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CN1606891B - 用于wlan和wwan间的自动无缝垂直漫游的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于wlan和wwan间的自动无缝垂直漫游的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN1606891B
CN1606891B CN018055982A CN01805598A CN1606891B CN 1606891 B CN1606891 B CN 1606891B CN 018055982 A CN018055982 A CN 018055982A CN 01805598 A CN01805598 A CN 01805598A CN 1606891 B CN1606891 B CN 1606891B
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CN1606891A (zh
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R·布利治拉利
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0066—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link of control information between different types of networks in order to establish a new radio link in the target network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/04—Reselecting a cell layer in multi-layered cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
    • H04W36/18—Performing reselection for specific purposes for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements

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Abstract

移动台(MS)能够在两个不同网络(即WWAN和WLAN)之间按两种方向中任何一种方向垂直漫游。MS配备有用于WWAN和WLAN发送的双模式无线电。WLAN无线电通过第一空中链路与一WLAN企业网关控制器(EGC)链接，而WWAN无线电则通过第二空中链路与WWAN基站收发台(BTS)链接。EGC与一移动交换中心(MSC)连接，MSC又与BTS连接。当MS检测到分组错误比率、频繁的按比例缩小或一致的信号递减时，WLAN无线电至WWAN上远程方的呼出VoIP呼叫将转变为或无缝切换为WWAN连接。在这类条件下，WLAN无线电请求EGC来请求一经由MSC至MS集成的WWAN无线电部分的明确呼叫转移，MS集成的WWAN无线电部分根据用户的用户识别模块(SIM)中所存储的参考信息自动受理该呼叫。一旦WWAN无线电经过确认与WWAN上远程方连接，WLAN无线电就断开WLAN连接。当MS进入WLAN覆盖区时，一通过WWAN在MS和远程用户之间的来向呼叫将转变为WLAN无线电。MS向WLAN发出一ECT。在WLAN无线电进行用户验证和EGC信号对呼叫受理之后，将WWAN无线电连接挂断，并且在WLAN无线电和WWAN上远程方之间即时建立呼叫。

Description

用于WLAN和WWAN间的自动无缝垂直漫游的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及各种通信系统、方法和程序产品。具体来说，本发明涉及无线局域网(WLAN)和无线广域网(WWAN)之间的自动无缝垂直漫游，同时维持有效的声音或流数据连接的各种系统、方法和程序产品。
背景技术
在为大规模的消费者市场提供“移动互联网”接入的各种设备中，最受欢迎的是无线个人数字助手(WPDA)和“智能”手机。在这一点上，还没有人开发出一种技术，可以将基于WLAN的互联网协议(VoIP)上的话音和流数据与WWAN电路切换电话技术结合起来，以便以无缝的方式自动地进行WWAN与WLAN话音连接之间的转换。利用这种开发，基于WLAN的话音电话技术将有利于管理这两种基础结构的载体，以便当订户移动时，可以用无缝的方式自动地将通信信息从超载的WWAN网移到带宽更高的WLAN网。生产WWAN和WWLAN基础结构产品的载体和网络设备制造商现在可以具备一种机制，用于成功地开展商业活动，宣传基于WWAN和更高速度的WLAN的移动互联网接入。此外，副产品企业和各个消费层次市场将扩展，所产生的多米诺效应是：移动行业的专业人员会努力将其高速互联网和基于IP的话音接入的各种好处带入他们的家庭和小型办公室。
涉及不同的无线网络之间自动的话音或数据转换的原先技术包括：
(1)USP 5,682,379揭示了一种收发器装置，用于在计算机终端与一个或多个外围设备之间创建无线个人局域网。一个分开的收发器被连接到计算机终端和每个外围设备。这些收发器可以在内部或外部被连接到终端或外围设备。使用低功率的无线电在计算机终端与外围设备之间传达信息。可以使用不同的收发器来修改局域网的载频和功率。微处理器位于每个收发器内部，它控制收发器的信息流(包括通信协议，该通信协议使每个设备能够知道其他设备是否正在进行通信、正在向哪些设备传达信息并有选择地对外围设备进行寻址)。对于计算机终端与外围设备之间的信息转换，使用空闲感知通信协议，以提高能源管理的效率并补偿发送冲突。
(2)USP 5,790,527揭示了一种干线无线电通信系统、装置和方法，用于明显地更新现存的频分多址(FDMA)通信设备，以供应时分多址(TDMA)通信。在单独的基础上将各个TDMA信道加给现存的FDMA站点，以提高频谱效率和容量，同时仍然与现存的FDMA设备和协议相兼容。例如，双模式站点和双模式无线电使用现存的FDMA控制信道和协议。双模式无线电收发器有选择地参加FDMA模式或TDMA模式的干线无线电通信。每个双模式无线电包括一存储器，用于存储将每个信道识别为FDMA或TDMA工作信道的一个模式标识符。当分配信道时，双模式无线电根据被存储在存储器中的那个信道模式标识符来确定那个特殊通信是采用FDMA模式操作还是采用TDMA模式操作。而且，通过利用在FDMA控制信道与TDMA工作信道之间建立的定时关系，双模式无线电加速了与TDMA工作信道(时间间隙)的同步。在多重站点的环境下，本发明——干线无线电通信在具有TDMA通信性能的站点及无线电与只具有FDMA性能的站点及无线电之间提供了互用性。
(3)USP 6,075,985揭示了一种固定的无线接入系统，该系统包括用于跟交换中心进行双向通信的一个基站、用于跟多个用户站进行双向通信的一个用户交换机(PBX)和一个无线干线界面(WTI)。WTI通过双向无线空中链路与基站进行通信，通过双向中继线与PBX进行通信。由于无线链路建立在基站处的双无线电单元(DRU)与WTI处的收发器之间，因此，平时分配给当前空中界面中被叫方和主叫方目录号码的时隙必须用来识别参与信息交换的收发器。所以，PBX后面的被呼叫站的DN利用其他的空中界面领域被发送给WTI，并以建立正确的连接可受理的一种格式来呈现给PBX(DID服务)。同样，通过利用对于交换中心使用而言可受理的一种格式，PBX后面的呼叫站的DN被发送给基站并被呈现给交换中心(AIOD服务)。
