CN1782258B - A reinforced concrete three-dimensional load-bearing structure floor - Google Patents

Abstract

A reinforced concrete three-dimensional load-bearing structure floor, wherein the cavity formwork (3) includes an upper roof (4), surrounding side walls (5) and a lower bottom (6), the upper roof (4), surrounding side walls (5 ) and the lower bottom (6) are connected with each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity (7), the surrounding side walls (5) are superimposed with the cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribs (2), and there is at least one rod in the cavity (7) Part (8), the present invention is characterized in that the bar (8) in the cavity (7) is a curved bar, a broken line bar, a straight bar with equal section, a solid straight bar with variable section, a hollow bar with upper opening or a combination thereof, or The combination of variable cross-section hollow straight rods and the above-mentioned rods does not have an upper plate (1) of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, and the surrounding side walls (5) are wrapped with cast-in-place reinforced concrete. The upper roof (4) and lower bottom (6) are exposed at the same time, and the upper The top plate (4) and the lower bottom (6) have a bottom edge (18) picked out from at least one side of the surrounding side wall (5) at the same time. It is suitable for hollow concrete structures such as roofs and foundation slabs.

Description

A reinforced concrete three-dimensional load-bearing structure floor

This application is a divisional application of an invention patent application with an application date of April 30, 2002, an application number of 02117549.7, and a title of "a reinforced concrete three-dimensional load-bearing structure floor".

(1) Technical field

The invention relates to a reinforced concrete three-dimensional load-bearing structure floor.

(2) Background technology

At present, most buildings with brick-concrete structure and frame structure use prefabricated hollow-core slabs as floor slabs, which have the advantages of fast construction speed and low cost. However, because there is no firm connection between two adjacent prefabricated hollow slabs, only cement mortar is used to fill the joints, so the integrity is poor, which is not conducive to earthquake resistance, and cracks and water seepage often occur in the gaps. In order to solve the above problems, many buildings adopt the method of cast-in-place concrete floors (solid and hollow), which better solve the problems of earthquake resistance, cracking and water seepage, but the construction of such floors is relatively difficult and the cost is relatively high . With the development of construction technology and economy, higher requirements are put forward for the quality of buildings. More and more buildings adopt the technology of cast-in-place concrete floors, especially the technology of cast-in-place concrete hollow floors. Patent No. 93206310.1 is a utility model patent for "formwork components", which discloses a prefabricated filling component for industrial and civil buildings with ribbed cavity floors. It consists of an upper bottom, a lower bottom and side walls. The side wall, the upper bottom and the lower bottom form a fully enclosed cavity polyhedron structure, and reinforcing ribs are provided in the formwork shell to enhance the self-supporting strength of the formwork components, and the formwork itself is not easy to be damaged. When it is applied to the ribbed cavity floor, according to the design requirements, the formwork components are placed on the supports between the floors, a certain gap is left between the formwork components, the steel bars are arranged, and cement is poured. Together with the reinforced concrete, the shell members form an overall floor structure with very smooth upper and lower surfaces. The formwork members are both internal molds and filling supporting components in the floor, which saves trouble and is convenient for construction. However, this kind of formwork member is relatively heavy in weight and consumes a lot of materials because the internal reinforcement ribs are plate-type reinforcement ribs. At the same time, the plate-type reinforcement ribs only consider that the top plate of the formwork is not easy to be damaged or only meet the construction pressure resistance. Load requirements, without considering the design of the formwork as the main load-bearing component, combined with the cast-in-place concrete structure to form a structural system under common stress, to resist various complex external forces such as tension, compression, shear, torsion, and vibration . The European patent application with the European patent number EP0884427A2, the international patent classification number E04B5/21, and the title "A better solution for the concrete boxes normally used in the fungiform pavements" involves the use of recycled plastics to manufacture concrete cavity formwork, and The formwork is applied in concrete road engineering and concrete floor engineering. The formwork is composed of an upper roof, surrounding side walls and lower bottom. The upper roof, surrounding side walls and lower bottom are connected with each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity. Five hollow conical rods with downward openings are arranged in the cavity. The rods are injection molded together with the lower bottom and surrounding side walls, and the upper top plate is connected with the surrounding side walls by bolts to form a whole plastic mold shell. Similarly, this kind of plastic formwork only considers that the top plate of the formwork is not easy to be damaged or only meets the requirements of construction compressive loads. Although the hollow rods with conical downward openings can be conveniently stacked and transported, it does not consider the formwork. It is designed as the main load-bearing component and combined with the cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure to form a common three-dimensional force-bearing structural system to resist various complex external forces, especially the up-and-down pull force and horizontal shear force that cannot be resisted in the formwork. . Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of reinforced concrete three-dimensional load-bearing structure floor that can resist various complicated external forces and also has light weight and less material consumption.

(3) Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced concrete three-dimensional load-bearing structure floor, which can resist various complex external forces, and also has the characteristics of light weight, less material consumption, simple structure, and convenient construction.

The solution of the present invention is based on the prior art, including cast-in-place reinforced concrete upper slab, cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribs, cavity formwork, the cavity formworks are arranged at intervals, and there are cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribs on it. It is the upper plate of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, and the three are poured into a whole. The cavity formwork includes the upper roof, the surrounding side walls and the lower bottom. The upper roof, the surrounding side walls and the lower bottom are connected to each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity. The upper roof, the The surrounding side walls are respectively superimposed with the cast-in-place reinforced concrete upper plate and the cast-in-place reinforced concrete rib 2, and there is at least one rod in the cavity. The present invention is characterized in that the rods in the cavity are curved rods, Broken line rods, cables, straight rods with equal cross-sections, solid straight rods with variable cross-sections, hollow rods with upper openings or combinations thereof, or combinations of hollow straight rods with variable cross-sections and the above-mentioned rods. Among them, the curved rod is more suitable for the arched force in the formwork; the broken line rod is more suitable for the special-shaped formwork; the cable is more suitable for tension, and if the sheath cable is used, its durability is better; the straight rod saves material, The force transmission is direct, its tensile and compressive properties are excellent, and prestress can also be applied; the hollow rod with the opening on the upper side can integrate the cast-in-place concrete with the stressed rods in the formwork to form a common stressed structure embedded in each other. The hollow rod with variable cross-section should not be used alone, and it is better to be used in combination with others. Therefore, the present invention can resist various complex external forces such as pulling, compressing, shearing and torsion, and forms a dark net frame force transmission structure in the cavity of the floor, which is shock-resistant, vibration-resistant, concentrated load-resistant, and crack-resistant The performance is greatly improved, correspondingly, the steel content and concrete consumption of the floor can be reduced, and the plane rigidity of the floor can be improved. At the same time, it also has the characteristics of light weight, less material consumption, simple structure, and convenient construction. The purpose of the present invention is achieved. The invention is also applicable to hollow concrete structures such as roofs, foundation bottom plates, concrete walls and bridges.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one triangular member truss unit composed of multiple rods or more than two connecting rods is arranged in the formwork cavity. In this way, since the triangular truss unit is a stable geometric shape, the strength and rigidity of the formwork are further improved, and the performance of the formwork participating in the force transmission of cast-in-place concrete is better, and the formwork is light in weight, consumes less material, and is stable. The performance is better, the strength and rigidity of the floor are increased accordingly, the weight is correspondingly reduced, and the material consumption is reduced.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one rod protruding from the formwork cavity in the cavity of the formwork, with a shaft or a rod end or exposed anchor ribs or exposed nets or meshes with convex and concave ratchet iron sheets or a combination of the above, And embedded in cast-in-place concrete. In this way, the bonding and embedding between the rods in the formwork shell and the cast-in-place concrete are better, and the bonding strength and cooperative workability of the joint interface between the prefabricated and cast-in-place concrete are better solved, so the floor Stress performance and overall performance are higher.

