool protective action of the textile of forming by high-temperature fibre, it is characterized in that a kind of structure, this structure is by having internal layer, the optional intermediate layer that constitutes by polyester or polyamide or aromatic polyamides micro-fibre fabric, form with the outer field Woven composite of double-layer fabric at least that the textile material that is made of high-temperature fibre is formed, so internal layer contains in the with good grounds claim 1 to 13 one multi-layered gas-permeable yarn fabric.

16., be characterised in that it is fireproof jacket or fireproof trousers according to the work clothes goods of claim 15.

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