CN1630134A - 可调多频带天线 - Google Patents
可调多频带天线 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1630134A CN1630134A CN200410010459.6A CN200410010459A CN1630134A CN 1630134 A CN1630134 A CN 1630134A CN 200410010459 A CN200410010459 A CN 200410010459A CN 1630134 A CN1630134 A CN 1630134A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- antenna
- reactive
- frequency band
- parameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- PEZNEXFPRSOYPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OI(OC(=O)C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=CC=C1 PEZNEXFPRSOYPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100532456 Rattus norvegicus Slc28a2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI20031833A FI121037B (fi) | 2003-12-15 | 2003-12-15 | Säädettävä monikaista-antenni |
| FI20031833 | 2003-12-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1630134A true CN1630134A (zh) | 2005-06-22 |
| CN100416918C CN100416918C (zh) | 2008-09-03 |
Family
ID=29763528
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100104596A Expired - Fee Related CN100416918C (zh) | 2003-12-15 | 2004-12-15 | 可调多频带天线 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7468700B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1544943A1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100416918C (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI121037B (zh) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101911383A (zh) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-12-08 | 诺基亚公司 | 用于无线通信的装置、方法和计算机程序 |
| CN102742074A (zh) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-10-17 | 脉冲芬兰有限公司 | 多波段天线结构 |
| CN102893453A (zh) * | 2010-05-07 | 2013-01-23 | 诺基亚公司 | 天线布置 |
| CN101273492B (zh) * | 2005-09-29 | 2013-03-27 | 索尼爱立信移动通讯股份有限公司 | 多频带曲折型单极天线 |
| WO2014101695A1 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for a tunable antenna |
| CN104597360A (zh) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-06 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | 测试工装和焊接点测试方法、装置及电子设备 |
| US9647630B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2017-05-09 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenna impedance matching apparatus, semiconductor chip, and method |
| CN117559126A (zh) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | 自身电尺寸多频可调的辐射体及多频多模单极子天线 |
Families Citing this family (61)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1989652B (zh) | 2004-06-28 | 2013-03-13 | 脉冲芬兰有限公司 | 天线部件 |
| FI20041455A7 (fi) | 2004-11-11 | 2006-05-12 | Pulse Finland Oy | Antennikomponentti |
| US8378892B2 (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2013-02-19 | Pulse Finland Oy | Antenna component and methods |
| WO2007098810A2 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2007-09-07 | Fractus, S.A. | Antenna contacting assembly |
| FI20055420A0 (fi) | 2005-07-25 | 2005-07-25 | Lk Products Oy | Säädettävä monikaista antenni |
| FI20050874A7 (fi) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-03 | Valtion Teknillinen | Monitaajuusantenni FRID-sovelluksille |
| FI119535B (fi) | 2005-10-03 | 2008-12-15 | Pulse Finland Oy | Monikaistainen antennijärjestelmä |
| FI119009B (fi) | 2005-10-03 | 2008-06-13 | Pulse Finland Oy | Monikaistainen antennijärjestelmä |
| FI118872B (fi) | 2005-10-10 | 2008-04-15 | Pulse Finland Oy | Sisäinen antenni |
| FI118782B (fi) | 2005-10-14 | 2008-03-14 | Pulse Finland Oy | Säädettävä antenni |
| WO2007128340A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2007-11-15 | Fractus, S.A. | Wireless portable device including internal broadcast receiver |
| FI118837B (fi) | 2006-05-26 | 2008-03-31 | Pulse Finland Oy | Kaksoisantenni |
| US8618990B2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2013-12-31 | Pulse Finland Oy | Wideband antenna and methods |
| FI119404B (fi) | 2006-11-15 | 2008-10-31 | Pulse Finland Oy | Sisäinen monikaista-antenni |
| US10211538B2 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2019-02-19 | Pulse Finland Oy | Directional antenna apparatus and methods |
| JP4253359B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-16 | 2009-04-08 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 通信システム |
| EP2140517A1 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2010-01-06 | Fractus, S.A. | Wireless device including a multiband antenna system |
| FI20075269A0 (fi) | 2007-04-19 | 2007-04-19 | Pulse Finland Oy | Menetelmä ja järjestely antennin sovittamiseksi |
| US7830320B2 (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2010-11-09 | Ethertronics, Inc. | Antenna with active elements |
| FI120427B (fi) | 2007-08-30 | 2009-10-15 | Pulse Finland Oy | Säädettävä monikaista-antenni |
| FI124129B (fi) * | 2007-09-28 | 2014-03-31 | Pulse Finland Oy | Kaksoisantenni |
| US7876273B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2011-01-25 | Nokia Corporation | Apparatus and method |
| US20120119955A1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2012-05-17 | Zlatoljub Milosavljevic | Adjustable multiband antenna and methods |
| US9917359B2 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2018-03-13 | Ethertronics, Inc. | Repeater with multimode antenna |
| JP2010114719A (ja) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-05-20 | Nec Electronics Corp | スイッチング回路 |
| KR101038435B1 (ko) * | 2009-04-06 | 2011-06-01 | 주식회사 이엠따블유 | 메타머티리얼을 사용한 다중 대역 안테나 및 이를 포함하는 통신 장치 |
| US8141784B2 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2012-03-27 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Encoded information reading terminal with user-configurable multi-protocol wireless communication interface |
