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CN1625880B - 在具有可变带宽的网络上流式传输多媒体数据 - Google Patents

在具有可变带宽的网络上流式传输多媒体数据 Download PDF

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CN1625880B
CN1625880B CN038029227A CN03802922A CN1625880B CN 1625880 B CN1625880 B CN 1625880B CN 038029227 A CN038029227 A CN 038029227A CN 03802922 A CN03802922 A CN 03802922A CN 1625880 B CN1625880 B CN 1625880B
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CN1625880A (zh
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P·根特里
Y·拉曼兹恩
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Abstract

一种在具有可变带宽的网络上流式传输多媒体数据的方法包括编码来自于一个多媒体源的数据的步骤，以及提供一组由包含编码多媒体数据的流元素构成的一组编码流的步骤。编码流具有与特定的解码参数值相关的各种预定比特率，其将被传送到客户应用解码器，用于使客户解码器相对于它们各自的特定解码参数值解码流元素。编码步骤包括为至少一部分解码参数确定公共值，从而使解码器能够使用相同的解码参数值解码至少一组流中的所有流元素的初级步骤，以及建立所述流组的步骤，对于该流组指定公共的解码参数值。

Description

在具有可变带宽的网络上流式传输多媒体数据
发明的领域
本发明涉及一种多媒体传输。尤其是，本发明涉及一种在具有可变带宽的网络上流式传输多媒体数据的方法，该方法包括对来自于多媒体源的数据编码以及提供一组由包含编码多媒体数据的流元素形成的编码流的步骤，编码流具有与特定的解码参数值相关的各种预定比特率，该参数值通过服务器传送到客户应用解码器，使客户应用解码器能够相对于它们的特定解码参数值对流元素进行解码。
本发明也涉及一种编码器和服务器，以及包括这种编码器和服务器的发射机。
本发明也涉及一种执行上述方法的计算机程序产品，以及携带这种计算机程序的信号。
本发明应用于网络上的多媒体流动系统，所述网络的有效瞬时带宽随时间改变。尤其是，其应用于在使用MPEG-4音频和视频标准(运动图像专家组-4)的移动通信系统上的视频传输。
背景技术
诸如GPRS(通用分组无线电系统)或者UMTS(通用移动通信系统)以及互联网的移动网络通常不提供服务质量的担保。由于例如拥挤，传输误差，或者资源共享，有效的瞬时带宽随时间变化。在这种网络上流动的多媒体的结构中，服务器必须提供合适的结构适应这些变化从而一方面减小数据损失，另一方面提高客户接收内容的质量。解决该问题的传统方法是已知的“流分配”。媒体编码器将相同的内容编码成不同比特率的几个流。对于目前的可用带宽，选择合适的流，即对于该可用带宽具有合适的比特率的流，通过媒体服务器传输到客户，其操作相应的流转换，从而选择待传送的所述合适的流。
发明目的和发明概述
本发明的目的是提供一种在多媒体流式传输结构中的编码方法，其能够为终端用户提供更好的服务质量。
