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CN1741346B - 能量管理系统和方法 - Google Patents

能量管理系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1741346B
CN1741346B CN2005100849391A CN200510084939A CN1741346B CN 1741346 B CN1741346 B CN 1741346B CN 2005100849391 A CN2005100849391 A CN 2005100849391A CN 200510084939 A CN200510084939 A CN 200510084939A CN 1741346 B CN1741346 B CN 1741346B
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battery
temperature
energy
motor
management apparatus
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CN1741346A (zh
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约翰·丘巴伊
约翰·普罗耶蒂
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Ford Motor Co
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    • H02J7/977—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/16—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles comprising converters between the power source and the motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/975—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/246—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

一种在车辆之内对能量进行有效管理的系统和方法，其中所述车辆包括电池和电机。所述方法包括通过使用电机产生电能，以及确定电池温度和电池的充电状态。所述方法还包括将来自电机的电能施加到电池以在电池的充电状态小于预定的电池充电限度以及电池温度大于较低充电效率温度时同时充电和加热电池。

Description

能量管理系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于车辆之内充电和加热电池的系统和方法。
背景技术
如所公知，可充电电池在较宽范围的车辆应用中用于电能的存储。在具有再生制动的车辆的情况下，在车辆操作者刹车导致否则将作为热丧失的能量被供给到电池以进行充电。一旦车辆开始再次加速，电池可以被利用作为电源来协助车辆加速。但是，公知的是电池的性能受到电池的内部和周围温度的影响。尤其是在教冷的气候下，电池接受电荷的能力随着温度的降低变得逐渐更加困难。结果，车辆在教冷的气候下制动能量的回收减小。此外，在教冷的温度环境中，电池的将能量供给到不同的车辆系统和/或者部件的能力受到负面的冲击。在电动车辆、混合电动车辆、燃料电池电动车辆的情况下，不足的电池性能可能更加重要，因为这样的车辆中的电池可以被用作主能量源来使得作为原动力。在这样的应用中，为了改良这些车辆中的电池的性能，电池的温度必须被升高到可接受的操作温度范围之内。
相应地，在一些传统的系统中，设计者已经并入了电池加热器和/或者开发的能够将电流施加到电池由此提高电池的温度的系统。但是这些系统具有几个缺点。例如，这些系统不能够适当地在所述系统之内分配(proportion)能量用于对电池进行充电和加热所述电池。此外，对于传统的系统，通过使用再生制动系统所产生的能量没有在可接受的时间周期之内被最优地分配用于加热和/或者对电池进行充电。
本发明有鉴于此和传统的车辆能量管理系统的其它缺点而提出。其通过允许电池在更冷的环境中的驱动循环中随着其利用制动能量更快地被使用而改良了整个车辆的效率，即燃料经济性，所述制动能量否则将被作为摩擦制动中的热散发。其也具有改良摩擦制动的整个寿命的益处。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种在车辆之内用于有效地管理能量的系统和方法，其中车辆包括电池和电机。所述方法包括通过使用电机产生电能并确定电池充电限度，所述限度是电池充电状态、电池温度和可获得的总的再生能量的函数。所述方法还包括将来自电机的电能施加到电池以在可获得的总的再生能量大于电池的充电限度以及电池温度大于较低充电效率温度但是小于较高充电效率温度时同时充电和加热所述电池。所述方法还公开了将来自电机的电能施加到电池以在电池温度小于较低充电电池效率温度时加热电池。此外，所述方法包括将来自电机的电能施加到电池以在电池温度大于较高充电效率温度时对电池充电。
