CN1601023A - Blocks for forming walls, walls formed therefrom, and uses of blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

A building block for forming a wall body, wherein a plurality of similar building blocks are continuously staggered and superposed in the wall body, and the building block is a longitudinal section and comprises a top surface, a bottom surface and two end surfaces; the cross section of the baffle plate is in a downward horn mouth shape on the whole; the top surface is provided with a middle ridge, and the two sides are low to form a left supporting slope and a right supporting slope; the top and bottom surfaces are formed such that when a block is stacked with a similar block therebelow to form a wall body, the left and right support slopes of the top surface of the lower block are in contact with the bottom surface of the block to lock the two blocks. The building block provided by the invention, the additional building block matched with the top surface of the building block, the auxiliary building block matched with the bottom surface of the building block, the intersected building block and the corner building block which are arranged when the wall body is intersected, can prevent any surface of the formed wall body from water leakage or water permeation and soil retention, is anti-seismic and stable, and is suitable for various buildings and various construction methods; many applications for such blocks are also indicated.

Description

Be used to form building block and the body of wall of formation and the purposes of building block of body of wall

(1) technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of building block that is used to form construction wall, building roof of building field, especially a kind of building block with two-sided obstruction and supporting role.The present invention also comprises with the body of wall of this building block formation and the purposes of this building block.

(2) background technology

Anti-leak, the permeable soil that stays, be the great difficult problem of building field.

Buildings such as house, tunnel, subway, wave wall, underground warehouse, underground people's air defense, mine, tunnel need anti-leaking, but because of contraction, humiture variation, differential settlement, the many reasons of load action, often make some position of construction wall produce crack and cause and leak, this is still the common fault that present construction work exists.

For the building construction body of wall, the factor of leaking of building seam by laying bricks or stones has accounted for the overwhelming majority.The shrinkage joint being set, strengthening beam column, reduce roof system is to alleviate the anti-main method of leaking in crack at present with the temperature difference of masonry; The design of adopting the building block of band groove tenon class is also arranged, and bonding mutually by building block makes masonry have some leakproof effects, but or because of producing complexity or because of building inconvenience by laying bricks or stones or because of deficient function, but the leakproof problem of seam is built in the basic solution of finally all failing by laying bricks or stones.

For example, name is called the Chinese invention patent application 00103227.5 of " dry brick laying type building blocks ", a kind of dry brick laying type building blocks is disclosed, shown in Figure 1 as the present specification accompanying drawing, its claim 1 is for " a kind ofly be used for the building block that identical building block bond with other becomes wall, described building block has end face, bottom surface, front-back and end face; the front and back is the plane basically; end face goes out ridge, and there is groove the bottom surface so that this bottom surface and ridge are inlayed, and there is otch the end so that overlap simultaneously." " ridge 3 preferably has scarp slope portion 6 and adverse grade portion 26 in its Instructions Page 3 detailed description.The sloping portion 6,26 of ridge 3 makes the water that may enter the brick interlayer from discharging between laying bricks." this dry brick laying type building blocks is suitable for the laid dry mode, must " there be otch the end so that overlap joint simultaneously "; Illustrate all that from its claim 1, manual and accompanying drawing this building block the highest " ridge 3 " also can only " make the water that may enter the brick interlayer from discharging between laying bricks ", that is to say that this building block can only have and necessarily blocks the discharge effect entering water in the transverse joint between the adjacent up and down brick layer of masonry, its ridge, groove, otch such as its claim 1 are said to be " inlaying ", " overlap joint " effect, does not have to solve the whole leakproof problem of water under various weather environments that directly flows into perps from the wall outside.

In fact, analyze relatively, have many building blocks to have the anti-limited action that leaks of transverse joint same with Chinese invention patent application 00103227.5 disclosed dry brick laying type building blocks from the waterproof principle, feature, method.For example name is called the Chinese invention patent application 86106157 of " assembling building block and use the building method of this building block ", a kind of assembling building block is disclosed, shown in Figure 2 as this Figure of description, top and bottom in building block are respectively equipped with in conjunction with projection and engagement groove, the body of wall that is built into also has some leakproof effects building the transverse joint place by laying bricks or stones, but mainly work the assembling effect of interlocking, do not considered that construction wall built the whole leakproof scheme of seam by laying bricks or stones.As the solid wall block with sleeving linkage of Chinese patent application 93105572.5, referring to Fig. 3; The building-block of Chinese patent application 03218670.3 is referring to Fig. 4; All be to be provided with the small embossment body at last bricklaying surface, be provided with corresponding grooves at following bricklaying surface, only just the small embossment body has limited dash effect, to how controlling the masonry perps leaks and does not propose the essence scheme; Because this class small embossment body is very little to the value of transverse joint dash, do not have in the architectural actual meaning of using, its small embossment body and corresponding grooves mainly have been the effects of structure interlocking, so the assembling building block of Chinese patent application 86106157, the solid wall block with sleeving linkage of Chinese patent application 93105572.5, the building-block leakage effect all off one's guard of Chinese patent application 03218670.3.With the waterproof action of the dry brick laying type building blocks of Chinese patent application 00103227.5 similar to also have Chinese patent application 98114537.X, denomination of invention be " antiseep, resistance to compression, thermal insulating sand-free concrete centrifugal block forming method ", a kind of centrifugal block is disclosed, referring to Fig. 5, it is to improve centrifugal block material compactness on every side by centrifugal production method to improve " antiseep " effect, does not also carry the waterproof action of small embossment body.

Denomination of invention is the patent of invention 96194387.4 of " being used to form the building block of mortarless wall ", a kind of tongue and groove building block is disclosed, shown in Figure 6 as the present specification accompanying drawing, its claim 1 be " a kind of tongue and groove building block 2 that is used to form wall; thus several similar building blocks are according to the continuous stacked formation of laid dry lamination metope in this wall; above-mentioned tongue and groove building block comprises: two sides, these two sides are spaced apart by end face, bottom surface, front and back; Above-mentioned end face comprises locking tenon portion and the face that tilts, and this face that tilts is connected locking tenon portion with the front; Above-mentioned bottom surface comprises the locking tenon slot part and to front face, this is connected the locking tenon slot part to front face with the front; Above-mentioned two sides, above-mentioned bottom surface, above-mentioned front and above-mentioned back form like this, when above-mentioned building block and below similar building block constitute wall part, and the end face tabling of the bottom surface of above-mentioned building block and following similar building block, when thereby the front of building block forms the part metope, locking tenon portion and the locking tenon slot part in the above-mentioned building block in the following building block are chimeric, thereby, so just stoped relative moving forward and backward with these two building block lockings; Stagger along downwards vertical and tenon portion in front in the above-mentioned building block." in this building block such as its summary said " building block can lock according to a sheet watt mode by the laid dry form "; only there is single face prevent leaking effect to body of wall; the suitable laid dry method of use; to be not suitable for grouting, the sticking block; and its mortarless wall lateral stability is poor; the connecting elements ability lateral stability of introduction in generally will inventing by this, and also should not be as bearing wall.No matter this building block is laid dry or sticking the block, and when when the rear surface by the formed body of wall of this building block applies lateral force, if the described connecting elements of this patent not, so apparent, the ability of this body of wall lateral force resistance is very limited, topples easily; Poor stability, globality is poor.Therefore the effect of this building block in building construction is limited, more do not considered in the tunnel, architectural use such as subway, wave wall, underground warehouse, underground people's air defense, mine, tunnel, do not considered at dyke yet, refuted architectural application problems such as bank, riverbank, quaywall, bank protection, embankment, sea wall, earth and rockfill dam, groynes, jetty, closure dam, ground sills, check dam, the cofferdam of building up fields, more can not must possess simultaneously anti-leak, the permeable architectural use of staying soil, chain effect such as firm, as not being used for the earth and rockfill dam of downstream dam facing overflow.

Comparative analysis foregoing invention patent 96194387.4, the invention thinking of this patent is to gain enlightenment from the roofing imbrication, is somebody's turn to do " building block can lock according to a sheet watt mode by the laid dry form ".As everyone knows, the top watt of folded face of staying watt, following watt the folded settlement of quilt is called the back district, the back district is exactly a dash draining face; Below watt be not called forward area by folded settlement, forward area forms the roofing surface exactly; Many more by folded settlement, roof waterproof is just good more.When watt thickening and when being interpreted as building block, watt the back district be exactly the back district of building block, play the dash drainage; Watt forward area be exactly the forward area of building block, concerning exterior wall, forward area is exactly the outdoor face that forms body of wall.The feature of the building block of this invention thinking is: building block is made of with the interior dash convex body of going up that is connected outer block down the outer block down that can form exterior surface of wall, and it is steady that single face waterproof, side direction are owed.

If change the little tenon, the sulculus that play combination in the patent of invention 96194387.4 described building blocks into horizontal plane, and adopt the most general mortar building method, will build this masonry to such an extent that surfacing is very difficult so.Because there is not the combination of little tenon, sulculus, the effect that just do not had to reciprocal interlock, easier side direction unstability; When building by laying bricks or stones, shop slurry thickness on the draining inclined-plane of each building block is difficult to consistent, can not impose perpendicular to the pressure on draining inclined-plane in order to avoid body of wall is urged and the side direction unstability to the body of wall of building by laying bricks or stones again, so, always can cause building block outwards outstanding unevenly, be difficult to build out the vertical smooth masonry in indoor and outdoor surface.These deficiencies are conspicuous, are that the common building workman knows.

Exemplifying above-mentioned building block is canonical analysis, be intended to illustrate by outer block down and interior building block of going up the same category feature that the dash convex body constitutes, from its invention thinking, goal of the invention, invention effect, and practical application on, all have with the same defective of 96194387.4 building blocks.

Title is the utility model patent 02217611.X of anti-exterior wall leakage building block, and is shown in Figure 7 as Figure of description, also only has single face transverse joint waterproof action.

Above-mentioned transverse joint dash technology, stacked tile type single face dash technology all have deficiency, and therefore, construction wall leakproof problem still is the great difficult problem of industry to this day.

For buildings such as tunnel, subway, underground warehouse, underground people's air defenses, control from the main method of building the water in the peripheral and top ground is: the ground surface enforcement concrete along excavation sprays the anchor shutoff; To the splicing seams of prefabricated pipe section, precast concrete block,,, adopt waterproofing materials sealings such as waterstop, waterproofing unction to deformation joint to the constuction joint of cast-in-situ concrete; Between lining cutting, precast assembly, the cast-in-place ground spray anchor face of body of wall with excavation, generally go back bedding plastic plate, waterproof film as waterproofing course, the lap-joint of plastic plate, waterproof film is carried out the hot melt splicing; To spray anchor face, body of wall medial surface spraying water-repellent paint.But the deficiencies in the prior art are out of shape, are reached to, building poor because of construction environment, spray anchor cracking, a drum come off, waterstop, waterproofing unction wear out, the fusion omission of plastic plate, waterproof film, breakage, the water-repellent paint adhesion is not firm, leakage spray holiday, distortion is serious, the slit enlarges, so prior art all fails better to solve to seepy question.

Permeable to stay soil be retaining wall, dyke, refute the important topic of buildings such as bank, riverbank, bank protection, embankment, sea wall, and soil is protected in draining well again well, and this is a pair of contradiction that is difficult to resolve through the years.Existingly permeablely stay native technology mainly to be: the plurality of rows water hole is set on body of wall, water in the soil body will be flowed to the drain hole place just outlet, and the problem of existence is: the water in the soil body is difficult for finding drainage outlet, and draining is slow, come water water pressure increase for a long time very fast, the easy unstability of body of wall; Silt particle meeting water is together from the drain hole loss, and after the time was permanent, the flowing water path in the soil body was flowed bigger and bigger, and silt particle runs off serious day by day, and sky is washed in a pan and easy unstability gradually in the body of wall back.Sometimes in the body of wall back drainage layer is set also, the water in the soil body is flowed to drainage layer place and discharges through drain hole; But after the time is permanent, drainage layer or blocked by silt particle and to cause more difficult draining, otherwise that flow path still enlarges gradually, silt particle runs off is empty until washing in a pan.Some laid dry bodies are also arranged, adopt the building block of interlocking class, but all be in draining, can not protect soil.

Name is called the anti-assembly that collapses in " Collpase-preventing dam " Chinese patent application 98126110.8,, is provided with " the intercalation piece of protrusion " and " corresponding groove " referring to Figure of description Fig. 8, and the mutual intercalation of intercalation piece and groove links together.This Collpase-preventing dam is at the use initial stage, and the silt particle deposition of water and soil from transverse joint discharge, water and soil is kept in the groove of transverse joint, and perps has prolonged drainage line because of the intercalation setting, thereby a part of silt particle in the water and soil also is deposited in the groove of transverse joint; But after service time was long, the groove of transverse joint was filled up by silt particle, and transverse joint can not be brought into play and accumulate silt particle effect, drain function and also weaken several to the greatest extent, and perps weakens especially greatly by the effect that prolongs drainage line and accumulate silt particle.

Therefore, construction wall such as water conservancy project, traffic permeable stays the native problem still great difficult problem of industry to this day.

(3) summary of the invention

For overcome the existing body of wall that forms by building block build that the seam leak resistance is poor by laying bricks or stones, poor seismic behavior, deficiency poor for applicability, and solve the permeable deficiency of staying native poor performance, overturning or slip resistance analysis performance difference of the existing body of wall that forms by building block; The invention provides a kind of building block that is used to form body of wall, and the series additional building block, the auxiliary block of concrete that cooperates with the bottom surface of described building block that cooperate with the end face of described building block, and the crossing building block, the quoin that when body of wall intersects, are provided with, can make the arbitrary face of body of wall of formation prevent to leak, simultaneously antidetonation is firm, and is applicable to multiple building and various job practices; The body of wall that also indicates the formation of building block of the present invention anti-is leaking, is permeablely staying various application such as soil, permeable sediment trapping.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

A kind of building block that is used to form body of wall, in described wall the continuous dislocation of several similar building blocks stacked, described building block is a longitudinal profile, comprising: end face, bottom surface and two end faces; The cross section of described building block is bell mouth shape down on the whole; Described end face has middle ridge, and both sides are low, forms left and right support slopes; Described end face and bottom surface are such formation, when described building block and below the stacked formation body of wall of similar building block the time, the left and right support slopes of the end face of following facing block contacts with the bottom surface of described building block, thereby with two building block lockings, has stoped relative laterally moving.The longitudinal profile of indication, be not for the cross section on the pure geometry all identical, but the longitudinal profile with identical principal character for example establishes tongue and groove or establishes the hole in building block inside on two end faces, here still is summarized within all identical longitudinal profile of cross section.

The left and right sides support slopes of described building block end face has at least the partial contour line identical with the bottom surface, thereby upper and lower building block is fitted when forming body of wall.When described building block and below the stacked formation body of wall of similar building block the time, just require the left and right support slopes of the end face of following building block more fully to bond with the bottom surface of described building block, as method with laid dry, the outline line of left and right sides support slopes of then wishing end face on the building block cross section is identical with the bottom profile line, when sticking the block, even the outline line of the left and right sides support slopes of end face and bottom profile line are inequality on the cross section, can by mortar or similarly other adhesives guarantee that building block is bonded fully up and down.

Described building block has such shape and size, thereby when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion of building block topmost.Can get rid of the possibility that puzzle joint leaks fully when having the formed body of wall of the building block of such shape and size.Here said footing portion refers to the middle ridge to be the building block both sides lowest part separately on boundary.

Further, the bottom of described support slopes has shoulder, described shoulder comprises upper table surface, platform bottom surface and transverse side, described upper table surface, upper ramps and middle ridge constitute described end face, when described building block and above the stacked formation body of wall of similar building block the time, the loudspeaker recess of jut that the slope of both sides constitutes and top similar building block bottom surface is bonded.

Further again, the platform bottom surface of the shoulder of homonymy and the footing portion of building block at grade, the upper table surface of homonymy shoulder is parallel with the platform bottom surface.

Further, the transverse side of described shoulder is parallel to each other and is vertical with horizontal plane.

The top of described building block middle ridge is one of following form: 1. pointed shape; 2. mesa-shaped; 3. bent arc.

Described building block is that the center becomes bilateral symmetry with the middle ridge, is the center bilateral symmetry with the middle ridge, is not identical for the left and right sides on the pure geometry, but various building block all is the identical bilateral symmetry of primary structure feature at center with the middle ridge.For example be the main outline line symmetry in the left and right sides, center, but the arrangement of inner hole is asymmetric, here also belongs within the symmetrical range of being told about with the middle ridge.

The stepped arrangement of described support slopes, the stepped arrangement of lay special stress on upper ramps.

The stepped arrangement in described bottom surface, lay special stress on plays the stepped arrangement of loudspeaker recess of the corresponding bottom surface that cooperates with upper ramps.

Described support slopes is corrugated, and the lay special stress on upper ramps is corrugated.