本发明考虑下述方面。媒体编码器编码具有预定比特率的流，该编码流通过媒体服务器提供给客户应用。编码器使用根据流的内容和目标比特率选定的编码信息。选定该信息从而优化客户应用解码器在传输系统的另一端接收的内容质量。信息必须被传送到客户应用解码器，由解码器合理配置，从而能够相对于它们的内容和比特率对编码流进行正确的解码。因此，每一流都具有其自己的解码结构。这样，当服务器从一个流转换到另一个流时，例如，为了使提供的流的比特率适合于网络的可用带宽，需要将与新提供的流相应的新的解码器结构传送给客户解码器。然后解码器利用新的解码器结构重新进行初始化。因此，流转换对于客户来说是并不是无缝转换的，而且从终端用户的角度来看，可能影响服务的质量。
为了克服这一不足，本发明提供一种在上述开始段落中涉及的方法，其中编码步骤包括在一组编码流中，为适合于至少一组流的至少一部分解码参数确定公共值，从而使该解码器能够使用相同的解码参数值解码来自于所述流组中的所有流的所有流元素的初级步骤，以及建立所述流组的步骤，该流组被赋予具有公共解码参数值。
根据本发明，形成一组并且与相同的多媒体内容相应的几个流以不同的比特率编码，从而使该组中的所有流与相同的解码器结构相对应。这使得该解码器能够在相同的组中从一个流转换到另一个流，而不用重新初始化其解码参数。
附图简述
根据下文参照附图进行的描述，本发明以及可以用于执行本发明实现其优势的附加特征可以变得清楚，其中：
附图1是用于解释根据本发明的一个系统以及包括一个服务器和一个解码器的发射机的方框图，
附图2示意性的描述了根据本发明在一个媒体服务器中的流转换机制，
附图3是用于解释根据本发明的编码方法的框图，
附图4是用于解释根据本发明的第一实施例的编码方法的例子的框图，
附图5示意性的描述了根据本发明的一个优选实施例的编码方法产生的视频流的例子。
附图详述
下面的标记涉及参考符号。在所有的附图中同样的结构用相同的参考字母表示。
附图1表明了根据本发明的多媒体流式传输系统的基本特征。该系统包括一个多媒体源1，一个发射机2，一个诸如移动无线通信网络或者互联网的网络3，以及一个接收机4。发射机包括一个媒体编码器12和一个媒体服务器13。媒体编码器12从多媒体源1接收多媒体数据并且产生一组编码流，用S1，S2和S3表示，由包含所述多媒体数据的连续流元素构成。对于一个给定的多媒体源，在该组{S1，S2，S3}中所有产生的编码流包括相同的多媒体内容，但是具有不同的预定比特率，分别用R1，R2，R3表示。比特率是预先确定的从而使系统能够为接收机的客户应用提供一组不同的服务质量，一方面这是根据传送内容的特征选择的，每一内容(音频，固定图像，视频，等)都需要一个特定的可用带宽，另一方面是根据客户应用程序的用户(终端用户)所需的服务质量选择的。各种不同的可用比特率也可用于使系统应付各种可用带宽，其经常造成传送流的比特率的降低。事实上，网络的有效可用带宽可以相对于几个参数而随时间变化。这些参数包括目前的通信量和无线传输条件，这些都可能极大的影响当前可用的带宽。相对于目前可用带宽和所需的服务质量，流转换装置14通过媒体服务器13将合适的流提供给接收机4。
附图1表明了使用这种文件的系统：在该文件中包含待编码的媒体并且将编码的比特流存储在该文件当中。不过，在实时上下文中，该原则也有效：媒体源1可以是一个现场源(例如摄像机)并且服务器13可以直接广播编码器12的一个输出。
附图2表明了附图1中的编码器12产生的、来自于分别表示为S1和S2的两个不同的编码流的混合编码流，用HS表示。根据本发明，使用流转换装置14建立混合流HS。每一个编码流S1和S2都使用特定的编码参数编码，编码参数是相对于包括比特率的几个参数选择的，并且与特定的解码参数值相对应。因此，由选定的编码参数值产生的解码参数值必须被传送到接收机，从而使接收机能够正确的解码接收流的内容。编码流由流元素构成，被称为访问单元(AU)，编码流附加了表明传送流中的访问单元位置的时间标记。根据本发明，公共解码参数被赋予从编码流组中选出的一组流中的所有编码流，从而使接收机的解码器能够对该组中的所有流以相同的方式初始化。因此，当服务器在相同流组中从一个流S1转换到另一个流S2时，不需要重新配置解码器。转换机制从而得到简化，并且避免解码器参数的几次重新配置。产生的新的混合流HS由来自于流S1和S2的流元素或者访问单元构成。因此，比特率从比特率S1变化到比特率S2。由于所有流元素的解码参数是相同的，流转换对于解码器的结构没有任何影响。
