CN1691467A - Motor and its stator and rotor structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a motor and a stator and rotor structure thereof, wherein the rotor structure comprises a rotating shaft and a magnet, the magnet surrounds the rotating shaft, and the magnet is magnetized in the radial direction or the axial direction, the stator structure comprises a sleeve, a first ring positioned at one opening of the sleeve, and a second ring positioned at the other opening of the sleeve, the first ring is provided with N first convex parts, the N first convex parts are spaced from each other and extend out from the first ring in a coplanar manner, the second ring is provided with N second convex parts, the N second convex parts are spaced from each other and extend out from the second ring in a coplanar manner, and the position of each first convex part corresponds to the position of each second convex part. The motor of the present invention has a more compact structure and a more compact volume.

Description

Motor and its stator and rotor structure

technical field

The invention relates to a motor and its stator and rotor structure, in particular to a brushless DC motor and its stator and rotor structure.

Background technique

The stator of the traditional brushless DC motor is composed of several magnetic poles, and there is a hole in the center of the casing, in which each magnetic pole of the stator is made into a T shape, and the magnetic arms of each magnetic pole are wound with A strand of coil; stators and coils wound in this way are more expensive.

Please refer to U.S. Patent No. 4,987,331, which provides a known brushless DC motor with an improved stator. The stator is made of a base made of plastic material and a coil wound around the base. , two sets of magnetic pole plates, and a circuit board connected to one side of the substrate, wherein each set of magnetic pole plates constitutes a pair of magnetic poles fixed on two sides of the substrate, and the two sets of magnetic pole plates are staggered from each other by one magnetic pole position; The stator structure with a magnetic pole staggered makes the corresponding rotor magnets must be radially magnetized, and the magnetic fields of N and S are adjacent to each other.

This improved motor structure is quite different from the traditional technology. The rotor it includes is a radially magnetized magnetic strip. The N and S magnetism of the magnetic strip are arranged at intervals adjacent to each other. A bobbin of the coil and the group of magnetic pole plates magnetically connected to a metal shaft sleeve together constitute the stator, and the upper and lower magnetic pole plates are formed by stacking a plurality of magnetic pole plates. When the coil is energized to generate a magnetic field, with the assistance of the magnetic pole plate, a magnetic field is also generated on the metal sleeve, so that the rotor rotates around its rotating shaft. In addition, this stator can also be manufactured by using a single silicon steel in an integrated stamping manner.

However, the aforementioned known technologies still have the disadvantages of large motor size and low operating efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a new stator and rotor structure to improve the efficiency of the brushless DC motor.

A secondary object of the present invention is to provide a motor with a more compact structure and a smaller volume than the prior art.

According to the main purpose of the present invention, a rotor structure is provided, comprising: an outer cover having a shaft and a side wall surrounding and parallel to the shaft; and a magnet connected to the side wall and surrounding the shaft Rotating shaft, the magnet is radially magnetized.

According to the above idea, the outer cover is made of a magnetically permeable material.

According to the above idea, wherein the magnet can be divided into two parts by a plane perpendicular to the rotating shaft, each part includes a plurality of magnetic regions corresponding to each other, and each magnetic region has the opposite magnetism to the adjacent magnetic regions.

According to the above idea, the number of magnetic regions in each part of the magnet is 2N, where N is an integer greater than 1.

According to the above idea, the magnetic regions corresponding to each other in the vertical direction have opposite magnetic properties.

According to the main purpose of the present invention, a rotor structure is provided, comprising: an outer cover having a shaft and a side wall surrounding and parallel to the shaft; and a magnet connected to the side wall and surrounding the shaft Shaft, the magnet is axially magnetized.

According to the above idea, the outer cover can be made of a non-magnetic permeable material.

According to the above idea, the magnet includes several axial magnetic regions corresponding to each other, and one end of each axial magnetic region has a magnetic opposite to that of the other end.

According to the above idea, the number of the axial magnetic regions is 2N, where N is an integer greater than 1.

According to the above concept, one end of each of the axial magnetic domains has a magnetic opposite to that of the corresponding end of the adjacent magnetic domain.

According to the main purpose of the present invention, a stator structure is provided, including: a sleeve; a first ring, located at an opening of the sleeve, the first ring has N first protrusions, and the N first protrusions The feet are spaced apart from each other and extend coplanarly from the first ring; and a second ring is located at the other opening of the casing, the second ring has N second protrusions, and the N second protrusions are spaced apart from each other and extend coplanarly from the second ring; wherein, the position of each of the first protrusions corresponds to the position of each of the second protrusions, and N is an integer greater than 1.

According to the above idea, the sleeve is made of a magnetically permeable material.

According to the above idea, the first protrusion and the second protrusion are eccentric in the same direction.

