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CN1701499A - Apparatus and method for charging and discharging a capacitor to a predetermined set point - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for charging and discharging a capacitor to a predetermined set point Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1701499A
CN1701499A CN03820972.1A CN03820972A CN1701499A CN 1701499 A CN1701499 A CN 1701499A CN 03820972 A CN03820972 A CN 03820972A CN 1701499 A CN1701499 A CN 1701499A
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smart material
voltage
equipment
charging
material actuator
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唐纳德·丸德思路易斯
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Viking Technologies L C
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
    • H02N2/0075—Electrical details, e.g. drive or control circuits or methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/802—Circuitry or processes for operating piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices not otherwise provided for, e.g. drive circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus using electrically stimulated smart material requires a power source to stimulate the material. This power source has three main functions, (1) to apply a known voltage potential across the smart material, (2) to convert from the control voltage to a level suitable for the smart material, and (3) to regulate the voltage based on a control input. The power source is a DC to DC converter with special properties achieved by supplying a variable stimulating voltage or actively discharging the actuator. The circuit also provides a dead band, or hysteresis, between the charge point and discharge point. When this circuit is applied with a proportional, mechanically leveraged smart material actuator, a general-purpose industrial actuator becomes a cost-effective solution.

Description

用于使电容器充电和放电至一个 预定设置点的设备和方法Apparatus and method for charging and discharging a capacitor to a predetermined set point

相关申请的交叉参考Cross References to Related Applications

本申请是2002年9月5日申请的美国临时申请号为60/408468的专利申请的继续，该专利申请被包括在此作为参考。本申请和2002年9月5日美国临时申请号为60/408277的关于使电容器充电和放电的设备和方法的专利申请的继续有关。This application is a continuation of US Provisional Application No. 60/408,468, filed September 5, 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to a continuation of US Provisional Application No. 60/408,277, filed September 5, 2002, relating to apparatus and methods for charging and discharging capacitors.

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及用于控制成比例的基于灵巧材料的通用致动器的电子方法和电路。The present invention relates to electronic methods and circuits for controlling proportional smart material-based universal actuators.

背景技术Background technique

正在研发被广泛应用的致动器技术。一个例子包括响应电激励而改变形状的具有机械杠杆的灵巧材料致动器。所述形状的改变和输入电压成比例。因为可以使这种形状的改变主要沿着一个轴线进行，这种致动器可用于在相关的包括和一些主支撑结构组合的杠杆的机械系统上进行操作。轴向位移的改变被杠杆放大，从而形成具有有用的数量的位移和力的致动器。这种位移和力对于通用的工业阀门、夹具、饮料自动售货机、压缩机或泵、制动器、门锁、继电器、电路断路器、以及借助于包括电磁线圈、电动机或和各种传动装置组合的电动机的其它应用是有用的。不过，灵巧材料，具体地说压电材料，需要数百伏电压才能致动和产生位移。这种类型的电压可能是不容易得到的，并且可能必须得自较低的电压例如由电池得到的电压。Widely used actuator technologies are being developed. One example includes smart material actuators with mechanical levers that change shape in response to electrical excitation. The change in shape is proportional to the input voltage. Since this change of shape can be made primarily along one axis, such an actuator can be used to operate on an associated mechanical system comprising a lever in combination with some main support structure. The change in axial displacement is amplified by the lever, creating an actuator with useful amounts of displacement and force. This displacement and force is essential for general industrial valves, fixtures, beverage vending machines, compressors or pumps, brakes, door locks, relays, circuit breakers, and Other applications of the electric motor are useful. However, smart materials, specifically piezoelectric materials, require hundreds of volts to actuate and generate displacement. This type of voltage may not be readily available and may have to be derived from a lower voltage such as that obtained from a battery.

压电材料的另一个特征是，这些材料本质上是容性的。此外，一个致动器通常使用3个单独的信号被控制：控制信号，主电源和地。Another characteristic of piezoelectric materials is that these materials are capacitive in nature. Furthermore, an actuator is usually controlled using 3 separate signals: control signal, mains power and ground.