通过在维持第一个网络上的有效的话音或数据连接的同时检测第二个网络的切换可用性，以便保持现存的连接并连续转变，从而在WLAN与WWAN之间进行自动的无缝垂直漫游。原先的技术没有提到这一点。
发明内容
移动台(MS)能够在两个不同的网络(即WWAN和WLAN)之间垂直地漫游，其中，WWAN包括通用分组无线业务系统(GPRS)，该系统使用现存在的全球移动通信系统(GSM)的基础结构。GSM和GPRS用作此说明中的例子，但该方法同样可应用于其他的WWAN网类型。由于将电路切换话音电话传送通过公共服务电话网络(PSTN)的所有WWAN网也都必须支持一个子集的基本PSTN补充服务，因此，GSM补充服务包括明确呼叫转移(ECT)和主叫方识别(CI)。MS配备有WWAN和WLAN发送的一种双模式无线电。WLAN无线电经由第一个空中链路被连接到WLAN企业网关控制器(EGC)，WWAN无线电设备经由第二个空中链路被连接到WWAN基站收发台(BTS)。EGC被连接到移动交换中心(MSC)，移动交换中心又被连接到BTS。这些连接的性质可以是目前的原先技术所包括的标准有线配置，也可以是无线配置。当MS检测到分组错误比率、频繁的按比例缩小或一致的信号递减时，从WLAN无线电外出到WLAN上的远程方的一个VoIP电话将转变为或以无缝的方式切换为WWAN连接。在这类条件下，WLAN无线电请求EGC经由MSC向MS综合WWAN无线电部分请求明确呼叫转移转移或协商呼叫，该MS集成的WWAN无线电部分根据被存储在用户的用户识别模块(SIM)中的信息来自动受理呼叫。一旦确认WWAN无线电被连接到WWAN上的远程方，WLAN无线电就断开WLAN连接。当MS进入WLAN范围时，一经WWAN的在MS和远程用户之间的来向呼叫转变为WLAN无线电。MS向WLAN发出一个会议电话请求或ECT。在WLAN无线电进行用户证实和EGC信号对该呼叫受理之后，将WWAN无线电连接挂断，并且在WLAN无线电和WWAN上远程方之间即时建立该呼叫。WLAN信令和WLAN VoIP信息发送跟空闲的GSM时间间隙同步。WLAN话音信息发送将在空闲的GSM信令时间间隙期间进行。WLAN信令将在空闲的GSM业务时隙期间发生。数字信号处理器大约每隔10ms收集和压缩各个WLAN VoIP数据通信段，并且包括数字压扩。由于移动台所保持的时间与自由的WWAN时隙同步，因此，为该移动双模式无线电而到达的分组在接入点(AP)被加以缓冲。一旦移动台能够接入WLAN网，它就将发出“PS挂号通信”命令，以便从AP中检索被缓冲的各个帧。处理器从基带处理器接收未加工的WLAN数据帧，并从这些数据帧中提取各种话音取样。在转换为音频流之前，这些取样被放置在“抖动缓冲器”中。抖动缓冲器使和基于分组的网络上的分组到达时间有关的随机的迟延相等。通过监听由一个AP接入点或另一个移动基本服务设置识别发出的、定期预定的信标，MS被动地为WLAN网扫描。或者，移动台可以通过发出探测请求命令来主动地为网络扫描。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种在无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间进行自动无缝垂直漫游SVR的系统，包括：移动台，包括：具有第一主叫方识别符的WWAN无线电，具有第二主叫方识别符的WLAN无线电；WLAN网关，通过接入点与WLAN无线电进行通信，所述WLAN网关被配置为与公共交换电话网络进行通信；移动交换中心，配置为与所述公共交换电话网络PSTN进行通信；WWAN基站收发台，链接到所述WWAN无线电以及所述移动交换中心，所述WWAN基站收发台用于与远程用户进行通信；用于当发生信号递减时，通过所述WLAN网关，使用所述移动交换中心以及所述PSTN，在WLAN上启动移动台和远程用户之间到WWAN的呼叫转移的装置；用于当移动台进入WLAN区域时，通过所述WWAN基站收发台，使用所述移动交换中心以及所述PSTN，在WWAN上启动移动台和远程用户之间到WLAN的呼叫转移的装置；所述WLAN无线电用于当呼叫从WWAN转移到WLAN时验证第一个接收到的主叫方识别符是所述第一主叫方识别符，并基于该验证用信号通知所述WLAN网关以受理或拒绝该呼叫；以及，所述WWAN无线电用于当呼叫从WLAN转移到WWAN时验证第二个接收到的主叫方识别符是所述第二主叫方识别符，并基于该验证用信号通知所述WWAN网关以受理或拒绝该呼叫。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种维持有效话音或数据连接的同时在无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间进行自动无缝垂直漫游的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：通过一移动台，向WWAN基站收发台发出一明确呼叫转移ECT命令，从而启动将与远程方在WWAN上的话音或数据呼叫向WLAN的转移，所述移动台包括：带有主叫方识别符的WWAN无线电，以及WLAN无线电；通过将WLAN信令数据交织在空闲的WWAN业务时隙，而在维持远程方和移动站之间呼叫的同时检查一连接到WLAN无线电的用于WLAN传输的WLAN网关是否被登记到用于WWAN传输的WWAN无线电；通过WLAN无线电验证接收到的主叫方标识符是来自所述WWAN无线电；基于该验证，由所述WLAN无线电受理语音或数据呼叫的转移；在等待建立WLAN连接的同时在移动台处存储分组；挂断WWAN网的语音或数据呼叫；以及通过所述WLAN网关连接所述远程方到WLAN无线电，并将所存储的分组释放给用于WLAN传输的WLAN无线电。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供了一种维持有效话音或数据连接的同时在无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间进行自动无缝垂直漫游的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：通过一移动台，向WLAN网关发出一命令，从而启动将与远程方在WLAN上的语音或数据呼叫向WWAN的转移，所述移动台包括：WWAN无线电，以及带有主叫方识别符的WLAN无线电；在维持所述语音或数据呼叫的同时，由WWAN网检查所述WLAN无线电是否登记到WWAN；通过所述WWAN无线电，验证所接收到的主叫方识别符是来自所述WLAN无线电，并向WWAN提供信令以受理该呼叫；在等待建立WWAN连接的同时在移动台处存储分组；挂断WLAN的语音或数据呼叫；以及，将远程方连接到所述WWAN无线电，并将所存储的分组释放给所述WWAN无线电。
根据本发明的第四方面，提供了一种维持有效话音或数据连接的同时在无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间进行自动无缝垂直漫游的系统，包括：用于通过一移动台向WWAN基站收发台发出一明确呼叫转移ECT命令，由此启动将与远程方在WWAN上的话音或数据呼叫向WLAN的转移的装置，所述移动台包括：带有主叫方识别符的WWAN无线电，以及WLAN无线电；用于通过将WLAN信令数据交织在空闲的WWAN业务时隙，而在维持远程方和移动站之间呼叫的同时检查一连接到WLAN无线电的用于WLAN传输的WLAN网关是否被登记到用于WWAN传输的WWAN无线电的装置；用于通过WLAN无线电验证接收到的主叫方标识符是来自所述WWAN无线电的装置；用于基于该验证，由所述WLAN无线电受理语音或数据呼叫的转移的装置；用于在等待建立WLAN连接的同时在移动台处存储分组的装置；用于挂断WWAN网的语音或数据呼叫的装置；以及，用于通过所述WLAN网关连接所述远程方到WLAN无线电、并将所存储的分组释放给用于WLAN传输的WLAN无线电的装置。