能量管理系统也被提供，其包括：电池，所述电池被配置以接收电能，以及电机，所述电机能够产生电能。能量管理系统还包括与电池和电机一起可操作的能量管理系统并被配置以确定电池温度和电池的充电状态。能量管理装置也被配置以基于被确定的电池充电限度来产生信号，其是电池的充电状态、电池温度和可获得的总的再生能量的函数以使得能够同时对电池进行充电和加热。能量管理装置也产生用于在可获得的总的再生能量大于电池充电限度以及电池温度大于较低充电效率温度但是小于较高充电效率温度时用于同时充电和加热电池的信号。所述系统属性还包括能量管理装置，所述能量管理装置能够在电池温度小于较低充电效率温度时用于加热电池的信号。
附图说明
本发明的这些和其它特征和优点将从下述的详细说明并结合附图而详细了解到，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的实施例的具有被配置以有效地分配用于充电和/或者加热电池的被回收能量的再生制动系统的车辆；
图2是显示了可获得的总的再生能量和电池充电限度对电池温度的图形；以及
图3显示了根据本发明的实施例中用于有效地分配用于充电和/或者加热电池的再生制动能量的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，显示了具有再生制动系统的车辆12。车辆12包括连接到电机/发电机16的引擎14。如图所示，电机16机械地连接到车轮18。电机16被配置以将电机力施加到车轮18。此外，电机16被配置以将机械能在制动事件过程中转换为电动能量并将那电动能量供给到电池26用于存储。车辆12进一步包括与电机16连通的能量管理装置20。能量管理装置20也适于与加热器装置22、温度传感器24和电池26连通。能量管理装置20可以包括具有存储器存储和数据处理能力的控制器20a。能量管理装置20也可以包括用于将电机16所产生的电能转向(divert)到加热器22和/或者电池26的功率转向装置20b。功率转向装置20b可以包括功率晶体管结构以接收电信号并将所接收的信号根据通过控制器20a所产生的控制信号而转向。在一些实施例中，温度传感器24可以与能量管理装置20集成。
认识到车辆12可以是具有再生制动功能的电动车辆、混合电动车辆或者燃料电池电动车辆。相应地，能量管理装置20适于处理来自电机16和温度传感器24的信号用于确定电池26的充电和/或者加热要求。在一些实施例中，电池26可以是铅酸型电池、镍金属氢化物型电池或者锂离子型电池。在任一实施例中，通过使用能量管理装置20、加热器22和温度传感器24的车辆被构造以确定电池26的温度和电池充电限度。相应地，在确定电池26的电池温度、电池充电限度和可获得的总的再生能量时，能量管理装置20能够将通过电机16所产生的电能转向到电池26用于充电和/或者用于加热电池的加热器22。
现在参照图2，显示了可获得的总的再生能量和电池充电限度对电池温度的图形。如通过大括号30、32、34所指示，电池26的操作温度可以被分隔为不同的充电和/或者加热模式。此外，图2显示了从电机16所获得的总的再生能量(Eregen)38以及电池充电限度(Ebat_lim)36。电池充电限度36指示电池26(图1)可以充电的上限26。在一个实施例中，电池充电限度大约是400V。
加热模式通过括号30所指示，其中Eregen 38通过能量管理装置20转向到电池22用于加热电池26。部分加热和充电模式通过括号32所指示，其中能量管理装置20将通过电机26所产生的电能转向到用于加热电池26的加热器22和用于充电的电池26。相应地，来自电机16的电能被分配以同时充电和加热电池26。充电模式通过括号34来指示，其中能量管理装置20将通过电机16所产生的电能转向到用于充电的电池26。
如图2中所示，模式30、32、34通过预定的阈值所分开，诸如较低充电效率温度39和较高充电效率温度40。较低充电效率温度39和较高充电效率温度40大小可以根据电池26的特定的实施而变化。但是，能量管理装置20对较低充电效率温度39和较高充电效率温度40根据电池26的特定的实施例而编程。较低充电效率温度39可以被描述为允许同时加热和充电电池26的最小温度。较高充电效率温度40可以被描述为允许充电和加热电池26的最大的温度。如此后所描述，能量管理装置20被构造以处理所接收到的数据和信号以根据加热模式30、加热和充电模式32和充电模式34而适当地分配电机16所产生的电能，如图2所示。
参照图3，显示了通过电机16所产生的电能的有效分配的方法的流程图。因此，步骤42是所述方法的入口点。步骤44包括确定电池的温度、可获得的总的再生能量以及电池充电限度。
如前所述，能量管理装置20被配置以接收和处理来自温度传感器24、电机16和电池26的信号用于确定电池的温度、可获得的总的再生能量和电池充电限度。这样，在步骤46，所述方法确定电池温度是否小于较低充电效率温度。当电池温度小于较低充电效率温度时，来自电机的电能被转向到加热器22，其产生能够施加到电池26的热，如方框48所指示。如果电池温度大于较低效率温度，发生步骤50，其中所述方法确定可获得的总的再生能量是否大于电池充电限度以及电池温度是否小于较高充电效率温度。如果可获得的总的再生能量大于电池充电限度以及电池的温度小于较高充电效率温度，发生步骤52，其中电池被同时加热和充电。当可获得的总的再生能量小于电池充电限度或者电池温度大于较高充电效率温度时，发生步骤54，其中通过电机50所产生的电能被指向到用于充电的电池。