发明内容Contents of the invention

一种使电容器充电和放电至预定设置点的设备包括灵巧材料致动器和用于以成比例方式操作所述灵巧材料致动器的压控直流(DC)-DC变换器。所述压控DC-DC变换器可以进一步包括以具有180度相位差的推挽驱动信号和变压器的一次线圈相连的自振荡驱动电路。压控DC-DC变换器还可以包括在变压器上的辅助线圈。DC-DC变换器还可以包括一个连附的二极管整流器，用于由变压器上的二次线圈的AC信号产生DC电压，以及用于电压调节的电压反馈网络。An apparatus for charging and discharging a capacitor to a predetermined set point includes a smart material actuator and a voltage controlled direct current (DC)-DC converter for operating the smart material actuator in a proportional manner. The voltage-controlled DC-DC converter may further include a self-oscillating drive circuit connected with a push-pull drive signal with a phase difference of 180 degrees to the primary coil of the transformer. A voltage controlled DC-DC converter may also include an auxiliary winding on the transformer. The DC-DC converter may also include an attached diode rectifier for generating a DC voltage from the AC signal on the secondary winding of the transformer, and a voltage feedback network for voltage regulation.

压控DC-DC变换器可以进一步包括控制电路，用于停止和启动自振荡机制，并且在输入级还可以以一个二极管为特征，用于反极性保护。此外，控制电路还可以包括波纹电感器和旁路电容器，用于抑制发出的EMI进入系统的电源。The voltage controlled DC-DC converter may further include control circuitry for stopping and starting the self-oscillating mechanism and may also feature a diode at the input stage for reverse polarity protection. In addition, the control circuit can also include ripple inductors and bypass capacitors to suppress emitted EMI from entering the system's power supply.

本发明的另一个特征包括灵巧材料驱动电路，用于分别响应和电源的连接与断开使所述灵巧材料致动器充电和放电。用于主动地(actively)控制灵巧材料致动器的充电和放电的至少一个的驱动电路可以响应一个控制信号。Another feature of the invention includes smart material drive circuitry for charging and discharging said smart material actuator in response to connecting and disconnecting a power source, respectively. A drive circuit for actively controlling at least one of charging and discharging of the smart material actuator may be responsive to a control signal.

还有用于使电容器充电和放电至一个预定设置点的本发明的另一个实施例包括灵巧材料致动器，可以和所述灵巧材料致动器连接的电源，以及用于响应和电源的连接的除去，使灵巧材料致动器主动地放电的开关电路。用于使灵巧材料致动器主动地充电的开关电路可以进一步响应连接电源或者一个控制信号输入。开关电路可以响应一个控制信号主动地控制所述灵巧材料致动器的充电和放电至少之一，并且可以进一步包括电压比较器和场效应晶体管(FET)，用于控制DC-DC变换器。按照本发明，所述开关可以具有三种操作方式：对负载充电，保持负载以及使负载放电。因而，按照本发明的用于使电容器充电和放电至一个预定设置点的方法包括以下步骤：提供一种灵巧材料致动器，以及利用压控DC-DC变换器以比例方式操作所述灵巧材料致动器。按照本发明的用于使电容器充电和放电至一个预定设置点的另一种方法包括以下步骤：提供一种灵巧材料致动器，连接一个电源到所述灵巧材料致动器，以及利用一个开关电路响应和所述电源的连接的除去使所述灵巧材料致动器放电。Yet another embodiment of the invention for charging and discharging a capacitor to a predetermined set point includes a smart material actuator, a power source connectable to said smart material actuator, and a power source for connection to the power source. Eliminate the switching circuitry that actively discharges the smart material actuator. The switching circuitry for actively charging the smart material actuator may further be responsive to connected power or a control signal input. The switching circuit may actively control at least one of charging and discharging of the smart material actuator in response to a control signal, and may further include voltage comparators and field effect transistors (FETs) for controlling the DC-DC converter. According to the invention, the switch can have three modes of operation: charging the load, holding the load and discharging the load. Thus, a method according to the present invention for charging and discharging a capacitor to a predetermined set point comprises the steps of providing a smart material actuator and operating said smart material in a proportional manner using a voltage controlled DC-DC converter actuator. Another method for charging and discharging a capacitor to a predetermined set point in accordance with the present invention includes the steps of providing a smart material actuator, connecting a power source to the smart material actuator, and utilizing a switch A circuit discharges the smart material actuator in response to removal of the connection to the power source.

