Gas cleaning processing during the bituminous concrete entrucking and exhaust heat recovering method and device
Technical field:
The method and the device of gas cleaning processing and waste heat recovery when the present invention relates to a kind of collection, the entrucking of purifying pitch concrete belong to waste gas pollution control and treatment environmental protection field.
Background technology:
Make pitch that bituminous concrete uses from the oil field, the pitch in oil field is developed coal-forming, is formed through four tangible coalification jumps by coal by the trees deposition before several hundred million years.Therefore, it is basically identical that the chemical element of oil and pitch is formed, but the hydrocarbon species difference of forming is very big.Asphalitine belongs to oil type hydrocarbons, the composition of bitumen flue gas that adds thermosetting under 200 ℃ is based on alkane hydrocarbon and particulate carbon dust, wherein contain benzo (a) pyrene carcinogen, these materials are met water can form oil film or oil droplet, and solid matter is had very strong caking property.Such flue gas can not directly be discharged in the atmosphere, is difficult to again handle by the udst separation mode of routine.
At present, all not having corresponding supporting entrucking flue gas processing device in the bituminous concrete production equipment both domestic and external, generally all is to rely on bituminous mixing plant diffusion naturally away from the residential block.The flue gas processing method that once adopted has three kinds both at home and abroad:
The one, bitumen flue gas is carried out the wet method bathing, promptly adopt big air quantity that bitumen flue gas is collected the back and feed in acid or alkaline the washing lotion pond or spray column, reach the purpose of absorption, asphalt flue gas purifying by acid, alkali neutralization reaction.But in fact, owing to adopt big air quantity operation, the diluted back of bitumen flue gas concentration is very low, is difficult to reach the purpose that all is converted into acid, alkali oxide, and its final exhaust gas discharged can't reach environmental requirement.
The 2nd, use for reference the method for handling coke-stove gas in the coking production, promptly adopt the mode of high pressure ionization that oily particle in the flue gas or big molecular ionization are converted into micro-molecular gas.But the ionization effect is undesirable, and the little molecule after the ionization still will be discharged in the atmosphere, can not administer the pollution of bitumen flue gas preferably.
The 3rd, can adopt various big molecule and particulate matter in the active carbon adsorption flue gas, the bitumen flue gas that has passed through activated carbon can obtain clean-up effect preferably.But since replacement cycle of activated carbon short, can't recycle use, make the production cost of this method very high, bituminous concrete manufacturer is difficult to prolonged application.
More than all do not design the effective gas gathering-device in the processing method of several bitumen flue gas, cause when entrucking, impact on the pitch coagulation flue gas that causes in the compartment total some be dispersed in the middle of the atmosphere; In addition, the processing of smoke components and conversion process are not all had thoroughly to solve, the waste gas after it is handled still has more nuisance.
Summary of the invention:
This process using is removable active set gas hood up and down, the flue gas that produces during with the bituminous concrete entrucking is limited in the gas skirt effectively, through the blower fan drainage, again the bitumen flue gas in the gas skirt is introduced the combustion chamber, in the combustion chamber,, the various hydrocarbons in the flue gas are changed into H through overcoupling, cracking, burning exhaustive oxidation through high temperature heating and catalase catalysis
2O and CO
2And then high-temp waste gas is incorporated in the sandstone drying of asphalt concrete mixer, the waste heat oven dry that makes full use of waste gas contains the sandstone of moisture, and the waste gas that comes out from drying is through the deduster and the smoke stack emission of asphalt concrete mixer.Electrical heating is adopted in combustion chamber in this technology, and the high-temp waste gas of generation can substitute original a large amount of part heavy oil that uses.Process flow diagram is seen Figure of description 1.
The summary of the invention of this technology mainly comprises:
1, the gas skirt that adopts liftable and be flexible coupling with the compartment, the flue dust that produces during the bituminous concrete entrucking seals fully and collects.
2, produce the quantity of flue gas according to the unit interval, the air-introduced machine and the injector drainage system of design coupling guarantee that flue gas is all taken away, and blower fan only provide the sufficient oxygen of oxidation, combustion fumes to the combustion chamber, and asphalt smoke is without blower fan.
3, the main component in the asphalt smoke is based on alkane hydrocarbon and particulate carbon dust, wherein contains benzo (a) pyrene carcinogen, and whole compositions of glance coal are combustible component.Air-introduced machine is introduced the combustion chamber with the bitumen flue gas in the gas skirt, and glance coal all burns and is converted into CO in the combustion chamber
2And H
2Harmless composition such as O.