Described bottom surface is corrugated, and lay special stress on is corrugated with the loudspeaker recess that upper ramps plays the corresponding bottom surface that cooperates.

Described end face is rough-shape, and described bottom surface is rough-shape.

Described upper table surface is rough-shape, and described bottom surface is rough-shape.Coarse shape can be reticulate pattern or travers or some line or other texture, and purpose is to make the surface crude, increases the resistance of adjacent layer building block length travel.

Described support slopes is provided with vertical water conservancy diversion raised line.

Add radiation proof board on the described end face, the radiation proof board of adjacent block is vertically overlapping mutually from beginning to end when described building block forms body of wall, have the body of wall that the building block of this structure builds by laying bricks or stones and have radiation protection, especially when described building block possesses following size: when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion of building block topmost.

Described building block inside is provided with the hole, establishes the hole usually to save building materials.

Described building block is provided with vertical hole.

Described building block is provided with opening, and for example the end face of building block is provided with the opening of tongue and groove class.

Be provided with secondary shoulder on the transverse side of described shoulder again, establish multistage shoulder situation when referring to special requirement.

Described transverse side is provided with insulation layer, and the body of wall that such building block forms has heat-insulating property preferably.

The transverse side of described building block is the vertical central axis camber face around a side, and whole building block is vertical arc on the whole from an end face to another end face; Such building block can form the construction wall with arc.

The transverse side of described building block is the vertical central axis camber face around a side, building block is vertical arc from an end face to another end face on the whole, building block simultaneously is vertical arc from the bottom surface to the end face, transverse side is vertical arcwall face, and whole building block balling-up is crown; Such building block can form the building dome with hyperbolical.

When forming body of wall with described building block, the additional building block that also needs some and described building block to be used.As with as described in the structure of the additional building block that cooperates of the end face of building block: as described in the bottom surface of additional building block and building block upper table surface and or end face bond, the top of the end face of described additional building block and the ridge of described building block is at grade.

And for example the joint that cooperates with the end face of described building block adds the structure of building block: the additional building block of described joint is made of described additional building block and described building block one.

When forming body of wall with described building block, the auxiliary block of concrete that also needs some and described building block to be used.Structure as the auxiliary block of concrete that cooperates with described building block bottom surface: as described in the end face of auxiliary block of concrete and the bottom surface of building block bond, the footing portion of described auxiliary block of concrete bottom surface and building block is at grade.

The structure of the joint auxiliary block of concrete that cooperates with described building block bottom surface and for example: described joint auxiliary block of concrete is made of described auxiliary block of concrete and described building block one.

When forming the body of wall that direction changes, also need the crossing building block of the body of wall intersection that some and described building block be used with described building block.The structure that is generally used for the crossing building block of body of wall intersection is such: described crossing building block is made up of three described building blocks, and described two building blocks vertically relatively join mutually with the both sides of another building block respectively and are integral.

Described crossing building block is cross.

The structure of quoin that is used for the body of wall corner is as follows: described quoin is made up of two described building blocks, a described building block vertically and a side of another building block join mutually and be integral.

Described quoin can be L-shaped.

Described quoin also can be T-shaped.

The wall body structure that forms with described building block is: described body of wall comprises the wall layer that described building block is vertically joined and formed, described wall is stacked layer by layer to be put, interlaced layout between the building block of adjacent wall layer, the purpose of interlaced arrangement forms the firm body of wall except making the building block locking, and main is to make the leakproof of blockhouse perps.

When forming body of wall with described building block, the body of wall that joins with the concrete post needs to be provided with overhanging on the concrete post, overhanging comprises end face, bottom surface and two end faces, a described overhanging end face engages with the concrete post, another described overhanging end face engages with described building block, described overhanging end face cooperates with the bottom surface of upper strata building block, and described overhanging bottom surface cooperates with the end face of lower floor's building block; A plurality of overhanging is spaced on the concrete post in order, and described a plurality of overhanging and the dislocation stacked building blocks adjacent with the concrete post engage.Overhanging is not limited to be located on the concrete post, and when being concrete wall or other frame construction, overhanging just is located on concrete wall or other frame construction.The joint that said structure can be stopped building block and concrete post or other frame construction leaks, and the masonry that building block is formed combine closely with concrete post or other frame construction, chain firmly.

Building block of the present invention has multiple application when forming body of wall, as the application of building block of the present invention at the construction wall of building leakproof by laying bricks or stones, the construction wall of described leakproof is one of following: 1. building construction body of wall; 2. tunnel lining body of wall; 3. subway body of wall; 4. wave wall; 5. mine wall body of wall; 6. underground building body of wall.

The permeable application of construction wall of staying soil is being built in building block of the present invention by laying bricks or stones, and the described permeable construction wall that stays soil is one of following: 1. retaining wall; 2. dyke; 3. embankment; 4. rivers seashore; 5. refute bank; 6. earth and rockfill dam; 7. bank protection; 8. check dam; 9. the underground storehouse of catchmenting; 10. the cofferdam of building up fields.

The application of the pitched roof structure that building block of the present invention forms at construction wall: described building block is the long plate shape building block, and described long plate shape building block is used to form the seal structure layer of pitched roof.

Building block of the present invention is in the application of building by laying bricks or stones to the bridge deck structure layer of building block bridge.

Building block of the present invention is in the application of building by laying bricks or stones to earth construction.

For the anti-seam of building by laying bricks or stones leaks, thinking of the present invention is to start with from the space-time trajectory of leaking of proposition and analysis fourth dimension, and theoretical model is:

After the water of surface of wall enters perps or directly enters perps from the building wall transverse joint, under effects such as self gravitation and certain wind pressure in body of wall, current downflow, the space-time trajectory that it leaks has certain rule usually, most situations are followed downward, inside rule, at this moment the peak of the perps top of the surface of wall space-time trajectory of normally leaking; When leaking along its space-time trajectory during near the spine of the end face of the building block of body of wall perps bottom, described spine in leak will through before can block the space-time trajectory at a certain space-time position, anti-purpose of leaking just can reach.In brief, the space-time trajectory of leaking can be blocked by the spine of the end face of the building block of body of wall perps bottom, and anti-task of leaking just can be finished.

Such building block must be provided with end face, bottom surface and two end faces, and the cross section of described building block is bell mouth shape down on the whole; The size of end face and bottom surface and stacked relation are followed the aforesaid leakproof principle that can block the space-time trajectory.

Desirable waterproof effect is: when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge of bottom building block always was higher than the peak of space-time trajectory.The common situation of this desirable waterproof effect promptly is: described building block has such shape and size, thereby when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion of building block topmost.

When building block is provided with at both ends when building the opening of cooperation by laying bricks or stones, can prolong the length of the route that leaks, thereby can will leak the space-time trajectory before spine, descend lowlyer near the building block of body of wall perps bottom, the height into the bottom surface is built by the spine that helps reducing end face, thereby helps to reduce the height of support slopes and the corresponding size of bottom surface.

When needs are permeable when staying soil, technique scheme is suitable equally.As everyone knows, muddy water is in flowing, and then deposition is many slowly for little deposit when flow velocity is fast, flow velocity.When muddy water directly flows out from the wall hole, do not stopped, flow velocity is fast, earth is taken away many; Slowed down then slow falling long-pending many, the minimizing soil erosion of flow velocity as if stopping.Thinking of the present invention is to start with from the permeable space-time trajectory of analyzing fourth dimension, and theoretical model is: the obstruction support slopes is set, makes can only the overflow spine of described building block of the water that enters body of wall transverse joint, perps, the earth in the water is supported the slope to be stopped; The support slopes spine of described building block is high more, and the obstruction effect is big more, and the permeable effect of soil of staying is good more.Desirable permeablely stay native effect to be: described building block has such shape and size, thereby when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion of building block topmost.Permeable native theoretical model and the leakproof theoretical model of staying reached the same goal by different routes.Need to prove that the permeable perps place that builds seam, particularly blockhouse by laying bricks or stones of the body of wall of soil of staying will leave the water-permeable passage that connects the body of wall two sides, preferably laid dry.

Building block is provided with relatively large end face and the bottom surface that can build cooperation mutually by laying bricks or stones, and formed building body is chain by cooperatively interacting of its end face and bottom surface, thereby has more excellent globality, shock resistance, stability.

According to the leakproof theoretical model, set up following Mathematical Modeling.

Simple mathematics model is: the raindrop of the highest point of surface of wall place perps, under horizontal wind, do not touch building block, and in air, move; The space-time that leaks trajectory is blocked by the spine of the end face of the building block of perps bottom.Highest point is Sx to the horizontal range of this spine, and vertical distance is Sy; Raindrop horizontal movement speed is Vx, and the time of horizontal movement Sx is Tx; Raindrop vertical landing terminal velocity is Vy, and the time of vertical displacement Sy is Ty, and raindrop whereabouts acceleration is g.

Sx＝VxTx，Sy＝VyTy+(1÷2)×g×Ty ²。Consult interrelated data, when speed that raindrop falls and air resistance balance, raindrop uniform motion, its terminal velocity Vy=9m/s, Sy=9Ty then, Ty=Sy ÷ 9.If the width of building block is 20cm, spine is Sx=10cm when the center of the width of building block, Tx=10 ÷ Vx; When Tx＜Ty, promptly 10 ÷ Vx＜Sy ÷ 9 can play the leakproof effect.False wind is to level and perpendicular to surface of wall, the horizontal velocity Vx of raindrop is generally less than wind speed, this sentences unfavorable situation Vx and equals wind speed and calculate, and the critical Sy during this condition under different wind-force sees the following form 1, and vertical distance Sy that promptly can leakproof should be less than data in the table.

Table 1:

Wind-force (level)	Wind speed Vx (m/s)	Vertical distance Sy (cm)
			????5	????9	????10.0
????6	????12	????7.5
			????7	????16	????5.6
????8	????19	????4.7
			????9	????23	????3.9
????10	????26	????3.5
			????11	????31	????2.9
????12

Certainly, the actual situation of leaking is very complicated, the leakproof Mathematical Modeling to consider raindrop size, different wind directions wind-force, air resistance, be attached to water in the building block with the influences such as roughness of the viscosity resistance between the building block, building block, do not describe in detail at this.

No matter but the actual what state complexity of leaking, I find that Sy is more little, and the end face of lower floor's building block is built into the height of building block bottom surface, upper strata big more, and leak preventing effect is good more.Can derive from table, behind Sy＜0, promptly when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, when the ridge of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion of building block topmost, leak preventing effect was best.

Meteorology differs greatly all over China, meteorological all over the world difference is bigger, according to the Mathematical Modeling of above-mentioned theory model foundation and local meteorological data, leakproof simulation empirical data, with the anti-class requirement that leaks, the end face that just can design building block is built the proper height into the bottom surface.

Beneficial effect of the present invention mainly shows: the two-sided leakproof problem that thoroughly solves the body of wall that is formed by building block, perfect solve the body of wall that formed by building block permeable stays native problem, also available long plate shape building block forms leak-proof roof, and shock resistance, good stability are widely applicable.What time following concrete manifestation is:

(1), just: building block is a rigid member, its end face and bottom surface cooperate can rise structure chain, carry stabilization, non-bearing wall body was also bonded closely; More can build to bearing wall, stem stem body of wall, arrangement of reinforcement body of wall, can become rigid structural layer the roof.

(2), gentle: building bodies such as the formed construction wall of building block, building roof, ground, it builds by laying bricks or stones to be sewn on can have flexibility in the overall structure, adapt to certain deformation, and seismic forces is played buffering effect, helps cancelling some shrinkage joint, deformation joint.

(3), block: the end face of building block and bottom surface cooperate, and all have the obstruction effect for the water that enters transverse joint, perps from the body of wall two sides, no matter be which side of body of wall, when surface of wall water will go deep in the body of wall, the obstruct that is subjected to support slopes can be played the leakproof effect; Along with increasing gradually of support slopes height, the leakproof effect of body of wall perps increases gradually; As long as the space-time trajectory of leaking can be blocked by the end face spine of the building block of body of wall perps bottom, the total guide effect of body of wall always stops surface of wall water to be passed through to the body of wall another side from the transverse joint and the perps on any one side of body of wall, just can thoroughly prevent to build by laying bricks or stones seam and leak.Optimal waterproof effect is: the end face spine of the building block of body of wall perps bottom builds into the block in the bottom surface of adjacent upper strata building block and goes into highly to make end face spine always to be higher than the peak of space-time trajectory.In like manner, all has the obstruction effect for the silt particle that enters transverse joint, perps from the arbitrary face of body of wall.

(4), saturating: build by laying bricks or stones seam leave the slit that connects the body of wall both sides, especially during laid dry, the water of body of wall one side after long-pending liter of stopping of support slopes, from building gap overflow by laying bricks or stones to opposite side, the earth in the water long-pending rise stay in the process long-pending.Desirable permeablely stay native effect to be; Described building block has such shape and size, thereby when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion of building block topmost.

The row of blocking is in conjunction with the anti-requirement of leaking of satisfying buildings such as house, tunnel, subway, wave wall, underground warehouse, underground people's air defense, mine, tunnel, satisfy retaining wall, dyke, refute bank, the permeable of building such as riverbank, bank protection, embankment, sea wall stay native requirement, satisfy the permeable sediment trapping requirement of check dam, satisfy that outside waterproof, the inner face of earth and rockfill dam backwater dam facing is permeable to stay native requirement, satisfying the cofferdam of building up fields crosses water and blocks the permeable requirement of mud, the native requirement of permeable retaining of next part reservoir contentedly.

(5), chain: the end face of adjacent block and bottom surface can be bonded chain mutually, even laid dry also is difficult to take out wherein building block from the laid dry body.

(6), integral body: building bodies such as the formed construction wall of building block, building roof, ground, interlocking is coherent, works in coordination with and plays a role good integrity.

(7), antidetonation:, also have good lateral force, side direction anti-seismic performance even in the weakest blockwork side direction of antidetonation.

(8), firm: during general body of wall lateral force, weak build by laying bricks or stones seam almost do not draw connect, the effect of lower floor's building block, masonry very easily topples; The existing building block that small embossment body and corresponding recesses are set, as Fig. 1～5 and so on, its weakness build when being sewn on lateral force also easily unstability by laying bricks or stones; And as the building block of Fig. 6 and so on, when the formed metope of protruding dash body by the back of such building block is imposed lateral force, then easier unstability.Hypodermis straddle-type in the present invention's the building block, perps is staggered builds by laying bricks or stones, can all build when the end face of lower floor's building block needs in the bottom surface of upper strata building block, and is chain, overall performance is fine, and body of wall has good shearing resistance tensile property.When body of wall lateral force that the present invention's building block forms, the bottom surface of upper strata building block is kept out by the end face spine of lower floor's building block, have only lateral force after making the building block rupture failure, just can topple, obviously, make the lateral force of the present invention's building block rupture failure be far longer than the lateral force that prior art building wall seam is drawn back, therefore, the present invention's blockwork is highly stable firm, and its resistance to capsizing, shock resistance are better than the prior art body of wall greatly.Even laid dry need not any connection measure, also highly stable firmly.

(9), easy to be general: the building block physique structure is succinct, and specification is few, is convenient to production, carrying, piling and builds use by laying bricks or stones.As long as production equipment is generally mold exchange more, can with existingly fire, production method such as compacting; Suitable employing grouts, the sticking block, also suitable laid dry, the cladding mode of adopting; Employing grouts, the sticking body of wall of building, when can reach transverse joint smooth, when body of wall satisfies force request, the mortar that can reduce greatly perps requires, does not even do requirement, simplifies construction, reduces and builds difficulty by laying bricks or stones, improves and builds work efficiency by laying bricks or stones, reduces cost.

(10) diversity is good, and highly versatile, application surface are very extensive.Can be solid, can be provided with also that hole, groove, opening are used to lay hydroelectric line, fill heat preserving and insulating material, pouring concrete or arrangement of reinforcement concrete, chainly build reinforcing by laying bricks or stones; Can also be by coining, be coated with coloured silk, glazing, cutter hair, cut vacation, split from etc. method produce and be ornamental building block; Be applicable on the ground, various bodies of wall, the roof of underground structure (comprising structure), bearing wall and non-bearing wall body are gone along with sb. to guard him, retaining structure, all kinds of bodies of wall such as insulation, heat insulation, sound insulation, the draining of guarantor's soil, radiation proof; Can also pass through hole, groove, opening or changeable building method, can be in the hole, groove, seam be implanted into flowers and plants or the lively thing utilization of feeding water, thus satisfy body of wall greening, ecological, attractive in appearance needs.Can be in the house, tunnel, subway, wave wall, underground warehouse, underground people's air defense, mine, tunnel, retaining wall, dyke, refute various architectural playing a significant role such as bank, riverbank, quaywall, bank protection, embankment, sea wall, cofferdam, earth and rockfill dam, groynes, jetty, closure dam, ground sills, check dam, the underground storehouse of catchmenting, and significantly reduce working procedure, reduction of erection time, reduction cost, improve security and stability.