根据本发明的第五方面，提供了一种维持有效话音或数据连接的同时在无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间进行自动无缝垂直漫游的系统，包括：用于通过一移动台向WLAN网关发出一命令，以启动将与远程方在WLAN上的语音或数据呼叫向WWAN的转移的装置，所述移动台包括：WWAN无线电，以及带有主叫方识别符的WLAN无线电；用于在维持所述语音或数据呼叫的同时，由WWAN网检查所述WLAN无线电是否登记到WWAN的装置；用于通过所述WWAN无线电，验证所接收到的主叫方识别符是来自所述WLAN无线电、并向WWAN提供信令以受理该呼叫的装置；用于在等待建立WWAN连接的同时在移动台处存储分组的装置；用于挂断WLAN的语音或数据呼叫的装置；以及，用于将远程方连接到所述WWAN无线电、并将所存储的分组释放给所述WWAN无线电的装置。
附图说明
通过以下结合附图对一较佳实施例的说明将进一步理解本发明。附图当中：
图1表示在WWAN基站、WWLAN接入点和无线个人助手网络(WAN)主收发器中进行无缝垂直漫游(SVR)，WWAN与WPAN网络提供在各个网络之间进行水平漫游；
图2表示经由无线链路被连接到用户并通过服务移动设备被连接到接入点的一个原先技术的GSM/GPRS网络，GSM/GPRS网络被耦合到外部网络(包括ISDN、PSTN、互联网等)；
图3是图2中原先技术的网络中的信息发送与控制的逻辑信道类型的表格；
图4表示由图2的网络中的移动设备发起的呼叫建立过程；
图5表示接收图2的网络中的电话的移动设备；
图6表示在图2中执行SVR的过程中的各种WLAN信令状态；
图7表示使WLAN信令与图4和图5中所示的GSM通信交织；
图8表示使IP上的话音(VOIP)或数据通信与图4和图5中所示的GSM信令交织；
图9表示供图2的网络中的用户使用的一种双模式无线电；
图10表示分层的SVR界面，该界面用于GSM/GPRS网络和根据本发明原理来执行IEEE 802.11的WLAN网；
图11表示使用本发明原理的图2的网络中的WWANs与WLANs之间的SVR的条件；
图12表示在图2的网络中从WLAN到WWAN的SVR；以及，
图13表示在图2的网络中从WWAN到WLAN的SVR。
具体实施方式
图1将无缝垂直漫游(SVR)100描述为逻辑连接在无线广域网(WAN)102、无线局域网(WLAN)104与无线个人助手(WPAN)106之间的自动转移，用于综合的话音/数据通信。称作“蓝芽(Blue Tooth)”的WPAN无线网络由各个工业工作组(包括家庭RF工作组(HRFWG)和蓝芽(SIG))开发。逻辑连接在网络102、104与106之间的转移对于保持话音通信的用户而言是无缝的，同时，无线电子系统自动地在两个实质上不同的网络之间进行切换，这将在下文中加以说明。如下文说明，SVR也包括：当在有关一个特定网络的物理位置的物理知识的基础上具备不只一个网络时，使应用程序/用户能够切换或漫游到特定的网络。
当具备一个以上的网络时，可能需要基于推动的位置服务或基于拖拉的位置服务。例如，即使商场中所具备的WWAN范围有良好的信号强度，具有同样好的或略差一些的信号质量的WLAN网接入也可能仍然受到青睐，因为商场内提供更高速度的接入和额外的商业内部的空间服务。一种漫游运算将用户在商场(或大学校园)中的情况考虑在内，并切换到WLAN(即使信号质量不一定更好)。
SVR不会影响用无线方式链接的WWAN基站1081...108n之间的水平漫游。同样，SVR不会影响用无线方式链接的WLAN接入点1101...110n之间的水平漫游。蓝芽的装备无法处理水平漫游。由John Wiley & Sons公司出版的、Y.Lin等人所著的《无线结构与移动结构》(NY，2001，第488和490页)中对蓝芽技术有所说明。
无线广域网(WWAN)102在广大的地域上用无线的方式来连接用户和设备。存在的许多无线系统包括单元数字分组(CDPD)、全球系统移动设备(GSM)和通用分组无线业务(GPRS)等。为了方便起见，本发明的WWAN将按照GSM/GPRS来加以说明。由John Wiley & Sons出版的、Y Lin等人所著的文章《无线网络结构与移动网络结构》(纽约，NY(2001))在第9和第18章中概述了GSM系统和GPRS系统，它被完整地包括于此，用作参考。由标准信息网络出版的、B.O’Hara和A.Petrek所著的文章《IEEE 802.11手册——设计者的伴侣》(IEEE出版社，NY，NY第2章)中对WLAN的IEEE 802.11协议有所说明，它被完整地包括于此，用作参考。
无线局域网(WLAN)104是一种数据通信系统，该系统作为有线地方网的一种扩充或替换。通过使用无线电频率(RF)技术，无线LANs在空中发送和接收数据，从而使对有线连接的需求减少到最小。无线LANs将数据连通性与用户可动性结合起来。在典型的无线LAN配置中，发送器/接收器(收发器)接入点利用标准电缆架设来连接到有线网络，再到一个固定的位置。从最小限度来讲，接入点对无线LAN与有线网络基础结构之间的数据进行接收、缓冲和发送。一个单个的接入点可以支持一小群用户，并可以在小于100～700英尺的范围内发挥作用。接入点(或附着于该接入点的天线)通常被安装在高处，但是，只要能够获得所需的无线电范围，接入点实质上可以被安装在任何实用的地方。
最终用户通过无线LAN适配器来接入无线局域网，这些适配器作为笔记本或PALM主要计算机中的PC卡被加以执行，PALMs和桌上型计算机被并入手持计算机。无线LAN适配器经由天线在客户网络操作系统(NOS)与航路之间提供一个界面。无线连接的性质对于NOS而言是显而易见的。
图2揭示了服务移动设备的WWAN(GSM/GPRS)网络200。接入点202用无线的方式被连接到建筑物和公共场所(未示出)中的WLANs 201。网关经由公共网络(例如，ISDN 207、PSTN 209等，以及互联网210)上的移动交换中心网关206，将接入点连接到GSM/GPRS网络205。网络205包括一个操作与维修中心(OMC)212，它负责协调网络上的通信和装载。家庭位置寄存器(HLR)212、接入者位置登记处(VLR)216和认证中心(AC)218存储有关用户的信息，以便促进漫游、宣传和网络安全。将被连接到网关206的移动交换中心220用电线连接到基站222和224，这两个基站又用电线连接到天线226、228和230，每个天线用于多个移动设备(例如，为大规模的消费市场提供移动互联网接入的各种无线个人数据协助232、234和智能电话236流行设备)。每个移动单元232、234、236包括一个共同的订户身份模块(SIM)，用于WWAN与WLAN识别使用，并适应交叉参考宣传信息。用作GPRS支持节点(SGSN)240的分组控制单元238和网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN)208提供对标准GSM网络上的GPRS通信的支持。
便携式双模式无线电242使用户能够根据信号测量的强度来经由网络200进行通信——经由接入点202与WLAN 201进行通信，或经由天线226、228、230中的任何天线与WWAN 200进行通信。双模式无线电设备242也可能适合与蓝芽用户244进行通信。
