CN1744596B - Method for host obtaining network allocation parameterns in IPV6 network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for a host in an IPv6 network to acquire network configuration parameters. The method includes: after the host that cannot communicate with the IPv6-based DHCPv6 server accesses the IPv6 network, the network end carries the network configuration parameters that need to be sent to the host end in the stateless address allocation process of the expandable field content The route announcement message or the PPP-based IPv6CP process message is sent to the host side, so that the host can obtain the required Prefix, DNS and/or WINS parameters. The present invention completes the configuration work of network configuration parameters at one time in the IPv6CP stage of PPP dialing, or obtains network configuration parameters through a stateless address configuration process. Therefore, the method of the present invention effectively solves the problem that hosts that do not support the DHCPv6 protocol can also obtain network configuration parameters required for accessing the network.

Description

Method for hosts to obtain network configuration parameters in IPv6 network

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of network communication, in particular to a method for a host in an IPv6 network to acquire network configuration parameters. the

Background technique

In RFC2472 (RFC, Request for Comments), the use of PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) under the IPv6 (Sixth Internet Protocol) network is defined, and the Interface-Identifier (interface identifier) related to IPv6CP (IPv6 Control Protocol) is defined in the standard ) and IPv6-Compression-Protocol (IPv6 Compression Protocol), but do not define attributes including address Prefix (prefix), DNS (Domain Name System) and WINS (Windows Internet Name Service). Therefore, after PPP dial-up, it is necessary to obtain network access parameters such as address Prefix, DNS, and WINS. the

At present, the more common way to obtain address Prefix, DNS, WINS and other parameters is: in the case of IPv6, the host first obtains Interface-Identifier through PPP IPv6CP, and then generates Link-Local Address (link-local address); then, enter The process of stateless address configuration or stateful address configuration, and the acquisition of Prefix and other related network access parameters is completed by the process of stateless address configuration or stateful address configuration. the

Because under the situation of IPv4 (the fourth version of the Internet protocol), the PPP host can directly obtain network access parameters such as corresponding IPv4 addresses and DNS through the PPP process, and under the IPv6 situation, if it is impossible to directly obtain the described Prefix, Network access parameters such as DNS and WINS cannot make IPv4 and IPv6 networks compatible and interoperable, and it is not convenient for unified operation and management of services transmitted over the network. the

In addition, RFC2461 (RFC, request for comment) and RFC2462 of ITEF (Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Engineering Task Force) stipulate how users can obtain IPv6 addresses through IPv6 stateless address allocation in IPv6 (sixth edition Internet Protocol) networks. address. The specific IPv6 stateless address allocation process includes: when an IPv6 host is powered on, it first generates its own If-ID (interface identifier, interface identifier), and uses the If-ID to generate a link-local (link-local) address. And method can refer to RFC2373, then host starts to carry out DAD (Duplicate Address Detection) process, and detection process ends, then finishes the stateless address allocation process, described DAD process as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprises the following steps:

Step 11: Send an NS (Neighbor Solicitation) message through multicast, carrying the link-local address generated locally in the message, so that on the router, compare the link-local address with the same host in a multicast Whether the link-local addresses of other hosts in the domain are the same, that is, whether there are duplicate link-local addresses in the same multicast domain, if duplicates are found, then perform step 12, if not, then discard the NS message;

Step 12: Send a NA (Neighbor Advertisement) message to the host that sent the NS message. the

Step 13: At the same time or after DAD detection, the host can send an RS packet to the router to apply for site-local (site local) and/or global (global) address Prefix (prefix) using stateless address allocation;

Step 14: The router sends the relevant address Prefix requested in step 13, including the lease period of the address, to the host through an RA (Route Advertisement) message, and completes the process of address allocation. the

During the entire stateless address allocation process, the host can obtain the prefix of the address through stateless address allocation, and generate corresponding site-local (node local) and/or global (global) addresses through its own If-ID. It can be seen that, compared with IPv4 (fourth version of the Internet Protocol), the use of stateless address assignment does not require the IPv4 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server in a relatively small network, which simplifies network configuration and reduces invested capital. the

Yet, in this scheme, do not solve the problem that host computer obtains corresponding network configuration parameters such as DNS, WINS, at this moment, the user can't visit Internet (Internet) actually, and this has just brought very big trouble to the personal use Internet network . For this reason, in RFC3736, the DNS acquisition of stateless address assignment is supplemented, but the option of DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol based on IPv6) is still used, and the related DNS and other network configuration parameters are completed through the DHCPv6 protocol. This deviates from the original design intention of avoiding the use of a DHCP server in a small network, and also requires the small network to support both ND (Neighbor Discovery) and DHCPv6 protocols, which increases the complexity of implementing a small network. the