(11), draw materials extensively: building block can be adopted various constructional materials productions, as: constructional materialss such as mud, clay, concrete, shale, haydite, plastics, resin, metal, composite material, waste and scraps such as coal ash cinder, gangue, metallurgical slag, slag, ettle, straw, rubbish, draw materials nearby, save cost, turn waste into wealth environmental protection.

(12) be widely used: the concrete ground that also can be applicable to radiation proof body of wall, building pitched roof, building body roof panel, building block bridge floor, frequent maintenance.

Building radiation-resistant prior art deficiency is: cast-in-place radiation shield concrete wall cost is big, the construction period is long; The anti-radiation building of metal construction involves great expense; Masonry transverse joint, the perps of radiation proof building block building easily cause radiation leakage; At surface of wall nail radiation proof board, interior decoration easily is damaged, and makes the interior decoration difficulty.On the support slopes of building block of the present invention radiation proof board is set, or the radiant panel of setting up defences of the building block support slopes upper berth in building seam by laying bricks or stones when building a wall with building block of the present invention, the radiation proof body of wall that forms can solve the above problems, easy construction, duration comparatively fast, not fragile, cost is lower.

For the building construction roof, existing waterproof method mainly is: improve roof cast-in-situ concrete from water resistance, improve the waterproofing materials performance of roof membrane, these methods make moderate progress to the waterproof on flat roof, cost is bigger, and drainage still is more.Therefore, just adopt pitched roof, though pitched roof helps rapid draining, but keep away unavoidably cast-in-place, the crack of precast concrete, constuction joint, deformation joint, splicing seams, when the waterproofing materials of roof membrane is aging, when breakage or tile are damaged, water still can flow into waterproofing course with between the rigid layer, then in the inlet chamber of slit.Building block of the present invention provides the technical scheme that solves roof leak proof.

The new type roof plate of failed Chinese patent 88200523.5 is referring to Figure of description Fig. 9; Matured patent 91226107.2 from the draining roof panel, referring to Figure of description Figure 10; The leak-proof roof plate of inefficacy Chinese patent 95219141.5 is referring to Figure of description Figure 11; The leakproof porous roof panel of invalid patent 95225531.6 is referring to Figure of description Figure 12; To the transverse joint between the roof panel, the narrow overlapping overlap joint up and down by roof panel plays waterproof action; To the perps of roof panel termination,, influence the laying of other function of roofing by in the perps cover tiles or divide into tank at perps and come waterproof.The monolithic roofing plate of invalid patent 95218387.0 referring to Figure of description Figure 13, discloses a kind of monolithic roofing plate, has transverse joint, perps waterproof action, but the body complexity, produces inconvenience, does not see promotion and implementation.Glass fiber reinforced plastic corrugated tile plate, asbestos corrugated shingle plate, sheet metal corrugated roof panel, waterproof effect is fine, but only be waterproof action and can not play the structure stress effect, glass fiber reinforced plastic corrugated tile plate, asbestos corrugated shingle plate are fragile, common metal sheet material corrugated roof panel is perishable, and high-grade sheet metal corrugated roof panel costs an arm and a leg.Adopt the leak-proof pitched roof of long plate shape building block formation of the present invention, can well solve the leakproof problem of roofing, and convenient for production.

The prior art of piece stone bridge, building block bridge is: building block is staggered continuously from the bridge pier of two ends, and the building block of last column is clamp-oned from the top down by spreading laid dry or grouting by the shop, the width of the upper side of building block greater than the width of downside, cross section for trapezoidal.Weak point is: finish when removing the bridge roof truss paving, because exposure level difference not chain, the adjacent contact face is bigger mutually between the building block, lose the decline degree difference of the adjacent block of support, the upper side of formation bridge floor that causes adjacent block is not at same continuous face, bridge floor just rises and falls, and vehicle jolts bigger; And also because the contact error of adjacent contact face is bigger, and unbalance stress between many contact surfaces causes unstability to collapse, this accident is existing to be taken place.The building block bridge that adopts building block of the present invention to form, the decline degree of chain mutually between the building block, as to lose support adjacent block reaches unanimity, and makes bridge floor smooth; Stressed because chain and be tending towards evenly between the contact surface, improve the building block bridge construction greatly, the safety and stability in using.

Ground is looked like container yard, heavy vehicle parking lot etc. and is damaged easily under weight, need just can not use at the concrete defects liability period through concrete maintenance commonly used, and the concrete of teeming with former concrete can not be firm be combined as a whole; The end of the bridge section of highway usually need repeatedly be removed cast-in-situ concrete road surface or flexible pavement because of bridge with the different sedimentations of highway, increases the weight of use cost, adopts the cast-in-situ concrete maintenance then to use because of construction, maintenance influence highway; The coating graticule is generally adopted in the zig zag of highway, the crossroad of road, caution slow-down place, and the coating graticule wears away easily; Zig zag section, the airfield runway of highway need increase resistance of taxing, adopt the method for railway spike sometimes, and wartime, airfield runway needed rush repair when particularly military runway damages.The ground of adopting building block of the present invention to form, chain integral body, cost is lower, keeps in repair fairly simple.

Beneficial effect of the present invention also is in particular in:

1), since the distortion of concrete building block, clinker brick, build the seam crack by laying bricks or stones much larger than loam brick can be more serious, so design, exploitation, construction, owner each side all have no end of misgivings, this is to hinder the key factor that China's engineering of " forbidding solid clay brick " advances.The present invention has thoroughly solved the problem of being worried, and therefore, the present invention is very beneficial for the speed that government accelerates to advance " prohibiting real " engineering.

2), dried be stacked with block also can leakproof, firmly whole, be specially adapted to the house owed by a citizen of poverty-stricken area.Also be suitable for building breed buildings such as pig farm cattle pen.

3), laid dry is quick, goes along with sb. to guard him respond well; It is convenient to remove, can be repeatedly multiplexing.Be specially adapted to some temporary buildings, as lightly constructed and simply equipped building, impermanency room, barracks etc.

4), can transform, repair the old building of leaking preferably.

5), waste materials such as some slag, cinder have radioactivity, should not be used for the human settlements building.Building such as retaining wall, dyke, embankment is lower to radioactive limitation standard, and radioactive waste generally can utilize.But,, use and limited to then because of its body of wall has aforesaid many deficiencies if produce the radioactive waste building block with prior art.Because the present invention's building block has solved many deficiencies of the building block of prior art, therefore can utilize and contain radioactive waste and produce building block of the present invention and be widely used in buildings such as retaining wall, dyke, embankment, solve the outlet of radioactive waste.

6), above-mentioned beneficial effect, help improving construction speed, reduction of erection time, reduce cost; In the whole life process of building, increase building use value, reduce the building use cost, prolong the building useful life, improve building user's quality of life; Help the construction civilization, the building site environmental protection; Help construction assemblingization, architectural industrialization, help the development of modernization of architecture.

Said the grouting of the application refers to build by laying bricks or stones with cement mortar, mixing mortar etc., and sticking block refers to build by laying bricks or stones with the solid of a bonding effect such as chemical glue mixture, adhesive or pulp-water etc.; Laid dry is meant direct bond, does not adopt sticking block, grouts; Building block of the present invention comprises brick, long plate shape building block, block brick, and the block such as stone, prefabricated component with feature of the present invention.With the construction wall that building block forms, also comprise the roofing that forms with building block, bridge, ground etc. herein, also comprise the various buildings that the principle of utilizing this manual is built.Said body of wall comprises the body of wall that forms for building block entirely, or the body of wall that has building block, beam, post to form.

(4) description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that number of patent application is 00103227.5 dry brick laying type building blocks structure chart in the prior art.

Fig. 2 is that number of patent application is 86106157 assembling block structure figure in the prior art.

Fig. 3 is that number of patent application is 93105572.5 solid wall block with sleeving linkage structure chart in the prior art.

Fig. 4 is that the patent No. is 03218670.3 building-block structure chart in the prior art.

Fig. 5 is that number of patent application is a kind of centrifugal block structure chart of 98114537.X in the prior art.

Fig. 6 is that the patent No. is 96194387.4 the block structure figure that is used to form mortarless wall in the prior art.

Fig. 7 is that the patent No. is the anti-exterior wall leakage block structure figure of 02217611.X in the prior art.

Fig. 8 is that the patent No. is the anti-assembly assumption diagram that collapses in 98126110.8 the Collpase-preventing dam in the prior art.

Fig. 9 is that the patent No. is 88200523.5 the new type roof composition that hardens in the prior art.

Figure 10 be in the prior art patent No. be 91226107.2 from draining room panel structure figure.

Figure 11 is that the patent No. is 95219141.5 the leak-proof roof composition that hardens in the prior art.

Figure 12 is that the patent No. is 95225531.6 leakproof porous room panel structure figure in the prior art.

Figure 13 is that the patent No. is 95218387.0 the monolithic roofing composition that hardens in the prior art.

Figure 14 is the structure chart of the embodiment of building block of the present invention, and this building block is made up of end face 1, bottom surface 2, two end faces 3, and the footing portion 7 of this building block is in end face and joint, bottom surface, and the top of middle ridge 6 is pointed shape.

Figure 15 is the structure chart of another embodiment of building block of the present invention, this building block is made up of end face 1, bottom surface 2, two end faces 3 and two horizontal joint faces 8, the top of middle ridge 6 is pointed shape, and the footing portion 7 of this building block is in horizontal joint face and joint, bottom surface.

Figure 16 is the block structure figure that a side has shoulder 9.

Figure 17 is the structure chart that both sides have shoulder 9, and the top of the middle ridge 6 of this building block is pointed shape.

Figure 18 is the block structure figure that top that the top of middle ridge 6 is mesa-shaped, bottom surface 2 also is mesa-shaped.

Figure 19 is the building block that has one-sided shoulder 9, and the top of the middle ridge 6 of this building block is mesa-shaped, and the top of bottom surface 2 also is mesa-shaped.

Figure 20 is the building block that has bilateral shoulder 9, and the top of this building block middle ridge 6 is mesa-shaped, and the top of bottom surface 2 also is mesa-shaped.

Figure 21 is the block structure figure that top that the top of middle ridge 6 is bent arc, bottom surface 2 also is bent arc.

Figure 22 is the building block that has one-sided shoulder 9, and the top of the middle ridge 6 of this building block is bent arc, and the top of bottom surface 2 also is bent arc.

Figure 23 is the building block that has bilateral shoulder 9, and the top of this building block middle ridge 6 is bent arc, and the top of bottom surface 2 also is bent arc.

Figure 24 is a kind of deformed block of building block shown in Figure 15, and the top of this building block middle ridge 6 is pointed shape, and in two horizontal joint faces 8 of building block, side, the left side is a vertical plane, and side, the right is the inclined plane.

Figure 25 is a kind of deformed block of building block shown in Figure 15, and in two horizontal joint faces 8 of this building block, side, the left side, side, the right all are the inclined planes.

Figure 26 is a kind of deformed block of building block shown in Figure 16, and the horizontal joint face 8 on the right of this building block is the inclined plane, and the transverse side 12 on the left side of one-sided shoulder 9 also is the inclined plane.

Figure 27 is a kind of deformed block of building block shown in Figure 17, and the transverse side 12 of the shoulder 9 of these building block both sides all is the inclined plane.

Figure 28 is a kind of distortion building block of building block shown in Figure 20, and the footing portion 7 of these building block both sides is not contour, and the both sides transverse side 12 of shoulder is a vertical plane.

Figure 29 is a kind of deformed block of building block shown in Figure 28, and the footing portion 7 of these building block both sides is not contour, and the footing portion in left side is lower than the footing portion 7 on right side, and the both sides transverse side 12 of shoulder is the inclined plane.

Figure 30 is a kind of deformed block of building block shown in Figure 20, this building block is respectively equipped with chamfering 13 at the edge of the shoulder 9 of both sides, upper table surface 10, platform bottom surface 11 are provided with chamfering 13 longitudinally with transverse side 12 junctions, and end face 3 is provided with vertical chamfering 13 with transverse side 12 junctions.

Figure 31 is a kind of deformed block of building block shown in Figure 30, and the upper table surface 10 of the left and right shoulder 9 of this building block, platform bottom surface 11 all are the inclined planes.

Figure 32 is the structure chart that is used by three identical building blocks, and described building block is that top that both sides have shoulder 9, a middle ridge 6 is the top that mesa-shaped, support slopes 4,5 be the stepped arrangement of profile of tooth, bottom surface 2 and is the building block of mesa-shaped.

Figure 33 is that both sides have that shoulder 9, middle ridge 6 are bent arc, support slopes 4,5 is the stepped distribution of bent arc, and the top of bottom surface 2 is the block structure figure of bent arc.

Figure 34 is the structure chart that is used by three identical building blocks, described building block is that the top that both sides have shoulder 9, a middle ridge 6 is mesa-shaped, support slopes 4,5 is the stepped arrangement of profile of tooth, and the top of bottom surface 2 is mesa-shaped, bottom surface 2 also is the stepped arrangement of profile of tooth.

Figure 35 is that both sides have that shoulder 9, middle ridge 6 are bent arc, support slopes 4,5 is the stepped distribution of bent arc, and the top of bottom surface 2 is the block structure figure that bent arc, bottom surface 2 also are the stepped distribution of bent arc.

Figure 36 does not have shoulder, and middle ridge 6 is mesa-shaped, support slopes is the profile of tooth corrugated and distributes, and the top of bottom surface 2 is the block structure figure of mesa-shaped.

Figure 37 has one-sided shoulder 9, and middle ridge 6 is mesa-shaped, support slopes is the profile of tooth corrugated and distributes, and the top of bottom surface 2 is the block structure figure of mesa-shaped.

Figure 38 has bilateral shoulder 9, and middle ridge 6 is mesa-shaped, the slope is the profile of tooth corrugated and distributes, and the top of bottom surface 2 is the block structure figure of mesa-shaped.

Figure 39 does not have shoulder, and middle ridge 6 is mesa-shaped, support slopes is the profile of tooth corrugated and distributes, and the top of bottom surface 2 is mesa-shaped, bottom surface 2 also is the block structure figure that the profile of tooth corrugated distributes.That is to say that the bottom surface based on building block shown in Figure 36 is the block structure figure that the profile of tooth corrugated distributes.

Figure 40 has one-sided shoulder 9, and middle ridge 6 is mesa-shaped, support slopes is the profile of tooth corrugated and distributes, and the loudspeaker recess that the top of bottom surface 2 is mesa-shaped, bottom surface 2 also is the block structure figure that the profile of tooth corrugated distributes.That is to say that the bottom surface based on building block shown in Figure 37 is the block structure figure that the profile of tooth corrugated distributes.

Figure 41 has bilateral shoulder 9, and middle ridge 6 is mesa-shaped, the slope is the profile of tooth corrugated and distributes, and the loudspeaker recess that the top of bottom surface 2 is mesa-shaped, bottom surface 2 also is the block structure figure that the profile of tooth corrugated distributes.That is to say that the bottom surface based on building block shown in Figure 38 is the block structure figure that the profile of tooth corrugated distributes.

Figure 42 has bilateral shoulder 9, and middle ridge 6 is bent arc, the slope is bent arc corrugated and distributes, and the top of bottom surface 2 is the block structure figure of bent arc.

Figure 43 has bilateral shoulder 9, and middle ridge 6 is bent arc, and the slope is bent arc corrugated and distributes, and the loudspeaker recess that the top of bottom surface 2 is bent arc, bottom surface 2 also is the block structure figure that bent arc corrugated distributes.That is to say that the bottom surface based on building block shown in Figure 42 is the block structure figure that bent arc corrugated distributes.

Figure 44 is the block structure figure that has vertical little chase formula corrugated on the support slopes of building block shown in Figure 15.

Figure 45 is the block structure figure that has vertical little chase formula corrugated on the support slopes of building block shown in Figure 16.

Figure 46 is the block structure figure that has vertical little chase formula corrugated on the slope of building block shown in Figure 17.

Figure 47 is the block structure figure that arranges the coarse shape striped of horizontal cracking resistance on the upper table surface 10, platform bottom surface 11 of the shoulder 9 of building block shown in Figure 17.

Figure 48 is that the coarse shape striped of horizontal cracking resistances is arranged in upper table surface 10, the platform bottom surface 11 of the shoulder 9 of building block shown in Figure 20, and the coarse shape striped of described cracking resistance is less than the block structure figure of the transverse side 12 of shoulder 9.

Figure 49 is the block structure figure that upper table surface 10, the platform bottom surface 11 of the shoulder 9 of building block shown in Figure 20 is furnished with the another kind of recessed coarse shape striped of horizontal cracking resistance.

Figure 50 is that the coarse shape striped of horizontal cracking resistances is arranged in upper table surface 10, the platform bottom surface 11 of the shoulder 9 of building block shown in Figure 49, and the coarse shape striped of described cracking resistance does not extend to the block structure figure of the transverse side 12 of shoulder 9.