利用电子设计和仿真软件以及电路的原型设计，可以使用数量最少的元件，同时保持成本效果好和低功率消耗。这种电子子系统，当和具有机械杠杆的灵巧材料致动器耦连时，形成一种商业上可行的技术解决方案，用于通常的应用和工业应用。Utilizing electronic design and simulation software and prototyping circuits, it is possible to use a minimum number of components while maintaining cost-effectiveness and low power consumption. This electronic subsystem, when coupled with a smart material actuator with a mechanical lever, forms a commercially viable technical solution for general and industrial applications.

对于本领域技术人员，当结合附图阅读下面的用于实施本发明的最好方式的说明时，将会清楚地看出本发明的其它应用。Other applications of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art when the following description of the best mode for carrying out the invention is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

附图说明Description of drawings

本说明参照附图进行，在所有附图中，相同的标号表示相同的部件，其中：This description proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals refer to like parts throughout, in which:

图1是应用本发明的具有主动调节的压控DC-DC变换器的电子原理图；Fig. 1 is the electronic schematic diagram of the voltage-controlled DC-DC converter with active adjustment of the present invention;

图2是本发明的DC-DC变换器的电子原理图；Fig. 2 is the electronic schematic diagram of DC-DC converter of the present invention;

图3是本发明的电子开关的电子原理图，表示当开关闭合时的电流；Fig. 3 is the electronic principle diagram of electronic switch of the present invention, represents the electric current when switch is closed;

图4是本发明的电子开关的电子原理图，表示当开关打开时的电流；以及Figure 4 is an electronic schematic diagram of the electronic switch of the present invention, showing the current flow when the switch is open; and

图5是本发明的控制电路的电子原理图。Fig. 5 is an electronic schematic diagram of the control circuit of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

图1表示用于控制比例的具有机械杠杆的灵巧材料致动器(未示出)的系统10的电子原理图，包括和开关电路44耦连的专用电源12和控制电路64。1 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a system 10 for controlling a proportional smart material actuator (not shown) with a mechanical lever, including a dedicated power supply 12 coupled to a switching circuit 44 and a control circuit 64 .

按照优选实施例，图1的专用电源10是DC-DC变换器，开关电路和控制电路，其通过操作或者提供可变的激励电压或者使致动器放电。由图2可以最好地看出，DC-DC变换器12(图2中12被省略了)包括和波纹电感器16相连的电源电压14，波纹电感器向反向保护二极管18馈电。波纹电感器16作为滤波器用于除去由和电源电压14相连的负正负(NPN)晶体管20的集电极产生的噪声。NPN晶体管20和NPN晶体管22形成用于变压器24的推挽驱动器。电阻26，28，30和32形成电阻分压器，用于设置NPN晶体管20和22的基本偏置点。According to a preferred embodiment, the dedicated power supply 10 of FIG. 1 is a DC-DC converter, a switching circuit and a control circuit, which operate to either provide a variable excitation voltage or discharge an actuator. As best seen in FIG. 2 , a DC-DC converter 12 ( 12 is omitted in FIG. 2 ) includes a supply voltage 14 connected to a ripple inductor 16 which feeds a reverse protection diode 18 . Ripple inductor 16 acts as a filter to remove noise generated by the collector of a negative-positive-negative (NPN) transistor 20 connected to supply voltage 14 . NPN transistor 20 and NPN transistor 22 form a push-pull driver for transformer 24 . Resistors 26 , 28 , 30 and 32 form a resistive voltage divider for setting the base bias point for NPN transistors 20 and 22 .