In summary, it can be seen that none of the currently provided methods for obtaining network configuration parameters in an IPv6 network can well solve the problem of obtaining network configuration parameters in an IPv6 network. the

Contents of the invention

In view of the existing problems in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for hosts in an IPv6 network to obtain network configuration parameters, so that the acquisition of network configuration parameters such as DNS and WINS no longer needs to be realized based on DHCPv6, and the relatively low cost is reduced. The complexity of the small network implementation. the

The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

The present invention provides a method for a host in an IPv6 network to obtain network configuration parameters, including: after a host that cannot communicate with a DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol based on IPv6) server accesses the IPv6 network, the network end will need to send the information to the host end The network configuration parameters are carried in the protocol message of the expandable field content and sent to the host;

The network configuration parameters described include:

Prefix Prefix, Domain Name System DNS and/or Windows Internet Name Service WINS parameters, wherein the Prefix parameter information includes type value, attribute length value, parameter length value, link use sign, automatic configuration sign, and the DNS The parameter information includes type value, attribute length value, number of DNS addresses or DNS address information, and the information of the WINS parameter includes type value, attribute length value, number of WINS addresses or WINS address information;

The network end sends the network configuration parameters that need to be sent to the host end to the host end in a protocol message containing the content of the expandable field, including:

Send the DNS and WINS parameters along with the Prefix to the host end by expanding the content information carried in the route announcement message RA; The IPv6CP process message of the point-to-point protocol PPP is sent to the host side together;

In addition, the DNS and WINS parameter information also includes: a reserved field. the

In the stateless address allocation process, the present invention further includes:

A. During the stateless address allocation process, the host side sends a routing request RS message to the router side;

B. The router returns a route announcement RA message to the host, and the message carries the Prefix, DNS and WINS parameter information configured for the host. the

Described step B comprises:

The DNS and WINS parameter information are carried in newly defined fields of the RA message. the

In the IPv6 network using PPP, the present invention further includes:

The content of the IPv6CP message in the PPP stage is extended, and the field of the extended content is used to carry Prefix, DNS and WINS parameter information, and is sent to the host side along with the IPv6CP message, and the host side obtains the Prefix, DNS and WINS parameters. the

As can be seen from the technical solution provided by the present invention above, the present invention completes the configuration work of parameters such as Prefix, IPv6-DNS and IPv6-WINS at one time in the IPv6CP stage of PPP dialing, or performs network configuration parameters through a stateless address configuration process. of acquisition. Therefore, the method of the present invention effectively solves the problem that hosts that do not support the DHCPv6 protocol can also obtain network configuration parameters required for accessing the network. Therefore, the DHCPv6 protocol does not need to be supported in a smaller network, thus the hardware and software equipment of the DHCP server can be omitted, and the implementation complexity of the small network and the process of obtaining network configuration parameters are reduced. And fully maintain the compatibility with protocols such as RFC2461 and RFC2462. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of stateless address allocation;

Figure 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. the

Detailed ways

The core of the method of the present invention is that after the host that cannot communicate with the DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol based on IPv6) server is connected to the IPv6 network, the network end will carry the network configuration parameters that need to be sent to the host end in the expandable field content sent to the host in the protocol packet. the

The method of the present invention is as shown in Figure 2, mainly comprises:

Step 21: The host accesses the IPv6 network through a router. the

Step 22: Determine that the host cannot communicate with the DHCPv6 server, that is, the network configuration parameter information cannot be obtained through the DHCPv6 server; the inability to communicate with the DHCPv6 server mainly means that some smaller networks do not have a DHCPv6 server, so that the host obtains through the DHCP process Required network configuration parameters. the

Step 23: The router sends the network configuration parameters required by the host to the host in the protocol message with the content of the expandable field sent to the host;

The protocol message of the expandable field content includes: in the stateless address allocation process, it is a route announcement message in the stateless address allocation process in the IPv6 network; in the PPP process in the IPv6 network, it is the PPP process IPv6CP procedure message in . Different networks can use different protocol messages to send network configuration parameters such as Prefix, IPv6-DNS, and IPv6-WINS to the host side according to actual conditions. the

The following will describe the stateless address allocation process and the way of acquiring network configuration parameters in the PPP process respectively. the