人们认为，适合将有关各项GSM操作和处理移动起源或移动终止电话的简要概述作为用于执行无缝垂直漫游(SVR)的背景。接下来，在说明无缝垂直漫游之前，将说明双模式无线电终端和在GSM/GPRS中所用的无缝垂直漫游界面。
图3说明了各种逻辑信道类型300，这些逻辑信道类型将信令数据或用户数据传送到一个物理信道上，用于传递给终端。GSM分清各个通信信道302，这些通信信道为用户数据和控制数据304而被保存，并且用于网络管理消息和一些信道维修任务。逻辑信道以两种不同的数据速率(即22.8kb/s(完全速率)和11.4kb/s(一半速率))来转移数据和信令。通信信道/完全速率(TCHFS)306是当前正以22.8kb/s的基本语音速率来发送语音的一个信道。信道306被分成通信信道9.6(308)、通信信道4.8(310)和通信信道2.4(312)。通信信道/一半速率语音(TCH/HS)314提供11.4kb/s的语音速率。信道314被进一步分成通信信道H 4.8(316)和通信信道TCH/H2.4(318)。通常，GSM使用900MHz范围中的两个25-MHZ频率范围。移动台在890～915MHz频率范围中进行发送，基站在930～960MHz(这是基站收发台中的物理层或移动台的终点)范围中进行发送。移动台发送到BTS站被称作上行线，BTS发送到移动台被称作下行线。
控制信道分成四种不同的类别：(1)广播信道(320)；共同的控制信道(322)；专用控制信道(324)和有关的控制面板(326)。
广播信道还包括一个同步信道(SCH)326，该同步信道为移动台提供调制来自基站的信息所需的密钥对准序列。SCH被映射到同步脉冲上。频率纠正信道(FCCH)为移动台提供系统的频率参考。FCCH信道被映射到频率纠正脉冲上。广播控制信道(BCCH)330通知移动台识别网络或接入网络所需的特定的系统参数。这些参数包括局域代码(LAC)、移动网络代码(MNC)、在其中可发现各种频率和邻近的网格的信息，以及不同的网格选项和接入参数。
共同的控制信道322支持在移动台与基站之间建立一个专用的链路。各个信道执行呼叫建立并可以由网络或移动台产生。共同的控制信道322被划分为一个寻呼信道——(PCH)332，用于到其网格区域内单独移动台的基站电话。接入许可信道(AGCH)334将信息提供给基站，移动台应该将该基站上的专用信道用于紧急的需求。移动台使用随机接入信道(RACH)336，从网络中请求一个专用信道。信道334中的消息是来自基站的、对移动台的紧急消息336的应答。
各个专用的控制信道324用于网络与移动台之间的消息转移。它们被用于各个无线电之间的低层次信令的消息。专用控制面板包括一个独立的专用控制信道(SDCCH)338和一个完全速率的通信信道，以及按通信信道一半速率316进行操作的第二个独立的专用控制信道340。独立的专用控制信道在移动台与基站之间转移信令的信息。信道338和340也用于认证及呼叫建立。
有关的控制信道包括按完全的通信速率进行操作的快速关联控制信道342和按一半速率进行操作的快速关联控制信道/8344。关联控制信道326还包括按完全速率进行操作的慢速关联控制信道(SACCH)346、按4.8的发送数据速率进行操作的慢速关联控制信道348、按一半数据速率信道进行操作的慢速关联控制信道350，以及按8kb/s进行操作的慢速关联控制信道352。信道346、348、350、352与通信信道或独立的专用信道关联。SACCH信道用于信道维护。SACCH携带控制与测量参数或程序数据，以便在移动台与基站之间保持一个链路。
图4说明了移动源呼叫处理400，该程序用于向网络内的另一个用户或终端建立呼叫。在步骤402中，移动单元经由RACH信道336向网络布置了一项请求。在步骤404中，网络经由AGCH信道334提供信道分配，这为呼叫建立提供了接入专用信道的各种参数。在步骤406中，经由专用控制信道338或340启动对网络的连接管理服务请求。在步骤408中，认证中心218(图2)通过专用信道向移动台提供认证请求。通常，认证建立在私人密钥密码技术的基础上，其中，被称为共享秘密数据的密钥在移动台与认证中心(AC)之间被分享。EIA/TIA电信系统公告(TSB)51中说明了各种认证协议。在步骤410中，移动台通过专用信道启动了对网络的认证应答。该应答通过利用服务设置标识符(SSID)、电子序号(ESN)、移动身份号(MIN)和从PCs服务供应商那里获得的随机的号码，来执行单元的认证和话音加密运算。该运算产生一个登记认证结果，该结果被提供给个人服务供应商并包括各种登记认证结果、ESN、MIN、随意号码的最重要的八个字节和作为最重要事件(例如，由移动台启动的登记、呼叫始发、呼叫确定)的计数的一个计数值。个人服务供应商将认证请求发送给认证中心，该认证中心在步骤412中进入一个加密模式命令。在步骤414中，加密模式被发送给移动台以完成并被返回到网络。步骤416中移动台启动标准呼叫建立。所建立的消息表明所请求的服务类型、想达到的用户号码，以及对移动和容量的识别。步骤418中，网络开始一个路由选择程序，以便将被寻址的用户连接到呼叫方。同时，在步骤420中，网络为用户数据的发送分配一个通信信道。在步骤422中，来自移动台的分配完成消息回应来自网络的分配命令，该分配命令已在新的信道FACCH/TCH 342上。网络在步骤424中启动信令，以提醒被叫方，并且将提醒消息发送给移动台。移动台生成一种听得见的回铃音调，以便告诉其用户已达到和正在提醒另一方。当被叫方存在并且被叫方受理呼叫时，在步骤426中，连接消息经由关联控制信道342被发送到移动台。移动台在步骤428中将确认提供给网络，语音/数据通过通信信道306在移动台与被叫方之间被进行交换。为了断开连接，网络将通过发送断开连接的消息来启动呼叫释放程序。这个消息后面将是来自移动台的释放消息。网络利用释放完成消息来确认这一点。信道释放消息的发送终止了物理连接，物理无线电链路也终止了。
图5说明了移动终止呼叫程序500。在步骤501中，网络终止了共同的控制信道PCH 332上的寻呼呼叫。移动台在步骤501中利用随机接入信道336启动了信道请求。网络在505中利用共同的控制信道AGCH 304来对信道分配应答，这为呼叫建立提供了接入专用信道的参数。在步骤507中，移动台经由独立的专用信道338启动来自网络的连接管理服务。在步骤509中，网络经由专用控制信道338或340启动认证请求。如在步骤410中所述，移动台在步骤511中启动认证请求。在步骤513中，网络启动加密模式命令。当移动台在步骤515中完成加密模式时，网络在步骤517中将一个引入的建立呼叫提供给移动台。建立确认请求在步骤519中被提供给网络，网络在步骤521中进行通信信道分配。移动台在步骤523中将分配完成消息发送给网络，移动台在步骤525中提醒主叫方或用户。当主叫方作出应答时，移动台在步骤527中将连接消息发送给用户，网络代表用户在步骤529中发出确认之后，在通信信道306上执行语音数据的相互交换。如图4所述的那样进行呼叫终止。
由S.M.Reddel，Artech House公司(Norwood，MA)于1995年出版的文章《对GSM的介绍》(ISBN 0-89006-785-6)的第3和第5章中说明了有关WWAN呼叫程序的额外细节，它完整地被包括于此，用作参考。