变压器24不仅绕有一次线圈24a和二次线圈24b，而且还绕有辅助线圈24c。辅助线圈24c，变压器24，电阻34，36，28和电容器38，40形成反馈装置，用于引起NPN晶体管20，22的基极上的振荡。所述振荡在两个NPN晶体管20，22之间具有180度相位差，从而形成自振荡推挽变压器驱动器。变压器24的二次线圈24b和整流器42相连。应当注意，当晶体管22的基极接地时，自振荡机制停止。当接地被除去时，重新启动自振荡机制。如图1所示，当开关电路44被控制时，能够主动地控制加于容性负载的电压。The transformer 24 is wound not only with a primary coil 24a and a secondary coil 24b but also with an auxiliary coil 24c. Auxiliary winding 24c, transformer 24, resistors 34, 36, 28 and capacitors 38, 40 form feedback means for inducing oscillations on the bases of NPN transistors 20,22. The oscillation has a 180 degree phase difference between the two NPN transistors 20, 22, forming a self-oscillating push-pull transformer driver. The secondary coil 24b of the transformer 24 is connected to the rectifier 42 . It should be noted that when the base of transistor 22 is grounded, the self-oscillating mechanism stops. When ground is removed, the self-oscillating mechanism is restarted. As shown in FIG. 1, when the switching circuit 44 is controlled, the voltage applied to the capacitive load can be actively controlled.

控制电路64监视控制电压和输出电压，并决定使DC-DC变换器接通，或者使放电开关接通，或者在容性负载上保持当前的电压值。该系统中包括万一电源电压被除去则强制容性负载接地的装置。The control circuit 64 monitors the control voltage and the output voltage, and decides to turn on the DC-DC converter, or turn on the discharge switch, or maintain the current voltage value on the capacitive load. Included in the system are means to force the capacitive load to ground in case the supply voltage is removed.

现在参见图3，其中示出了和图1的原理图分离的开关电路44，以便更好地说明当其闭合时的操作特征。当开关48闭合时，电流从电源50通过开关48经过波纹电感器52对容性负载54充电。此外，电流还流入电阻分压器网络56，驱动NPN晶体管58导通，其使得NPN达林对60截止。充电速率由电源的阻抗和负载54的电容决定。电阻62和NPN晶体管58作为被转换的功率和控制信号之间的电平转换器，因此被转换的功率和控制信号不必具有相同的电压值。Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown the switch circuit 44 separated from the schematic diagram of FIG. 1 to better illustrate its operational characteristics when closed. When switch 48 is closed, current flows from source 50 through switch 48 through ripple inductor 52 to charge capacitive load 54 . In addition, current also flows into resistive divider network 56 , driving NPN transistor 58 on, which turns NPN Darling pair 60 off. The charge rate is determined by the impedance of the source and the capacitance of the load 54 . Resistor 62 and NPN transistor 58 act as a level shifter between the converted power and control signals, so the converted power and control signals do not have to have the same voltage value.

现在参见图4，其中示出了当开关48打开时在开关电路44中的电流。当开关48打开时，没有电流从电源50流出。电流也通过开关48流入电阻分压器网络56到地，驱动NPN晶体管58截止，其使NPN达林对60导通，从而使电流通过电阻46流动而使容性负载54放电。放电的速率由电阻46的值和容性负载54决定。电阻62和NPN晶体管58作为被转换的功率和控制信号之间的电平转换器，因此被转换的功率和控制信号不必具有相同的电压值。Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown the current flow in switching circuit 44 when switch 48 is open. When switch 48 is open, no current flows from power supply 50 . Current also flows through switch 48 into resistive divider network 56 to ground, driving NPN transistor 58 off which turns on NPN Darling pair 60 , allowing current to flow through resistor 46 to discharge capacitive load 54 . The rate of discharge is determined by the value of resistor 46 and capacitive load 54 . Resistor 62 and NPN transistor 58 act as a level shifter between the converted power and control signals, so the converted power and control signals do not have to have the same voltage value.