4, the combustion chamber links to each other with bituminous mixing plant sandstone drying, the high-temp waste gas of 800~900 ℃ of combustion chambers is imported drying, for drying replenishes certain waste heat, thereby save the energy resource consumption of drying, and the waste gas that guarantees the combustion chamber once more through in the drying 1000 ℃ high temperature and thoroughly purify.
5, the waste gas drying tube that comes out from the combustion chamber also passes through deduster jointly with waste gas that drying produces, finally by the waste gas of smoke stack emission with O
2, N
2, H
2O and CO
2Be main.
Technical scheme:
The flue gas that discharges from hot bituminous concrete volatilization is cyan, its main harmful components are based on alkane hydrocarbon and particulate carbon dust, wherein contain benzo (a) pyrene carcinogen, these materials are met water can form oil film or oil droplet, and solid matter is had very strong caking property.
Size according to the bituminous concrete haulage vehicle designs gas skirt, and gas skirt can move up and down, and gas skirt descends during the bituminous concrete entrucking, with the compartment block, flue gas is limited in the gas skirt.Design one cover is communicated with the injector of work with blower fan, the flue gas guiding is entered the combustion chamber, the effect of injector is both the bitumen flue gas in the gas skirt to be introduced the combustion chamber, the a large amount of air of not suction again, bitumen flue gas is not contacted with blower fan, the neglecting charging speed greatly of air quantity and deciding is generally 500~1000m
3/ h.
Secondly, the combustion chamber must guarantee the burned H of being transformed into of all bitumen flue gas that pass through
2O and CO
2Be main gas.C in the flue gas of from gas skirt, extracting out
mH
nConcentration (percent by volume) be 2.8~3.75%, and the concentration limit that catches fire of alkane hydrocarbon is 2.5%, on be limited to 15%, about 15000 kilocalories/mark of its low heating value is upright
3Therefore, enter in the flue gas of combustion chamber and enough oxygen is arranged, high temperature and V in the combustion chamber
2O
5Under the effect of catalyst, can guarantee that alkane derivative and the completing combustion of particulate carbon dust in the flue gas transforms.
The ignition temperature of alkane derivative in the flue gas and particulate carbon dust need provide external thermal source igniting, heat supply about 510~630 ℃.From heat-supplying mode, heat is given in suitable employing convection current, and the thermal source interface temperature is controlled at 900 ℃, and when the mist temperature reached 800 ℃, flue gas all burning transformed into N
2, H
2O and CO
2Be main waste gas, the heat enthalpy value of these waste gas in the time of 800 ℃ is that 275 kilocalories/mark is upright
3About.
Take the shell and tube mode of heating in the combustion chamber, be with heating element heater in the pipe, tube wall is arranged the catalyst catalytic unit outward.The combustion chamber inside dimension is 600mm * 900mm * 1100mm, and heating tube is staggered, 1/3 standby or exchange wherein.Two cover galvanic couple temperature measuring equipments are installed in the combustion chamber, and can be controlled ignition temperature automatically.
The specific heat capacity of sand and stone is 0.84KJ/Kg ℃, and its initial temperature is 10~20 ℃, and the high temperature preheating of process drying must reach 180~200 ℃.Can make full use of the high-temp waste gas of discharging from the combustion chamber, handle the discharge end of sending into drying through insulation, shunting, the sandstone that the about 800 ℃ waste gas of temperature rolls together with the common preheating of the air-flow of heavy oil combustion, waste gas is finally discharged from the drying charging aperture, again through deduster, smoke stack emission in atmosphere.Because the temperature of heavy oil combustion is higher than 800 ℃ far away, so the EGT that this programme enters deduster after handling can play the certain protection effect to deduster like this a little less than the EGT of using heavy oil preheating sandstone fully.
Description of drawings:
Flue gas treating process schematic flow sheet when Fig. 1 is the bituminous concrete entrucking.