图6说明了信令程序600，用于将移动台连接到接入点202。移动单元602在步骤603中发现一个802.11(b)网络(具有由AP或另一个移动台发出的定期预定的信标)或一个独立基本服务设置(IBSS)网络。在步骤604中，移动台通过被动地监听定期预定的信标来发现网络。AP按目标信标发送时间(TBTT)(通常被设置为100～200ms)定期发送信标。这些信标通知移动台确定网络位置将需要的身份和位置信息。移动台调谐到802.11(b)信道，收听具有该站希望加入的服务设置标识符(SSID)的信标帧。在移动单元检测信标之后，通过进行认证与关联过程，移动台可以开始商议连接，这将在下文中加以说明。或者，在步骤605中，移动台可能启动主动扫描，这涉及发送探测请求(包括该站希望加入的网络的SSID)。该探测请求被安排在未使用的GSM时间间隙期间。探测请求不需要与接入信标点同步。由于在步骤607中探测应答的时间会相当长(大约是按一个MBPS 802.11(b)数据速率为七个GSM时间间隙)，因此，系统可能需要确定探测请求的时间，以便各个探测应答可以在GSM/GPRS二十六个多帧中的一个长期空闲帧附近被捕获。
一旦移动台希望加入的网络接收移动探测请求，接入点就发送包含(例如)有关网络的特定参数、频率跳跃的设置和间接序列物理层的一个探测应答，之后，为移动单元和接入点激活认证程序609。
在步骤611中，移动单元启动IEEE 802.11认证程序，它可能是公开的系统，也可能是共享密钥认证。在公开的系统程序中，希望与另一个站一起进行认证的站发送包含发送站的身份的一个认证管理帧。然后，接收站发回一个帧，该帧提醒它是否识别出认证站的身份。或者，当移动台已通过独立于802.11网络的一个安全信道接收一个共享密钥时，可以启动共享密钥认证程序。在这两种情况中的任何一种情况下，在步骤613中，接入点在状况和挑战方面响应于移动台。移动台在步骤617中向接入点提供认证应答；并且，如果被接入点受理，则接入点在步骤617中将认证状况发送给移动单元；如果所受理的认证应答被受理，则进入关联程序619，否则，接入点拒绝移动台进入网络。
一旦移动台完成认证程序并被受理，移动台就准备好与接入点关联。为了进行关联，移动台在步骤621中发送关联请求命令。该命令允许移动台请求WLAN的各种服务，例如，节省能源、数据排列和基础结构基站系统(BSS)内从AP到AP的漫游。AP在步骤623中经由有关的应答帧来确认该请求，之后，移动台被连接到网络，用于根据图4和图5中所说明的程序来建立和接收呼叫。
图7说明了使WLAN信令交织进入空闲的GSM/GPRS业务时隙，用于被动扫描或主动扫描。总共有125个频率信道，每个信道在上行线和下行线路径中，带宽为200kHz。控制多帧信道包括持续235.4ms的51个帧。通信多帧包括持续120ms的26个帧。每个GSM/GPRS帧包括八个时间间隙，总共的持续时间为6.415ms。每个时隙携带156.25个字节，每个字节的持续时间是3.69ms。
关于被动扫描，移动台收听由独立基本服务设置网络(IBSS)定期安排的信标701，其中，这些信标具有100～200ms的TBTT和持续时间约为3.5ms的、1百万个字节/秒(MBPS)的一个信标脉冲。移动台也可以为信标703进行被动扫描，信标703由执行数据通信功能(DCF)的接入点(AP)发出。
通过在帧711中的空闲业务时隙709期间发出探测请求707，移动台也可以在GSM多帧705期间进行主动扫描，其中，探测请求长度约为1ms并以1MBPS发生。受理网络或接入点所发送的探测应答713通常发生在被窃取帧715(通常是GSM多帧705中的空闲帧715)中。该探测应答的时间相当长——通常是按1MBPS的7个GSM时间间隙，并且该探测应答通过20微秒的短干扰间隔(SIFS)而与探测请求707分开。
图8中，说明了程序800，该程序用于使话音交织或发出GSM/GPRS信令帧801中的空闲时隙内的数据分组。在步骤803中，数字信号处理器在步骤805中每隔10ms收集和压缩来自16位A/D转换器(未示出)的话音/数据取样。该程序可包括从16位到8位的数字压扩。话音压缩运算(通常是ITU压缩运算G.729A)每隔2ms生成分组809，并且为每10ms的话音/数据取样产生10个字节。三个这样的10字节块被收集并被装配入802.11b帧，用于发送到更高的层协议，这些协议包括互联网工作协议(IP)、用户数据报协议(UDP)和实时协议(RTP)封装。分组装配过程在步骤807中花费约1ms的时间，并产生约128个字节。这种分组以最低的802.11b数据速率进行发送，用了不到2ms的时间。一旦网络请求发送分组，移动台就开始经由标准载体感知移动接入(CSMA)进行媒体和网络接入方面的竞争。一旦移动台确定媒体在等同于分布式帧间间隔(DIF)的时期(通常是20秒)内一直可用，就在步骤809中实现连续的数据转移，这要花费约16微秒的时间，之后，发生在步骤811中的确认花费约304微秒的时间。在步骤813中，全部的发送/接收过程的发生还不到2ms，分组809被装配入信令帧801中未使用的时间间隙。1MBPS的交织程序800包括一个352微秒的发送请求(RTS)、304微秒的发送清除(CTS)、672微秒的数据转移和304微秒的确认(ACK)，共需要1692微秒，包括60微秒的三个短帧间间隔(SIF)。
图9说明了双模式无线电900，它使用户在这两个网络领域中的任何一个网络领域中漫游时能够用无缝的方式在WLAN与WWAN之间进行切换或反之亦然。无线电900实质上包括并行的两个无线电系统。WLAN无线电部分902包括一个RF部分904，RF部分904包括被连接到RAM 908的一个基带信号数字化部分906和到模拟转换器910(提供互联网协议上的话音输出912，也用作话筒914)的一个数字。基带数字化与快闪存储器918所支持的、用于消息控制的介质存取控制器(MAC)相连接，并经由界面920被连接到主机控制器922。主机用作系统母机并控制无线电所请求的所有系统层次动作。例如，控制器922管理控制器922与WLAN或WWAN无线电子系统之间的控制信令和数据业务的流程。在执行对无线电的系统控制的过程中，控制器922由快闪存储器924和RAM 926支持。控制器922与外部的外围设备944(例如，打印机、传真)连接，并经由界面942与主机(例如，便携式设备或桌上型设备)连接。
WWAN无线电和WLAN无线电相重复，对其说明是多余的。WWAN无线电提供单元的声频，用于用户与被叫方之间以及用户与呼叫方之间的通信。
扫描仪被包括在双模式900中，用于进行被动扫描或主动扫描，这允许用户自动地跳过各个所选频率，以便获得一个发送信道。扫描仪包括一个模拟单元928，用于接收信道频率，它由操作马达控制的RAM所支持的数字转换器930进行数字化，以改变扫描频率。马达控制由快闪存储器936支持，并通过解码器938和界面将输出提供给处理器922。
图10中，GSN/GPRS网络和WLAN网中的SVR界面1000根据GSM/GPRSs的时间间隙分配来调整各种无线电资源。双网络无线电资源管理功能1006与GSM/GPRS协议堆栈1002、1004及双模式无线电应用程序界面(API)1007相接合。管理单元1006包含来自GSM/GPRS层一个软件1001的空闲的GSM时间间隙信息。时间间隙与话音活动解码器(VAD)1020被加到物理层1011，并报告有关系统时钟的实例和时间间隙的持续时间。该信息允许管理单元1006最佳地安排WLAN和VOIP分组的传递。管理单元1006也通知WLAN 802.11MAC层1030分裂长的分组或按比例增加数据速率，以便WLAN分组将能够被装配在空的GSM时间间隙内。由于信道组织依靠网络并可以实时改变，因此，VAD和时间间隙监控器无法一定要在十分之几ms的范围以外预测可用的时间间隙。