现在参见图5，其中示出了隔离的图1的控制电路64，以便更好地说明电路64的操作特征。模拟的控制电压通过电阻66引入，并被齐纳二极管68箝位为一个预定的电压值，使得不会破坏运算放大器70的输入。此外，电阻66是电阻分压器网络72的一部分。网络72导出两个电压：一个电压是用于切断DC-DC变换器12的参考，另一个是用于使容性负载主动放电的参考。运算放大器70以电压比较器的方式被使用，其和DC-DC变换器12的切断方式相关。运算放大器74以电压比较器的方式被使用，其和DC-DC变换器12主动放电方式相关。电阻76，78，80形成第二电阻电压分压器网络。这个网络监视容性负载的电压，并导出运算放大器70、74和由电阻66、72导出的电压相比较的电压。当在运算放大器70的正端的电压大于负端的电压时，放大器的输出为正饱和状态，使FET晶体管82导通，使得DC-DC变换器停止。Referring now to FIG. 5 , the control circuit 64 of FIG. 1 is shown in isolation to better illustrate the operational characteristics of the circuit 64 . The analog control voltage is introduced through resistor 66 and clamped by Zener diode 68 to a predetermined voltage value so as not to corrupt the input of operational amplifier 70 . Additionally, resistor 66 is part of a resistor divider network 72 . The network 72 derives two voltages: one voltage is a reference for switching off the DC-DC converter 12 and the other is a reference for actively discharging the capacitive load. The operational amplifier 70 is used as a voltage comparator, which is related to the way the DC-DC converter 12 is switched off. The operational amplifier 74 is used as a voltage comparator, which is associated with the active discharge of the DC-DC converter 12 . Resistors 76, 78, 80 form a second resistive voltage divider network. This network monitors the voltage across the capacitive load and derives a voltage which is compared by the operational amplifiers 70,74 to the voltage derived by the resistors 66,72. When the voltage at the positive terminal of operational amplifier 70 is greater than the voltage at the negative terminal, the output of the amplifier is in positive saturation, turning on FET transistor 82 and stopping the DC-DC converter.

当在运算放大器70的负端的电压大于正端的电压时，放大器的输出成为负饱和状态，使FET晶体管82截止，使得DC-DC变换器运行。当运算放大器74的正端的电压大于负端的电压时，放大器的输出成为正饱和状态，使FET晶体管84导通，引起容性负载的主动放电。当在运算放大器74的负端的电压大于正端的电压时，放大器的输出成为负饱和状态，使FET晶体管84截止。在这个系统中，具有3种不同的状态，(1)DC-DC变换器接通，并且容性负载放电开关打开，(2)DC-DC变换器断开，并且容性负载放电开关打开，以及(3)DC-DC变换器断开，并且容性负载放电开关接通。When the voltage at the negative terminal of operational amplifier 70 is greater than the voltage at the positive terminal, the output of the amplifier goes into negative saturation, turning off FET transistor 82 and allowing the DC-DC converter to operate. When the voltage of the positive terminal of the operational amplifier 74 is greater than the voltage of the negative terminal, the output of the amplifier becomes a positive saturation state, and the FET transistor 84 is turned on, causing active discharge of the capacitive load. When the voltage at the negative terminal of operational amplifier 74 is greater than the voltage at the positive terminal, the output of the amplifier goes into negative saturation, turning FET transistor 84 off. In this system, there are 3 different states, (1) the DC-DC converter is on and the capacitive load discharge switch is on, (2) the DC-DC converter is off and the capacitive load discharge switch is on, And (3) the DC-DC converter is turned off, and the capacitive load discharge switch is turned on.

在图1，2，3，4，和5所示的实施例中，按照电流承载能力、电压定额以及元件类型选择了不同的元件。其它合适的元件可以包括FET小信号和功率晶体管，线绕电阻、薄膜电阻和碳合成电阻，陶瓷、钽和薄膜电容器，线绕的以及低温共烧(cofired)陶瓷变压器，或者通常用于大量生产的合适元件的任何组合。虽然作为例子给出的这些材料提供优异的性能，但是根据不同的应用要求，可以使用元件的其它的组合。同样，给出的实施例说明在市场上可得到的元件。In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, different elements are selected according to current carrying capacity, voltage rating, and element type. Other suitable components may include FET small signal and power transistors, wire wound, thin film and carbon composite resistors, ceramic, tantalum and film capacitors, wire wound and low temperature cofired ceramic transformers, or generally used in mass production any combination of suitable elements. While these materials are given as examples to provide excellent performance, other combinations of elements may be used depending on the requirements of the application. Again, the examples given illustrate commercially available elements.

