CN1701892A - Opposite stirring friction welding, material modification and preparation method - Google Patents
Opposite stirring friction welding, material modification and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1701892A CN1701892A CN 200410009120 CN200410009120A CN1701892A CN 1701892 A CN1701892 A CN 1701892A CN 200410009120 CN200410009120 CN 200410009120 CN 200410009120 A CN200410009120 A CN 200410009120A CN 1701892 A CN1701892 A CN 1701892A
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Abstract
对向搅拌摩擦焊接、材料改性及制备方法，利用两个同轴的对向搅拌头和一根搅拌针作为工作部件，搅拌针固定在两个搅拌头上，双向对称搅拌轴肩以及贯通的搅拌针设计可使搅拌区中温度分布更加均匀，而且可提高工作过程中搅拌针的刚度。搅拌区的深度取决于搅拌针的长度。本发明不仅适用于通常厚度材料，而且适用于超厚板材的固态焊接、改性以及用来制备复合材料和材料机械合金化，适用于金属材料、复合材料、塑料的固态焊接以及其它固体材料的搅拌摩擦改性、复合材料的制备、固态搅拌机械合金化。
Opposite friction stir welding, material modification and preparation method, using two coaxial opposite stirring heads and a stirring needle as the working parts, the stirring needle is fixed on the two stirring heads, bidirectional symmetrical stirring shaft shoulder and through The design of the stirring needle can make the temperature distribution in the stirring zone more uniform, and can increase the rigidity of the stirring needle during the working process. The depth of the stirring zone depends on the length of the stirring needle. The present invention is not only applicable to materials with normal thickness, but also applicable to solid state welding and modification of ultra-thick plates, as well as preparation of composite materials and mechanical alloying of materials, solid state welding of metal materials, composite materials, plastics and other solid materials. Friction stir modification, preparation of composite materials, solid state stirring mechanical alloying.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of subtend agitating friction technology, applicable to the preparation or the solid-state Mixing Machine alloying of the welding of material, material modification, composite.
Background technology
Agitating friction solder technology (Friction Stir Welding, FSW) be 1991 by Britain's institute of welding (The Welding Institute, TWI) Fa Ming (patent No. US5460317,1991.12.), caused new technological revolution at the welding field of Al, Mg, Cu and alloy thereof and iron and steel, plastics.The basic principle of this technology is to utilize the stirring-head (comprising mixing needle) of rotation at a high speed to be inserted in the weld seam, utilize the strong friction and the stirring action of stirring-head, make the weld metal zone material be in the thermoplasticity state and be broken, mix, then under certain transverse pressure effect by seam together.Stirring-head pushes forward along the weld metal zone in rotation, thereby forms weld seam at the stirring-head rear, reaches the purpose of solid-state welding.The agitating friction solder technology is and adopts cantilevered unidirectional solder technology at present, promptly adopt a stirring-head from being welded by a surface of weldering mother metal, therefore in the moving process of stirring-head, welded mother metal will will produce a very big moment of flexure effect to mixing needle.The size of moment of flexure is with being increased by the thickness of weldering mother metal, and therefore welding mother metal thickness is subjected to very big restriction.For the welding of softer aluminium alloy, its maximum ga(u)ge can only reach 100 millimeter at present, and is to adopt two procedures, promptly earlier from a face welding, welds from another face then.In addition, in the unidirectional stir friction welding process, the Temperature Distribution on the joint thickness direction is very inhomogeneous, has bigger thermograde, makes the institutional framework of weld metal zone there are differences on thickness direction.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is: overcome existing agitating friction technology and stir the more shallow shortcoming of the degree of depth, but a kind of subtend agitating friction technology of machining thick plates is provided.This technology is not only applicable to the welding of material, can be used for the modification of material, the preparation of composite and the mechanical alloying of material yet.