GSM/GPRS和WLAN协议堆栈1002与1004被写作三个互相作用的更高档案层。为特定的硬件平台优化第一层面1001。第二层面1003和第三层面1005相当普通，它们对于大多数操作系统而言是便于携带的。第一层面程序1001负责装配和分解各种类型的GSM脉冲。每个脉冲具有相同数量的字节，可以完全地被装配入每个时间间隙。第二层面程序1003促进通过空气界面的传递和网络命令。对应的第三层面协议1005在信道的任何一侧上提供子程序。
第二层面过程1003促进通过空气界面将网络命令传递给信道的任何一侧上的对应的第三层面协议子程序。话音和数据通信不通过第二层面或第三层面。这些层只用于建立、批准、保护网络连接，以及最后建立一个通信信道(第一层面的话音取样将被传送到该通信信道)。
第三层面程序1005负责管理各种无线电资源、认证网络上的移动接入并管理建立和保持呼叫的细节。第三层面内有三个子层，它们负责执行这些功能。无线电资源功能1010负责在网络与移动台之间保持一个清楚的信道。子层进一步负责对各种变化的无线电环境、功率层次控制、时间校准、网格移交和信道分配作出反应。呼叫管理子层(CM)1012负责建立、维持和释放所有的电路，而不顾用户的活动性。呼叫管理层通常直接与终端应用层进行通信。CM子层内有各种例行程序，用于应付提供各种补充服务。CM子层内的例行程序中有关于移动起源呼叫的呼叫建立的特定程序、关于移动终止呼叫的呼叫建立程序，以及维持和管理可以授权给用户的各种补充服务(例如，等候电话、会议电话和主叫方I.D.)的设置。
活动性管理子层(MM)1014应付处理不直接与无线电功能有关的移动用户而产生的所有效果。这些功能包括支持用户活动性、登记与管理活动性数据、提供基于到CM子层的现存RR连接的MM连接和与用户机密性、安全性有关的其他功能，以及验证用户的供应，以接收服务。
GSM/GPRS堆栈1002经由时间间隙资源分享功能1020而被连接到WLAN/802.11协议堆栈1004，它被耦合到堆栈1002中的物理层1并被连接到堆栈1004中的界面1022。
MacMillian技术出版社(国际标准书号1-578870-081-7，1999)出版了JayGeier所著的文章《LANs执行的能共同操作的无线网络》。如该文第4和第5章中所述，堆栈1004执行IEEE 802.11标准，它被完整地包括于此，用作参考。简而言之，第一层面包括物理介质子层1026的物理管理程序1024，它在物理层集中程序1028的指导下执行数据的实际发送和接收，并根据为发送而准备数据单元的指令来与MAC层1030进行通信。子层1028也将引入的帧从无线层传递给MAC层。在MAC层1030中，被连接到物理层的共享设备受到MAC管理程序1032的指导。逻辑链路控制错误1034在来源站与目标站上的对应链路之间提供未被公认的无连接服务、连接导向服务和被公认的无连接服务。层1034与互联网协议层1036接合，它利用处理控制协议(TCP)和用户数据报协议(UDP)来监视数据的转移或传递。TCP/UDP层1036提供被封装在实时协议(RTP)1038内的话音分组和/或数据分组。通过首先添加8个字节的用户数据报协议(UDP)信息，为基于IP的网络上的发送准备RTP分组，这提供了有效的终端对终端的、但不可靠的话音数据分组的实时传送。ITU标准H.323在数据速率发送和其他功能的各个网络实体之间提供商议。也可以在堆栈1004与使用HTTP层1040的管理单元之间交换话音和/或数据分组。
图11展示了在WWAN 1101与WLAN 1103之间的无缝的有效话音/数据漫游的全部程序1100。为了实现SVR，一个网络中的同时信令必须要可以发生在另一个网络中的完整通信连接之间。在GSM/GPRS话音连接的未使用的时间间隙期间，实现有关网络关联和连接维护的WLAN信令。同样，可在话音分组转移与数据分组转移之间实现有关网络登记和连接维护的GSM/GPRS信令。两种不同的处理状态可实现同时发生的GSM/GPRS通信和WLAN通信，但是，当两个网络中的任何一个网络中的话音通信连接和信令过程交织时，WLAN和GSM(WWAN)上都不会有同时的话音和数据通信。一旦信令过程完成，第二个网络上已建立了基本连接，就只可能有从一个网络到另一个网络的转换。
状态一中，如图7中所述，WWAN与WLAN之间有有效的话音通信，使得信令能够在空闲的业务时隙中发生。
状态二中，如图8中所述，当没有话音通信时，必须在处于各种GSM状态的未使用的GSM/GPRS时间间隙期间实现所有同时发生的程序。这样，将在空闲的GSM/GPRS信令时间间隙期间发生WLAN话音通信，将在空闲的GSM通信时间间隙期间发生WLAN信令。GSM/GPRS信令和通信信道的组织方法不同，但每种都与基本的网络定时同步。
图12展示了有关WWAN WLAN漫游条件的SVR程序1200。将根据WLAN网的可用性和用户的喜好来决定从WWAN到WLAN的漫游。如果喜欢经由WLAN来连接(只要可能的话)，那么，WLAN无线电子系统一与网络关联，终端就将发出SVR命令。一旦WWAN话音连接在进行中，并且已建立WLAN网关联，就可以开始漫游。在话音通信WWAN阶段期间，一定可以实现WLAN信令和网络关联。
用户坐在行驶的汽车中谈话，并且汽车将要到达WLAN范围内的一幢建筑物，这时就执行了漫游。当用户一边走进建筑物一边继续谈话时，终端认出并与WLAN网关联，而不会中断已建立的WWAN连接。
图12中，示出了从WWAN到WLAN的SVR的程序1200。双模式无线电1201包括WWAN部分(A)和WLAN部分(B)，示出它经由WWAN网1205(由GSM/GPRS空中链路连接到C方)中的基站收发台BTS 1203而被连接到C方。收发器被连接到基站控制器1209，该基站控制器被连接到移动交换中心1211。公共交换电话网络1213使移动交换中心1211与WLAN网1215互连，包括一个网关与接入点。WLAN接入点由空中链路1217连接到WLAN无线电B。
当无线电A进行与C方的话音通信连接时，SVR漫游程序1200开始。在步骤1中，明确呼叫转移(ECT)命令被发给WWAN网，以便开始将信道转移到正在处理WLAN无线电B的网关。《综合服务数字网络(ISDN)》、《第7号信令系统》、《国际界面的ISDN用户部分》、《第14部分：明确呼叫转移(ECT)补充服务》[ITU-T推荐Q.372，条款7(1996)(被修改的[，版本3.1.3，1998.])中说明了明确呼叫转移。无线电A将总是知道如何到达无线电B，因为它在WLAN关联过程期间可以接入相同的信息。无论是否产生或受理无线电A，呼叫都与该程序无关。
步骤2中，当接收ECT命令时，WWAN检查与无线电B连接的网关是否被登记到WWAN网，以及是否正在回答电话。与此同时，无线电A与C方之间的连接被中断，并且，如果ECT失败，则该连接将继续。
步骤3中，无线电B验证主叫方识别来自无线电A，并立即用信号通知网关受理呼叫。WWAN接收确认：已用信号通知网关受理呼叫。
步骤4中，网络向无线电A发出信令的确认：正在转移呼叫和断开无线电A连接。这时，接入开始排列VoIP声码器的各个话音取样，同时等候建立第二个连接。
步骤5中，无线电A向网络发出确认，并在回到空闲状态之前发出一“网络断开”命令。在此状态中，WWAN无线电进行漫游并保持与广播信道(BCH)同步，同时在关联寻呼信道(PCH)上监视WWAN寻呼。网络不要求声码器功能，以便容纳WWAN网信号。
步骤5中，无线电B经由网关等候与C方的连接。一旦建立连接，接入点就释放排列的VoIP/数据分组。