虽然本发明结合目前认为是最优选的实施例进行了说明，应当理解，本发明不限于所披露的实施例，与此相反，应当覆盖被包括在所附权利要求的构思和范围内的各种改变和等效结构，权利要求的范围应当给予最宽的解释，使得包括法律允许的所有的改型和等效结构。Although the present invention has been described in connection with what are presently considered to be the most preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary covers various forms which are included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Modifications and equivalent structures, the scope of claims should be given the broadest interpretation so as to include all modifications and equivalent structures permitted by law.

Claims (42)

1. equipment that is used to make the capacitive load charging and is discharged to predetermined set point comprises:
The smart material actuator; And
Be used for operating the voltage-controlled DC-DC converter of described smart material actuator in proportional mode.
2. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said voltage-controlled DC-DC converter further comprise the self-oscillation drive circuit of recommending drive signal and linking to each other with the primary winding of transformer that has with 180 degree phase differences.
3. equipment as claimed in claim 2, voltage-controlled DC-DC converter also is included in the ancillary coil on the described transformer.
4. equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein said voltage-controlled DC-DC converter also is included in the secondary coil on the described transformer.
5. equipment as claimed in claim 4, wherein said voltage-controlled DC-DC converter also comprises an attached diode rectifier, is used for producing dc voltage by the AC signal of the secondary coil on the transformer.
6. equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein said voltage-controlled DC-DC converter also comprises the Voltage Feedback network that is used for voltage-regulation.
7. equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein said voltage-controlled DC-DC converter also comprises 2 NPN transistor that limit a push-pull transformer driver.
8. equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein said voltage-controlled DC-DC converter also comprises control circuit, is used to stop and starts self-oscillation mechanism.
9. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said voltage-controlled DC-DC converter also is included in a diode on the input stage, is used for the reverse polarity protection.
10. equipment as claimed in claim 1, described converter also comprises ripple inductor and by-pass capacitor, is used to the EMI that suppresses to send, makes it not enter the power supply of system.
11. equipment as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the smart material drive circuit, is used for responding respectively with being connected with disconnection of power supply making described smart material actuator charging and discharge.
12. equipment as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the smart material drive circuit, is used to respond a control signal and controls the charging of smart material actuator and at least one of discharge on one's own initiative.
13. equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein said transformer are the core constructions of wire-wound.
14. equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein said transformer are the LTCC structures.
15. an equipment that is used to make the capacitor charging and is discharged to predetermined set point comprises:
The smart material actuator;
The power supply that can be connected with described smart material actuator; And
Response and described power supply be connected remove the switching circuit that is used for initiatively making the smart material actuator to discharge.
16. equipment as claimed in claim 15 comprises that also response connects described power supply, is used for initiatively making the switching circuit of smart material actuator charging.
17. equipment as claimed in claim 15 also comprises control signal of response, is used for the switching circuit of described smart material actuator charging of ACTIVE CONTROL and discharge.
18. equipment as claimed in claim 15 also comprises control signal of response, is used for the charging and the discharge switching circuit one of at least of the described smart material actuator of ACTIVE CONTROL.
19. equipment as claimed in claim 15, wherein said switch also comprise voltage comparator and FET transistor, are used to control the DC-DC converter.
20. equipment as claimed in claim 19, described switch have three kinds of modes of operation:, keep load and make load discharge to the load charging.
21. equipment as claimed in claim 15, wherein said switch also comprise voltage comparator and FET transistor, are used to control the active discharge of described smart material actuator.
22. equipment as claimed in claim 21, described switch have three kinds of modes of operation:, keep load and make load discharge to the load charging.
23. a method that is used to make the capacitor charging and is discharged to predetermined set point may further comprise the steps:
A smart material actuator is provided; And
Utilize voltage-controlled DC-DC converter to operate described smart material actuator in proportional mode.
24. method as claimed in claim 23 also comprises with the drive signal with 180 degree phase differences connecting the step of a self-oscillation drive circuit to the primary winding of transformer.
25. method as claimed in claim 24 also is included in the step that ancillary coil is provided on the described converter.
26. method as claimed in claim 24 also is included in the step that secondary coil is provided on the described transformer.
27. method as claimed in claim 26 also comprises the step of an attached diode rectifier, is used for producing dc voltage by the AC signal of the secondary coil on the transformer.
28. method as claimed in claim 24 comprises that also feedback voltage signal is used for the step of voltage-regulation.
29. method as claimed in claim 24 also comprises the step of 2 NPN transistor that are provided for limiting a push-pull transformer driver.
30. method as claimed in claim 24 also comprises the step of utilizing control circuit to stop and starting self-oscillation mechanism.
31. method as claimed in claim 23, the diode that provides that also is included on the input stage is used for reverse polarity protection's step.
32. method as claimed in claim 23 comprises that also the EMI that utilizes ripple inductor and by-pass capacitor to suppress to send makes it not enter the step of power supply.
33. method as claimed in claim 23 also comprises responding being connected and disconnection of a power supply and a smart material drive circuit respectively, initiatively makes the step of described smart material actuator charging and discharge.
34. method as claimed in claim 23 also comprises and utilizes control signal of smart material drive circuit response, controls at least one step of the charging of smart material actuator and discharge on one's own initiative.
35. a method that is used to make the capacitor charging and is discharged to predetermined set point may further comprise the steps:
A kind of smart material actuator is provided;
Connect a power supply to described smart material actuator; And
Utilize response of switching circuit and described power supply be connected remove, described smart material actuator is discharged.
36. method as claimed in claim 35 also comprises and utilizes being connected of described switching circuit response and described power supply, the initiatively step that described smart material actuator is charged.
37. method as claimed in claim 35 also comprises and utilizes control signal input of described switching circuit response, the charging of the described smart material actuator of ACTIVE CONTROL and the step of discharge.
38. method as claimed in claim 35 also comprises and utilizes control signal of described switching circuit response, the step of one of the charging of the described smart material actuator of ACTIVE CONTROL and discharge.
39. method as claimed in claim 35 also comprises the step of utilizing voltage comparator and FET transistor controls DC-DC converter.
40. method as claimed in claim 39, wherein said switch have three kinds of modes of operation:, keep load and make load discharge to the load charging.
41. method as claimed in claim 35 also comprises the step of the active discharge that utilizes described switch to control described smart material actuator.
42. method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said switch have three kinds of modes of operation:, keep load and make load discharge to the load charging.
CN03820972.1A 2002-09-05 2003-07-30 Apparatus and method for charging and discharging a capacitor to a predetermined set point Pending CN1701499A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US40846802P 2002-09-05 2002-09-05
US60/408,468 2002-09-05