根据媒体源1的特征(例如，视频情况下的尺寸和帧速率)和用户设定(所需的提供给终端用户的流的比特率)，编码器12确定适于具有不同的预定比特率，并且形成一组流的几个流的公共解码结构(解码参数)。然后，编码器使用先前确定的公共解码结构，以目标比特率编码每一流。
附图3表明了在根据本发明的一个编码方法中转换流的算法。根据本发明，产生附图2所示的混合流HS。该算法包括下列步骤：
-K0：接收客户请求(RX)，
-K1：利用当前的传送流(S＝Sc)和索引t为0(t＝0)的位置，初始化流转换装置，
-K2：相对于当前流(dec_par Sc)传输解码器结构，
-K3：传输当前流的下一个访问单元(next_AU(Sc，t))，
-K4：增加变量t(t++)，
-K5：检查相对于当前的带宽条件(？)，是否需要转换到下一流，如果答案是是(Y)，前进到K6，如果答案是否(N)，返回到K3。
-K6：按照新的带宽条件确定一个新的流(Sn？)，
-K7：将当前流更新为新的流(S＝Sn)并且返回到K3。
附图4表明了适于MPEG-4视频传输系统的本发明的特定实施例中的编码方法的例子。该实施例涉及视频内容的传输，视频内容数据根据ISO/IEC14496-2：2001建议编码为MPEG-4格式。
MPEG-4视频流是连续的访问单元，包含表示视频图像的视频对象平面，表示为VOP。存在三种VOP：帧内帧，表示为I或者I-VOP，预测帧，表示为P或者P-VOP以及双向预测帧，表示为B或者B-VOP。I-VOP是一个帧自己包含的帧。这意味着I-VOP的所有编码元素都包含在当前的I-VOP帧当中。P-VOP使用前面帧的信息编码。P-VOP的解码需要显示顺序的流中的前一个VOP的信息。B-VOP与P-VOP类似，但是在前后两个方向预测.B-VOP使用显示顺序中前面的和接下来的帧或者平面进行编解码。每一种VOP都具有特定的编码和解码特征，这将影响比特率。因此，它们具有特定的解码参数，这些参数在一个预定的访问单元内，在新的视频流开始时进行传输，称为视频对象层报头，用VOL表示。
解码参数包括一个“低_延迟”参数和一个“时间_增加_分辨”参数。“低_延迟”参数表示流中B-VOP的使用。“时间_增加_分辨”参数表示考虑传送访问单元的所有时间标记，适于该流的时间级别。根据本发明，解码器已知指定给每一数据流的预定编码参数，包括用户设定的编码器选择一组具有共同的解码参数的流，并且确定所述共同参数的值。在附图4所示的实施例中，指定了公共值的所述共同参数是低_延迟”参数和“时间_增加_分辨”参数。编码器确定一个适于选定的组中的所有流的共同时间级别并且确定在该组中是否使用B-VOP。
例如，编码器使用该组的最小时间级别编码所有的数据流并且将“低_延迟”参数设为最大，从而表示如果在具有共同解码参数的预定流组中至少一个数据流可以使用B-VOP，那么B-VOP就将被使用。根据本发明，控制流的解码参数从而使其对于所有可用的流中的至少几个流有效，防止传输链的另一端的解码器为了能够解码接收的数据流而不得不经常改变结构。
这有利的使终端用户能够在他的移动电话上以任何比特率观看视频节目，而不会太多的受到比特率变化的影响。由于在流转换以后不需要更新解码参数，因此在视频显示过程中，流转换不会造成解码器停止。解码参数可以经过特定的选择使得从一个流到另一个流始终保持有效。由于例如无线传输或者通信条件的变化造成的可用带宽的变化不会给终端用户带来较大的干扰。实际上，终端用户将完全知道流的转换，因为他接收的视频图像质量，例如在其移动电话上的接收，将受到该流转换的影响，但是视频将不会终止。
附图4表明了根据本发明的一个简单实施例的编码方法的例子，其中相同的公共解码参数被指定给了所有的流(该组等于编码流的全部组)。该方法包括下述步骤：
-K0：为待编码的所有数据流读取用户编码参数(读取)，