According to the above idea, wherein the first ring and the first protrusion form an upper magnetic plate, the second ring and the second protrusion form a lower magnetic plate, and both the upper magnetic plate and the lower magnetic plate are made of M layer of silicon steel, and M is an integer greater than zero.

According to the above idea, the stator structure is made of a magnetically permeable material in an integrated manner.

According to the above idea, the magnetic permeability material is silicon steel.

According to a secondary object of the present invention, a motor is provided, comprising: a rotor structure including a rotating shaft and a magnet, the magnet surrounds the rotating shaft, and the magnet can be divided into two parts by a plane perpendicular to the rotating shaft, Each part includes 2N magnetic regions corresponding to each other, and each of the magnetic regions has the opposite magnetism to the adjacent magnetic regions, and the magnetic regions corresponding to each other in the vertical direction have opposite magnetism; a stator structure includes a sleeve, a A first ring, and a second ring, the first ring and the second ring are respectively located at an opening and another opening of the casing, and the first ring and the second ring also have N first a convex part and N second convex parts, the N first convex parts are spaced apart from each other and extend coplanarly from the first ring, and the N second convex parts are spaced apart from each other and coplanarly extend from the second ring out, and the position of each of the first protrusions is corresponding to the position of each of the second protrusions; and a coil wound on the sleeve; wherein, when the coil is energized to give the stator structure energy , each of the first protrusions has an opposite magnetism to each of the corresponding second protrusions due to induction, so that the rotor structure rotates around the rotating shaft, and N is an integer greater than 1.

According to the above idea, the sleeve is made of a magnetically permeable material.

According to the above idea, the first protrusion and the second protrusion are eccentric in the same direction.

According to the above idea, wherein the first ring and the first protrusion form an upper magnetic plate, the second ring and the second protrusion form a lower magnetic plate, and both the upper magnetic plate and the lower magnetic plate are made of M layer of silicon steel, and M is an integer greater than zero.

According to the above idea, the stator structure is made of a magnetically permeable material in an integrated manner.

According to the above idea, the magnetic permeability material is silicon steel.

According to a secondary object of the present invention, a motor is provided, comprising: a rotor structure including a shaft and a magnet, the magnet surrounds the shaft, and the magnet includes 2N axial magnetic regions corresponding to each other, each shaft One end of the magnetic zone has a magnetism opposite to the other end, and one end of each axial magnetic zone has a magnetism opposite to the corresponding end of the adjacent magnetic zone; a stator structure includes a sleeve, a first ring, and a The second ring, the first ring and the second ring are respectively located at one opening and the other opening of the casing, and the first ring and the second ring also have N first protrusions and N first protrusions respectively. Two protrusions, the N first protrusions are spaced apart from each other and extend coplanarly from the first ring, the N second protrusions are spaced apart from each other and coplanarly extend out from the second ring, and each of the The position of the first protrusion corresponds to the position of each of the second protrusions; and a coil wound on the sleeve; wherein, when the coil is energized to give energy to the stator structure, each of the first The protrusions have magnetic properties opposite to each corresponding second protrusion due to induction, so that the rotor structure rotates around the rotating shaft, and N is an integer greater than 1.

According to the above idea, the sleeve is made of a magnetically permeable material.

According to the above idea, the first protrusion and the second protrusion are eccentric in the same direction.

According to the above idea, wherein the first ring and the first protrusion form an upper magnetic plate, the second ring and the second protrusion form a lower magnetic plate, and both the upper magnetic plate and the lower magnetic plate are made of M layer of silicon steel, and M is an integer greater than zero.

According to the above idea, the stator structure is made of a magnetically permeable material in an integrated manner.

According to the above idea, the magnetic permeability material is silicon steel.

The present invention can be better understood through the following drawings and detailed description.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 (a) is the perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the rotor structure of the brushless DC motor of the present invention;

Fig. 1 (b) is the perspective view of the magnetite of radial magnetization of the present invention;

Fig. 1 (C) is the perspective view of the magnetite of axial magnetization of the present invention;

Fig. 2 (a) is the exploded view of the first preferred embodiment of the stator structure of the brushless DC motor of the present invention;

Fig. 2(b) is a perspective view of the stator structure of Fig. 2(a);

Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the brushless DC motor of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the upper view of the magnet and the magnetic pole plate of the brushless DC motor of the present invention;

Figure 5(a) and Figure 5(b) are schematic diagrams of the radially magnetized magnets of the brushless DC motor of the present invention and the eccentric magnetic pole plates in different directions;

Figure 6(a) and Figure 6(b) are schematic diagrams of the axially magnetized magnets of the brushless DC motor of the present invention and the eccentric magnetic pole plates in different directions;

Fig. 7 (a) is the sectional view of the motor matching Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 5 (b);

Fig. 7 (b) is the sectional view of the motor matching Fig. 6 (a) and Fig. 6 (b);

8 is a perspective view of a second preferred embodiment of the stator structure of the brushless DC motor of the present invention; and

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a third preferred embodiment of the stator structure of the brushless DC motor of the present invention.