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JP (1) JP4421479B2 (en)
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JPH04507481A (en) * 1990-05-08 1992-12-24 キャタピラー インコーポレイテッド Piezoelectric actuator drive device
JPH0662585A (en) * 1992-08-04 1994-03-04 Fujitsu Ltd Piezoelectric element drive circuit
JP2758552B2 (en) * 1993-08-27 1998-05-28 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 Push-pull resonant switching power supply circuit
DE19733560B4 (en) * 1997-08-02 2007-04-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for charging and discharging a piezoelectric element
US5895998A (en) * 1997-09-18 1999-04-20 Raytheon Company Piezoelectric drive circuit
FR2796219B1 (en) * 1999-07-09 2001-09-21 Renault DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR
DE19944733B4 (en) * 1999-09-17 2007-01-04 Siemens Ag Device for controlling at least one capacitive actuator
ATE446590T1 (en) * 2000-04-01 2009-11-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING VOLTAGE AND VOLTAGE GRADIENTS FOR DRIVING A PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT
FR2813455B1 (en) * 2000-08-25 2003-07-25 Renault DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC, IN PARTICULAR FOR AN INJECTOR ACTUATOR OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

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WO2004023636A1 (en) 2004-03-18
CA2495486A1 (en) 2004-03-18
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AU2003257010A1 (en) 2004-03-29
JP2006512034A (en) 2006-04-06
CA2495486C (en) 2013-07-16

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