| FI20096134A0 (fi) | 2009-11-03 | 2009-11-03 | Pulse Finland Oy | Säädettävä antenni |
| US20110116424A1 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-05-19 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Network-agnostic encoded information reading terminal |
| FI20096251A0 (sv) | 2009-11-27 | 2009-11-27 | Pulse Finland Oy | MIMO-antenn |
| US8847833B2 (en) | 2009-12-29 | 2014-09-30 | Pulse Finland Oy | Loop resonator apparatus and methods for enhanced field control |
| US8519895B2 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2013-08-27 | Nokia Corporation | Keys and keylines used for antenna purposes |
| FI20105158A7 (fi) | 2010-02-18 | 2011-08-19 | Pulse Finland Oy | Kuorisäteilijällä varustettu antenni |
| US9406998B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 | 2016-08-02 | Pulse Finland Oy | Distributed multiband antenna and methods |
| FI20115072A0 (fi) | 2011-01-25 | 2011-01-25 | Pulse Finland Oy | Moniresonanssiantenni, -antennimoduuli ja radiolaite |
| US8648752B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2014-02-11 | Pulse Finland Oy | Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods |
| US9673507B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2017-06-06 | Pulse Finland Oy | Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods |
| US8866689B2 (en) | 2011-07-07 | 2014-10-21 | Pulse Finland Oy | Multi-band antenna and methods for long term evolution wireless system |
| US9450291B2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2016-09-20 | Pulse Finland Oy | Multiband slot loop antenna apparatus and methods |
| US10013588B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2018-07-03 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Encoded information reading terminal with multi-directional antenna |
| US8596533B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2013-12-03 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | RFID devices using metamaterial antennas |
| US8779898B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2014-07-15 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Encoded information reading terminal with micro-electromechanical radio frequency front end |
| US9123990B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2015-09-01 | Pulse Finland Oy | Multi-feed antenna apparatus and methods |
| US9531058B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2016-12-27 | Pulse Finland Oy | Loosely-coupled radio antenna apparatus and methods |
| US9484619B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2016-11-01 | Pulse Finland Oy | Switchable diversity antenna apparatus and methods |
| US8988296B2 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2015-03-24 | Pulse Finland Oy | Compact polarized antenna and methods |
| TWI539656B (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2016-06-21 | 宏碁股份有限公司 | 行動通訊裝置 |
| US9979078B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2018-05-22 | Pulse Finland Oy | Modular cell antenna apparatus and methods |
| US10069209B2 (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2018-09-04 | Pulse Finland Oy | Capacitively coupled antenna apparatus and methods |
| US10079428B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2018-09-18 | Pulse Finland Oy | Coupled antenna structure and methods |
| US9647338B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2017-05-09 | Pulse Finland Oy | Coupled antenna structure and methods |
| US9893427B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2018-02-13 | Ethertronics, Inc. | Antenna-like matching component |
| US9634383B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2017-04-25 | Pulse Finland Oy | Galvanically separated non-interacting antenna sector apparatus and methods |
| US9680212B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2017-06-13 | Pulse Finland Oy | Capacitive grounding methods and apparatus for mobile devices |
| US9590308B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2017-03-07 | Pulse Electronics, Inc. | Reduced surface area antenna apparatus and mobile communications devices incorporating the same |
| US9350081B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 | 2016-05-24 | Pulse Finland Oy | Switchable multi-radiator high band antenna apparatus |
| US9948002B2 (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2018-04-17 | Pulse Finland Oy | Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods |
| US9973228B2 (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2018-05-15 | Pulse Finland Oy | Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods |
| US9722308B2 (en) | 2014-08-28 | 2017-08-01 | Pulse Finland Oy | Low passive intermodulation distributed antenna system for multiple-input multiple-output systems and methods of use |
| US9906260B2 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2018-02-27 | Pulse Finland Oy | Sensor-based closed loop antenna swapping apparatus and methods |
| CN108598668B (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2024-05-24 | 京信网络系统股份有限公司 | 便携式通信终端及其pifa天线 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02308604A (ja) | 1989-05-23 | 1990-12-21 | Harada Ind Co Ltd | 移動通信用平板アンテナ |
| EP0687030B1 (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 2001-09-26 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Antenna unit |
| US5874926A (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 1999-02-23 | Murata Mfg Co. Ltd | Matching circuit and antenna apparatus |