-K1：把最大帧速率参数值设定为与待编码的所有帧的最大比特率相应的值(最大_帧_速率＝MAX(编码_帧_速率))，
-K2：计算整数的最小值，表示为p，例如最大帧速率参数值等于p/q，其中q也是一个整数(最大_帧_速率＝p/q)，并且设定时间分辨增加为p(时间_增加_分辨＝p)，
-K3：检查是否至少一个流使用B-VOP(B-VOP？)，如果是(Y)，前进到步骤K4，如果否(N)，前进到步骤K5，
-K4：设定低_延迟参数为0(低_延迟＝0)，
-K5：设定低_延迟参数为1(低_延迟＝1)，
-K6：设定可变索引N为0(N＝0)，
-K7：将步骤K2，K4和K5(VOL)中设定的值代入为VOL报头的时间_增加_分辨和低_延迟字段的值，编码流索引N，
-K8：增加N(N++)，
-K9：检查是否所有的流都已编码(流？)，如果是(Y)，前进到步骤K10，如果否(N)，返回到步骤K7，
-K10：算法结束。
附图5表明了根据本发明的一个优选实施例的编码流的例子。对于一个给定的多媒体内容，所有的选择流以这种方式编码：在接收端使用相同的解码器结构参数。以这种方式，从客户的角度看，从一个流到另一个流的变化是无缝转换的。本实施例特别涉及音频/视频的流式传输，其中视频格式是MPEG-4视频(音频格式可以是任何可流式传输的格式)。
当网络条件变得实在很差的时候，可用带宽不再足够大到可以传送音频和视频流。为了不妨碍服务，一种可以接受的倒退的方式在于终止视频流的传输而只传送音频流。由于流转换不会造成解码参数的更新，服务器不会自动的发信号通知流已经改变。视频包的缺少会被客户解码器理解为误差情况，例如丢失连接或者网路拥挤。这会导致采取不适当的措施。而且，当网络条件变好从而能够再次同时传送音频和视频流时，服务器需要确认客户解码器是否仍需要视频包。
解决该问题的方法是当限制该系统传送可接受的视频流的可用带宽时，将预定的最小比特率的视频流，表示为MBREVS，代替期望的视频流，与音频流一同发送。根据MBRVS解决方案，虽然有些视频包仍然被传送给客户，但是其非常稀少并且具有最小尺寸。因此，服务器将象仍在规则的流式传输音频和视频流一样工作，但是视频流不再占用相当大的一部分的带宽。这特别适用于编码数据流组中具有最低比特率的数据流。从服务器的观点来看，在这种比特流(期望仅传送编码音频数据)和其它的比特流(包含真正的音频和视频数据)之间没有区别。
在附图5中表示了这种最小比特率视频流MBRVS。它包括一个如图4所述的用于传送公共解码参数的第一访问单元VOL，和接下来的访问单元VOP。第二和接下来的访问单元包括根据MPEG-4建议的随机访问点，用RAP表示。这些RAP包括一个视频对象类型组的报头，用GOV表示，用于传送一个绝对时间参考，接下来是一个I-VOP类型的帧。由于传送绝对时间参考，RAP允许从一个流到另一个流的轻松转换。该流的第二访问单元包括例如一个VOP-I类型的黑的或者空白的固定图像。在这种情况下，黑图像相应于最简单的编码视频帧。根据本实施例，第三和接下来的访问单元RAP的VOP-I场利用指令，例如“VOP_未_编码”，进行填充，这会使解码器复制前一帧的内容，在这种情况下是黑色的固定图像。“VOP_未_编码”信号仅需要几个比特。
实际上，在MPEG-4视频当中，一个VOP可以在它的报头用“未编码”表示。在流中不再有为该VOP编码的信息，并且相应的图像是它前面的时间参考的精确再复制。唯一需要更新的是VOP的时间标记。因此，MERVS利用先前定义的解码器结构，仅使用“未编码”VOP建立。为了实现对该流的立即转换，所有VOP的编码类型被设定为帧内帧模式VOP-I并且GOV与每个VOP有关(即，VOP是随机访问点)。仅有的例外是数据流的第一VOP。为了实现任何适用MPEG-4的解码器的正确解码，第一VOP被编码为黑VOP。
上文中的附图以及对附图的描述仅是为了说明，而不是限制本发明。很明显，在落入追加权利要求的范围内存在多种变形。

Claims (8)