In the process of stateless address allocation, the host will initiate an RS message to obtain the corresponding IP address Prefix and related parameters of the Prefix, such as the lease period, etc., and the router sends these attributes to the host through the RA message, so the host can pass Stateless address allocation obtains the Prefix parameter of the address, and generates the corresponding site-local and/or global address through its own If-ID (interface identification), but does not include related information such as DNS, so that users will not actually be able to access the Internet . the

For this reason, the options in the RA message are increased in the present invention to complete the transmission of DNS and WINS parameters, that is, by expanding the content information carried in the RA message, the router can also use parameters such as corresponding DNS and WINS together with the Prefix parameter information sent to the host. the

According to the RFC2461 protocol, the format of the attribute parameters in the RA message is shown in Table 1:

Table 1:

0 1 1 2 2 3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

| Type | Length | Value |

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

~ ~

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

in:

Type: Indicates the type, which can be defined as follows:

The contents in Table 2 below are the values already defined in the RFC2461 protocol:

Table 2: type Option Name 0x01 Source Link-Layer Address 0x02 Target Link-Layer Address 0x03 Prefix Information 0x04 Redirected Header 0x05 MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit)

The following table 3 content is the Type value that needs to be newly defined for realizing the present invention, certainly also can be defined as other values, as long as no conflict occurs:

table 3: type Option Name 0x06 DNS 0x07 WINS

Length: Indicates the length of the attribute, including the length of Type and Length itself, in units of 8 bits. Cannot be 0, the maximum is 255 bytes;

Value: specific Option (attribute, option) content. the

The specific format of the DNS parameter information can be shown in Table 4:

Table 4:

0 1 2 2 3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

| Type | Length | List Number | Reserved |

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

| | |

+ + +

| | |

+ DNS Address +

| | |

+ + +

| | |

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

in:

Type: 8-bit, 0x06, other values can also be used, as long as there is no conflict;

Length: 8-bit, the length of the entire attribute, with 8 bits as the length unit;

List Number: 8-bit, the number of DNS addresses, cannot be 0, and the value is between 1 and 255;

Reserved: 8-bit, reserved, all must be filled with 0;

DNS Address: All DNS addresses, the number is the same as that defined in List Number, and the length of each DNS Address is 128bits, 16 bytes. If there is a master and a backup, then the first one is the master and the second one is the backup. the

The specific format of the WINS parameter information is shown in Table 5:

table 5:

0 1 2 2 3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

| Type | Length | List Number | Reserved |

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

| | |

+ + +

| | |

+ Wins Address +

| | |

+ + +

| | |

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Type: 0x07, other values can also be used, as long as there is no conflict;

Length: the length of the entire attribute, with 8 bits as the length unit;

List Number: The number of DNS addresses, which cannot be 0, and the value is between 1 and 255;

Reserved: Reserved, all must be filled with 0;

WINS Address: All WINS addresses, the number is the same as that defined in List Number, the length of each WINS Address is 128bits, 16 bytes. If there is a master and a backup, then the first one is the master and the second one is the backup. the

The attributes of DNS and WINS are not mandatory in the RA message, and the router can determine whether to use this attribute according to the actual needs when sending the RA message. If the host sends the RS message, the router uses this attribute (both or one of the two) to indicate that the router needs to configure the DNS or WINS of the host; this attribute may not be used in the RA message sent by the router at regular intervals. If this attribute is used, the host will match the addresses of DNS and WINS parameters after receiving the message. If it is found to be different, it means that the router needs to modify this attribute, and the host will use the new DNS and WINS addresses. the

Similarly, if the host does not support this attribute, it can ignore this attribute and continue to analyze other attributes of the RA message. the

In the PPP process of the IPv6 network, the unified format of the Prefix, IPv6-DNS and IPv6-WINS parameters is defined first, and then in the IPv6CP process, it is sent to the host together with the IPv6CP process message to realize the network configuration parameters of the host. Configuration; the operation of setting up, enabling and terminating the IP module can be realized by the IPv6CP, the IPCP message cannot be exchanged before the PPP does not reach the network layer protocol stage, if any IPCP packet arrives before this stage, it will be discarded. Using IPv6CP messages to transmit network configuration parameter information, firstly, each network configuration parameter needs to be defined in a way that conforms to the IPv6CP message format:

The standard format of the IPv6CP process message is shown in Table 6:

Table 6:

0 1 1 2 2 3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

|                          

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

~ ~

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

in:

Type: Indicates the type, which can be defined as follows:

Length: Indicates the length of the attribute, including the length of Type and Length itself, in units of 8 bits. Cannot be 0, the maximum is 255 bytes;

Value: specific Option (attribute, option) content. the

The content shown in Table 7 is the value defined by the RFC2472 protocol:

Table 7: type Option Name 0x01 Interface-Identifier 0x02 IPv6-Compression-Protocol

In order to realize the present invention, it is also necessary to newly define values as shown in Table 8, and the Type value in Table 8 can also be other values, as long as it is guaranteed that the attribute values do not conflict:

Table 8: type Option Name

0x03 IPv6-Prefix 0x04 IPv6-DNS 0x05 IPv6-WINS

The specific format of the IPv6-Prefix parameter information can be shown in Table 9:

0 1 2 2 3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

| Type | Length | Prefix Length |L|A| Reserved1 |

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

| Valid Lifetime |

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

| Preferred Lifetime |

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

| Reserved2 |

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

| | |

+ + +

| | |

+ IPv6-Prefix +

| | |

+ + +

| | |

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Type: 8-bit, 0x03, other values can also be used, as long as there is no conflict;

Length: 8-bit, the length of the entire attribute, with 8 bits as the length unit;

Prefix Length: 8-bit, indicating the length of the prefix, with 8 bits as the length unit, ranging from 0 to 128;

L: 1-bit, 1 means it can be used on the link, 0 means it is prohibited;

A: 1-bit, 1 means automatic configuration is possible, 0 means forbidden;

Reserved1: 6-bit, reserved, all must be filled with 0;

Valid Lifetime: 32-bit unsigned long integer, the unit is second, indicating the valid time of Prefix, all 1 means infinite length;

Preferred Lifetime: 32-bit unsigned long integer, the unit is second, indicating the time used after generating the stateless configuration address, all 1 means infinite length;

Reserved2: 32-bit, reserved, all must be filled with 0;

IPv6-Prefix: Prefix content. the

In addition, the specific formats of the DNS parameter and the WINS parameter are the same as those in Table 4 and Table 5 above. the

These three parameter attributes are optional in the IPv6CP process. If they do not appear, the host should perform stateless address configuration or stateful address configuration (that is, DHCPv6) process after the PPP process, and obtain Prefix, Prefix, Parameters such as IPv6-DNS and IPv6-WINS. If it appears, these three parameters must all appear, which means that under IPv6, choose to configure the corresponding three parameters through the IPv6CP process of PPP. If the configuration is successful, the host will not perform the subsequent automatic configuration process. the

Moreover, if the three parameter attributes are used, they need to appear together with the Interface-Identifier (interface identifier) attribute, that is, the three parameters are carried in the message sending the interface identifier to the host and sent to the host. the

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention can easily think of changes or Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims. the

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method that host computer obtains network configuration parameter in IPv6 network, it is characterized in that, comprising: Hosts that cannot communicate with the IPv6-based DHCPv6 server access the IPv6 network; The network end sends the network configuration parameters that need to be sent to the host end to the host end in the protocol message carried in the content of the expandable field; The network configuration parameters described include: Prefix Prefix, Domain Name System DNS and Windows Internet Name Service WINS parameters, wherein said Prefix parameter information includes type value, attribute length value, parameter length value, link use sign, automatic configuration sign, and said DNS parameter The information includes type value, attribute length value, number of DNS addresses or DNS address information, and the information of the WINS parameter includes type value, attribute length value, number of WINS addresses or WINS address information; The network end sends the network configuration parameters that need to be sent to the host end to the host end in the protocol message containing the content of the expandable field, including: Send the DNS and WINS parameters along with the Prefix to the host end by expanding the content information carried in the route announcement message RA; The IPv6CP procedure message of the point-to-point protocol PPP is sent to the host side together. 2. the method for host computer acquisition network configuration parameter in the IPv6 network according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises in the described DNS and WINS parameter information: reserved field. 3. the method that host computer obtains network configuration parameter in the IPv6 network according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in stateless address allocation process, this method further comprises: A. During the stateless address allocation process, the host end sends a routing request RS message to the router end; B. The router returns a route announcement RA message to the host, and the message carries the Prefix, DNS and WINS parameter information configured for the host. 4. the method that host computer obtains network configuration parameter in the IPv6 network according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described step B comprises: The DNS and WINS parameter information are carried in newly defined fields of the RA message. 5. the method that host computer obtains network configuration parameter in the IPv6 network according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the IPv6 network of applying PPP, this method further comprises: Extend the content of the IPv6 control protocol IPv6CP message in the PPP stage, and use the field of the extended content to carry the Prefix, DNS and WINS parameter information, and send it to the host side together with the IPv6CP message, and the host side obtains the above-mentioned Prefix, DNS and WINS parameter.

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