The present invention is also characterized in that a plurality of truss units or connecting rods or both in the formwork shell constitute a truss, and the truss units or connecting rods are orthogonal, oblique, parallel, curved joint, butt joint or three-dimensional space arrangement. Or the combination of the above, or at the same time, the height is staggered, and the truss formed is a cable-strut truss, a plane truss, a space truss, a three-dimensional truss, or a rod truss composed of quadrilaterals, pentagons, and hexagons consolidated by joints. In this way, the formwork used in the structural floor can be designed and combined according to actual needs, so as to meet the needs of different use occasions and different stress situations of different structural floors.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one inner or outer surface of the upper top plate or the surrounding side walls or the lower bottom or both or all of them has reinforcing ribs, the reinforcing ribs are hollow or solid, or the height and thickness are consistent or unequal. In this way, due to the reinforcing ribs, the strength and rigidity of the formwork are further improved, the embedding with the cast-in-situ concrete is firmer, and the performance of the formwork participating in force bearing and force transmission is better. Therefore, the strength and rigidity of the floor are higher, and the performance of force bearing and force transmission is better.

The present invention is also characterized in that there are reinforcements in the upper top plate, surrounding side walls, lower bottom, rods, and reinforcing ribs, and the reinforcements are fibers, fiber mesh cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabrics, steel bars, steel mesh, and steel wire mesh. , prestressed steel bars, unbonded prestressed bars or a combination thereof. In this way, because there are reinforcements in the formwork, the strength, stiffness and impact toughness of the formwork are greatly improved, and the overall force bearing and force transmission performance are greatly improved. Correspondingly, the overall force bearing, force transmission performance and overall performance of the floor are also improved. greatly improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that there are exposed anchor bars or exposed nets or mesh with convex and concave ratchet iron sheets or both or three protruding from the upper top plate or the lower bottom or both, and the cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribs Or the connection of the upper plate of cast-in-place reinforced concrete; or the upper roof or the lower bottom or both of which are picked out from at least one side of the surrounding side walls with a bottom edge, and the bottom edge picked out from the upper roof or the lower bottom constitutes the cast-in-place reinforced concrete Rib template. In this way, due to the exposed anchor bars or exposed nets, the bonding strength between the formwork and the cast-in-place concrete is greatly improved, and the integrity of the floor is greatly improved. The formwork for cast-in-place concrete ribs is omitted to save construction costs.

The present invention is also characterized in that the lower bottom or the lower bottom and the bottom edge of the upper top plate are zigzag, wavy, hypotenuse, or step-shaped, or the bottom edge also protrudes with exposed anchor ribs, exposed nets, Dew fiber silk, anti-crack mesh cloth, mesh with convex and concave ratchet iron sheet, dovetail iron sheet or pressed mesh iron sheet or their combination. In this way, the bond between the bottom edge of the formwork and the cast-in-place concrete is stronger and firmer, which can effectively prevent the generation of cracks, and thus the integrity of the floor is better.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one stiffening rib is arranged inside the mold shell, and the stiffening rib is solid or hollow, or has stiffening ribs on its side. In this way, the strength and rigidity of the formwork are further enhanced, and the overall force bearing and force transmission performance of the floor is further improved and enhanced.

The present invention is also characterized in that there are reinforcements in the stiffeners, and the reinforcements are fibers, fiber mesh cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabrics, steel bars, steel mesh, steel wire mesh, prestressed steel bars, or combinations thereof, or simultaneously The side wall or the upper roof protrudes from exposed anchor tendons or exposed nets or exposed ribs or a combination thereof. In this way, the strength and rigidity of the formwork are further enhanced, and at the same time, due to the exposed anchor bars or exposed mesh or exposed ribs, the bonding with the cast-in-place concrete is stronger, and its overall performance and mechanical performance are greatly improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one boss on at least one side wall around the mold shell, the boss is a solid boss or a hollow boss, or the hollow boss is also filled with lightweight materials, and the existing space between the mold shells The poured reinforced concrete ribs are truss ribs or truss web ribs. In this way, because of the boss, the amount of concrete is reduced, the weight of the whole floor is further reduced, and the construction cost is further reduced.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one bar in at least one boss, or there are exposed anchor ribs or exposed bar ends or a combination of the two on the boss or the bar, embedded in the cast-in-place steel bar In concrete. In this way, the rods in the boss participate in the stress of the truss-type cast-in-place concrete ribs, so that the stress performance of the floor is improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that the connection between the rods themselves or between the upper top board or the surrounding side wall or the lower bottom or between the surrounding side wall and the upper top board or the lower bottom is glued, welded, threaded, buckled, snapped. , riveting, hinged, perforated anchor connection or integral molding or a combination of the above. In this way, the manufacture of the formwork member is very convenient, easy to implement, low in cost, and the cost of the corresponding floor is also low.

The present invention is also characterized in that the outer surface of the upper top plate or the surrounding side walls or both is a corrugated, zigzag, indented, napped rough surface. In this way, the bonding force between the formwork member and the cast-in-situ concrete can be better improved, and the overall performance of the floor can be improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that the formwork formed by the upper top plate and the surrounding side walls is a layered structure of more than two layers in which one layer of cement, one layer of fiber or fiber cloth and one layer of cement are superimposed on each other. In this way, the formwork components are reinforced by fibers, which increases the strength and rigidity of the components, so the strength and rigidity of the floor are correspondingly improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that the formwork formed by the upper top plate or the surrounding side walls is a composite structure of single-sided or double-sided outer coating layers of the truss layer, or a composite structure of single-sided or double-sided outer coating layers of the honeycomb skeleton. In this way, the formwork is a hollow wall, so that the weight of the formwork is further reduced, the construction and transportation are more convenient, and the weight of the corresponding floor is reduced.

The present invention is also characterized in that the surfaces of the upper top plate, surrounding side walls, lower bottom plate, rods, reinforcing ribs, and stiffening ribs are fixed or pasted with reinforcing tape or reinforcing surface layer, and the reinforcing tape or reinforcing surface layer is metal plate, carbon fiber plate, Glass steel plate, fiber cloth, fiber mesh cloth or steel wire, or reinforced tape or reinforced surface layer also have anchor feet or holes. In this way, the overall strength and rigidity of the formwork are greatly improved, and the force bearing and force transmission performance of the floor are further improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that the rods are reinforced mortar rods, reinforced concrete rods, steel pipes, steel reinforced concrete rods, prestressed rods, bamboo rods, glass steel rods, GRC rods, carbon fiber rods, steel bars, plastic rods, straight seam metal rods Pipe, spiral seam metal pipe, steel wire mesh pipe, glass fiber cloth pipe, glass steel pipe, pipe with holes in pipe wall, metal-plastic composite pipe, hollow concrete mortar pipe, reinforced lightweight concrete pipe, concrete filled steel pipe, layered composite rod , Hollow tube filling or reinforced composite rod or their combination, its cross-sectional shape is circular, circular, square, prolate, hollow, bamboo hollow, L-shaped, groove-shaped, I-shaped, honeycomb hollow, Porous shape, variable cross-section shape, or its cross-section also decreases along the axis of the rod. In this way, there are many types of rods, which facilitates the design, construction and production of the formwork, and the cost is low, and the cost of the corresponding floor is also reduced.