Figure 51 is the upper table surface 10 of the shoulder 9 of building block shown in Figure 20, the block structure figure that platform bottom surface 11 is distributed with the coarse shape point line of recessed cracking resistance.

Figure 52 is the block structure figure that the end on slope is provided with the vertical water conservancy diversion raised line 14 in end.

Figure 53 is the block structure figure that the slope is provided with vertical water conservancy diversion raised line 14.

Figure 54 is the block structure figure that end face 1 is provided with radiation proof board 15.

Figure 55 is the block structure figure that left support slopes 4 is provided with radiation proof board 15.

Figure 56 is the block structure figure that end face 1 is provided with vertical hole 16.

Figure 57 is the block structure figure that both sides shoulder 9 is provided with vertical hole 16.

Figure 58 is the block structure figure that a side shoulder 9 is provided with little vertical hole 16.

Figure 59 is the block structure figure that a side shoulder 9 is provided with vertical hole 16.

Figure 60 is that both sides are provided with vertical hole 16 block structure figure.

Figure 61 is the block structure generalized section that one-sided shoulder 9 is provided with the vertical blind hole 16 of an end.

Figure 62 is that one-sided shoulder 9 is provided with the vertically block structure generalized section of blind hole 16 of middle part.

Figure 63 is the block structure figure that is provided with some vertical apertures 16.

Figure 64 is the block structure figure that is provided with some vertical apertures 16.

Figure 65 is the block structure figure that is provided with vertical macropore 16.

Figure 66 is the block structure figure that is provided with vertical aperture 16.

Figure 67 is the block structure figure that two end faces 3 are respectively equipped with vertical openings 17.

Figure 68 is the block structure figure that two end faces 3 are respectively equipped with another kind of vertical openings 17, and the vertical openings 17 that the vertical openings 17 of an end face 3 is inner concavity, another end face 3 is outer gibbosity.

Figure 69 is the block structure figure that the upper table surface 10 of both sides shoulder 9 is provided with longitudinal opening 17.

Figure 70 is the upper table surface 10 of both sides shoulder 9 and the block structure figure that two end faces 3 are provided with opening 17.

Figure 71 is the block structure figure that the upper table surface 10 of a side shoulder 9 is provided with longitudinal opening 17.

Figure 72 is the block structure figure that has longitudinal opening 17 on the side bearing slope 4.

Figure 73 is the block structure figure that an end is provided with the horizontal U-shaped opening 17 that connects left shoulder and right slope.

Figure 74 is the block structure figure of the horizontal U-shaped opening 17 of the end loudspeaker recess that is provided with the shoulder 9 that connects a side and bottom surface.

Figure 75 is the block structure figure that bilateral shoulder 9 all has secondary shoulder 18.

Figure 76 is the block structure figure that a side shoulder 9 has insulation layer 19.

Figure 77 is the block structure figure that a side shoulder 9 has the sandwich thermal insulated layer 19 of vertical dovetail slot type.

Figure 78 is a side shoulder 9 connects sandwich thermal insulated layer 19 by vertical dovetail tongue-and-groove block structure figure.

Figure 79 is the block structure figure that has decorative cover 20 on the transverse side 12 of a side shoulder 9.

Figure 80 is the block structure figure that has another kind of decorative cover 20 on the transverse side 12 of a side shoulder 9.

Figure 81 is the block structure figure that has another decorative cover 20 on the transverse side 12 of a side shoulder 9.

Figure 82 is the block structure figure that a side shoulder 9 has sound-absorption hole 21 and sound-absorbing mouth 22.

Figure 83 is the block structure figure that a side shoulder 9 has another kind of sound-absorption hole 21 and sound-absorbing mouth 22.

Figure 84 is the block structure figure that has greening hole 23 on the side shoulder 9.

Figure 85 is the block structure figure that has another kind of greening hole 23 on the side shoulder 9.

Figure 86 is that transverse side is the vertical central axis camber face around a side, and whole building block is the block structure figure of vertical arc on the whole to another end face 3 from an end face 3.

Figure 87 is based on the building block shown in Figure 84, from the bottom surface 2 to end face 1 be vertical arc, transverse side 12 is vertical arcwall face, is the block structure figure of spherical crown shape on the whole.

Figure 88 is additional building block 24, auxiliary block of concrete 26 and the three-dimensional exploded view of building block shown in Figure 17.

Figure 89 structural representation that to be additional building block 24, auxiliary block of concrete 26 cooperate with building block shown in Figure 17.

Figure 90 structural representation that to be additional building block 24, auxiliary block of concrete 26 cooperate with building block shown in Figure 15.

Figure 91 structural representation that to be additional building block 24, auxiliary block of concrete 26 cooperate with building block shown in Figure 16.

Figure 92 engages additional building block 25, engages the structural representation that auxiliary block of concrete 27 cooperates with building block shown in Figure 17.

Figure 93 engages additional building block 25, engages the structural representation that auxiliary block of concrete 27 cooperates with building block shown in Figure 15.

Figure 94 engages additional building block 25, engages the structural representation that auxiliary block of concrete 27 cooperates with building block shown in Figure 16.

Figure 95 is that cross intersects the block structure schematic diagram.

Figure 96 is that another kind of cross intersects the block structure schematic diagram.

Figure 97 is L shaped quoin structure chart.

Figure 98 is another kind of L shaped quoin structural representation.

Figure 99 is T-shaped quoin structure chart.

Figure 100 is another kind of T-shaped quoin structure chart.

Figure 101 is the structural representation that becomes body of wall with concrete block masonry of the present invention, and described body of wall has building block, additional building block 24, auxiliary block of concrete 26 to constitute.

Figure 102 is a structural representation of using the another kind of body of wall of concrete block masonry one-tenth of the present invention, and described body of wall has building block, joint auxiliary block of concrete 27, T-shaped to intersect building block, is provided with overhanging 28 concrete post formation.

Figure 103 is a kind of sectional drawing of the body of wall shown in Figure 101, the bottom is provided with auxiliary block of concrete 26, has pointed out build the position in seam of footing portion 7 at body of wall.

Figure 104 is a kind of sectional drawing of the body of wall shown in Figure 102, and the bottom is provided with and engages auxiliary block of concrete 27.

Figure 105 is the schematic diagram that building block of the present invention forms a kind of lateral force of body of wall.

Figure 106 is the body of wall generalized section that building block shown in Figure 16 is arranged.

Figure 107 is the sectional drawing that the body of wall shown in 102 is connected with external frame by connector 29.

Figure 108 is that body of wall of the present invention is by the sectional drawing of connector 29 with the another kind of connected mode of external frame.

Figure 109 is that the body of wall shown in 102 passes through connector 29 and another connected mode of external frame, and the transverse opening other end that described connector one end is installed in a certain building block in the wall layer is connected with external frame.

Figure 110 is the block structure figure that inside is equipped with reinforcing bar.

Figure 111 is that outside end face 1, bottom surface 2, two sides 12 all are provided with peripheral metal 30, and the inner pouring of building block has concrete block structure figure.

Figure 112 be provided with based on the horn-like thin plate 31 of the blocks shape of Figure 21 and shoulder in conjunction with formed block structure figure.

Figure 113 builds mould block structure figure, this building block middle part hollow out, and two end faces have the shape identical with the end face of building block shown in Figure 20.

Figure 114 is the another kind of mould block structure figure that builds, this building block middle part hollow out, and an end face has the shape identical with the end face of building block shown in Figure 20, and the end face of another end face and bottom surface all are the planes.

Figure 115 is the long plate shape building block that has with building block similar shape shown in Figure 14, and left support slopes end is provided with vertical water conservancy diversion raised line 14, spine also is provided with vertical water conservancy diversion raised line 14.

Figure 116 also is and the long plate shape deformed block of building block similar shape shown in Figure 14 that the two ends of this building block support slopes are provided with water conservancy diversion raised line 14.

Figure 117 is the deformed block that the another kind of building block shown in Figure 15 has fovea superior.

Figure 118 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of building block shown in Figure 117.

Figure 119 is a kind of structure chart of stem stem body of wall, and T-shaped wall, corner wall place include the block mould building block shown in Figure 113, Figure 114 in this body of wall.

Figure 120 is a kind of structure chart of core body of wall, includes the building block that is provided with vertical through holes 16 that is similar to Figure 56 or Figure 57 in this body of wall.

Figure 121 is the structure chart of another body of wall, and this body of wall includes the greening building block shown in Figure 85.

Figure 122 is the wall body structure figure that a kind of Figure 56 of comprising, Figure 57 are provided with the hole, widens the gap that perps 33 leaves increasing in this body of wall, and formation can be for the hole of greening.

Figure 123 is a kind of structure chart of sloping core body, forms with concrete block masonry shown in Figure 27 in this body of wall.

Figure 124 is the sectional drawing that adopts the radiation proof body of wall of the building block formation shown in Figure 55.

Figure 125 is the sectional drawing that is provided with the radiation proof body of wall of radiation proof board on the two-side supporting slope.

Figure 126 is the sectional drawing that adopts the body of wall of the building block formation that vertical macropore is set on the basis of Figure 15.

Figure 127 is with the building block of Figure 47, Figure 49, builds the structural representation that seam is built by laying bricks or stones by mortar by laying bricks or stones.

Figure 128 is the partial enlarged drawing that the mortar of Figure 127 is built seam by laying bricks or stones.

Figure 129 is similar long plate shape building block of Figure 126 and the wall body structure schematic diagram that is provided with overhanging 28 concrete post formation.

Figure 130 is with the long plate shape building block of Figure 115 and is provided with the sloping core body structure schematic diagram that overhanging 28 concrete post forms.

Figure 131 is a kind of tunnel lining wall body structure schematic diagram, is provided with connector 29, every anti-layer 34.

Figure 132 is a kind of wall body structure schematic diagram that has air layer 35 towards structure one side.

Figure 133 is a kind of wall body structure schematic diagram that has every anti-layer 34.

Figure 134 is a kind of wall body structure schematic diagram that is provided with connector 29.

Figure 135 is a kind of structural representation of barricade body.

Figure 136 is the structural representation of another kind of barricade body, and the bottom building block of this body of wall has the shoulder of broad.

Figure 137 is a kind of structural representation of barricade body of inclination.

Figure 138 is a kind of structural representation of dyke body of wall, and the building block of this body of wall is similar to building block shown in Figure 14.

Figure 139 is the structural representation of another kind of dyke body of wall, adopts the building block similar to Figure 26, and the shoulder of building block is towards land side.

Figure 140 is a kind of structural representation of earth and rockfill dam body of wall, and the upstream dam facing adopts building block as shown in figure 17, and the downstream dam facing adopts building block as shown in figure 16, and the wave wall of dam crest adopts building block as shown in figure 17.

Figure 141 is a kind of structural representation of the underground storehouse body of wall that catchments.

Figure 142 is a kind of structural representation of check dam body of wall.

Figure 143 is a kind of structural representation of the cofferdam body of wall of building up fields.

Figure 144 is the structural representation that has the barricade body of connector 29.

Figure 145 is the barricade body structure schematic diagram that has aperture plate sheet 36.

Figure 146 is a structural representation of using the roofing top of the same Figure 116 of the building block similar to Figure 24, Figure 25, Figure 117 building block formation.

Figure 147 is the structural representation of the bridge deck structure layer of building block formation of the present invention.

Figure 148 is the earth construction schematic diagram that building block of the present invention forms.

Figure 149 is a kind of base bar formula mould of production building block of the present invention.

Figure 150 is the another kind of base bar formula mould of production building block of the present invention.

Figure 151 is another base bar formula mould of production building block of the present invention.

Figure 152 is the base bar formula mould that is provided with imprinter 37 outside the outlet of base bar.

Figure 153 is the schematic diagram of the wheel of the imprinting on the imprinter 37 among Figure 152.

Figure 154 is a kind of box mould of producing building block of the present invention.

Figure 155 is the another kind of box mould of producing building block of the present invention.

(5) specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the embodiment in each accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.

A kind of building block that is used to form body of wall, the continuous dislocation of several similar building blocks is stacked in described wall, described building block is a longitudinal profile, the longitudinal profile of indication, be not for the cross section on the pure geometry all identical, but the longitudinal profile with identical principal character, building block comprises end face 1, bottom surface 2 and two end faces 3; The cross section of building block is bell mouth shape down on the whole; End face 1 has middle ridge 6, and both sides are low, forms left support slopes 4, right support slopes 4; End face 1 and bottom surface 2 are such formation, when building block and below the stacked formation body of wall of similar building block the time, the left and right support slopes of the end face 1 of following facing block contacts with the bottom surface 2 of building block, thereby with two building blocks lockings, has stoped relative laterally moving.

The left and right support slopes of building block end face 1 has at least the partial contour line identical with bottom surface 2, thereby upper and lower building block is fitted when forming body of wall.

Building block has such shape and size, thereby when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge 6 of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion 7 of building block topmost.Here said footing portion refers to the middle ridge to be the building block both sides lowest part separately on boundary.Middle ridge with building block is that the boundary is divided into both sides, and the footing portion 7 of a side of building block is the lowest part of this side; When lowest part was face in the bottom surface, footing portion 7 was in this lowest surfaces and end face or the horizontal junction of joint face 8 or transverse side 12.

The bottom of support slopes has shoulder 9, shoulder 9 comprises upper table surface 10, platform bottom surface 11 and transverse side 12, upper table surface 10 constitutes end face with upper ramps 5 and middle ridge, the jut that the slope of end face 1 both sides constitutes when building by laying bricks or stones and the loudspeaker recess of building block bottom surface, upper strata 2 bond; Can be one-sidedly to have shoulder or bilateral has shoulder.

Shoulder 9 can be such shape: the footing portion 13 of the platform bottom surface of the shoulder of homonymy 11 and building block at grade, the upper table surface 10 of homonymy shoulder is parallel with platform bottom surface 11.

The transverse side 12 of the both sides shoulder 9 of building block can be parallel to each other and be vertical with horizontal plane.

The top of the longitudinal ridge 6 of building block is one of following form: 1. pointed shape; 2. mesa-shaped; 3. bent arc.

Building block can be to be that the center becomes bilateral symmetry with middle ridge 6, is the center bilateral symmetry with the middle ridge, is not identical for the left and right sides on the pure geometry, but various building block all is the identical bilateral symmetry of principal character at center with the middle ridge.

The support slopes of building block can steppedly be arranged, and also can steppedly arranging with respect to the position of bottom surface 2 helps increasing bearing surface.

The support slopes of building block is corrugated, and the loudspeaker recess of its bottom surface also can be corrugated, helps hanging when mortar is built by laying bricks or stones.

The end face of building block is rough-shape, and its bottom surface is also rough-shape; Or the upper table surface of building block is rough-shape, and its corresponding platform bottom surface is rough-shape.Vertical bonding strength that being provided with of coarse shape can strengthen between the building block, the cracking resistance effect is arranged.

The support slopes of building block is provided with vertical water conservancy diversion raised line 14.

Add radiation proof board 15 on the end face of building block, the radiation proof board of adjacent block is vertically overlapping mutually from beginning to end when building block forms body of wall.Desirable radiation proof effect is that the radiation proof building block possesses following size: when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion of building block topmost.

Building block inside is provided with hole 16, can offer various holes, as vertical core, vertical hole; Can be more than one; Can adopt rectangle or circular and other shape; Also can be through hole or blind hole; Can be used for weight reduction or fill in heat preserving and insulating material or the purling concrete, also can be used for pipeline passway.

Building block is provided with opening 17, and opening generally is used to lay pipeline; Opening selects rectangle, U-shaped structure usually, can be provided with one or more according to function needs difference; The vertical openings of its end face also has the end face that makes adjacent block when building by laying bricks or stones the chain purposes of bonding mutually, can prolong the path that leaks; Transverse opening at end face also is used for connector being installed when building by laying bricks or stones, masonry firmly being connected with frame construction.

Be provided with secondary shoulder 18 on the transverse side 12 of shoulder 9 again.Secondary shoulder can be located at one or both sides, can be provided with a plurality ofly, also can be different height, width, length.

The transverse side 12 of shoulder 9 is provided with insulation layer 19.

The transverse side 12 of the shoulder of building block is that whole building block is vertical arc on the whole from an end face to another end face around vertical arcwall face of the vertical central axis camber of a side, forms the arc building block, generally is used to form curved wall.

Building block is vertical arc from an end face to another end face on the whole, transverse side is the vertical arcwall face around the vertical central axis camber of a side, and building block also is vertical arc from the bottom surface to the end face, transverse side 12 is vertical arcwall face, form the building block of spherical crown shape, generally be used to form the body of wall of sphere, dome-shaped, hyperboloid and so on.

The structure of additional building block 24 is: the bottom surface of additional building block 24 and the end face 1 of building block are bonded, and the top of the end face of additional building block and the ridge of building block at grade.Additional building block generally is used for the top body of wall of floor.