Technical solution of the present invention is: subtend agitating friction method, its characteristics are: the mixing needle that adopts two coaxial symmetrical stirring-heads and a perforation is as workpiece, and mixing needle is fixed on the axial of two stirring-heads, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) treating that weldment (or raw material) is fixed on the workbench with the rigidity anchor clamps;
(2) mixing needle is contained in the stirring-head, rotates at a high speed stirring-head subsequently and along treating that weldment (or raw material) inserts until perforation, and go up and stir the shaft shoulder and contact with the upper surface for the treatment of weldment (or raw material) tightly;
(3) other end of the mixing needle that connects is fixed on down in the stirring-head, and the stirring shaft shoulder is contacted with the lower surface for the treatment of weldment (or raw material) tightly;
(4) stirring-head is rotated at a high speed, utilize the stirring shaft shoulder to treat weldment (or raw material) simultaneously and apply certain stirring pressure.After the stirring area for the treatment of weldment (or raw material) reaches certain temperature, the surface to be welded (or raw material) for the treatment of weldment is pushed forward with respect to stirring-head;
(5) unclamp following stirring-head, and stirring-head withdraws from mixing needle on promoting from treat weldment (or raw material).
The rotary speed of the high speed rotation in above-mentioned steps (2) and the step (4) is ω=100-3000 rev/min; The translational speed of the stirring-head in the step (4) be 0.01-50 rice/minute, stirring pressure is 10-400MPa.
Principle of the present invention is: mixing needle is regarded as cantilever beam, and then in the moving process of stirring-head, mixing needle is subjected to being stirred the moment of flexure effect of material.Suppose that moment of flexure increases with the distance of distance fulcrum is linear, the moment of flexure that mixing needle is subjected in the then unidirectional agitating friction process distributes as shown in Figure 1a.Wherein L is the length (the stirring degree of depth) of mixing needle working position, and Tmax is a maximal bending moment.Suppose to adopt subtend agitating friction technology, promptly cantilever beam (mixing needle) has two fulcrums.When the length L of cantilever beam was constant, then maximal bending moment was Tmax/2, shown in Fig. 1 b; Tmax is constant as maximal bending moment, and then the length of cantilever beam will be increased to 2L, shown in Fig. 1 c.As seen, under the constant prerequisite of other condition, adopt the agitating friction technology of subtend, can make and stir degree of depth L and increase.
It is as follows that the present invention and existing agitating friction technology are compared the advantage that has:
(1) the stirring area degree of depth increases substantially;
(2) Temperature Distribution of stirring area and organize more even.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a-Fig. 1 c is a principle of the invention schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is used for subtend agitating friction welding (butt welding) principle schematic for the present invention.Among the figure, 1a, 1b are by the weldering mother metal; 2a, 2b are for stirring the shaft shoulder; 3 is mixing needle; 4 is friction stir district (weld seam); 5 is to be welded of mother metal; V is the stirring-head moving direction; ω is the stirring-head direction of rotation; P is a welding pressure.
Fig. 3 is used for subtend agitating friction solid material modification theory schematic diagram for the present invention.1a is a material (mother metal) for the treatment of modification; 2a, 2b are for stirring the shaft shoulder; 3 is mixing needle; 4 is the friction stir district; 5 ' is the mother metal modified zone; V is the stirring-head moving direction; ω is the stirring-head direction of rotation; P is for stirring pressure.
Fig. 4 is used for subtend agitating friction solid-state machinery alloying or preparation composite principle schematic for the present invention.1a, 1b are the mother metal (raw material) that is used to prepare alloy; 2a, 2b are for stirring the shaft shoulder; 3 is mixing needle; 4 is the friction stir district; 5 " be the alloying district; V is the stirring-head moving direction; ω is the stirring-head direction of rotation; P stirs pressure.
The subtend agitating friction device structure schematic diagram that Fig. 5 adopts for the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 2, utilizes the subtend agitating friction equipment welding aluminum alloy shown in the accompanying drawing 5, and the thickness of aluminium alloy is 200 millimeters.This equipment mainly is made up of control system, drive system, pressure system, subtend stirring-head (comprising mixing needle) and workbench.The action of entire equipment is controlled by control system; Pressure system provides needed pressure in the agitating friction process, comprises stirring pressure and the required squeeze pressure of movable workbench that stirring-head is required; Mobile, the location of the rotary speed of stirring-head and workbench are realized by drive system by control system; Workbench is mainly used to fixed sample.The core component of this equipment is to have two coaxial subtend stirring-heads.