相应地，电池的性能随着再生制动能量被优化地分配以将电池组在最优的时间周期内加热和/或者充电电池组而改良。同样，总的车辆效率在传统的摩擦制动系统中否则将作为热散发的能量通过使用再生制动系统回收时最大化，并用作电源来对电池提供充电和/或者加热。
尽管已经详细地描述了用于执行本发明的最佳模式，与现有技术相似的特征可以进行不同的设计和修改，实施本发明的等同物通过下述权利要求进行限定。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于管理具有电池和电机的车辆的能量的方法，所述方法包括：
通过使用电机产生电能；
确定电池温度、电池充电限度和可获得的总的再生能量；
将来自电机的电能施加到电池以在电池温度小于较低充电效率温度时加热电池；
将来自电机的电能施加到电池以在可获得的总的再生能量大于电池的充电限度以及电池温度大于较低充电效率温度但小于较高充电效率温度时同时充电和加热所述电池，
将来自电机的电能施加到电池以在可获得的总的再生能量小于电池的充电限度以及电池温度大于较低充电效率温度时对所述电池进行充电，
将来自电机的电能施加到电池以在电池温度大于较高充电效率温度时对所述电池进行充电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，通过将来自电机的电能施加到电池以通过将来自电机的电能转向到产生施加到电池的热的加热器装置以及将来自电机的电能转向到用于充电的电池而发生同时充电和加热所述电池。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，确定电池温度电池充电限度和可获得的总的再生能量通过使用能量管理装置和温度传感器发生。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，能量管理装置包括控制器。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，能量管理装置包括功率转向装置。
6.一种用于车辆的能量管理系统，包括：
电池，所述电池被配置以接收电能；
电机，所述电机能够产生电能；以及
能量管理装置，所述能量管理装置可与电池和电机一起可操作，并被配置以确定电池温度和电池充电限度用于基于所确定的电池温度和电池充电限度来产生信号用于有效地同时充电和加热电池，
所述能量管理装置在电池温度小于较低充电效率温度时产生用于加热电池的信号，
所述能量管理装置用于在可获得的总的再生能量大于电池充电限度以及电池温度大于较低充电效率温度但小于较高充电效率温度时产生用于同时充电和加热电池的信号，
所述能量管理装置在可获得的总的再生能量小于电池充电限度以及所述电池温度大于较低充电效率温度时产生用于对所述电池进行充电的信号；
所述能量管理装置在电池温度高于较高充电效率温度时产生用于对电池进行充电的信号。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，能量管理装置包括控制器和功率转向装置。
8.根据权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括被配置以接收通过能量管理装置所产生的信号的加热器装置并产生用于电池的热。
9.一种用于具有能量管理装置、电池和电机的车辆的管理能量方法，所述能量管理装置被配置以确定电池温度、电池充电限度和可获得的总的再生能量，包括：
确定电池温度和电池充电限度；
在电机上接收输入扭矩；
将输入扭矩通过使用电机转换为电能；以及
将来自电机的电能通过使用能量管理装置施加到电池用于在电池温度小于较低充电效率温度时加热电池，
将来自电机的电能通过使用能量管理装置施加到电池用于在可获得的总的再生能量大于电池充电限度以及电池温度大于较低充电效率温度但是小于较高充电效率温度时用于同时充电和加热电池，
将来自电机的电能施加到电池以在可获得的总的再生能量小于电池充电限度以及电池温度大于较低充电效率温度时对电池进行充电，
将来自电机的电能施加到电池以电池温度大于较高充电效率温度时对电池进行充电。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，将来自电机的电能施加到电池以通过将来自电机的电能转向到加热器装置以及将来自电机的电能转向到用于充电的电池而发生同时对电池加热和充电，所述加热器装置产生施加到电池的热。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，确定电池温度、电池充电限度和可获得的总的再生能量通过使用能量管理装置和温度传感器发生。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，能量管理装置包括控制器。
13.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，能量管理装置包括功率转向装置。
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US20060028167A1 (en) 2006-02-09
DE102005034147B4 (de) 2018-08-23

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