The structure that engages additional building block 25 is: engage additional building block 25 and be made of with the building block one additional building block 24.Engage the top body of wall that additional building block generally also is used for floor.

The structure of auxiliary block of concrete 26 is: bond in the end face of auxiliary block of concrete 26 and the bottom surface of building block, the footing portion 7 of the bottom surface of auxiliary block of concrete and building block at grade, auxiliary block of concrete generally is used for the bottom body of wall of floor.

The structure that engages auxiliary block 27 is: engage auxiliary block of concrete 27 and be made of auxiliary block of concrete 26 and building block one, engage the bottom body of wall that auxiliary block generally also is used for floor.

The structure that is used for the crossing building block of body of wall intersection is: intersect building block and be made up of three described building blocks, two building blocks vertically are connected with the both sides of another building block are interlaced respectively relatively, can tilt to interlock or the vertical interlaced connection, vertical interlaced be cross when connecting.Crossing building block can be common to the intersection of two face walls or three face walls or four sides wall.

The structure of quoin is: quoin is made up of two described building blocks, and a described building block vertically is connected with a top-cross of another building block is wrong.Quoin can be L-shaped, is used for the intersection of two face walls; Quoin also can be T-shaped, is used for the intersection of three face walls.

The structure of the body of wall that forms with building block of the present invention is: body of wall comprises the wall layer that described building block is vertically joined and formed, and wall is stacked layer by layer to be put, interlaced layout between the building block of adjacent wall layer.The concrete post of body of wall is provided with overhanging 28, comprise end face, bottom surface and two end faces for overhanging 28, an end face of overhanging engages with the concrete post, another end face of overhanging engages with described building block, overhanging end face cooperates with the bottom surface of upper strata building block, and overhanging bottom surface cooperates with the end face of lower floor's building block; A plurality of described overhanging is spaced in order on the concrete post, can engages with the stacked building block of the dislocation adjacent with the concrete post.

Building block of the present invention forms the multiple use of body of wall: building block is in the application of the construction wall of building leakproof by laying bricks or stones.The construction wall of described leakproof is one of following: 1. building construction body of wall; 2. tunnel lining body of wall; 3. subway body of wall; 4. wave wall; 5. mine wall body of wall; 6. underground building body of wall.Described building block is used for building by laying bricks or stones the permeable construction wall that stays soil.Permeable to stay the construction wall of soil be one of following: 1. retaining wall; 2. dyke; 3. embankment; 4. rivers seashore; 5. refute bank; 6. earth and rockfill dam; 7. bank protection; 8. check dam; 9. the underground storehouse of catchmenting; 10. the cofferdam of building up fields.When described building block is the long plate shape building block, the long plate shape building block can be used for forming the seal structure layer of pitched roof.Described building block also can be applicable to building by laying bricks or stones of ground, as the application in building bridge deck structure layer or earth construction by laying bricks or stones.

Figure 14, Figure 15 are the basic block diagram of building block of the present invention, the cross section of building block is bell mouth shape down on the whole, building block comprises end face 1, bottom surface 2 and two end faces 3, end face 1 has middle ridge 6, and both sides are low, forms left support slopes 4, right support slopes 4, the top of its middle ridge 6 is pointed shape, the top of bottom surface 2 also is pointed shape, and the plane of its both sides, bottom surface is a horizontal plane, and its footing portion 7 is in end face and joint, bottom surface; Figure 15 is the building block that has horizontal joint face 8, and its footing portion 7 is in horizontal joint face and joint, bottom surface.

Figure 16 is to be the building block of having of base shape of one-sided shoulder 9 with Figure 15, shoulder comprises upper table surface 10, platform bottom surface 11, transverse side 12, upper table surface 10 constitutes end face with upper ramps 5 and middle ridge, the jut that the slope of middle ridge both sides constitutes when building by laying bricks or stones and the loudspeaker recess of bottom surface 2 bond, the top of the middle ridge 6 of this building block is pointed shape.

Figure 17 is the building block that has bilateral shoulder 9 on basis shown in Figure 15, the width of bilateral shoulder, highly can have nothing in common with each other.The platform bottom surface is a horizontal plane, and its footing portion 7 is in transverse side and joint, bottom surface.Shoulder helps carrying.

Figure 18, Figure 19, Figure 20 are that the top of middle ridge 6 is mesa-shaped, and the top of bottom surface 2 also is the building block of mesa-shaped.Building block shown in Figure 180 does not have shoulder; Building block shown in Figure 19 has one-sided shoulder 9; Building block shown in Figure 20 has bilateral shoulder 9.

Figure 21, Figure 22, Figure 23 are that the top of middle ridge 6 is bent arc, and the top, bottom surface also is the building block of bent arc.Building block shown in Figure 21 does not have shoulder; Building block shown in Figure 22 has one-sided shoulder; Building block shown in Figure 23 has the bilateral shoulder.

Middle ridge 6 is the building block of pointed shape, its wedge angle cracky; The top of middle ridge 6 is the building block of mesa-shaped or bent arc or other shape, and its middle ridge is cracky, anti-carrying not; And, Figure 18, building block shown in Figure 21, its mild middle ridge also helps carrying.

The horizontal joint face of each above-mentioned building block or transverse side is parallel to each other and vertical with horizontal plane.Figure 24, Figure 25, Figure 26, Figure 27, horizontal joint face shown in Figure 28 or the transverse side of shoulder not all are vertical planes.Building block shown in Figure 24 is that the center becomes bilateral symmetry with the middle ridge, and the horizontal joint face in the left side of building block is a vertical plane, and the horizontal joint face on the right side of building block is the inclined plane.Building block shown in Figure 25 is that the center becomes bilateral symmetry with the middle ridge, and two horizontal joint faces of building block all are the inclined planes.Building block shown in Figure 26 has one-sided shoulder, and the horizontal joint face in the right side of building block is the inclined plane, and the transverse side of left side shoulder also is the inclined plane.The transverse side of building block both sides shoulder shown in Figure 27 all is the inclined plane, and two transverse sides are parallel to each other.Building block shown in Figure 28 is on the basis of the building block of Figure 20, and the both sides shoulder is not contour, and the transverse side of both sides shoulder is vertical with horizontal plane, and two transverse sides are parallel to each other.When horizontal joint face or transverse side formed the external surface of body of wall, laterally the variation of joint face or transverse side made body of wall have multiple aesthetic.

Building block shown in Figure 29 is on the basis of the building block of Figure 28, and the transverse side of both sides shoulder tilts, and two transverse sides are parallel to each other.The both sides of the formed body of wall of the highly inconsistent building block of side feet portion can have different functions.

Figure 30, building block shown in Figure 31, this building block is respectively equipped with chamfering 13 at the edge of the shoulder of both sides, and upper table surface, platform bottom surface and transverse side junction are provided with vertical chamfering 13, and end face and transverse side junction are provided with vertical chamfering 13.Figure 30 is provided with chamfering with building block basis shown in Figure 20; Figure 31 is based on building block shown in Figure 30, and the upper table surface of two shoulders of this building block and platform bottom surface all are skewed, and the normal conditions of inclination are low more near transverse side more.

Be provided with the body of wall of the building block formation of vertical chamfering, its vertical chamfering is beneficial to batch grey hanging when whitewashing.Be provided with the decorative blck of vertical chamfering, vertical chamfering, its vertical chamfering, vertical chamfering have decorative effect.Its vertical chamfering, vertical chamfering also have further effect, the body of wall of decorative blck, especially laid dry body of wall, owing to the building block error, build error by laying bricks or stones, build by laying bricks or stones the seam place adjacent block transverse side often not necessarily on same plane, influence is attractive in appearance, vertically chamfering, vertical chamfering can produce visual illusion and alleviate not in conplane sensation.

Figure 32, Figure 34 are the masonry construction figure of the support slopes building block that is the stepped arrangement of profile of tooth.Building block among Figure 32 is that the top that support slopes is the stepped arrangement of profile of tooth, bottom surface is the building block of mesa-shaped.Figure 34 is that support slopes is the building block that the stepped arrangement of profile of tooth, bottom surface also are the stepped arrangement of profile of tooth.From Figure 32, Figure 34 as seen, the left and right support slopes of building block end face has at least the partial contour line identical with the bottom surface, thereby upper and lower building block is fitted when forming body of wall, has more joint place with building block shown in Figure 34.

Figure 33, Figure 35 are the block structure figure that support slopes is the stepped arrangement of bent arc.Figure 33 is that the top that support slopes is the stepped arrangement of bent arc, bottom surface is the building block of bent arc.Figure 35 is that support slopes is the building block that the stepped arrangement of bent arc, bottom surface also are the stepped arrangement of bent arc.

Support slopes is stepped, helps the carrying of support slopes.

Figure 36, Figure 37 are the block structure figure that top that support slopes is profile of tooth corrugated, bottom surface is mesa-shaped.Building block shown in Figure 36 does not have shoulder.Building block shown in Figure 37 has one-sided shoulder.Building block shown in Figure 38 has the bilateral shoulder, and upper ramps is the profile of tooth corrugated.

Figure 39, Figure 40 are the block structure figure that loudspeaker recess that support slopes is profile of tooth corrugated, bottom surface is the profile of tooth corrugated.Building block shown in Figure 39 does not have shoulder.Building block shown in Figure 40 has one-sided shoulder.Building block shown in Figure 41 has the bilateral shoulder, and upper ramps is the profile of tooth corrugated.

Figure 42, Figure 43 have the block structure figure that bilateral shoulder, slope are bent arc corrugated.The top, bottom surface of building block shown in Figure 42 is bent arc.The loudspeaker recess of the bottom surface of building block shown in Figure 43 is bent arc corrugated.

Figure 44, Figure 45 are the block structure figure that support slopes is provided with vertical little chase formula corrugated.Figure 44 is the building block based on Figure 15, and the striped on left support slopes 4, the right support slopes 4 is vertical little chase formula corrugated.Figure 45 is the building block based on Figure 16, and the striped on left support slopes 4, the right support slopes 4 is vertical little chase formula corrugated.Figure 46 is the building block based on Figure 17, and the striped on the slope is vertical little chase formula corrugated.

Support slopes is corrugated, hanging when helping mortar and building by laying bricks or stones.

Figure 47, Figure 48, Figure 49, Figure 50, Figure 51 are the upper table surface 10 of building block, the block structure figure of cracking resistance line that platform bottom surface 11 is provided with coarse shape.Figure 47 is the building block based on Figure 17, is provided with the cracking resistance striped of horizontal coarse shape on upper table surface, platform bottom surface.Figure 48 is the another kind of building block based on Figure 20, is provided with the cracking resistance line of horizontal coarse shape on upper table surface, platform bottom surface, and the cracking resistance striped of its horizontal coarse shape is less than transverse side.Figure 49 is the building block based on Figure 20, is provided with the cracking resistance striped of another kind of horizontal coarse shape on upper table surface, platform bottom surface.Figure 50 is the building block based on Figure 49, and the cracking resistance striped of horizontal coarse shape does not extend to the shoulder transverse side.Figure 51 is the building block based on Figure 20, is provided with the cracking resistance point line to coarse shape on upper table surface, platform bottom surface.The upper table surface of building block, the rough-shape shape in platform bottom surface can be varied, as the staggered reticulate pattern of rhombus etc.When discontinuous, can regard a line when the striped of horizontal coarse shape or the staggered reticulate pattern interval interrupt of rhombus as.When building by laying bricks or stones for laid dry or adhesive, the coarse shape cracking resistance line of the coarse shape cracking resistance line of upper table surface and platform bottom surface should be able to be built cooperation mutually by laying bricks or stones.When building by laying bricks or stones for mortar, it is the building block of burr that the effect of prestressed that coarse shape cracking resistance line is the building block of dimpled grain is better than coarse shape cracking resistance line, and the coarse shape cracking resistance line of upper table surface and the coarse shape cracking resistance line of platform bottom surface all should be concave type, there is no the shape that palpiform becomes to build by laying bricks or stones mutually cooperation.The purpose that coarse shape is set is to make bricklaying surface crude, increases the resistance of adjacent layer building block length travel, improves the anti-crack ability of body of wall.The coarse shape line of cracking resistance also can be located on the slope of end face, on the loudspeaker recess of bottom surface, help hanging.

Building block end face, bottom surface are not limited to forms such as corrugated, coarse shape, can also be other shapes.In order not influence draining, can not be arranged to cause the shape of ponding on the slope of lay special stress on building block end face.Figure 36, Figure 37, building block shown in Figure 38, the slope is smooth, the loudspeaker recess is the building block of corrugated, and under the laid dry situation, it is few to fit between slope and the loudspeaker recess, and the space is big therebetween, helps draining.

Figure 52 is the building block based on Figure 20, and the end on slope is provided with the vertical water conservancy diversion raised line 14 in end.The vertical water conservancy diversion raised line in this end has the effect that block water flows to end face.When the length of building block very in short-term, the building block that is provided with the vertical water conservancy diversion raised line in end has better dash leak preventing effect.

Figure 53 is the building block based on Figure 20, and the slope is provided with some vertical water conservancy diversion raised lines 14, and the dash leak preventing effect is better than the building block of Figure 52.

Building block shown in Figure 54, Figure 55 is the radiation proof building block.Figure 54 is that the end face in building block shown in Figure 21 is provided with radiation proof board 15.Figure 55 is the block structure figure that is provided with radiation proof board 15 on a side bearing slope 4 of building block shown in Figure 23.The radiation proof building block is used to build by laying bricks or stones the radiation proof body of wall.

Figure 56, Figure 57, Figure 58, Figure 59, Figure 60, Figure 61, Figure 62, Figure 63, Figure 64, Figure 65, Figure 66 are the building blocks that is provided with various holes 16.Figure 56 is the building block based on Figure 20, is provided with big vertical hole at end face 1.Figure 57 is the building block based on Figure 20, is provided with big vertical hole at both sides shoulder 9.Figure 58 is the building block based on Figure 20, and one side shoulder 9 is provided with little vertical hole.Figure 59 is the building block based on Figure 19, and one side shoulder 9 is provided with big vertical hole.Figure 60 is the building block based on Figure 17, and its both sides are provided with big vertically hole.Figure 61 is the building block based on Figure 20, and its one-sided shoulder 9 is provided with the big vertically blind hole of end sealing.Figure 62 is the building block based on Figure 20, and its one-sided shoulder 9 is provided with the big vertically blind hole of middle part sealing.Figure 63 is the building block based on Figure 20, is provided with some vertical apertures.Figure 64 is the building block based on Figure 18, is provided with some vertical apertures 16.Figure 65 is the building block based on Figure 18, is provided with vertical macropore.Figure 66 is the building block based on Figure 16, is provided with some vertical apertures.The through hole or the blind hole of varying number, different shape can be set in the one or both sides of building block, also can a side establish the hole, opposite side is established opening.But the effect weight reduction in hole or fill in heat preserving and insulating material or placing of concrete, through hole also can be used for pipeline passway.

Figure 67, Figure 68, Figure 69, Figure 70, Figure 71, Figure 72, Figure 73, Figure 74 are the building blocks that is provided with various openings 17.The opening 17 of end face is similar to tongue and groove.The quantity of opening 17, shape are not limited to illustrated type.

The end face 3 of Figure 67, Figure 68 is provided with vertical openings 17.Figure 67 is the building block based on Figure 20, and two end face is respectively equipped with the opening of groove and tognue type, and the opening of an end face has the opening of two inner concavities, another end face that two outer gibbosities should be arranged mutually.Figure 68 also is the building block based on Figure 17, and two end face is respectively equipped with opening, and the opening of an end face has the opening of an inner concavity, another end face that an outer gibbosity should be arranged mutually.The vertical openings of two end faces can be identical, also can be different.When the vertical openings of two end faces is identical, generally be that arbitrary vertical openings of a building block can be built cooperation by laying bricks or stones with the arbitrary vertical openings that is used to build by laying bricks or stones another building block that cooperates; When the vertical openings of two end faces not simultaneously, the vertical openings of general two end faces should be built matching relationship each other by laying bricks or stones.The effect of vertical openings has: be convenient to lay pipeline, prolongation is leaked the path and helped leakproof, and is chain mutually with the end face of layer adjacent block.

Figure 69, Figure 70, Figure 71, Figure 72 are provided with longitudinal opening 17 at end face.Figure 69 is the building block based on Figure 20, and the upper table surface 10 of its both sides shoulder 9 is provided with longitudinal opening.Figure 70 is the building block based on Figure 20, and the upper table surface 10 of its both sides shoulder 9 and two end faces 3 all are provided with opening.Figure 71 is the building block based on Figure 16, and the upper table surface 10 of one side shoulder 9 is provided with longitudinal opening.Figure 72 is the building block based on Figure 18, has longitudinal opening on its left support slopes 4.Longitudinal opening can be located at the one or both sides of building block, is U-shaped or other shape.The cross section of the longitudinal opening of Figure 72 building block from top to bottom should be by high and low in order to avoid ponding from left support slopes.Longitudinal opening generally is used to lay pipeline.