Concrete welding process is as follows:
(1) solder side of the aluminium alloy of process processing is docking together, and is fixed on the rigidity jig of workbench;
(2) mixing needle is contained in the last stirring-head shown in Figure 5, at a high speed rotation and insert until perforation subsequently along the surface to be welded of aluminium alloy, and go up and stir the shaft shoulder and contact with the upper surface for the treatment of weldment tightly;
(3) other end of the mixing needle that connects is fixed on down in the stirring-head, and the stirring shaft shoulder is contacted with the lower surface for the treatment of weldment tightly;
(4) adjusting control appliance makes stirring-head rotate with ω=100-3000 rev/min speed, after the stirring area for the treatment of aluminium alloy reaches certain temperature, drive workbench the surface to be welded of aluminium alloy is moved with respect to stirring-head, translational speed V=0.01-50 rice/minute, welding pressure P=10-400MPa;
(5) after welding finishes, unclamp following stirring-head rapidly, and stirring-head withdraws from mixing needle on promoting from aluminium alloy.
Specific embodiment is as follows:
(1) aluminium alloy is fixed on the rigidity jig of workbench;
(2) mixing needle is contained in the last stirring-head shown in the accompanying drawing 5, until perforation, the stirring shaft shoulder of stirring-head is contacted tightly with the upper surface of aluminium alloy in high speed rotation subsequently and the insertion aluminium alloy;
(3) other end of the mixing needle that connects is fixed on down in the stirring-head, and the stirring shaft shoulder is contacted with the lower surface of aluminium alloy tightly;
(4) adjusting control appliance makes stirring-head rotate with ω=100-3000 rev/min speed, after the stirring area for the treatment of aluminium alloy rises to certain temperature, drive workbench aluminium alloy is moved relative to stirring-head, translational speed V=0.01-50 rice/minute, stir pressure P=10-400MPa;
(5) treat that stirring-head moves to the distance that sets after, change the moving direction of stirring-head, stirring-head is back pushed along former stirring trace;
(6) according to the grain size size of the alloy of desire preparation, repeat said process (4), (5), up to obtaining required crystallite dimension;
(7) unclamp following stirring-head rapidly, and stirring-head withdraws from mixing needle on promoting from aluminium alloy.
Embodiment 3, as shown in Figure 4, adopt Mg, Al sheet material, utilize subtend agitating friction equipment shown in Figure 5 to prepare Mg-Al alloy (solid-state Mixing Machine alloying), and the thickness of magnesium, aluminium plate raw material is 80 millimeters.
Specific embodiment is as follows:
(1) magnesium, aluminium plate are stacked together and are fixed on the rigidity jig of workbench;
(2) mixing needle is fixed in the last stirring-head shown in Figure 5, until perforation, the stirring shaft shoulder of stirring-head is contacted tightly with the upper surface of laminated material in high speed rotation subsequently and the insertion laminated sheet material;
(3) other end of the mixing needle that connects is fixed on down in the stirring-head, and the stirring shaft shoulder is contacted with the lower surface of laminated material tightly;
(4) adjusting control appliance makes stirring-head rotate with ω=100-3000 rev/min speed, after treating that stirring area reaches certain temperature, drive workbench the lamination raw material is moved with respect to stirring-head, translational speed V=0.01-10 rice/minute, stir pressure P=10-400MPa;
(5) treat that stirring-head moves to the distance that sets after, change the moving direction of stirring-head, stirring-head is back moved along former stirring trace;
(6) repeat said process (4), (5), up in stirring area, obtaining required alloy;
(7) unclamp following stirring-head rapidly, and stirring-head withdraws from mixing needle on promoting from raw material.