| JPH1028013A (ja) | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 平面アンテナ |
| JPH10224142A (ja) | 1997-02-04 | 1998-08-21 | Kenwood Corp | 共振周波数切換え可能な逆f型アンテナ |
| US6353443B1 (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2002-03-05 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Miniature printed spiral antenna for mobile terminals |
| JP2000114856A (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-21 | Nec Saitama Ltd | 逆fアンテナおよびそれを用いた無線装置 |
| FI113588B (fi) * | 1999-05-10 | 2004-05-14 | Nokia Corp | Antennirakenne |
| JP2001053543A (ja) | 1999-08-12 | 2001-02-23 | Sony Corp | アンテナ装置 |
| FI113911B (fi) * | 1999-12-30 | 2004-06-30 | Nokia Corp | Menetelmä signaalin kytkemiseksi ja antennirakenne |
| FR2812766B1 (fr) | 2000-08-01 | 2006-10-06 | Sagem | Antenne a surface(s) rayonnante(s) plane(s) et telephone portable comportant une telle antenne |
| JP2002076750A (ja) * | 2000-08-24 | 2002-03-15 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | アンテナ装置およびそれを備えた無線機 |
| EP1362388B1 (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2007-06-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Patch antenna with switchable reactive components for multiple frequency use in mobile communications |
| US6950065B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2005-09-27 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Mobile communication device |
| FI113813B (fi) * | 2001-04-02 | 2004-06-15 | Nokia Corp | Sähköisesti viritettävä monikaistainen tasoantenni |
| US6690251B2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2004-02-10 | Kyocera Wireless Corporation | Tunable ferro-electric filter |
| US6836249B2 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-12-28 | Motorola, Inc. | Reconfigurable antenna for multiband operation |
| US6975278B2 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2005-12-13 | Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute, Co., Ltd. | Multiband branch radiator antenna element |
-
2003
- 2003-12-15 FI FI20031833A patent/FI121037B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-12-03 EP EP04396079A patent/EP1544943A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-12-09 US US11/008,447 patent/US7468700B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-15 CN CNB2004100104596A patent/CN100416918C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101273492B (zh) * | 2005-09-29 | 2013-03-27 | 索尼爱立信移动通讯股份有限公司 | 多频带曲折型单极天线 |
| CN101911383B (zh) * | 2007-12-21 | 2017-03-15 | 诺基亚技术有限公司 | 用于无线通信的装置、方法和计算机程序 |
| CN101911383A (zh) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-12-08 | 诺基亚公司 | 用于无线通信的装置、方法和计算机程序 |
| CN102742074A (zh) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-10-17 | 脉冲芬兰有限公司 | 多波段天线结构 |
| CN102742074B (zh) * | 2009-12-14 | 2014-08-06 | 脉冲芬兰有限公司 | 多波段天线结构 |
| CN102893453A (zh) * | 2010-05-07 | 2013-01-23 | 诺基亚公司 | 天线布置 |
| US10122402B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2018-11-06 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a tunable antenna |
| WO2014101695A1 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for a tunable antenna |
| US9647630B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2017-05-09 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenna impedance matching apparatus, semiconductor chip, and method |
| CN104597360A (zh) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-06 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | 测试工装和焊接点测试方法、装置及电子设备 |
| CN104597360B (zh) * | 2015-02-11 | 2019-03-01 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | 测试工装和焊接点测试方法、装置及电子设备 |
| CN117559126A (zh) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | 自身电尺寸多频可调的辐射体及多频多模单极子天线 |
| CN117559126B (zh) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-03-29 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | 自身电尺寸多频可调的辐射体及多频多模单极子天线 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI121037B (fi) | 2010-06-15 |
| FI20031833L (fi) | 2005-06-16 |
| EP1544943A1 (en) | 2005-06-22 |
| US7468700B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
| US20050128152A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
| FI20031833A0 (fi) | 2003-12-15 |
| CN100416918C (zh) | 2008-09-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100416918C (zh) | 可调多频带天线 | |
| EP1469549B1 (en) | Adjustable multi-band PIFA antenna | |
| KR100992919B1 (ko) | 조절가능 다중 대역 안테나 | |
| US7663551B2 (en) | Multiband antenna apparatus and methods | |
| KR101194227B1 (ko) | 조절가능 다중대역 안테나 | |
| US8629813B2 (en) | Adjustable multi-band antenna and methods | |
| CN1460310A (zh) | 用于移动通信的内部多波段天线 | |
| CN1473376A (zh) | 天线装置 | |
| WO2002052679A1 (en) | Dual band wideband adjustable antenna assembly | |
| CN1650469A (zh) | 天线装置 | |
| KR20040062652A (ko) | 듀얼 밴드 안테나 장치 및 무선 통신 장치 | |
| WO2007136330A2 (en) | Antenna device and portable radio communication device comprising such an antenna device | |
| EP2081253A1 (en) | Antenna device and portable radio communication device comprising such an antenna device | |
| CN112864589A (zh) | 天线结构及通信装置 | |
| JP2001251128A (ja) | 多周波アンテナ |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: LK PRODUCTS CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: FILTLANGNIK LK CO., LTD. Effective date: 20050930 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20050930 Address after: Finland kempele Applicant after: LK Products OY Address before: Finland kempele Applicant before: Firtronic LK Co., Ltd. |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20080903 Termination date: 20121215 |