Automobile among the figure (1) is parked in below the gas skirt (2), but gas skirt itself be flexible coupling and free lifting, when the flexible glue below the gas skirt is subcutaneous drop to the compartment and realize sealing after, bituminous concrete begins entrucking.Start air-introduced machine (5) earlier, air-introduced machine bloats the air that comes and form jet in injector (6), in the seal cavity between gas skirt and the compartment, form negative pressure so simultaneously, this moment, the bitumen flue gas (3) that produces in compartment and gas skirt and the air (4) that is drawn into gas skirt owing to negative pressure mixed, enter combustion chamber (7) via flue and injector (6), bitumen flue gas and air in the combustion chamber high temperature heating and catalytic action under abundant oxidizing fire, the gas componant of guaranteeing to go out from the combustion chamber is with N
2, H
2O and CO
2For leading and having a physics sensible heat.Above-mentioned gas feeds the drying (8) that is used for dry sandstone, to make full use of the dry sandstone of waste heat, and on reach gas and passed through second hot environment oxidizing fire once more, through deduster (9), purified gas discharges from chimney (10) after the final and original burning mix with dry of drying of these gases.
Fig. 2 is a gas skirt operation principle schematic diagram.
Pitch mixing drum (11) among the figure is fixedlyed connected with gas skirt loam cake (2), there is flue (13) side of loam cake, guarantee that by canvas shroud (14) sealing and easy on and off move between loam cake of gas skirt (12) and the lower cover platform (15), the lower cover platform is installed arc rubber (16) downwards, and this rubber can reach being connected and sealing effectiveness of gas skirt and compartment (17).
Embodiment:
Example 1
It is the processing unit (plant) of 12~150,000 tons of bituminous concretes that one cover year output is arranged, and flue gas processing device is not installed directly the bituminous concrete entrucking, and according to 1.6 tons of calculating of per minute bituminous concrete loading speed, per minute produces about 60 meters of bitumen flue gas
3, the smoke content 630mg/m around 12~150,000 tons of asphalt smokes that produce 40~60 ten thousand steres altogether, compartment
3About, stench is about 3000 (dimensionless contrasts), the smoke content of smoke stack emission gas is 72mg/m
3, stench 315.
This device is annual to be heated to 180~200 ℃ to 20,000 tons of moisture sandstone, and the water content of stone is 1~2%, and the water content of sand is 2~3%; The heavy oil that the sandstone oven dry consumes is 945 tons.
Install after gas cleaning and the waste-heat recovery device on the processing unit (plant) of bituminous concrete, as Figure of description 1 and the working method that is connected shown in the accompanying drawing 2, following variation has taken place in production operation process and effect: before the bituminous concrete entrucking, start air-introduced machine earlier, open the electric heater unit of combustion chamber then, up to producing the electric heater unit that air-introduced machine and combustion chamber are closed in end again.Load wagon is parked in the bituminous concrete feed opening, and start button landing gas skirt is up to closely contact (parking when load wagon was produced together is identical with the shift position) with the compartment in the past.At this moment just can be discharged into load wagon to a certain amount of bituminous concrete according to the mode of production of routine, impacting the asphalt smoke that produces during loading is sealed in the gas skirt, the negative pressure that relies on air-introduced machine to make, asphalt smoke via flue and injector suction combustion chamber.The air that bitumen flue gas and air-introduced machine blast in the combustion chamber high temperature heating and catalytic action under abundant oxidizing fire, the gas componant that go out the combustion chamber is with N
2, H
2O and CO
2Be main, temperature is about 900 ℃.Above-mentioned gas feeds the drying that is used for dry sandstone, to make full use of the dry sandstone of waste heat, and above-mentioned gas passed through second hot environment oxidizing fire once more, after the final and original burning mix with dry of drying of these gases through deduster, then from smoke stack emission.
Bitumen flue gas mixes with drying waste gas after smoke stack emission, and its testing result is smoke content 74mg/m
3, the chimney exhaust gas stench is 316 (dimensionless contrasts); Smoke content is 110mg/m around the compartment
3About, stench is 1011 (dimensionless contrasts) around the compartment.
Example 2
In example 1, the operating power of combustion chamber is 200 kilowatts, and temperature is controlled at 700~900 ℃, and 1.6 tons of the about per minutes of bituminous concrete loading speed are equipped with 7000 meters
3/ hour blower fan, then produce 150,000 tons of bituminous concretes and be equivalent to replace 140 tons of heavy oil oven dry sandstone, promptly save 140 tons in heavy oil.After the original production line adopted this waste gas purification technology, not only gas cleaning effect reached the level of example 1, and annual saved 140 tons of heavy oil consumptions that are used to dry sandstone, but power consumption increases by 468750 degree simultaneously.