Claims (7)
1, the welding of subtend agitating friction, material modification and preparation method is characterized in that: the mixing needle that adopts two coaxial symmetrical stirring-heads and a perforation is as workpiece, and mixing needle is fixed on the axial of two stirring-heads, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) treating that weldment or raw material are fixed on the workbench with the rigidity anchor clamps;
(2) mixing needle is contained in the stirring-head, rotates at a high speed stirring-head subsequently and along treating that weldment or raw material insert until perforation, and go up and stir the shaft shoulder and contact with treating weldment or raw-material upper surface tightly;
(3) other end of the mixing needle that connects is fixed on down in the stirring-head, and the stirring shaft shoulder is contacted with treating weldment or raw-material lower surface tightly;
(4) stirring-head is rotated at a high speed, the shaft shoulder of utilization stirring simultaneously treats weldment or raw material apply certain stirring pressure.After treating that weldment or raw-material stirring area reach certain temperature, surface to be welded or the raw material for the treatment of weldment are pushed forward with respect to stirring-head, thereby form joint or make the raw material modification or preparation composite or make and carry out alloying between the raw material and prepare high performance alloys.
2, subtend agitating friction according to claim 1 welding, material modification and preparation method is characterized in that: the speed of the high speed of stirring-head rotation is ω=100-3000 rev/min in above-mentioned steps (2) and the step (4).
3, subtend agitating friction according to claim 1 welding, material modification and preparation method is characterized in that: the extrusion speed of agitating friction forward in the above-mentioned steps (4) be 0.01-50 rice/minute.
4, subtend agitating friction according to claim 1 welding, material modification and preparation method is characterized in that: the stirring pressure in the above-mentioned steps (4) is 10-400MPa.
5, subtend agitating friction according to claim 1 welding, material modification and preparation method is characterized in that: the degree of depth of stirring area depends on the length of mixing needle in the above-mentioned steps (4).
6, subtend agitating friction according to claim 1 welding, material modification and preparation method is characterized in that: described weldment or the raw material treated are metal material or plastics or composite.
7, according to claim 1 or 6 described subtend agitating friction welding, material modification and preparation method, it is characterized in that: described weldment mother metal or the raw-material thickness treated is the 1-500 millimeter.
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| CN 200410009120 CN1701892A (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2004-05-24 | Opposite stirring friction welding, material modification and preparation method |
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| CN 200410009120 CN1701892A (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2004-05-24 | Opposite stirring friction welding, material modification and preparation method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101970167A (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2011-02-09 | 美铝公司 | Advanced multi-shouldered fixed bobbin tools for simultaneous friction stir welding of multiple parallel walls between parts |
| CN102481659A (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2012-05-30 | 三菱日立制铁机械株式会社 | Both- side friction stir bonding method, bonding device, bonding method of metal plate in cold rolling facility and cold rolling facility |
| CN101342635B (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2012-07-18 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Apparatus for welding upper and lower plates of metal separating plate of fuel cell |
| CN105039670A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-11 | 东北大学 | Device and method for processing ultrafine-grained plate through double-sided stirring and friction |
| CN114367734A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-04-19 | 黄山学院 | Optimized process method for friction stir processing modification of surface layer of self-adaptive plate |
-
2004
- 2004-05-24 CN CN 200410009120 patent/CN1701892A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101342635B (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2012-07-18 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Apparatus for welding upper and lower plates of metal separating plate of fuel cell |
| CN101970167A (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2011-02-09 | 美铝公司 | Advanced multi-shouldered fixed bobbin tools for simultaneous friction stir welding of multiple parallel walls between parts |
| CN102481659A (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2012-05-30 | 三菱日立制铁机械株式会社 | Both- side friction stir bonding method, bonding device, bonding method of metal plate in cold rolling facility and cold rolling facility |
| CN102481659B (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2014-09-03 | 三菱日立制铁机械株式会社 | Both-side friction stir bonding method, bonding device, bonding method of metal plate in cold rolling facility and cold rolling facility |
| CN105039670A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-11 | 东北大学 | Device and method for processing ultrafine-grained plate through double-sided stirring and friction |
| CN114367734A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-04-19 | 黄山学院 | Optimized process method for friction stir processing modification of surface layer of self-adaptive plate |
| CN114367734B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-10-28 | 黄山学院 | Optimized process method for friction stir processing modification of surface layer of self-adaptive plate |
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