The invention is also characterized in that the bar is an upper roof, a surrounding side wall, a lower bottom, or a rib thereon. Like this, owing to utilize upper top plate or lower end or the stiffener on it as bar, the two are combined into one, and bar is omitted, thereby the weight of formwork is further reduced, and the weight of corresponding floor is also lightened.

The present invention is also characterized in that the appearance shape of the three-dimensional formwork is a cuboid, a cube, a pentagon, a hexagon, a cylinder or a special shape. In this way, the design and construction of the floor are facilitated.

The present invention is also characterized in that one end of the three-dimensional formwork is thinner and the other end is thicker, or the lower bottom or the stiffener is thinner at one end and the other end is thicker. In this way, in the construction of the floor, the effective conversion thickness of the concrete can be increased by using this kind of formwork close to the walls, columns, and beams, and it is convenient for the design and construction of the floor.

The present invention is also characterized in that a handle or a hook is provided on the three-dimensional formwork. In this way, the handling and construction of the formwork components are facilitated during floor construction.

The present invention is also characterized in that draw hooks, drawing wires, hanging parts, embedded iron parts, sinkers, reserved holes, embedded conduits, junction boxes, water pipes, ventilation pipes or their combinations are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork, or the lower There are also holes for threading ribs or a combination of the above in the bottom. In this way, it is more convenient for the follow-up construction and decoration of the floor.

The present invention is also characterized in that the steel bars in the lower bottom or upper roof are connected to the steel bars in the bars or stiffeners. In this way, the integrity of the formwork components is better, and the integrity and mechanical properties of the corresponding floor are improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cavity is provided with a sound-insulating layer or filled with lightweight materials, and the lightweight materials are lightweight concrete or expanded perlite or expanded vermiculite or rock wool or foamed plastics. In this way, the thermal insulation, heat insulation, and sound insulation performance of the floor are greatly improved, and are suitable for occasions with thermal insulation, heat insulation, and sound insulation.

The present invention is also characterized in that the upper top board and the surrounding side walls are made of plastic film, plastic board, composite film, GRC board, metal profiled board, cement fiber board, honeycomb board, plexiglass steel plate, waterproof cardboard, sawdust board, reinforced concrete board, Steel mesh cement mortar board, fiber concrete board or fiber mortar board.

The present invention is also characterized in that the lower bottom is made of concrete, fiber concrete, cement mortar, cement fiber mortar, polymer concrete or the lower bottom simultaneously contains reinforcements.

The present invention is also characterized in that an anti-crack structure is provided on the lower part of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete rib near the lower bottom or above the picked out bottom edge. Iron sheet, anti-crack mesh cloth. In this way, the bond between cast-in-place and prefabricated concrete is stronger, which can effectively prevent floor cracks.

The present invention is also characterized in that the underside of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete rib is flush with the bottom surface of the lower bottom, forming a flat-bottomed cast-in-place reinforced concrete hidden rib; or the lower part of the cast-in-place concrete beam between the concrete columns, between the concrete column walls or between the walls It is flush with the lower bottom to form a flat-bottomed hidden beam.

The present invention is also characterized in that the prestressed tendons with or without bonding or bonded are passed through cast-in-place concrete ribs, cast-in-place concrete beams, cavity mold shells or holes for threading reinforcement at the bottom. In this way, the mechanical performance of the floor is better, and cracks can be effectively prevented, which is especially suitable for large-span floor structures.

型、U型、型、II型。这样，楼盖的受力性能更好，适用于大跨度楼盖结构。The present invention is also characterized in that there are shaped steels in the cast-in-place concrete ribs or in the cast-in-place concrete beams, the shaped steels are cold-formed steel, channel steel, and I-shaped steel, and the cold-formed steels are C-type, L-type,

type, U type, Type, Type II. In this way, the mechanical performance of the floor is better, and it is suitable for large-span floor structures.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is a bottom layer of cast-in-place reinforced concrete under the lower bottom of the cavity formwork, the upper plate of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, the ribs of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, and the bottom layer of cast-in-place reinforced concrete wrap the cavity formwork to form an inner space bar If there is no upper slab of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, cast-in-place reinforced concrete wraps the surrounding side walls, and the upper roof and lower bottom are exposed at the same time, forming a hollow reinforced concrete floor with grid rib mesh rods. Like this, this structural floor can be better applied to the wall structure.

4. Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention, and 1 is the upper plate of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, 2 is the rib of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, 3 is the cavity formwork, 4 is the top plate of cavity formwork 3, 5 is The surrounding side walls of the cavity formwork 3, 6 is the lower bottom of the cavity formwork 3, 7 is the closed cavity in the cavity formwork 3, and 8 is the rod in the closed cavity 7. As shown in Fig. 1, there are 7 straight rods of equal section in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which there are 4 curved rods in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention, in which there are multiple combinations of linear rods and cables in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention, in which a combination of multiple linear rods is contained in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention, in which there are at least one triangular bar truss unit 9 made of a plurality of bars 8 and more than two handovers in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3. Rod 10.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 6 of the present invention, in which there are at least one triangular bar truss unit 9 made of a plurality of bars 8 and more than two handovers in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3. Rod 10.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention. The hollow rod 8 provided in the formwork cavity 7 protrudes outwards with a rod end 11, and the cast-in-place concrete enters the hollow rod to form a composite rod, which is mutually embedded and fixed. , forming a cast-in-place prefabricated whole.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention. The rod 8 provided in the formwork cavity 7 protrudes outwards with a rod end 11 and exposed anchoring ribs 12. At the same time, there is an exposed net 13 on the formwork. Or mesh band convex and concave ratchet iron sheet 14.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 9 of the present invention, in which the rod 8 in the formwork cavity 7 exposes a rod body 11, and there are exposed anchor ribs 12 thereon.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 10 of the present invention, in which the truss 15 in the formwork cavity 7 is a three-dimensional truss, and there are rods 8 as diagonal braces.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 11 of the present invention, in which there are solid ribs 16 on the inner surface of the upper top plate 4, and the height and thickness are different.

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 12 of the present invention, on which there is a well-shaped reinforcing rib 16 on the lower bottom 6 .

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 13 of the present invention, in which there are fiber mesh cloth reinforcements 17 inside the upper top plate 4 and the surrounding side walls 5 .

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 14 of the present invention, in which there are exposed anchor ribs 12, exposed nets 13 or mesh with convex and concave ratchet iron sheets 14 protruding from the upper top plate 4, and the lower bottom 6 has a bottom edge 18 .

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 15 of the present invention, the bottom edge 18 of which the lower bottom 6 picks out is hypotenuse-shaped, and also protrudes from exposed fiber filaments 19, crack-proof grid cloth 20, mesh belt Convex and concave ratchet iron sheet 14, dovetail iron sheet 21 or mesh iron sheet 22.

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 16 of the present invention, a hollow stiffener 23 is arranged inside the mold shell, and a stiffener 16 is provided on the side of the mold.

Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 17 of the present invention, in which there is a steel reinforcement 17 in the stiffener 23, and an exposed rib 24 protrudes from the upper top plate 4, and an exposed anchor bar 12, an exposed net 13 or Mesh band convex and concave ratchet iron sheet 14.

Fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 18 of the present invention. There are two hollow bosses 25 on each side of the formwork, and the cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribs 2 between the formworks are truss web ribs.

Fig. 19 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 19 of the present invention, in which two rods 8 are arranged in each boss 25, and rod ends 11 and anchoring tendons 12 are exposed at the same time.

Fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 20 of the present invention, the connection 26 between the surrounding side wall 5 and the upper top plate 4 and the lower bottom 6 is welding, and the connection 26 between the rod 8 and the upper top plate 4 and the lower bottom 6 For gluing.

FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 21 of the present invention, in which the outer surfaces of the upper top plate 4 and the surrounding side walls 5 are roughened in a rough shape.

Fig. 22 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 22 of the present invention, where the formwork formed by the upper top plate 4 and the surrounding side walls 5 is more than two layers of one layer of cementing material 27 and one layer of fiber cloth 28 and one layer of cementing material 27. The layered structure; the rod 8 is a hollow rod with an upper opening, and there are reinforcement steel bars inside the rod, and there are exposed anchor bars 12, and the cast-in-place concrete enters the hollow rod 8, and is bonded and embedded with each other to form a whole.

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 23 of the present invention, and its formwork is a composite structure of truss layer 29 or honeycomb skeleton 31 with a single-sided outer film layer 30 .

FIG. 24 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 24 of the present invention. A reinforcement tape 32 is pasted on the formwork, or a reinforcement surface layer 33 is fixed, and an anchor foot 34 is provided at the same time.

Fig. 25 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 25 of the present invention, the rod 5 is the upper top plate 4, the two are combined into one, the rod is omitted, and the weight of the formwork is reduced.

Fig. 26 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 26 of the present invention, and a handle 35 is arranged on the formwork.

Figure 27 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 27 of the present invention, the formwork is provided with pull hooks 36, drawing wires 37, hanging parts 38, embedded iron parts 39, sinking grooves 40, reserved holes 41, and ventilation pipes 45.

Fig. 28 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 28 of the present invention, and a conduit 42, a junction box 43, and a water pipe 44 are arranged on the formwork.

FIG. 29 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 29 of the present invention, in which a sound-insulating layer 47 is disposed in the cavity 7 .

FIG. 30 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 30 of the present invention, the cavity 7 of which is filled with expanded perlite 48 .

Fig. 31 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 31 of the present invention, in which the lower part of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete rib is provided with a crack-proof steel wire mesh structure 49.

FIG. 32 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 32 of the present invention. The lower surface of the cast-in-place concrete beam 50 is flush with the lower bottom 6 to form a flat-bottomed slab concealed beam 50 .

Fig. 33 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 33 of the present invention, in which prestressed tendons 51 pass through the holes 46 for the reinforcement of the cast-in-situ concrete ribs 2 and the lower bottom 6.

Fig. 34 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 34 of the present invention, in which there are I-shaped steel 52 in the cast-in-place concrete rib 2 and in the cast-in-place concrete beam 50 .

Fig. 35 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 35 of the present invention. There is also a cast-in-place reinforced concrete bottom layer 53 under the lower bottom 6 to form a sandwich floor covering the cavity formwork 3 wrapped by cast-in-place reinforced concrete. This structure is also very suitable. For cast-in-place reinforced concrete hollow walls.

Figure 36 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 36 of the present invention, which is that there is no cast-in-place reinforced concrete upper plate 1 on the upper roof 4 of the cavity formwork 3, and the upper roof 4 and the lower bottom 6 are exposed at the same time, forming a grid cast-in-place concrete rib Mesh bar piece type hollow reinforced concrete floor, this structure is also very suitable for cast-in-place reinforced concrete hollow walls, and 54 in the figure represents the reserved sprue for cast-in-place concrete.

(5) Embodiment

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention comprises a cast-in-place reinforced concrete upper plate 1, a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete rib 2, a cavity formwork 3, and the cavity formwork 3 is arranged at intervals, in which there are cast-in-situ reinforced concrete ribs 2, on which are The cast-in-place reinforced concrete upper plate 1, the three are poured into a whole, wherein the cavity formwork 3 includes the upper roof 4, the surrounding side walls 5 and the lower bottom 6, and the upper roof 4, the surrounding side walls 5 and the lower bottom 6 are connected to each other to form a polyhedron The cavity 7 is closed, the upper top plate 4 and the surrounding side walls 5 are superposed with the cast-in-place reinforced concrete upper plate 1 and the cast-in-place reinforced concrete rib 2 respectively, and there is at least one rod 8 in the cavity 7. The present invention It is characterized in that the rod 8 in the cavity 7 is a curved rod, a folded wire rod, a cable, a straight rod with equal section, a solid straight rod with a variable cross section, a hollow rod with an upper opening or a combination thereof, or a combination of a hollow straight rod with a variable cross section and the above rods. combination. Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention, and 1 is the upper plate of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, 2 is the rib of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, 3 is the cavity formwork, 4 is the top plate of cavity formwork 3, 5 is The surrounding side walls of the cavity formwork 3, 6 is the lower bottom of the cavity formwork 3, 7 is the closed cavity in the cavity formwork 3, and 8 is the rod in the closed cavity 7. As shown in Fig. 1, there are 7 straight rods of equal section in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which there are 4 curved rods in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention, in which there are multiple combinations of linear rods and cables in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3. FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention, in which a combination of multiple linear rods is contained in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3 .

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one triangular member truss unit 9 or more than two transfer rods 10 composed of multiple rods 8 are arranged in the formwork cavity 7 . Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention, in which there are at least one triangular bar truss unit 9 made of a plurality of bars 8 and more than two handovers in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3. Rod 10. Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 6 of the present invention, in which there are at least one triangular bar truss unit 9 made of a plurality of bars 8 and more than two handovers in the closed cavity 7 of the cavity formwork 3. Rod 10.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one rod 8 protruding from the formwork cavity 7 with a shaft or a rod end 11 or an exposed anchor rib 12 or an exposed net 13 or an iron sheet with a convex and concave ratchet in the mesh. 14 or the combination of the above, and embedded in the cast-in-place concrete. Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention. The hollow rod 8 provided in the formwork cavity 7 protrudes outwards with a rod end 11, and the cast-in-place concrete enters the hollow rod to form a composite rod, which is mutually embedded and fixed. , forming a cast-in-place prefabricated whole. Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention. The rod 8 provided in the formwork cavity 7 protrudes outwards with a rod end 11 and exposed anchoring ribs 12. At the same time, there is an exposed net 13 on the formwork. Or mesh band convex and concave ratchet iron sheet 14. Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 9 of the present invention, in which the rod 8 in the formwork cavity 7 exposes a rod body 11, and there are exposed anchor ribs 12 thereon.

The present invention is also characterized in that a plurality of truss units 9 or transfer rods 10 or both in the formwork body form a truss 15, and the truss units 9 or transfer rods 10 are orthogonal, oblique, parallel, curved joints, butt joints with each other. Arrangement or three-dimensional space arrangement or the combination of the above, or at the same time, the trusses 15 formed are composed of cable-strut trusses, plane trusses, space trusses, three-dimensional trusses or joint-consolidated quadrilaterals, pentagons, and hexagons. member trusses. Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 10 of the present invention, in which the truss 15 in the formwork cavity 7 is a three-dimensional truss, and there are rods 8 as diagonal braces.