Figure 73, Figure 74 are the building blocks that the end is provided with transverse opening 17.Figure 73 is the building block based on Figure 17, and the horizontal U-shaped opening of one end connects left shoulder and right slope.Figure 74 is the building block based on Figure 17, and the horizontal U-shaped opening of one end connects the shoulder of a side and the loudspeaker recess of bottom surface.This horizontal U-shaped opening generally is used to install connector, also can other shaped aperture replace.

Figure 75 is a kind of schematic diagram of building by laying bricks or stones of building block, and this building block all is provided with secondary shoulder 18 based on Figure 17, its bilateral shoulder 9, and the upper table surface of secondary shoulder is lower than the upper table surface of shoulder, and the platform bottom surface of secondary shoulder and the platform bottom surface of shoulder are on same plane.The shoulder of this building block and secondary shoulder form a kind of decorative effect building the seam place by laying bricks or stones.The platform bottom surface of secondary shoulder also can be lower than the platform bottom surface of shoulder.Secondary shoulder can be located at one or both sides, can be provided with a plurality ofly, also can be different height, width, length.Also hole, opening can be set on the secondary shoulder.

Figure 76, Figure 77, Figure 78 are the building blocks that is provided with insulation layer 19.Figure 76 is the building block based on Figure 20, and its one-sided shoulder 9 has insulation layer.Figure 77 is the building block based on Figure 20, and its one-sided shoulder 9 has the sandwich thermal insulated layer of vertical dovetail slot type.Figure 78 is the building block based on Figure 20, and its one-sided shoulder 9 connects sandwich thermal insulated layer by vertical dovetail tongue-and-groove.One side of sandwich thermal insulated layer is connected with building block, and opposite side generally connects decorative cover or protective surface.Insulation layer can be various sheet materials with function of heat insulation such as polyphenyl plate.Insulation layer 19, and the decorative cover or the protective surface that are connected with insulation layer also can be seen secondary shoulder 18 as.

Figure 79, Figure 80, Figure 81 are the building blocks that is provided with different decorative covers 20, all have decorative cover on the transverse side 12 based on Figure 17, its one-sided shoulder 9.Decorative cover generally is located on the horizontal joint face, transverse side of the building block that forms surface of wall.Decorative cover can be shades of colour, various style.

Figure 82, Figure 83 are the building blocks that is provided with the sound-absorbing structure.Figure 82 is the building block based on Figure 20, and its one-sided shoulder 9 has sound-absorption hole 21 and sound-absorbing mouth 22, the sound-absorbing mouth transverse side, its opening towards with the transverse side out of plumb.Figure 83 is the building block based on Figure 20, and its one-sided shoulder 9 has another kind of sound-absorption hole 21 and sound-absorbing mouth 22, the sound-absorbing mouth at transverse side, its opening towards vertical with transverse side.Sound-absorption hole should make sound repeatedly reflect and consume at the inwall of sound-absorption hole as far as possible, and sound-absorbing mouth as often as possible enable voice enters sound-absorption hole, so the sound-absorbing mouth can establish more, and correspondingly sound-absorption hole also can be established more.

Figure 84, Figure 85 are the building blocks that is provided with greening hole 23.Figure 84 has the greening hole in the building block, its one-sided shoulder 9 based on Figure 20.Figure 85 is to have another kind of greening hole on Figure 20, its one-sided shoulder 9.The lower bottom part in greening hole is blind hole, has a water outlet duck eye.

Sound-absorbing structure, greening hole structure also can be seen secondary shoulder as.

Figure 86 is the building block based on Figure 17, and its transverse side 12 becomes vertical arcwall face for the vertical central axis around a side, and whole building block is vertical arc on the whole from an end face 3 to another end face 3, generally be used to build by laying bricks or stones curved wall.Figure 87 is the building block based on Figure 86, its from the bottom surface 2 to end face 1 be vertical arc, transverse side 12 is vertical arcwall face, is the spherical crown shape on the whole, generally is used to build by laying bricks or stones circular arch, sphere, bi-curved body of wall.

With the middle ridge is the center bilateral symmetry, be not identical for the left and right sides on the pure geometry, it is the identical bilateral symmetry of principal character at center that Figure 24, Figure 25, Figure 27, Figure 28, Figure 29, Figure 55, Figure 58, Figure 61, Figure 62, Figure 72, Figure 73, Figure 74, Figure 76, Figure 77, Figure 78, Figure 79, Figure 80, Figure 81, Figure 82, Figure 83, Figure 84, Figure 85, Figure 86, Figure 87 etc. are with the middle ridge.

Longitudinal profile, be not that Figure 52, Figure 53, Figure 56, Figure 57, Figure 58, Figure 59, Figure 61, Figure 62, Figure 67, Figure 68, Figure 70, Figure 73, Figure 74, Figure 82, Figure 83, Figure 84, Figure 85 etc. are the longitudinal profile with identical principal character for the cross section on the pure geometry is all identical.

Figure 88, Figure 89, Figure 90, Figure 91 are that additional building block 24, auxiliary block of concrete 26 cooperate the relation of building by laying bricks or stones with building block.Figure 88 is additional building block, auxiliary block of concrete and the three-dimensional exploded view of building block shown in Figure 17, and Figure 89 adds the structural representation that building block, auxiliary block of concrete cooperate with building block shown in Figure 17.Figure 90 structural representation that to be additional building block, auxiliary block of concrete cooperate with building block shown in Figure 15.Figure 91 structural representation that to be additional building block, auxiliary block of concrete cooperate with building block shown in Figure 16.The bottom surface of additional building block and the end face of building block are bonded, and the top of the ridge of its end face and building block at grade.Bond in the end face of auxiliary block of concrete and the bottom surface of building block, the footing portion of its bottom surface and building block at grade.

Figure 92, Figure 93, Figure 94 are that the additional building block 25 of joint, joint auxiliary block of concrete 27 cooperate the relation of building by laying bricks or stones with building block.Figure 92 engages additional building block 25, engages the structural representation that auxiliary block of concrete 27 cooperates with building block shown in Figure 17.Figure 93 engages additional building block 25, engages the structural representation that auxiliary block of concrete 27 cooperates with building block shown in Figure 15.Figure 94 engages additional building block 25, engages the structural representation that auxiliary block of concrete 27 cooperates with building block shown in Figure 16.Engaging additional building block is the building block that additional building block and described building block are combined as a whole, and engaging auxiliary block of concrete is the building block that auxiliary block of concrete and described building block are combined as a whole.

Additional building block, the additional building block of joint generally are used for the top body of wall of floor.Auxiliary block of concrete, joint auxiliary block generally also are used for the bottom body of wall of floor.

Figure 95, Figure 96 are the building blocks that is used for the body of wall intersection.Figure 95 is that cross intersects building block, and wherein the mutual handing-over in the both sides of each end of two building blocks and another building block is integral, and each end face of preceding two building blocks overlaps on same plane with two sides of another building block respectively.Figure 96 is that another kind of cross intersects, and wherein end face of each of two building blocks stretches out in the side of another building block.Crossing building block can be common to the body of wall intersection of two face walls, three face walls, four sides wall.

Figure 97, Figure 98, Figure 99, Figure 100 are quoins.Figure 97 is L shaped quoin structure chart, and wherein the mutual handing-over of a side of the end of a building block and another building block is integral, and an end face of previous building block overlaps on same plane with a side of another building block.Figure 98 is another kind of L shaped quoin, and wherein the end face of a building block stretches out the side of another building block.Figure 99 is T-shaped quoin structure chart, and wherein the mutual handing-over of a side of the end of a building block and another building block is integral, and an end face of previous building block overlaps on same plane with a side of another building block.Figure 100 is another kind of T-shaped quoin structure chart, and wherein the end face of a building block stretches out the side of another building block.L shaped quoin is used for the corner wall that two face walls intersect, and T-shaped quoin is used for the T-shaped wall that three face walls intersect.

Intersect the use of building block, quoin, help improving integrality of wall, shock resistance, help comprehensive leakproof or the permeable soil that stays.

Figure 101 is the body of wall that becomes with concrete block masonry of the present invention, and described building block, additional building block 24, auxiliary block of concrete 26 are arranged in the body of wall.Figure 102 is the another kind of body of wall that becomes with concrete block masonry of the present invention, and body of wall has described building block, engages auxiliary block of concrete 27, T-shaped quoin, is provided with overhanging 28 concrete post.Figure 103 is a kind of sectional drawing of the body of wall shown in Figure 101, and the bottom is provided with auxiliary block of concrete 26.Figure 104 is a kind of sectional drawing of the body of wall shown in Figure 102, and the bottom is provided with and engages auxiliary block of concrete 27.The continuous dislocation of several similar building blocks is stacked in the wall, last facing block and adjacent below similar building block stacked, the left and right support slopes of the end face of following facing block contacts with the bottom surface of last facing block, thereby with two building block lockings, stoped relative laterally moving, chain mutually, firm stable.

Building the process of seam leakproof by laying bricks or stones can see from Figure 101, Figure 102, Figure 103, Figure 104: when the body of wall either side has water, arrow shown in Figure 102 is represented flowing water, if the water desire from the masonry transverse joint deeply, then be blocked in the both sides of support slopes, thereby play the transverse joint leakproof effect of building by laying bricks or stones by the building block support slopes; If the water desire from the masonry perps deeply, water inwardly flows downwards because of action of gravity, and is blocked in the both sides of support slopes by the support slopes of following one deck building block of the formed perps of this layer building block, thereby plays the perps leakproof effect of building by laying bricks or stones.The space-time that leaks trajectory has certain rule, is generally downwards inwardly form.Find out from Figure 103, when three layers of building block stacked, the footing portion 7 of last layer building block is generally the peak of leakproof, leak and inwardly flow downwards from footing portion 7, the spine 6 of the support slopes of basecoat building block is higher than in the space-time trajectory of leaking when arriving of leaking, cuts off inwardly flowing of leaking, and is stopped by the support slopes of basecoat building block and water conservancy diversion and discharge body of wall.Contrast the analysis of aforesaid table 1 with Figure 103 again, the vertical distance Sy of spine 6 and footing portion 7 is during less than 4.7cm, can leakproof when strong gale; The vertical distance Sy of spine 6 and footing portion 7 can leakproof when storm during less than 3.5cm.Situation is very complicated though leak, and anyway complicated, all follow this rule: vertical distance Sy reduces gradually, and the leakproof ability increases gradually.After vertical distance Sy is less than zero, has desirable leak preventing effect, also promptly: when described building block has such shape and size, thereby when three similar building blocks are stacked up and down, when the ridge 6 of bottom building block is higher than the footing portion 7 of building block topmost, the water of body of wall either side always is supported the slope and keeps off go back to the same side, can not leak to opposite side from building transverse joint or perps by laying bricks or stones deeply.

Be provided with the building block analysis of end face vertical openings 17 again in conjunction with Figure 67, Figure 68, Figure 70 with Figure 103, vertical openings has prolonged water flows to ridge 6 from the footing portion 7 of surface of wall route, the inside flowing time of water in inwardly flowing downwards is extended, thereby the space-time trajectory of will leaking descended lowlyer before near ridge 6, help reducing ridge 6 and build the height of bottom surface, thereby help to reduce the height of support slopes and the corresponding size of bottom surface, leakproof is played beneficial effect.When vertical distance Sy greater than zero, under same cases such as vertical distance Sy, meteorology, the leak preventing effect of establishing the body of wall that the building block of vertical openings builds by laying bricks or stones is better than the body of wall that the building block of not establishing vertical openings is built by laying bricks or stones.

Can find that from Figure 101 use additional building block 24, auxiliary block of concrete 26 to cooperate when building by laying bricks or stones in the body of wall intersection, the perps place that the thick line among Figure 101 indicates also can leak, leakproof is perfect not enough.

Body of wall shown in Figure 102 has used T-shaped quoin in the T-shaped intersection of body of wall, can find, T-shaped quoin has ideally solved the seam leakproof problem of building by laying bricks or stones of this body of wall T-shaped intersection.In like manner, use L shaped quoin can ideally solve the seam leakproof problem of building by laying bricks or stones of two face wall corners; Use and intersect the seam leakproof problem of building by laying bricks or stones that building block can ideally solve the body of wall intersection of two face walls or three face walls or four sides wall.Find out also from Figure 102, intersect building block, deliver the use of building block that the body of wall that makes the intersection and whole body of wall be chain to be one, raising integrality of wall, stability.

Body of wall shown in Figure 101, Figure 102 can grout mode with cement mortar, composite mortar etc., can use sticking block modes such as chemical adhesive, binder, grout or sticking block can be abound with all build by laying bricks or stones the seam or only be distributed in shoulder or only be distributed in support slopes; Also can grout, the sticking block and be used in the block mode, directly staggered stacked between the building block, wait bonding without cement mortar, composite mortar, adhesive, binder.Laid dry mode, especially support slopes are the laid dry mode, and the seam of building by laying bricks or stones of its body of wall is an air layer, more helps the leakproof draining.The permeable perps place that builds seam, particularly blockhouse by laying bricks or stones of the body of wall of soil of staying will leave the water-permeable passage that connects the body of wall two sides, the body of wall of laid dry mode, especially end face and bottom surface are the formed laid dry body of wall of the building block of coarse shape, and it is built seam by laying bricks or stones and more helps the permeable soil that stays.

Be provided with overhanging 28 on the concrete post in the body of wall shown in Figure 102, overhanging comprises end face, bottom surface and two end faces, can also comprise shoulder.An end face of overhanging engages with the concrete post, and another end face of overhanging engages with described building block, and overhanging end face cooperates with the bottom surface of upper strata building block, and overhanging bottom surface cooperates with the end face of lower floor's building block; A plurality of overhanging is spaced on the concrete post in order, a plurality of overhanging and the dislocation stacked building blocks adjacent with the concrete post engage, the protuberance of blockwork layer is built the room into overhanging block gap, overhanging recess that enters the blockwork layer, the concrete post is combined closely with the blockwork layer by overhanging, perfection has solved the leakproof problem between concrete post and the blockwork layer, and chain be one, improve integrality of wall, stability.Overhanging length is generally less than the building block total length.The pillar of frame construction generally precasts overhanging when pouring concrete; Also can overhanging that make be installed on the pillar, when installing overhanging, must between pillar and overhanging, take the leakproof seal measure, as being clipped in waterproofing materialss such as rubber, ointment, glass cements between pillar and overhanging.

Figure 105 is the schematic diagram of a kind of lateral force of the body of wall shown in Figure 102.When body of wall was subjected to lateral force, the slope trend of building block bottom surface was kept out by the ridge 6 of lower floor's building block, and ridge 6 is difficult to cross the thick line shown in Figure 105, thereby gets back to stable state; Have only when lateral force greatly when building block is ruptured, body of wall is just understood unstability.Therefore, compare with the body of wall that the mortar bonding force is only arranged, the resistance to capsizing of body of wall shown in Figure 105 improves greatly, and anti-seismic performance improves greatly.

Use the building block that one-sided shoulder shown in Figure 16 is arranged in the body of wall shown in Figure 106, no shoulder one side of this building block can form breach and be convenient to put and put floor.

Shown in Figure 107, Figure 108, Figure 109 is the body of wall generalized section that body of wall is connected with external frame by connector 29.Shown in Figure 107 in the body of wall, an end of this connector is installed in the building by laying bricks or stones in the seam an of side that middle ridge with building block is the boundary, and the other end is connected with external frame.In the body of wall shown in Figure 108, this connector one end span is installed in the both sides of building by laying bricks or stones in the seam more, and the other end is connected with external frame.In the body of wall shown in Figure 109, this connector one end is installed in the transverse opening 17 of building block, and the other end is connected with external frame.An end that is connected with body of wall of connector is bent into has the shape that can construct and cooperate with the end face of building block or bottom surface or transverse opening, the other end of connector can with articulate, method such as bolt, welding is connected with external frame.Connector can be steel, aluminium extruded sections etc.

The inside of the building block shown in Figure 110 is provided with reinforcing bar, can improve the intensity of body of wall.Also can add fibers such as steel, alloy, plastics in the material of production building block, reach the purpose of the intensity that improves body of wall.

The end face 1 of the outside of the building block shown in Figure 111, bottom surface 2, two sides 12 are provided with peripheral metal 30, and the inner placing of concrete of building block also is mainly the intensity that improves body of wall.

Shown in Figure 112 be provided with based on the horn-like thin plate 31 of the blocks shape of Figure 21 and shoulder in conjunction with building block.All shoulder can be set in one or both sides based on the horn-like thin plate of the blocks shape of Figure 21.The material of horn-like thin plate 31 can be the sheet material of energy leakproofs such as metal sheet, plastic plate.This horn-like thin plate in conjunction with building block is leakproof and chain, and shoulder is load-bearing, and function separately.When the material of horn-like thin plate is radiation proof boards such as stereotype, then can builds by laying bricks or stones and be the radiation proof body of wall, have same radiation proof effect with Figure 54, Figure 55.Radiation-resistant horn-like thin plate is vertically overlapping mutually from beginning to end when forming the radiation proof body of wall.