Wherein, the reference signs are explained as follows:

1-rotor structure; 11-rotating shaft; 12-lower magnetic strip; 121-magnetic area; 13-upper magnetic strip;

131-magnetic area; 132-magnetic area; 14-outer cover; 15-magnet; 16-side wall;

17-magnet; 171-magnetic area; 172-magnetic area; 1711-one end; 1712-the other end;

1721-the other end; 1722-one end; 2-the upper magnetic plate; 21-the first convex part;

210-extended protrusion; 22-opening; 23-first ring; 3-insulating layer; 31-opening;

4-lower magnetic plate; 41-second convex part; 410-extending convex part; 42-opening; 43-second ring;

5-sleeve; 51-opening; 52-another opening; 6-coil; 7-circuit board;

8-stator seat; 81-base; 82-column.

Detailed ways

Please refer to Fig. 1 (a), which is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the rotor structure of the brushless DC motor of the present invention, wherein the rotor structure 1 is composed of an outer cover 14, a magnet 15, and a rotating shaft 11 , the outer cover 14 has a side wall 16 surrounding and parallel to the shaft 11 , and the magnet 15 surrounds the shaft 11 and is connected to the side wall 16 .

Please refer to Fig. 1 (b), which is a perspective view of the magnet 15 of Fig. 1 (a), wherein the magnet 15 is radially magnetized, and the magnet 15 can be divided into an upper magnetic strip 13 and a lower magnet by a plane perpendicular to the rotating shaft 11 The strip 12, the upper magnetic strip 13 and the lower magnetic strip 12 all comprise 8 corresponding magnetic regions, each magnetic region has an opposite magnetism to the adjacent magnetic regions, and the magnetic regions corresponding to each other in the vertical direction have opposite magnetic properties; for example, As shown in FIG. 1( b ), the magnetism of the magnetic domain 131 is opposite to that of the magnetic domains 132 and 121 . That is, if the magnetic properties of the magnetic domain 131 are N, the magnetic properties of the magnetic domains 132 and 121 are S.

Please refer to Fig. 1 (c), which is a perspective view of another magnet of the present invention, wherein the magnet 17 is axially magnetized, that is, in addition to the magnetization method of Fig. 1 (b), the magnet 17 can also be Magnetize in the same way as in Figure 1(c). The magnet 17 comprises eight corresponding axial magnetic regions, and the magnetism of one end 1711 of the magnetic region 171 is opposite to that of the one end 1712. In particular, one end of each axial magnetic region has an opposite direction to the corresponding end of the adjacent magnetic region. Magnetic; as shown in Figure 1 (c), if the magnetic of one end 1711 of magnetic region 171 is S, then the magnetic of the other end 1712 is N; The magnetism of one end 1722 of the magnetic region 172 adjacent to 171 is S, and the magnetism of the other end 1721 is N.

If the magnet is radially magnetized, the magnetic zone distribution is shown in Figure 1(b), that is, there are two magnetic strips 12 and 13; if the magnet is axially magnetized, the magnetic zone distribution is shown in Figure 1(c) As shown, that is to say, there is only one magnetic strip 17.

Please refer to Fig. 2 (a), it is the exploded view of the first preferred embodiment of the stator structure of the brushless DC motor of the present invention, wherein the stator structure is composed of an upper magnetic plate 2, a bushing 5, and a lower magnetic Composed of plates 4, the upper magnetic plate 2 has a first ring 23 and four first protrusions 21, the four first protrusions 21 are spaced from each other and coplanarly extend from the first ring 23, the upper magnetic plate 2 is The first ring 23 is connected to the sleeve 5 and positioned on an opening 51; similarly, the lower magnetic plate 4 has a second ring 43 and four second protrusions 41, and the four second protrusions 41 are spaced apart from each other. And coplanarly extending out from the second ring 43 , the lower magnetic plate 4 is connected with the sleeve 5 through the second ring 43 and located on another opening 52 .

What is more special is that in order to start the unidirectional brushless DC motor of the present invention smoothly, the first protrusion 21 and the second protrusion 41 of the stator structure must be eccentric in the same direction, the details of which will be discussed later.

As for the manufacturing material of the stator structure, the sleeve 5 can be made of a magnetically permeable material, and the stator structure can be integrally made of a magnetically permeable material (eg, silicon steel).

FIG. 2(b) is a three-dimensional view of the stator structure in FIG. 2(a). The position of each first protrusion 21 corresponds to the position of each second protrusion 41. In particular, in order to improve the performance of the generated magnetic moment, Both the upper magnetic plate 2 and the lower magnetic plate 4 can be formed by stacking several layers of silicon steel.