The present invention is also characterized in that on the upper top plate 4 or the surrounding side wall 5 or the lower bottom 6 or both or three, at least one of its inner or outer surface has a reinforcing rib 16, and the reinforcing rib 16 is hollow or solid, or the height and thickness Agree or not. Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 11 of the present invention, in which there are solid ribs 16 on the inner surface of the upper top plate 4, and the height and thickness are different. FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 12 of the present invention, on which there is a well-shaped reinforcing rib 16 on the lower bottom 6 .

The present invention is also characterized in that there are reinforcements 17 in the upper top plate 4, surrounding side walls 5, lower bottom 6, rods 8, and reinforcing ribs 16, and the reinforcements 17 are fibers, fiber mesh cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabrics, Steel bars, steel mesh, wire mesh, prestressed steel bars, unbonded prestressed bars, or combinations thereof. FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 13 of the present invention, in which there are fiber mesh cloth reinforcements 17 inside the upper top plate 4 and the surrounding side walls 5 .

The present invention is also characterized in that there are exposed anchor ribs 12 or exposed nets 13 or mesh band convex and concave ratchet iron sheets 14 or both or three are stretched out from the upper top plate 4 or the lower bottom 6 or both, and The cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribs 2 or the cast-in-place reinforced concrete upper plate 1 are connected; or the upper roof 4 or the lower bottom 6 or both are picked out from at least one side of the surrounding side wall 5 to have a bottom edge 18, and the upper roof 4 or The bottom edge 18 picked out from the lower bottom 6 constitutes a formwork for the cast-in-place reinforced concrete rib 2 . Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 14 of the present invention, in which there are exposed anchor ribs 12, exposed nets 13 or mesh with convex and concave ratchet iron sheets 14 protruding from the upper top plate 4, and the lower bottom 6 has a bottom edge 18 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the lower bottom 6 or the lower bottom 6 and the bottom edge 18 of the upper top plate 4 are zigzag-shaped, wave-shaped, hypotenuse-shaped, or stepped, or the bottom edge 18 also protrudes out of the exposed anchorage. Rib 12, exposed net 13, exposed fiber silk 19, anti-cracking grid cloth 20, mesh with convex-concave ratchet iron sheet 14, dovetail-shaped iron sheet 21 or pressed mesh iron sheet 22 or their combination. Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 15 of the present invention, the bottom edge 18 of which the lower bottom 6 picks out is hypotenuse-shaped, and also protrudes from exposed fiber filaments 19, crack-proof grid cloth 20, mesh belt Convex and concave ratchet iron sheet 14, dovetail iron sheet 21 or mesh iron sheet 22.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one stiffening rib 23 is arranged in the mold shell, and the stiffening rib 23 is solid or hollow, or there are reinforcing ribs 16 on its side. Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 16 of the present invention, a hollow stiffener 23 is arranged inside the mold shell, and a stiffener 16 is provided on the side of the mold.

The present invention is also characterized in that reinforcement 17 is arranged in stiffener 23, and reinforcement 17 is fiber, fiber mesh cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabric, steel bar, steel mesh, steel wire mesh, prestressed steel bar or its combination, or also At the same time, there are exposed anchor ribs 12 or exposed nets 13 or exposed ribs 24 or a combination thereof protruding from the surrounding side walls 5 or the upper top plate 4 . Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 17 of the present invention, in which there is a steel reinforcement 17 in the stiffener 23, and an exposed rib 24 protrudes from the upper top plate 4, and an exposed anchor bar 12, an exposed net 13 or Mesh band convex and concave ratchet iron sheet 14.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one side wall 5 around the formwork has at least one boss 25, the boss 25 is a solid boss or a hollow boss, or the hollow boss 25 is also filled with lightweight materials, the mold The cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribs 2 between the shells are truss ribs or truss web ribs. Fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 18 of the present invention. There are two hollow bosses 25 on each side of the formwork, and the cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribs 2 between the formworks are truss web ribs.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one rod 8 inside at least one boss 25, or there are exposed anchoring tendons 12 or exposed rod ends 11 or a combination of both on the boss 25 or the rod 8, Embedded in cast-in-place reinforced concrete. Fig. 19 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 19 of the present invention, in which two rods 8 are arranged in each boss 25, and rod ends 11 and anchoring tendons 12 are exposed at the same time.

The present invention is also characterized in that the connection 26 between the rods 8 themselves or between the upper top plate 4 or the surrounding side wall 5 or the lower bottom 6 or between the surrounding side wall 5 and the upper top plate 4 or the lower bottom 6 is glued, welded, Wired, buckled, clamped, riveted, hinged, perforated anchored connection or integral molding or a combination of the above. Fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 20 of the present invention, the connection 26 between the surrounding side wall 5 and the upper top plate 4 and the lower bottom 6 is welding, and the connection 26 between the rod 8 and the upper top plate 4 and the lower bottom 6 For gluing.

The present invention is also characterized in that the outer surface of the upper top plate 4 or the surrounding side walls 5 or both is a wavy, saw-toothed, indented, or brushed rough surface. FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 21 of the present invention, in which the outer surfaces of the upper top plate 4 and the surrounding side walls 5 are roughened in a rough shape.

The present invention is also characterized in that the formwork formed by the upper top plate 4 and the surrounding side walls 5 is a laminated structure of more than two layers of one layer of cement material 27, one layer of fiber or fiber cloth 28 and one layer of cement material 27 superimposed on each other. Fig. 22 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 22 of the present invention, where the formwork formed by the upper top plate 4 and the surrounding side walls 5 is more than two layers of one layer of cementing material 27 and one layer of fiber cloth 28 and one layer of cementing material 27. The layered structure; the rod 8 is a hollow rod with an upper opening, and there are reinforcement steel bars inside the rod, and there are exposed anchor bars 12, and the cast-in-place concrete enters the hollow rod 8, and is bonded and embedded with each other to form a whole.

The present invention is also characterized in that the formwork formed by the upper top plate 4 or the surrounding side walls 5 is a composite structure of a truss layer 29 single-sided or double-sided outer film layer 30, or a honeycomb skeleton 31 single-sided or double-sided outer film layer 30 composite structures. Fig. 23 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 23 of the present invention, and its formwork is a composite structure of truss layer 29 or honeycomb skeleton 31 with a single-sided outer film layer 30 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the surfaces of the upper top plate 4, the surrounding side walls 5, the lower base plate 6, the rods 8, the reinforcing ribs 16, the stiffening ribs 23 are fixed or pasted with a reinforcing tape 32 or a reinforcing surface layer 33, and the reinforcing tape 32 or reinforcing The surface layer 33 is a metal plate, carbon fiber plate, glass steel plate, fiber cloth, fiber mesh cloth or steel wire, or the reinforcement strip 32 or the reinforcement surface layer 33 also has anchor feet or holes 34 . FIG. 24 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 24 of the present invention. A reinforcement tape 32 is pasted on the formwork, or a reinforcement surface layer 33 is fixed, and an anchor foot 34 is provided at the same time.