Figure 113, Figure 114 build mould building block, this building block middle part hollow out.Building block shown in Figure 113 is that two end faces have the shape identical with block end faces shown in Figure 20.Building block shown in Figure 114 is that an end face has the shape identical with the end face of building block shown in Figure 20, and the end face of another end face and bottom surface all are the planes.Building the mould building block generally builds and is used for pouring in the intersection of body of wall and is the stem stem wall.The effect of building the mould building block not only had been equivalent to construction formwork, but also had combined with blockwork.

Long plate shape building block shown in Figure 115, Figure 116 is to be provided with raised line 14 on the basis of Figure 14 or Figure 15 or Figure 24 or 25.Building block shown in Figure 115 is provided with water conservancy diversion raised line 14 in support slopes end and spine.Building block shown in Figure 116 is provided with the water conservancy diversion raised line in spine and support slopes two ends.The effect of water conservancy diversion raised line is identical with Figure 52, Figure 53.

Figure 117 a kind ofly builds the building block that cooperates by laying bricks or stones with Figure 116, and Figure 118 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of Figure 117.This building block on the basis of Figure 15, the top of its bottom surface is provided with the fovea superior 32 that matches with the water conservancy diversion raised line 14 of the building block shown in Figure 116.This building block is used to build the upper strata in the building block shown in Figure 116, covers two perps between the building block shown in Figure 116.

Figure 119 is a kind of body of wall that stem stem is arranged, and T-shaped wall, corner wall place have adopted the block mould building block shown in Figure 113, Figure 114 in this body of wall.Build in the mould building block and insert reinforcing bar or other rod member, penetration concrete improves strength of wall body.

Figure 120 is a kind of core body of wall, and this core body of wall adopts the building block that is similar to Figure 56 or Figure 57 that is provided with vertical through holes 16, can insert reinforcing bar or other rod member in the vertical through holes, and penetration concrete improves strength of wall body.Also can put into thermal insulation or sound insulation materials in the hole.

Figure 121, Figure 122 are the vertical greening bodies of wall.Figure 121 body of wall includes the greening building block shown in Figure 85, can plant flowers and plants in greening hole 23.Figure 122 body of wall include similar 56 or Figure 57 or Figure 69 shown in building block, adopt the building method widen perps 33, widen in the hole 16 of bottom of perps 33 or the opening 17 and can plant flowers and plants.

Figure 123 is the sloping core body of a kind of usefulness concrete block masonry shown in Figure 27.

Figure 124, Figure 125 are the radiation proof bodies of wall.Radiation proof body of wall shown in Figure 124 adopts the radiation proof building block shown in Figure 55.The radiation proof body of wall of Figure 125 adopts based on radiation proof building block Figure 55, that all be provided with radiation proof board on the support slopes of the left and right sides, has the better radiation proof function of radiation proof body of wall than Figure 124.When forming the radiation proof body of wall, the radiation proof board in the adjacent radiation proof building block is vertically overlapping mutually from beginning to end.Can also when masonry panel, radiation proof board be made the shape of building block end face, be laid in reference to said method and build by laying bricks or stones in the seam, thereby form the radiation proof body of wall.Also can adopt of the radiation proof building block of manufacture of materials such as radiation shield concrete, be used for building by laying bricks or stones and be the radiation proof body of wall for blocks shape of the present invention.When three similar radiation proof building blocks were stacked up and down, the footing portion that the ridge of bottom radiation proof building block is higher than the building block of radiation proof topmost built perps by laying bricks or stones during this situation and is not connected by straight line, has desirable radiation proof effect.

What the body of wall shown in Figure 126 adopted is the building block that vertical macropore is set on the basis of building block shown in Figure 15.

Figure 127 is the structural representation of cracking resistance body of wall, adopts the cracking resistance building block of Figure 47, coarse shape shown in Figure 49, and the cracking resistance line of coarse shape is a dimpled grain, needn't build cooperation by laying bricks or stones, builds by laying bricks or stones with mortar.Figure 128 is the partial enlarged drawing that the mortar of Figure 127 is built seam by laying bricks or stones.Can find out that from partial enlarged drawing the mortar between A, the B enters when building by laying bricks or stones in the coarse shape seam of building block, building block can be kept out by the mortar between A, the B if vertically dislocation is ftractureed, thereby the dislocation cracking is played restriction; Have only behind the mortar complete rupture between various A, the B, the building block cracking that just can misplace, therefore the setting of coarse shape has effect of prestressed preferably.Anticracking grout is adopted in suggestion, anticracking grout is to admix one or more silks, line, fiber and so in conventional cement mortar or composite mortar, as flax silk, paper muscle, plastics silk etc., have the tension more much bigger, shear strength, thereby improve the cracking resistance of cracking resistance body of wall greatly than ordinary mortar.If laid dry, the sticking body of building a wall, coarse shape line should be built cooperation by laying bricks or stones, and the coarse shape of cracking resistance building block platform bottom surface, upper strata should be built in the coarse shape of lower floor's cracking resistance building block upper table surface, and the coarse shape line of building cooperation by laying bricks or stones plays restriction to the dislocation cracking.

Body of wall shown in Figure 129 is a kind of board-like body of wall, includes the long plate shape building block similar to Figure 65 and is provided with overhanging 28 concrete post formation, also can regard the stereogram of Figure 126 as.The same Figure 102 of overhanging effect.

Need to prove that the size of aforesaid various building blocks can be bigger, become slab-type segment when length is big, be installed as board-like body of wall.The building block weight that size is big is big, can adopt machinery to install.

Body of wall shown in Figure 130 is a kind of board-like sloping core body, includes the long plate shape building block of Figure 115 and is provided with overhanging 28 concrete post.The structural principle of board-like sloping core body can be used for pitched roof, its concrete post that is provided with overhanging 28 can be considered roof girder, the long plate shape building block of Figure 115 can be considered roof panel, with reference to Figure 102 analysis, the roof panel of adjacent levels staggered stacked, in the end concavo-convex interval, protuberance is built the room into overhanging block gap, overhanging enters recess, roof girder is combined closely with roof panel by overhanging, perfection has solved the leakproof problem between roof girder and the roof panel, and chain be one, improve globality, the shock resistance of wall roofing.When the end of the stacked roof panel that interlocks is shelved on the body of wall or Liang Shangshi, the roof panel of the adjacent standard width of a room in an old-style house engages one another by the concavo-convex interval that its end forms, as the perps in the body of wall shown in Figure 102, leak preventing effect is with the body of wall shown in Figure 102 with the perps between the adjacent roof panel of layer.

Shown in Figure 131 is a kind of tunnel lining body of wall, adopts Figure 17, building block shown in Figure 26, is provided with connector 29, every anti-layer 34.The ground face of tunnel excavation will make to spray anchor usually, also has concrete sandwich between the blockwork that spray anchor layer and building block are built into usually, is located between Figure 17, the blockwork and concrete sandwich shown in Figure 26 every anti-layer.Every anti-layer cast-in-place concrete sandwich can not bondd with blockwork, form air layer 35 thereby make between anti-layer and blockwork.The effect of air layer is the environment of building for leaking shown in Figure 102 that leaks.Pass when leaking spray anchor layer and concrete sandwich the slit, flow to after between anti-layer and the blockwork, leaking in air layer 35 is stopped, follows the mode of leaking shown in Figure 102 by blockwork, the leakproof principle is also identical with Figure 102.For strengthening the intensity of tunnel lining, can couple together blockwork and concrete sandwich with connector 29, also can couple together blockwork and spray anchor layer, rock-soil layer with spray anchor pole class connector.The tunnel lining body of wall has the flexibility that adapts to distortion when adopting laid dry, deformation joint can be set, and does not also have constuction joint, therefore the problem of bringing of deformation joints such as sealing material is aging, strain cracking, constuction joint with regard to not had.The constructions such as hot spray fusing weldering of the sealing of prior art, lining cutting, waterproofing course are subjected to the influence of environment very big; And use concrete block masonry construction of the present invention, and be subjected to the influence of this environment very little, also have the advantage of under adverse circumstances such as severe cold, the many water of ground, constructing especially.Material every anti-layer can be malthoid, plastic sheeting, plastic plate etc., best and adjacent overlapping around anti-material every anti-material, the upper strata every anti-material laminate stay the layer every anti-material, needn't weld by hot spray fusing, there are not the hot spray fusing weldering of waterproofing course omission, the water-repellent paint of prior art to adhere to problems such as not firm yet, whether also needn't worry spray anchor layer, concrete sandwich can leak, and lower than the waterproofing course of prior art every anti-material cost, job practices is simpler greatly than the waterproofing course of prior art.This tunnel lining body of wall also has good chain overall performance.In a word, this tunnel lining body of wall helps simplifying working process, simplifies construction technology, reduces labour intensity, improves speed of application, reduction of erection time, reduction cost.

Figure 132 is a kind of body of wall that has air layer 35 towards structure one side, structure can be concrete wall or ground etc., can adopt the different building block of width, wide building block is near concrete wall or ground wall when building by laying bricks or stones, make between blockwork and concrete wall or the ground wall and form air layer, the same Figure 131 of the effect of air layer.

Body of wall shown in Figure 133 is provided with between blockwork and concrete wall or ground wall every anti-layer 34.Body of wall shown in Figure 134 is provided with connector 29, an end of connector and building block or build seam by laying bricks or stones and be connected, and the other end is connected with concrete wall or ground wall, by connector blockwork and concrete wall or ground wall is coupled together.Every the effect of anti-layer, connector with the body of wall shown in Figure 131.

The body of wall of Figure 132, Figure 133, Figure 134 can be used for buildings such as tunnel, subway, mine, tunnel, underground people's air defense, underground warehouse, solves its body of wall leakproof problem, and chain stable.If if the water that flows out or spray from the slit of concrete wall or ground wall, through concrete wall or ground wall or after the air layer between anti-layer 34 and the blockwork 35 arrives on the blockworks, always stopped and can not leak by the support slopes of the building block in the blockwork, and keep off back, suitable wall is drained downwards under action of gravity.Leakproof principle identical with shown in Figure 102.

Shown in Figure 135, Figure 136, Figure 137, Figure 138, Figure 139, Figure 140, Figure 141, Figure 142, Figure 143, Figure 144, Figure 145 is the purposes of building block at various barricade bodies, all has permeable soil and the chain stable beneficial effect of staying.The barricade body is used for retaining wall, dyke, refutes bank, riverbank, quaywall, bank protection, embankment, sea wall, cofferdam, earth and rockfill dam, groynes, jetty, closure dam, ground sills, check dam, the underground storehouse of catchmenting etc. are relevant architectural.One side of the barricade of Figure 135 is the soil body, is a kind of retaining wall body.The barricade of Figure 136 is widened in a side of the soil body, is another retaining wall body, and earth is pressed on the shoulder of widening, and increases the resistance to capsizing of body of wall with the deadweight of earth.The barricade of Figure 137 tilts according to the soil body, has adopted the building block based on Figure 17, Figure 26.One side of the barricade of Figure 138 near water, opposite side retaining soil, adopted building block based on Figure 14, Figure 18, be a kind of dyke body of wall, the building block planar portions of the bottom surface of side near water has the wave that disappears and acts on.Figure 139 is another kind of dyke body of wall, has adopted the building block based on Figure 26, and the shoulder of building block is in the soil body one side of backwater when building by laying bricks or stones, and the building block horizontal joint face of side near water has the wave effect that disappears.

The permeable soil that stays of analyzing Figure 135, Figure 136, Figure 137, Figure 138, Figure 139, Figure 140, Figure 141, Figure 142 in conjunction with Figure 101, Figure 102, Figure 103 acts on: when building by laying bricks or stones of body of wall stitched to laid dry or be provided with water-permeable passage, muddy water in the soil body arrives transverse joint and perps that the body of wall place enters body of wall, stopped by the support slopes of building block and assembles rising, and the water that only is higher than building block middle ridge 6 could overflow middle ridge and flow out body of wall; Muddy water is in assembling the process that raises, and the accumulation of mud in the water gets off.Middle ridge 6 is high more, and the spilling water effect is good more, and the permeable effect of soil of staying is also good more.Desirable permeablely stay native effect to be: building block has such shape and size, thereby when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge 6 of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion 7 of building block topmost.This situation is that the muddy water that enters perps also all is the permeable mode of overflow.Can become the spilling water passage because the everywhere of body of wall is built seam by laying bricks or stones, so the muddy water at the arbitrary place of arrival body of wall all is that long-pending rising foam goes out mode in the soil body nearby, draining is rapid, stays soil reliable.Because draining is rapid, the water pressure in the soil body reduces to such an extent that almost can ignore, and has improved the resistance to capsizing of body of wall greatly.Owing to stay soil reliable, the soil stabilization of body of wall back, be difficult to wash in a pan empty, improved the stabilizing power of body of wall greatly.And building block is staggered stacked, chain mutually, has improved integrality of wall greatly.And, can know also that from Figure 105 the effect of keeping out of middle ridge 6 has also improved the resistance to capsizing of body of wall greatly.Body of wall laid dry or unsaturated building by laying bricks or stones, body of wall has flexibility, adapts to sedimentation, deformation such as flexible, and constuction joint, deformation joint just needn't be set, and speeds up the work, reduces cost greatly, is particularly conducive to rush construction and rushes to repair.During practice of construction, can strengthen perps, both can reduce the building block consumption, also aesthetic arranged.When needs are further strengthened wall stability, can widen the body of wall bottom as Figure 136, also can adopt shown in Figure 102 concrete post, concrete wall, the concrete rib with overhanging to be set in body of wall, can also employing and Figure 107, Figure 109, the similar connector mode of Figure 134.In a word, above-mentioned barricade body helps improving permeable native effect, the antidetonation stayed and resists the ability of inclining, anti-washing in a pan to rinse ability, helps simplifying working process, simplifies construction technology, reduces labour intensity, improves speed of application, reduction of erection time, reduction cost.

Figure 140 is a kind of earth and rockfill dam body of wall, and the upstream dam facing has adopted the building block of Figure 17, and the downstream dam facing has adopted the building block of Figure 16, and the wave wall of dam crest has adopted the building block of Figure 17 and the building block of widening, and upstream dam facing, downstream dam facing are the barricade body, and wave wall is the leakproof body of wall.Building block dam facing in upstream is the permeable soil that stays, and the inboard of downstream building block dam facing is that permeable soil, the outside stayed leaks for anti-, protects the safety and stability of earth and rockfill dam effectively.The anti-effect of leaking in the downstream building block dam facing outside can be used for the flood discharge draining, broken through the forbidden zone that the building block dam facing can not the flood discharge draining.Its leak preventing effect is identical with Figure 102, and the permeable soil that stays is identical with Figure 135, Figure 136.Figure 140 also can be considered the generalized section of dyke, or the generalized section of embankment, or the generalized section of plank road in the water, and effect is identical.

Building block of the present invention is used to form when refuting bank, riverbank and so on body of wall, if build by laying bricks or stones just like widening perps 33 shown in Figure 122, this widens perps can allow the aquatic animal utilization, becomes ecological wall.The method for widening of this perps also can sharp Figure 56, Figure 57, similar ecological wall is built in building block shown in Figure 59, Figure 60, Figure 61, Figure 62, Figure 69, Figure 71 by laying bricks or stones.

Shown in Figure 141 is a kind of body of wall of the underground storehouse of catchmenting, and a side is in the storehouse, and opposite side retaining soil is also permeable, and the permeable principle of its retaining soil stays native principle identical with effect with the permeable of barricade such as above-mentioned Figure 135, Figure 136.The beneficial effect of this body of wall is: the everywhere of body of wall is built seam by laying bricks or stones can become water-permeable passage, so the underground water that arrives the arbitrary place of body of wall in the soil body can overflow nearby and into catchment in the storehouse, catchments rapidly; Because the everywhere all is the deposition spilling water, retaining soil is reliable, significantly reduces the mud content that enters the water in the storehouse, thereby significantly reduces the desilting sludge volume in the storehouse again.

Shown in Figure 142 is a kind of check dam body of wall, the permeable sediment trapping of upstream one side, and the basic role principle is identical with Figure 141.The everywhere of body of wall is built seam by laying bricks or stones can become water-permeable passage, so draining is rapid; Because each builds seam by laying bricks or stones can be the deposition spilling water, retaining is husky reliable again.When the building method of perps is widened in employing, more help permeable.In dry season, it is minimum that water level is dropped to, and is convenient to take long-pending husky.In order to strengthen the anti-water of body of wall towards ability, body of wall can be widened, or builds and to be double-deck, multilayer body of wall, or in the downstream supporter is set, body of wall is supported.Widen to such an extent that can be used for traffic, driving vehicle on the body of wall end face of broad; Can reach sand-digging machine at any time on the body of wall end face, thereby be convenient in time dig sand, thereby also be convenient to management permeable, that drain off floodwaters.