1.一种从待编码的相同的多媒体数据提供具有各种预定比特率的一个编码流集合的方法，编码流与特定的解码参数值相关，该参数值将被传送到客户应用解码器，从而相对于它们各自的解码参数值解码该集合中的每一编码流，该方法包括为该编码流集合中的至少一个编码流组确定公共解码参数值的步骤，从而使得客户应用解码器能够使用相同的解码参数值解码所述编码流组中的所有流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中客户应用解码器基于运动图像专家组MPEG-4建议，并且其中被指定为公共值的解码参数值包括“低_延迟”和“时间_增加_分辨”参数。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中与编码流组中使用双向预测视频对象平面B_VOP的最高可能性相应的值被指定为“低_延迟”参数。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中与编码流组中所需的最小时间增加分辨相应的值被指定为“时间_增加_分辨”参数。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中客户应用解码器是基于运动图像专家组4MPEG-4建议ISO14496-2MPEG-4视频的，每个编码流包含具有分别编码音频和视频数据的视频编码流和音频编码流的一对编码流，并且其中一对编码流中的至少视频编码流由根据所述建议的被称为访问单元的连续流元素构成，包括：传送公共解码参数值的第一访问单元、传送根据所述建议的帧内帧类型的预定的固定图像的第二访问单元以及包括根据所述建议用于传送绝对时间参考和类型信息“VOP_未_编码”的随机访问点信息的第三和接下来的访问单元，类型信息指示客户应用解码器复制前一访问单元。
6.一种从待编码的相同的多媒体数据提供具有各种预定比特率的一个编码流集合的编码器，编码流与特定的解码参数值相关，该参数值将被传送到客户应用解码器，从而相对于它们各自的解码参数值解码该集合中的每一编码流，该编码器包括为该编码流集合中的至少一个编码流组确定公共解码参数值的装置，从而使得客户应用解码器能够使用相同的解码参数值解码所述编码流组中的所有流。
7.一种为一个客户应用提供编码流的服务器，所述的编码流是从具有来自于一个多媒体源的编码数据的媒体编码器所编码的一个编码流集合中选择出来的，所述编码流具有与特定的解码参数值相关的各种预定比特率，该参数值将通过服务器传送到与相应的选定编码流相关的客户应用解码器，使客户解码器利用它们各自的解码参数值解码流元素，其中编码器包括为适合于该编码流集合中的至少一个编码流组的至少一部分解码参数确定公共值从而使客户应用解码器使用相同的参数值解码来自于所述编码流组的所有流的所有流元素的装置以及建立所述编码流组的装置，所述编码流组被指定具有公共的解码参数值。
8.一种用于在具有可变带宽的网络上流式传输多媒体数据的发射机，该发射机包括：
-一媒体编码器，用于编码来自于多媒体源的数据并且产生由包含编码多媒体数据的流元素构成的一个编码流集合，编码流具有与特定的解码参数值相关的各种预定比特率，该参数值将通过服务器传送到客户应用解码器从而使该客户应用解码器相对于它们各自的解码参数值解码该流元素，以及
-一媒体服务器，用于为客户应用提供从媒体编码器所编码的一个编码流集合中选出的一个编码流，
其中媒体编码器包括用于为适合于该编码流集合中的至少一个编码流组的至少一部分解码参数确定公共值，从而使客户应用解码器使用相同的参数值解码来自于所述编码流组的所有流的所有流元素的装置以及建立所述编码流组的装置，所述编码流组被指定具有公共的解码参数值。
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US7483489B2 (en) 2009-01-27
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