The present invention is also characterized in that the rods 8 are reinforced mortar rods, reinforced concrete rods, steel pipes, steel-skinned reinforced concrete rods, prestressed rods, bamboo rods, glass steel rods, GRC rods, carbon fiber rods, steel bars, plastic rods, straight seam rods Metal pipes, spiral seam metal pipes, steel mesh pipes, glass fiber cloth pipes, glass steel pipes, pipes with holes in the pipe wall, metal-plastic composite pipes, hollow concrete mortar pipes, reinforced lightweight concrete pipes, concrete-filled steel pipes, layered composite pipes Rod, hollow tube filled or reinforced composite rod or their combination, its cross-sectional shape is circular, circular, square, prolate, hollow, bamboo hollow, L-shaped, trough-shaped, I-shaped, honeycomb hollow , porous shape, variable cross-section shape, or its cross-section also decreases in diameter along the axis of the rod 8 at the same time.

The present invention is also characterized in that the bar member 5 is an upper top plate 4, a surrounding side wall 5, a lower bottom 6, or a reinforcing rib 16 thereon. Fig. 25 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 25 of the present invention, the rod 5 is the upper top plate 4, the two are combined into one, the rod is omitted, and the weight of the formwork is reduced.

The present invention is also characterized in that the appearance shape of the three-dimensional formwork is a cuboid, a cube, a pentagon, a hexagon, a cylinder or a special shape. The appearance shape of the formwork shown in Figures 1 to 25 is a cuboid or a cube.

The present invention is also characterized in that one end of the three-dimensional formwork shell is thinner and the other end is thicker, or its lower bottom 6 or stiffener 23 is thinner at one end and the other end is thicker.

The present invention is also characterized in that a handle or hook 35 is provided on the three-dimensional formwork. Fig. 26 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 26 of the present invention, and a handle 35 is arranged on the formwork.

The present invention is also characterized in that pull hooks 36, drawing wires 37, hanging parts 38, embedded iron parts 39, sinkers 40, reserved holes 41, embedded conduits 42, junction boxes 43, water pipes 44, The vent pipe 45 or their combination, or the hole 46 for threading ribs in the lower bottom 6 or the above-mentioned combination. Figure 27 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 27 of the present invention, the formwork is provided with pull hooks 36, drawing wires 37, hanging parts 38, embedded iron parts 39, sinking grooves 40, reserved holes 41, and ventilation pipes 45. Fig. 28 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 28 of the present invention, and a conduit 42, a junction box 43, and a water pipe 44 are arranged on the formwork. As shown in FIG. 30 , there is a hole 46 for threading ribs in the lower bottom 6 .

The feature of the present invention is also that the steel bars in the lower bottom 6 or the upper roof 4 are connected with the steel bars in the rods 8 or the stiffeners 23 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the cavity 7 is provided with a sound-insulating layer 47 or filled with light material 48, and the light material 48 is light concrete or expanded perlite or expanded vermiculite or rock wool or foamed plastics. FIG. 29 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 29 of the present invention, in which a sound-insulating layer 47 is disposed in the cavity 7 . FIG. 30 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 30 of the present invention, the cavity 7 of which is filled with expanded perlite 48 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the upper top board 4 and the surrounding side walls 5 are made of plastic film, plastic board, composite film, GRC board, metal profiled board, cement fiber board, honeycomb board, plexiglass steel plate, waterproof cardboard, sawdust board, reinforced concrete board, steel wire mesh cement mortar board, fiber concrete board or fiber mortar board.

The present invention is also characterized in that the lower bottom 6 is concrete, fiber concrete, cement mortar, cement fiber mortar, polymer concrete or a lower bottom containing reinforcements 17 at the same time.

The feature of the present invention is also that an anti-crack structure 49 is arranged on the lower part of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete rib 2 close to the lower bottom 6 or the bottom edge 18 picked out. sheet, iron sheet with spines, anti-crack mesh cloth. Fig. 31 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 31 of the present invention, in which a crack-proof steel wire mesh structure 49 is provided at the lower part of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete rib.

The present invention is also characterized in that the underside of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete rib 2 is flush with the bottom surface of the lower bottom 6, forming a flat-bottom type cast-in-place reinforced concrete hidden rib 2; or cast-in-place concrete between concrete columns, between concrete column walls or between walls The lower part of the beam 50 is flush with the lower bottom 6 to form a flat bottom slab concealed beam 50 . As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 31, the underside of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete rib 2 is flush with the bottom surface of the lower bottom 6, forming a flat-bottom type cast-in-place reinforced concrete hidden rib 2. FIG. 32 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 32 of the present invention. The lower surface of the cast-in-place concrete beam 50 is flush with the lower bottom 6 to form a flat-bottomed slab concealed beam 50 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the prestressed tendons with or without bonding or with bonding are passed through the cast-in-place concrete ribs 2, the cast-in-place concrete beams 50, the cavity formwork 3, or the holes 46 for piercing reinforcement in the lower bottom 6. 51. Fig. 33 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 33 of the present invention, in which prestressed tendons 51 pass through the holes 46 for the reinforcement of the cast-in-situ concrete ribs 2 and the lower bottom 6.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is profiled steel 52 in the cast-in-place concrete rib 2 or in the cast-in-place concrete beam 50, the profiled steel 52 is cold-formed steel, channel steel, I-shaped steel, and the cold-formed steel 52 is C type, L type, type, U type, Type, Type II. Fig. 34 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 34 of the present invention, in which there are I-shaped steel 52 in the cast-in-place concrete rib 2 and in the cast-in-place concrete beam 50 .

The present invention is also characterized in that there is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete bottom layer 53 under the lower bottom 6 of the cavity formwork 3, the cast-in-place reinforced concrete upper plate 1, the cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribs 2, and the cast-in-place reinforced concrete bottom layer 53 wrap the cavity mold Shell 3, forming the sandwich floor of the inner space rod bearing force, or there is no cast-in-place reinforced concrete upper plate 1, cast-in-place reinforced concrete wraps the surrounding side walls 5, and the upper roof 4 and lower bottom 6 are exposed at the same time, forming a grid Rib-mesh rods hollow reinforced concrete floor. Fig. 35 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 35 of the present invention. There is also a cast-in-place reinforced concrete bottom layer 53 under the lower bottom 6 to form a sandwich floor covering the cavity formwork 3 wrapped by cast-in-place reinforced concrete. This structure is also very suitable. For cast-in-place reinforced concrete hollow walls. Figure 36 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 36 of the present invention, which is that there is no cast-in-place reinforced concrete upper plate 1 on the upper roof 4 of the cavity formwork 3, and the upper roof 4 and the lower bottom 6 are exposed at the same time, forming a grid cast-in-place concrete rib Mesh rod piece type hollow reinforced concrete floor, this structure is also very suitable for cast-in-place reinforced concrete hollow walls, 54 in the figure represents the reserved sprue for cast-in-place concrete.

When the present invention is implemented, the cavity formwork member 3 is laid first, then the cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribs 2 and the steel bars in the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete upper plate 1 are placed and bound, and then poured and pounded to form the concrete, and then maintained to the specified age.

Claims (75)

1. reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof, comprise cast-in-situ reinforced concrete rib (2), hollow mould shell (3), hollow mould shell (3) is arranged at interval, be cast-in-situ reinforced concrete rib (2) therebetween, the three pours into integral body, wherein hollow mould shell (3) comprises upper plate (4), sidewall (5) and go to the bottom (6) on every side, upper plate (4), sidewall (5) and go to the bottom (6) are connected to each other and constitute polyhedron enclosed cavity (7) on every side, sidewall (5) is superimposed with cast-in-situ reinforced concrete rib (2) on every side, rod member (8) more than at least one is arranged in cavity (7), the invention is characterized in that the rod member (8) in cavity (7) is curvilinear rod, folding mast, the uniform section straight-bar, the solid straight-bar of variable cross-section, upper shed hollow stem or its combination, the perhaps combination of hollow straight-bar of variable cross-section and above-mentioned rod member, there is not cast-in-situ reinforced concrete upper plate (1), sidewall (5) around the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete parcel, expose simultaneously upper plate (4) and go to the bottom (6), upper plate (4) and go to the bottom (6) simultaneously from sidewall (5) on every side Yi Bian at least outwards choose and the base arranged (18).

2. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 1, it is characterized in that having in the formwork cavity (7) at least one rod member (8) to go up and outside die housing, be extended with shaft or rod end (11) or reveal anchor rib (12) or dew net (13) or above-mentioned combination, and build-in is in Cast-in-place concrete from upper plate (4).

3. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in formwork cavity (7), being provided with constitute by many rod members (8) at least more than one triangle rod member truss element (9) or the handing-over rod member (8) more than two.

4. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 3, it is characterized in that a plurality of truss elements (9) in the die housing or handing-over rod member (8) or both constitute truss (15), truss element (9) or orthogonal thereto each other, the oblique of handing-over rod member (8), parallel, shaped form engages, butt joint layout or three-dimensional spatial arrangement or above-mentioned combination, the truss that is constituted (15) is rope bar truss, plane frame or space truss.

5. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 3, it is characterized in that a plurality of truss elements (9) in the die housing or handing-over rod member (8) or both constitute truss (15), truss element (9) or orthogonal thereto each other, the oblique of handing-over rod member (8), parallel, shaped form engages, butt joint layout or three-dimensional spatial arrangement or above-mentioned combination, the rod member truss that the truss that is constituted (15) constitutes for the fixed quadrangle of joint, pentagon, hexagon.

6. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 1, it is characterized in that upper plate (4) or on every side at least one inner surface or the external surface in sidewall (5) or go to the bottom (6) reinforcing rib (16) is arranged, reinforcing rib (16) is hollow or solid.

7. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 6, it is characterized in that upper plate (4), in sidewall (5), go to the bottom (6), rod member (8), the reinforcing rib (16) reinforce (17) arranged on every side, reinforce (17) is fiber, reinforcing bar or its combination.

8. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 6, it is characterized in that upper plate (4), in sidewall (5), go to the bottom (6), rod member (8), the reinforcing rib (16) reinforce (17) arranged on every side, reinforce (17) is cloth, steel mesh reinforcement or its combination.

9. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 6, it is characterized in that upper plate (4), in sidewall (5), go to the bottom (6), rod member (8), the reinforcing rib (16) reinforce (17) arranged on every side, reinforce (17) is nonwoven, gauze wire cloth or its combination.

10. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 6, it is characterized in that upper plate (4), in sidewall (5), go to the bottom (6), rod member (8), the reinforcing rib (16) reinforce (17) arranged on every side, reinforce (17) is fibrous mesh cloth, unbonded prestressing tendon or its combination.

11. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 6 is characterized in that upper plate (4), in sidewall (5), go to the bottom (6), rod member (8), the reinforcing rib (16) reinforce (17) arranged on every side, reinforce (17) is a prestressed reinforcement.

12. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 7 is characterized in that from upper plate (4) or goes to the bottom (6) or both are extended with and reveal anchor rib (12) or reveal net (13) or be extended with both simultaneously, is connected with cast-in-situ reinforced concrete rib (2).

13. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 7 is characterized in that the base of choosing in upper plate (4) or go to the bottom (6) (18) constitutes the template of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete rib (2).

14. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 1 is zigzag, waveform, hypotenuse shape, step around the base (18) that it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) or go to the bottom (6) and upper plate (4) are chosen.

15. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 14 is characterized in that base (18) also is extended with dew anchor rib (12), dew net (13), fiber exposure silk (19), anticracking grid cloth (20), a mesh band convex-concave sour jujube iron plate (14), dovetail shaped iron plate (21) simultaneously or presses mesh iron plate (22) or their combination.

16. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 14 is characterized in that being provided with in the die housing a slice stiffening rib (23) at least, stiffening rib (23) is solid or hollow.

17. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 14 is characterized in that the side of stiffening rib (23) also is provided with reinforcing rib (16).

18. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 16 is characterized in that reinforce (17) is arranged in the stiffening rib (23), reinforce (17) is fiber, reinforcing bar or its combination.

19. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 16 is characterized in that reinforce (17) is arranged in the stiffening rib (23), reinforce (17) is cloth, steel mesh reinforcement or its combination.

20. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 16 is characterized in that reinforce (17) is arranged in the stiffening rib (23), reinforce (17) is nonwoven, gauze wire cloth or its combination.

21. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 16 is characterized in that reinforce (17) is arranged in the stiffening rib (23), reinforce (17) is a fibrous mesh cloth.

22. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 16 is characterized in that reinforce (17) is arranged in the stiffening rib (23), reinforce (17) is a prestressed reinforcement.

23. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 18 is characterized in that also simultaneously from sidewall (5) or upper plate (4) are extended with dew anchor rib (12) or reveal net (13) or reveal rib (24) or their combination on every side.

24. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 16, it is characterized in that upper plate (4), the surface of sidewall (5), lower shoe (6), rod member (8), reinforcing rib (16), stiffening rib (23) is fixed with reinforcing band (32) or strengthens surface layer (33) on every side, reinforcing band (32) or to strengthen surface layer (33) be metal sheet, carbon fiber board, glass epoxy, cloth or steel wire.

25. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 24 is characterized in that reinforcing band (32) or strengthens surface layer (33) also having anchoring pin or hole (34) simultaneously.

26. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 16, it is characterized in that upper plate (4), the surface of sidewall (5), lower shoe (6), rod member (8), reinforcing rib (16), stiffening rib (23) is fixed with reinforcing band (32) or strengthens surface layer (33) on every side, reinforcing band (32) or to strengthen surface layer (33) be fibrous mesh cloth.

27. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 26 is characterized in that reinforcing band (32) or strengthens surface layer (33) also having anchoring pin or hole (34) simultaneously.

28. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 16, it is characterized in that upper plate (4), the surface of sidewall (5), lower shoe (6), rod member (8), reinforcing rib (16), stiffening rib (23) is pasted with reinforcing band (32) or strengthens surface layer (33) on every side, reinforcing band (32) or to strengthen surface layer (33) be metal sheet, carbon fiber board, glass epoxy, cloth or steel wire.

29. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 28 is characterized in that reinforcing band (32) or strengthens surface layer (33) also having anchoring pin or hole (34) simultaneously.

30. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 16, it is characterized in that upper plate (4), the surface of sidewall (5), lower shoe (6), rod member (8), reinforcing rib (16), stiffening rib (23) is pasted with reinforcing band (32) or strengthens surface layer (33) on every side, reinforcing band (32) or to strengthen surface layer (33) be fibrous mesh cloth.

31. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 30 is characterized in that reinforcing band (32) or strengthens surface layer (33) also having anchoring pin or hole (34) simultaneously.

32. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 16, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) or the interior reinforcing bar of upper plate (4) and rod member (8) or stiffening rib (23) in reinforcing bar be connected.

33. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that around the formwork at least one sidewall (5) has at least more than one boss (25), boss (25) is solid boss or hollow boss, and the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete rib (2) between the formwork is the truss-like rib.

34. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 33 is characterized in that also being filled with light material in the hollow boss (25).

35. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 33 is characterized in that having the rod member (8) more than at least 1 at least one boss (25).

36. a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof according to claim 35 is characterized in that also having simultaneously on boss (25) or the rod member (8) dew anchor rib (12) or reveals rod end (11) or both combinations, build-in is in cast-in-situ reinforced concrete.

37. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that around the formwork at least one sidewall (5) has at least more than one boss (25), boss (25) is solid boss or hollow boss, and the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete rib (2) between the formwork is a truss web-type rib.

38., it is characterized in that also being filled with light material in the hollow boss (25) according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 37.

39., it is characterized in that at least one boss (25), having the rod member (8) more than at least 1 according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 37.

40. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 39, it is characterized in that also having simultaneously on boss (25) or the rod member (8) dew anchor rib (12) or reveal rod end (11) or both combinations, build-in is in cast-in-situ reinforced concrete.

41. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that between the rod member (8) self or with upper plate (4) or sidewall (5) or go to the bottom between (6) or sidewall (5) and upper plate (4) or being connected between (6) (26) of going to the bottom be splicing, welding, wire connection, snapping, clamping, riveted joint, hinged, perforation anchor connection or global formation or above-mentioned combination on every side on every side.

42., it is characterized in that upper plate (4) or sidewall (5) or both external surfaces are undaform, zigzag, plucking shape rough surface on every side according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 41.

43., it is characterized in that upper plate (4) or sidewall (5) or both external surfaces are the rough surface of impression shape machine on every side according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 41.

44., it is characterized in that the upper plate (4) and the formwork of sidewall (5) formation on every side are one deck cementitious matter (27) one deck fiber superimposed each other layer structure more than three layers of one deck cementitious matter (27) again according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32.

45., it is characterized in that the upper plate (4) and the formwork of sidewall (5) formation on every side are one deck cementitious matter (27) one deck cloth superimposed each other layer structure more than three layers of one deck cementitious matter (27) again according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32.

46. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, the formwork that it is characterized in that upper plate (4) or sidewall (5) formation on every side is the composite construction that girders layer (29) single or double is wrapped up in rete (30) outward, or honeycomb hole skeleton (31) single or double is wrapped up in the composite construction of rete (30) outward.

47. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that rod member (8) is a reinforcing bar mortar bar, the steel bar concrete bar, steel pipe, sheetmetal steel bar concrete bar, the ring bar, fiberglass rod, the GRC bar, the carbon fiber bar, reinforcing bar, plastic bar, the vertical masonry joint metal tube, spirally-seamed metal tubing, the steel wire webmaster, the glass fiber stringing, glass reinforced plastic pipe, the tube wall perforated pipe, composite metal-plastic pipe, hollow concrete mortar pipe, reinforcing bar light weight concrete construction enhancement mode pipe, steel pipe concrete pipe, stratiform coupled pole or reinforcement coupled pole or their combination, its cross sectional shape are circular, square, the prolate type, hollow, L shaped, flute profile, I-shaped, variable cross-section shape.

48. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that rod member (8) is a reinforcing bar mortar bar, the steel bar concrete bar, steel pipe, sheetmetal steel bar concrete bar, the ring bar, fiberglass rod, the GRC bar, the carbon fiber bar, reinforcing bar, plastic bar, the vertical masonry joint metal tube, spirally-seamed metal tubing, the steel wire webmaster, the glass fiber stringing, glass reinforced plastic pipe, the tube wall perforated pipe, composite metal-plastic pipe, hollow concrete mortar pipe, reinforcing bar light weight concrete construction enhancement mode pipe, steel pipe concrete pipe, stratiform coupled pole or reinforcement coupled pole or their combination, its cross sectional shape are annular, the honeycomb hollow, porous shape.

49. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that rod member (8) is the prestressing force bar, its cross sectional shape is circular, square, prolate type, hollow, L shaped, flute profile, I-shaped, variable cross-section shape.

50. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that rod member (8) is the prestressing force bar, its cross sectional shape is annular, honeycomb hollow, porous shape.

51. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that rod member (8) is upper plate (4), sidewall (5), go to the bottom (6) on every side, perhaps upper plate (4), the reinforcing rib (16) on sidewall (5), go to the bottom (6) on every side.

52. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, the face shaping that it is characterized in that hollow mould shell is cuboid, pentagon body, hexagon body or cylinder.

53. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, the face shaping that it is characterized in that hollow mould shell is a square.

54., it is characterized in that hollow mould shell is provided with handle or suspension hook (35) according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32.

55., it is characterized in that hollow mould shell is provided with drag hook (36), wire drawing (37), embedded iron parts (39), deep gouge (40), reserving hole (41), pre-buried conduit (42), junction box (43), water pipe (44), air chimney (45) or their combination according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32.

56. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 55, wear in addition in it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) muscle with hole (46) or with above-mentioned combination.

57., it is characterized in that hollow mould shell is provided with suspender member (38) according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32.

58. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 57, wear in addition in it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) muscle with hole (46) or with above-mentioned combination.

59. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that being provided with in the cavity (7) soundproof course (47) or be filled with light material (48), light material (48) is lightweight concrete or expanded perlite or expanded vermiculite or rock wool or foamed plastics.

60., it is characterized in that upper plate (4) and sidewall (5) on every side are plastic foil, plastic plate, composite membrane, GRC plate, metal crimp template, cement fibrolite plate, cellular board, organic glass steel plate, waterproof board, sawdust board, reinforced concrete slab, ferro-cement plate or fiber concrete plate according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32.

61., it is characterized in that upper plate (4) and sidewall (5) on every side are the fibre mortar plate according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32.

62. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) are concrete.

63. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 62, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) are for including going to the bottom of reinforce (17) simultaneously.

64. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) are cement mortar.

65. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 64, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) are for including going to the bottom of reinforce (17) simultaneously.

66. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) are the Cement fibre mortar.

67. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 66, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) are for including going to the bottom of reinforce (17) simultaneously.

68. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) are the fiber concrete.

69. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 68, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) are for including going to the bottom of reinforce (17) simultaneously.

70. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) are the polymer concrete.

71. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 70, it is characterized in that going to the bottom (6) are for including going to the bottom of reinforce (17) simultaneously.

72. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 9 to 15, it is characterized in that being provided with anticracking structure part (49) in the bottom of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete rib (2) near the position above the base (18) of going to the bottom (6) or choosing, anticracking structure part (49) is gauze wire cloth, presses the mesh iron plate, is with a sour jujube iron plate, anticracking grid cloth.

73. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that flushing with (6) bottom surface of going to the bottom below the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete rib (2), constitute the dark rib of flat board-like cast-in-situ reinforced concrete (2); Or between the concrete post, between the concrete post wall or the bottom of the Cast-in-place concrete beam (50) between the wall flushes with go to the bottom (6), constitutes flat board-like dark beam.

74., it is characterized in that in Cast-in-place concrete rib (2), Cast-in-place concrete beam (50), hollow mould shell (3) or the muscle of wearing of its go to the bottom (6) passes in hole (46) and has or not bonding or bonded prestressed tendon (51) according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of claim 73.

75. according to the described a kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 32, it is characterized in that shaped steel (52) is arranged in the Cast-in-place concrete rib (2) or in the Cast-in-place concrete beam (50), shaped steel (52) is cold-rolled forming section, channel-section steel, i shaped steel, cold-rolled forming section (52) be C type, L type, ⊥ type, U type, Type, II type.

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