图13中，示出从WLAN到WWAN的SVR的程序1300。将根据WWAN网的可用性来决定从WLAN到WWAN的漫游。如果用户喜欢经由WLAN连接来进行连接(只要有可能的话)，那么，只有当绝对必要时，终端1301才会漫游到WWAN网。当终端1301感知到WLAN分组高错误比率的逐渐转变、频繁的比率按比例缩小或一致的信号强度递减时，WWAN无线电子系统A一登记到WWAN网并指出空闲状态，终端就将发出一个SVR(WWAN)命令。当终端1301位于WLAN网的各个界限之间时，足够的滞后(Hysterisis)和噪声门限将防止在WWAN与WLAN网之间进行频繁切换。
漫游开始之前，系统验证：WLAN话音连接在进行，WWAN无线电处于空闲状态并正在监控WWAN网寻呼。这要求在WLAN VoIP连接期间必须实现WWAN信令和网络登记。例如，用户正在经由IP上的话音进行交谈，同时离开几乎没有WWAN范围的建筑物，这时，WWAN无线电将需要在能够切换呼叫之前发现网络并进行登记。切换必须发生在WWAN VoIP连接期间，而VoIP质量没有受到重大的破坏，结果，WWAN信令必须按时间被多路复用入WLAN连接。
假设WWAN网过程完成，并假设WWAN无线电处于寻呼的空闲模式监控，则终端将在步骤1中向双模式无线电子系统发出一个SVR(WWAN)命令。
步骤2中，当无线电B经由网关进行与C方的话音通信连接时，终端1301请求网关1315向网络1305播放ECT命令。该命令将开始将信道转移到无线电A。无线电B将总是知道如何到达无线电A，因为系统可以从订户识别模块卡接入到WWAN号码。无论无线电B是否经由网关产生或受理呼叫，均与该程序无关。
步骤3中，当接收ECT命令时，WWAN网检查无线电A是否被登记到网络，以及是否正在回答呼叫。与此同时，无线电B与C方之间的连接没有被中断。
步骤4中，无线电A验证起源于无线电B的主叫方识别和立即用信号通知受理呼叫。网络接收确认：无线电A受理了呼叫。
在步骤5中，网络向正在转移呼叫和断开连接的网关发出信令的确认。网关通知移动台，它将开始排列取样并切换到WWAN声码器。
步骤6中，网关向WWAN网发出确认，无线电B重新进入能源节省状态。在低功率状态中，无线电B将继续监控接入点信标和其他网络活动的航路。例如，探测应答，发送请求，以便了解可用的WLAN网并向SVR软件驱动器报告其存在情况。
步骤7中，一旦无线电A被连接到C方，接入点就将向发送器释放排列的话音分组。
已按照GSM/GPRS和802.11环境说明了本发明，但本发明可应用于GSM和PSTN/SS7电路开关网络。而且，话音分组在移动台与作为VoIP的802.11WLAN的接入点/EGC之间传送，EGC与PSTN之间的其余的连接将经由网关换变到电路开关连接。实际上，正在使用标准SS7信令协议，在两个PSTN界面之间切换呼叫。只有到移动台的最后数米实际上是无线的，并且并入固定时间间隙(GSM/GPRS)的随机的分组802.11。
虽然已说明明确呼叫转移ECT，但是，可以用会议电话代替ECT。当会议电话提供无缝转换时，一些PSTN/SS7网络在发信方挂断呼叫之后将不一定要维持与远程方的连接，除非打电话的每个人正在支付会费。当ECT请求缓冲时，会议电话不要求对话音分组进行缓冲，因为一旦ECT已开始执行，就转移话音分组。在被叫方接电话之前，网络维持有效的连接，从而没有结束呼叫的危险。
在具备不只一个网络的程序1200和1300的情况下，应用程序/用户可以根据有关网络物理位置的知识来切换或漫游到一个特定的网络。该物理位置可以由综合GPS或实时位置系统(RTLS)来确定。实时位置系统使用来自构成各种无线网络的RF信号的信号强度、到达的时间差或到达估计的角度，以及三角测量方法。网络位置的其他方法包括RFID与infra-Red发射器位置标记符。于2001年11月7日 提交的申请(系列号为09/986,054)(符号货签1186)《使用直觉声音信标的三维(3-D)物体定位器系统：操作的系统和方法》被受让于本发明的相同受让人，并被完整地包括于此，用作参考。该申请说明了使用到达估计的角度和用于确定物体位置的三角测量的RTLS系统的一个例子。
当漫游的用户具有一个以上的网络时，可能需要基于推动的位置服务或基于拖拉的位置服务。例如，即使商场中的WWAN范围具有良好的信号强度，具有同样好或略差一些的信号质量的WLAN网接入也可能仍然受到青睐，因为商场内提供更高速度的接入和额外的商业内部的服务。所以，即使信号质量不一定更好，双模式无线电中所包括的漫游运算也将考虑用户在商场(或大学校园)中的情况，并切换到WLAN。
已结合一个较佳实施例表现和说明了本发明，但是，在不脱离所附权利要求中所定义的本发明的精神范围的前提下，可以对其进行各种修改。

Claims (22)

1.一种在无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间进行自动无缝垂直漫游SVR的系统，包括：
WLAN网关，通过接入点与WLAN无线电设备进行通信，所述WLAN网关被配置为与公共交换电话网络进行通信；
移动交换中心，配置为与所述公共交换电话网络PSTN进行通信；
WWAN基站收发台，链接到所述WWAN无线电设备以及所述移动交换中心，所述WWAN基站收发台用于与远程用户进行通信；
移动台，包括：
WWAN无线电设备，具有第一主叫方识别符；
WLAN无线电设备，具有第二主叫方识别符；
其中：
当发生信号递减时，所述移动台通过WLAN网关，使用移动交换中心以及PSTN，启动移动台和远程用户之间在无线局域网WLAN上的呼叫到无线广域网WWAN的转移；
当移动台进入WLAN区域时，所述移动台通过WWAN基站收发台，使用移动交换中心以及PSTN，启动移动台和远程用户之间在无线广域网WWAN上的呼叫到无线局域网WLAN的转移；
所述WLAN无线电设备用于当呼叫从无线广域网WWAN转移到无线局域网WLAN时验证第一主叫方识别符是来自所述WWAN无线电设备，并基于该验证用信号通知所述WLAN网关以受理或拒绝该呼叫；以及
所述WWAN无线电设备用于当呼叫从无线局域网WLAN转移到无线广域网WWAN时验证第二主叫方识别符是源于所述WLAN无线电设备，并基于该验证用信号通知所述WWAN网关以受理或拒绝该呼叫。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
WLAN信令设备，用于将WLAN信令交织在空闲的GSM业务时隙或GPRS业务时隙。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述移动台将WLAN语音或数据业务、或WWAN语音或数据业务交织在空闲的GSM信令时隙或GPRS信令时隙。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述移动交换中心用于提供明确呼叫转移ECT功能，用于从无线局域网WLAN到无线广域网WWAN的SVR切换或从无线广域网WWAN到无线局域网WLAN的SVR切换。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述移动站用于将WLAN信令数据交织在空闲的WWAN业务时隙，并将WLAN话音或数据业务交织在空闲的WWAN信令时隙中。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述移动站还包括：一将双模式无线电设备API与WWAN协议堆栈和WLAN协议堆栈链接的SVR界面。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，所述SVR界面还包括一三层通信界面。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：一无线局域网WLAN中的抖动缓冲器，将随机分组到达时间转换为均匀间隔的流数据。