Shown in Figure 143 is a kind of cofferdam body of wall of building up fields, and has adopted the building block that the discrepancy in elevation is arranged shown in Figure 28, and a side of high shoulder is outside the weir, and a side of low shoulder is in the weir.The effect of the side in the weir is a water-deposited soil, and its basic principle, effect are identical with Figure 141, and draining is rapid, and long-pending soil is also faster than prior art.The shoulder height of the side outside the weir, the height of support slopes is less, and the height of support slopes is generally less than the height of shoulder, makes that some water of perps place is direct water inlet, does not have flooding process outside the weir, helps entering fast the water that contains soil.When the building method of perps is widened in employing, more help increasing enter contain soil water.

Body of wall shown in Figure 144, Figure 145 has taked to strengthen the measure of body of wall safety and stability.Body of wall shown in Figure 144 takes connector to strengthen the company of drawing of the body of wall and the soil body, and method of attachment can be with reference to Figure 107, Figure 108, Figure 109, Figure 131 etc.Body of wall shown in Figure 145 takes aperture plate sheet 36 to strengthen the company of drawing of the body of wall and the soil body, and an end of aperture plate sheet is connected with body of wall, and the other end is placed in the soil body.The method that the aperture plate sheet is connected with body of wall, or directly the aperture plate sheet is pressed to be stuck in and build by laying bricks or stones in the seam; Or the aperture plate sheet put on rod member, broach shape fastener, then with rod member, broach shape fastener in building seam by laying bricks or stones; Or adopt the building block that is provided with longitudinal opening, the rod member of putting on the aperture plate sheet, broach fastener are embedded in the longitudinal opening.The material of aperture plate sheet has geonet, plastic wire, wire lath, mesh grid etc.

Various bodies of wall shown in Figure 131 to 145 can adopt Figure 102 similarly to be provided with and have overhanging structure, to improve resistance to capsizing, shock resistance, the monolithic stability ability of body of wall.Above-mentioned body of wall, advantage such as all have easy construction, reduction of erection time, increase economic efficiency.

Shown in Figure 146 is the roofing top structure, and the superiors adopt the building block shown in Figure 117, are the building blocks shown in Figure 116 in its lower floor, and other is and Figure 24, Figure 25, the similar building block of Figure 115.The building block of the superiors covers the perps of its lower floor's building block fully.Long slab building block cross-pressure shown in Figure 116 is stacked on the roofing on both sides.To Figure 24, Figure 25, the similar stacked formation roofing of putting of building block layer of Figure 115, with reference to Figure 130, a side bearing domatic of building block becomes leakproof face, and the opposite side support slopes mainly play supporting role.The stacked width of the leakproof face that cross-pressure is stacked is big more, and the roof leakage effect is good more; Stacked width is more preferably greater than half of the slant height of support slopes.Desirable leak preventing effect is: when described building block has such shape and size, thereby when three similar building blocks are stacked up and down, when the ridge 6 of bottom building block is higher than the footing portion 7 of building block topmost, the water desire of roofing always is supported the slope and keeps off go back to the same side, can not leak to opposite side from building transverse joint or perps by laying bricks or stones deeply.The leakproof basic principle is identical with aforesaid leakproof body of wall.This leak-proof roof can form the stressed deck of energy load-bearing, is the root measure of controlling of leakproof, and construction is simple.

Shown in Figure 147 is the bridge deck structure layer that adopts building block shown in Figure 17 to form.Building block is staggered continuously from the bridge pier of two ends, and be abutted against mutually end face and the bottom surface of adjacent block by the shop, can laid dry, grout, glue block; When connecing by the shop, the building block of last column roughly is placed on the co-altitude, along continuous straight runs of building block, roughly at the co-altitude of building block, fill in between the building block, or adopts the cast-in-situ steel reinforced concrete pouring.Because building block intermeshes chain, the pawnshop finishes building finishes when removing bracing frame, and the decline displacement of adjacent block is because of checking and balance near consistent, and bridge floor is more smooth; And, also because the chain mutually approaching on the whole unanimity of the contact error that makes the adjacent block contact surface that pins down, the oneself adjusts very for a short time and is even, reduced the problem of unbalance stress between each contact surface greatly, thereby reduce to take place the probability of unstability collapse accident greatly, improve the safety and stability in building block bridge construction, the use greatly.Building block is generally stone or steel bar concrete piece.

Shown in Figure 148 is the earth construction that a kind of building block forms, and building block is by the shop, and the transverse side of one side is placed in the basic unit on ground, and the end face of adjacent block and bottom surface intermesh and pave, whole chain.When there was less depression in basic unit, whole chain effect can not sunk the building block of recess separately, and ground is relatively more smooth, helps alleviating jolting of vehicle '.Quick repairing, maintenance are convenient in this building block ground, reduce traffic impact.If one, two building block of maintenance only needs the building block that damages is smashed taking-up, poured into concrete.If ground has polylith to damage, then after the building block that taking-up damages, earlier directly by paving piece; When connecing by the shop, the building block of last column is placed in the basic unit, along continuous straight runs, fill in between the building block, or adopts the cast-in-situ steel reinforced concrete pouring.The method of cast-in-situ concrete is: become the shape of building block with enclosures such as malthoid or plastic foil or cardboards, become placing of concrete in the shape of building block at enclosure, thereby make cast-in-situ concrete all have the shape of building block, it is chain to intermesh.The place that this building block ground often is applicable to and needs repairing, changes, as container yard, heavy vehicle parking lot etc., the crossroad of the end of the bridge section of highway, zig zag, road etc.Zig zag section, caution slow-down place, airfield runway at highway need increase resistance of taxing, also very useful with this building block, vertical length direction of building block perpendicular to road, making between building block seam is also just perpendicular to the length direction of road, by the width of design control making seam and the discrepancy in elevation of making seam both sides building block, building block making seam will make vehicle ' produce jolting of can expecting, and reminds the driver to slow down; Building block making seam can provide resistance for the rolling of aero tyre, helps running take off or slides shutdown.Quick repairing, the rush construction of military airfield is convenient on this building block ground especially.In order to improve the durability on building block ground, the building block shown in similar Figure 111 or is used in the junction of building block side and end face, can the cornerite steel with the junction of upper table surface and platform bottom surface.Adopt decorative blck, its colorful one decorative cover forms the surface on ground, can be used for paving traffic marks such as zebra stripes, and is more durable through using than coating marker line.

Above-mentioned building block can be adopted various constructional materials productions, as: constructional materialss such as mud, clay, concrete, shale, haydite, plastics, resin, metal, composite material, waste and scraps such as coal ash cinder, gangue, metallurgical slag, slag, ettle, straw, rubbish, draw materials nearby, save cost, turn waste into wealth environmental protection.

Embodiment in above-mentioned accompanying drawing and the accompanying drawing can prove absolutely purpose of the present invention and beneficial effect.The concrete shape of building block of the present invention can also be different with accompanying drawing, but so long as technical scheme according to the invention all belongs to protection scope of the present invention.

Shown in Figure 149, Figure 150, Figure 151, Figure 152, Figure 154, Figure 155 is the mould of production building block.

Figure 149, Figure 150, Figure 151, Figure 152 are base bar formula moulds, and big small end is arranged.The big end of base bar formula mould is connected on the building block extruder, the outlet of the small end of base bar formula mould is the shape of cross section of building block, the interior sky of base bar formula mould holds the small end gradual change to dwindle from big, the material of production building block enters, continues to be extruded, has formed at last the base bar with building block shape of cross section from the big end of base bar formula mould when the outlet of small end is come out after pushing, form building block by the length cutting of setting again.Circular cone base bar formula mould shown in Figure 149 forms building block base bar shown in Figure 17.Frustum base bar formula mould shown in Figure 150 forms building block base bar shown in Figure 16.Frustum base bar formula mould shown in Figure 151 forms the building block base bar of Figure 15.Frustum base bar formula mould shown in Figure 152 is provided with imprinter 37, and imprinter is installed in outside the outlet of frustum base bar formula mould, makes imprinter can be close to building block base bar.

Shown in Figure 153 is imprinting wheel on the imprinter 37.The imprinting wheel is adjacent to building block base bar, rotates along with extruding of base bar, and protruding sign indicating number such as the word of imprinting wheel surface, pattern embeds building block base bar and print off the recessed sign indicating number of mirror image of protruding sign indicating number on building block base bar, and the recessed sign indicating number of its mirror image is the character code that design needs.Can print off coarse shape line in end face, bottom surface with the imprinting wheel, print off decorative pattern at transverse side, horizontal joint face.

Shown in Figure 154 is a kind of box mould, is divided into mold, moulding box and bed die.Bed die is tabular, places an end face 3 that can form building block under the moulding box; Moulding box is separated into many holes, and each hole can be used for forming a building block, can form end face 1, bottom surface 2 and transverse side 12 or the horizontal joint face 8 of building block around each hole; Mold is provided with the core rod that is used to form vertical hole 16, mold press to moulding box, core rod be pressed in the hole of moulding box and form building block another end face 3, and building block in vertical hole.

Shown in Figure 155 is another kind of box mould, is divided into mold, moulding box and bed die.Bed die is provided with shaggy block, places under the moulding box, can form the end face 1 of building block; Moulding box is separated into many holes, and each hole can be used for forming a building block, can form end face 3 and the transverse side 12 or the horizontal joint face 8 of building block around each hole; Mold is provided with another kind of shaggy block, and mold is the bottom surface 2 that forms building block pressing to that moulding box, its shaggy block are pressed in the hole of moulding box.

Claims (43)

1. building block that is used to form body of wall, several similar building blocks continuous stacked it is characterized in that of dislocation in described wall:

Described building block is a longitudinal profile, comprising:

End face, bottom surface and two end faces;

The cross section of described building block is bell mouth shape down on the whole;

Described end face has middle ridge, and both sides are low, forms left and right support slopes;

Described end face and bottom surface are such formation, when described building block and below the stacked formation body of wall of similar building block the time, the left and right support slopes of the end face of following facing block contacts with the bottom surface of described building block, thereby with two building block lockings, has stoped relative laterally moving.

2. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the left and right sides support slopes of described building block end face has at least the partial contour line identical with the bottom surface, thereby upper and lower building block is fitted when forming body of wall.

3. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described building block has such shape and size, thereby when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion of building block topmost.

4. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottom of described support slopes has shoulder, described shoulder comprises upper table surface, platform bottom surface and transverse side, described upper table surface and upper ramps and middle ridge constitute end face, when described building block and above the stacked formation body of wall of similar building block the time, the loudspeaker recess of jut that sloped sides constitutes and top similar building block bottom surface is bonded.

5. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the bottom of described support slopes has shoulder, described shoulder comprises upper table surface, platform bottom surface and transverse side, described upper table surface and upper ramps and middle ridge constitute end face, and the jut that sloped sides constitutes and the loudspeaker recess of bottom surface are bonded.

6. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described building block has such shape and size, thereby when three similar building blocks were stacked up and down, the ridge of bottom building block was higher than the footing portion of building block topmost.

7. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the platform bottom surface of the shoulder of homonymy and the footing portion of building block at grade, the upper table surface of homonymy shoulder is parallel with the platform bottom surface.

8. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the transverse side of described shoulder is parallel to each other and is vertical with horizontal plane.

9. as the described building block that is used to form body of wall of one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: the top of described middle ridge is one of following form: 1. pointed shape; 2. mesa-shaped; 3. bent arc.

10. as the described building block that is used to form body of wall of one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: described building block is that the center becomes bilateral symmetry with the middle ridge.

11. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: the stepped arrangement of described support slopes.

12. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that: the stepped arrangement in described bottom surface.

13. as the described building block that is used to form body of wall of one of claim 4～8, it is characterized in that: described slope is corrugated.

14. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that: build the corresponding loudspeaker recess that cooperates by laying bricks or stones with described slope and be corrugated.

15. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: the end face of described building block is rough-shape, described bottom surface is rough-shape.

16. as the described building block that is used to form body of wall of one of claim 4～8, it is characterized in that: the upper table surface of described shoulder is rough-shape, the platform bottom surface of described shoulder is rough-shape.

17. as the described building block that is used to form body of wall of one of claim 4～8, it is characterized in that: described support slopes is provided with vertical water conservancy diversion raised line.

18. as claim 3 or the 6 described building blocks that are used to form body of wall, it is characterized in that: add radiation proof board on the described end face, the radiation proof board of adjacent block is vertically overlapping mutually from beginning to end when described building block forms body of wall.

19. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: described building block inside is provided with the hole.

20. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that: described building block is provided with vertical hole.

21. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: described building block is provided with opening.

22. as the described building block that is used to form body of wall of one of claim 4～8, it is characterized in that: be provided with secondary shoulder on the transverse side of described shoulder again.

23. as the described building block that is used to form body of wall of one of claim 4～8, it is characterized in that: described transverse side is provided with insulation layer.

24. as the described building block that is used to form body of wall of one of claim 4～8, it is characterized in that: the transverse side of described shoulder is the vertical central axis camber face around a side, and whole building block is vertical arc from an end face to another end face on the whole.

25. the building block that is used to form body of wall as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that: described building block is vertical arc from the bottom surface to the end face, transverse side is vertical arc, and whole building block is the spherical crown shape.

26. one kind is used for the additional building block that cooperates with building block as described in one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: the bottom surface of described additional building block and the end face of building block are bonded, and the top of the end face of described additional building block and the ridge of described building block at grade.

27. a joint that is used for cooperating with building block as described in one of claim 1～8 adds building block, it is characterized in that: the additional building block of described joint is made of described additional building block and described building block one.

28. one kind is used for the auxiliary block of concrete that cooperates with building block as described in one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: bond in the end face of described auxiliary block of concrete and the bottom surface of building block, and the footing portion of described auxiliary block of concrete bottom surface and building block at grade.

29 1 kinds are used for the joint auxiliary block of concrete that cooperates with building block as described in one of claim 1～8, and it is characterized in that: described joint auxiliary block of concrete is made of described auxiliary block of concrete and described building block one.

30. crossing building block that is used for the body of wall intersection that cooperates with building block as described in one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: described crossing building block is made up of three described building blocks, and described two building blocks vertically relatively join mutually with the both sides of another building block respectively and are integral.

31. crossing building block as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that: described crossing building block is cross.

32. one kind is used for the quoin that cooperates with building block as described in one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: described quoin is made up of two described building blocks, a described building block vertically and a side of another building block join mutually and be integral.

33. quoin as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that: described quoin is L-shaped.

34. quoin as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that: described quoin is T-shaped.

35. a body of wall that forms with the described building block as one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: described body of wall comprises the wall layer that described building block is vertically joined and formed, and described wall is stacked layer by layer to be put, interlaced layout between the building block of adjacent wall layer.

36. body of wall as claimed in claim 35, it is characterized in that: be provided with the concrete post in the described body of wall, the concrete post of described body of wall is provided with overhanging, overhanging comprises end face, bottom surface and two end faces, a described overhanging end face engages with the concrete post, another described overhanging end face engages with described building block, and described overhanging end face cooperates with the bottom surface of upper strata building block, and described overhanging bottom surface cooperates with the end face of lower floor's building block; A plurality of overhanging is spaced on the concrete post in order, and described a plurality of overhanging and the dislocation stacked building blocks adjacent with the concrete post engage.

37. one kind as the described purposes that is used to form the building block of body of wall of one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: the application of described building block in building the construction wall of leakproof by laying bricks or stones.

38. the purposes that is used to form the building block of body of wall as claimed in claim 37 is characterized in that: the construction wall of described leakproof is one of following: 1. building construction body of wall; 2. tunnel lining body of wall; 3. subway body of wall; 4. wave wall; 5. mine wall body of wall; 6. underground building body of wall.

39. one kind as the described purposes that is used to form the building block of body of wall of one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: the application of described building block in building the permeable construction wall that stays soil by laying bricks or stones.

40. the purposes that is used to form the building block of body of wall as claimed in claim 39 is characterized in that: described permeable to stay the construction wall of soil be one of following: 1. retaining wall; 2. dyke; 3. embankment; 4. rivers seashore; 5. refute bank; 6. earth and rockfill dam; 7. bank protection; 8. check dam; 9. the underground storehouse of catchmenting; 10. the cofferdam of building up fields.

41. one kind with as the described purposes that is used to form the building block of body of wall of one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: described building block is the long plate shape building block, the application of described long plate shape building block in the seal structure layer that forms pitched roof.

42. one kind with as the described purposes that is used to form the building block of body of wall of one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: the application of described building block in building the bridge deck structure layer by laying bricks or stones.

43. one kind with as the described purposes that is used to form the building block of body of wall of one of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: the application of described building block in building earth construction by laying bricks or stones.

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