9.如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述三层通信界面包括：位于第三层中的呼叫管理子层，负责建立、维持和释放所有的电路。
10.一种维持有效话音或数据连接的同时在无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间进行自动无缝垂直漫游的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
通过一移动台，向WWAN基站收发台发出一明确呼叫转移ECT命令，从而启动将与远程方在无线广域网WWAN上的话音或数据呼叫向无线局域网WLAN的转移，所述移动台包括：带有主叫方识别符的WWAN无线电设备，以及WLAN无线电设备；
通过将WLAN信令数据交织在空闲的WWAN业务时隙，而在维持远程方和移动站之间呼叫的同时检查一连接到WLAN无线电设备的用于WLAN传输的WLAN网关是否被登记到无线广域网WWAN；
通过WLAN无线电设备验证接收到的主叫方标识符是来自所述WWAN无线电设备；
基于该验证，由WLAN网关受理语音或数据呼叫的转移；
在等待建立WLAN连接的同时在移动台处存储分组；
挂断无线广域网WWAN的语音或数据呼叫；以及
通过所述WLAN网关连接所述远程方到WLAN无线电设备，并将所存储的分组释放给用于WLAN传输的WLAN无线电设备。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，发出命令的步骤还包括：当用户从无线广域网WWAN漫游到无线局域网WLAN时，提供用于从无线广域网WWAN到无线局域网WLAN的SVR切换的明确呼叫转移ECT功能。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述检查步骤和所述验证步骤还包括：将WLAN语音或数据业务交织在空闲的WWAN信令时隙。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：将双模式无线电设备API与WWAN协议堆栈和WLAN协议堆栈相链接，用于从无线广域网WWAN到无线局域网WLAN的SVR。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：在连接了所述双模式无线电设备以用于到远程方的WLAN传输之后，使用抖动缓冲器将随机分组到达时间转换为均匀间隔的流数据。
15.一种维持有效话音或数据连接的同时在无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间进行自动无缝垂直漫游SVR的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
通过一移动台，向WLAN网关发出一命令，从而启动将与远程方在无线局域网WLAN上的语音或数据呼叫向无线广域网WWAN的转移，所述移动台包括：WWAN无线电设备，以及带有主叫方识别符的WLAN无线电设备；
在维持所述语音或数据呼叫的同时，由无线广域网WWAN检查所述WLAN无线电设备是否登记到无线广域网WWAN；
通过所述WWAN无线电设备，验证所接收到的主叫方识别符是来自所述WLAN无线电设备，并向无线广域网WWAN提供信令以受理该呼叫；
在等待建立WWAN连接的同时在移动台处存储分组；
挂断无线局域网WLAN的语音或数据呼叫；以及
将远程方连接到所述WWAN无线电设备，并将所存储的分组释放给所述WWAN无线电设备。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，发出命令的步骤还包括：提供明确呼叫转移ECT功能，用于当用户在WLAN网络和WWAN网络中漫游时在WLAN网络和WWAN网络间的SVR切换。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，存储分组的步骤还包括：
将WLAN信令数据交织在空闲的WWAN业务时隙中；
将WLAN话音或数据业务交织在空闲的WWAN信令时隙中。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：将一双模式无线电设备API与一WWAN协议堆栈和一WLAN协议堆栈相链接，用于无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间的SVR。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括，在连接步骤后，利用一抖动缓冲器将随机分组到达时间转换为均匀间隔的流数据。
20.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：在挂断步骤和连接步骤中，均维持所述移动站和所述远程方之间在无线广域网WWAN和无线局域网WLAN上的连接。
21.一种维持有效话音或数据连接的同时在无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间进行自动无缝垂直漫游的系统，包括：
用于通过一移动台向WWAN基站收发台发出一明确呼叫转移ECT命令，由此启动将与远程方在无线广域网WWAN上的话音或数据呼叫向无线局域网WLAN的转移的装置，所述移动台包括：带有主叫方识别符的WWAN无线电设备，以及WLAN无线电设备；
用于通过将WLAN信令数据交织在空闲的WWAN业务时隙，而在维持远程方和移动站之间呼叫的同时检查一连接到WLAN无线电设备的用于WLAN传输的WLAN网关是否被登记到无线广域网WWAN的装置；
用于通过WLAN无线电设备验证接收到的主叫方标识符是来自所述WWAN无线电设备的装置；
用于基于该验证，由WLAN网关受理语音或数据呼叫的转移的装置；
用于在等待建立WLAN连接的同时在移动台处存储分组的装置；
用于挂断无线广域网WWAN的语音或数据呼叫的装置；以及
用于通过所述WLAN网关连接所述远程方到WLAN无线电设备、并将所存储的分组释放给用于WLAN传输的WLAN无线电设备的装置。
22.一种维持有效话音或数据连接的同时在无线局域网WLAN和无线广域网WWAN间进行自动无缝垂直漫游的系统，包括：
用于通过一移动台向WLAN网关发出一命令，以启动将与远程方在无线局域网WLAN上的语音或数据呼叫向无线广域网WWAN的转移的装置，所述移动台包括：WWAN无线电设备，以及带有主叫方识别符的WLAN无线电设备；
用于在维持所述语音或数据呼叫的同时，由无线广域网WWAN检查所述WLAN无线电设备是否登记到无线广域网WWAN的装置；
用于通过所述WWAN无线电设备，验证所接收到的主叫方识别符是来自所述WLAN无线电设备、并向无线广域网WWAN提供信令以受理该呼叫的装置；
用于在等待建立WWAN连接的同时在移动台处存储分组的装置；
用于挂断无线局域网WLAN的语音或数据呼叫的装置；以及
用于将远程方连接到所述WWAN无线电设备、并将所存储的分组释放给所述WWAN无线电设备的装置。
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ATE456272T1 (de) 2010-02-15
US20070091845A1 (en) 2007-04-26
EP1346597A2 (en) 2003-09-24
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US7039027B2 (en) 2006-05-02
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