It should be noted that, for the radially magnetized magnet 15, the number of magnetic regions of the upper magnetic strip 13 or the lower magnetic strip 12 is twice the number of the first convex portion 21 or the second convex portion 41, that is, If the number of the first protrusions 21 or the second protrusions 41 is N, the number of magnetic regions of the upper magnetic strip 13 or the lower magnetic strip 12 is 2N, wherein N is an integer greater than 1.

In addition, for the axially magnetized magnet 17, the number of magnetic regions 171 is twice the number of the first convex portion 21 or the second convex portion 41, that is, if the first convex portion 21 or the second convex portion The number of parts 41 is N, and the number of magnetic regions 171 is also 2N, wherein N is an integer greater than 1.

Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is an exploded view of the brushless DC motor of the present invention. For the convenience of description, the rotor structure is illustrated with a radially magnetized magnet 15 .

The brushless DC motor in FIG. 3 is composed of a rotor structure 1 , an upper magnetic plate 2 , an insulating layer 3 , a lower magnetic plate 4 , a bushing 5 , a coil 6 , a circuit board 7 , and a stator base 8 .

The insulating layer 3 wrapped by the coil 6 can be made of plastic, and the insulating layer 3 also has an opening 31 for accommodating the bushing 5 therein to form the magnetic flux path required for the rotor structure 1 to rotate.

Secondly, the upper magnetic plate 2 and the lower magnetic plate 4 also respectively have openings 22 and 42 for the passage of the stator base 8. The upper magnetic plate 2 and the lower magnetic plate 4 are magnetically the same, that is, the two are axially aligned. Overlapping with each other, the stator base 8 made of non-magnetic materials includes a base 81 and a cylinder 82. The insulating layer 3 is sleeved on the first convex portion 21, the second convex portion 41, and the sleeve 5 to separate the coils. 6 and the stator structure, the stator seat 8 is a cylinder 82 passing through the center of the base and fixing the perforation of the circuit board 7, the opening 42, the sleeve 5 and the insulating layer 3, and the opening 22, and finally the cylinder 82 will accommodate the rotating shaft 11, The circuit board 7 may further include an electronic circuit for detecting and controlling a magnetic field generated by the stator structure.

Fig. 4 is the upper view of the magnet and the magnetic pole plate of the brushless DC motor of the present invention, between the upper magnetic plate 2 and the upper magnetic strip 13 is an air chamber, and the four first protrusions 21 of the upper magnetic plate 2 are all Pointing to the upper magnetic strip 13 which has the same magnetic properties. As mentioned above, the four first protrusions 21 of the upper magnetic plate 2 and the four second protrusions 41 of the lower magnetic plate 4 must be eccentric in the same direction, and the first protrusions 21 and the second protrusions eccentric in the same way The portion 41 makes the air gap non-uniform, and the air gap under each stator is asymmetrical, so as to start the unidirectional DC motor of the present invention.

Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(b) are schematic diagrams of the action of the radially magnetized magnet and the eccentric magnetic pole plates in different directions of the brushless DC motor of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 5(a), the first protrusion The portion 21 and the second convex portion 41 are eccentric in the same direction, while the first convex portion 21 and the second convex portion 41 in FIG. 5( b ) are eccentric in the other direction.

When the coil 6 is energized to give energy to the stator structure, each first protrusion 21 has the opposite magnetism to each corresponding second protrusion 41 due to induction, that is, if the first magnetic plate 2 After a convex portion 21 is endowed with energy, its magnetism becomes N, then the magnetic properties of the second convex portion 41 of the lower magnetic plate 4 become S, and then the rotor structure 1 will move to the right due to the magnetic field to face the next one. Magnetic poles, and by changing the current direction of the coil 6, the magnetic properties of the first convex portion 21 and the second convex portion 41 will be exchanged, that is, the magnetic properties of the first convex portion 21 will become S, and the magnetic properties of the second convex portion 41 will be changed to S. The magnetism of the portion 41 becomes N; then the rotor structure 1 will continue to move to the right, so that the rotor structure 1 continues to rotate around the rotating shaft 11 .

Figure 6(a) and Figure 6(b) are schematic diagrams of the axially magnetized magnets of the brushless DC motor of the present invention and the eccentric magnetic pole plates in different directions, as shown in Figure 6(a), the first protrusion The portion 21 and the second convex portion 41 are eccentric in the same direction, while the first convex portion 21 and the second convex portion 41 in FIG. 6( b ) are eccentric in the other direction.

It is worth mentioning that the material of the outer rotor cover in Figure 5(a) must be a magnetically permeable material, while the material of the rotor outer cover in Figure 5(b) may not have magnetic permeability (for example: copper); Those who are familiar with this technology can easily deduce that the use of axially magnetized magnets can reduce the amount of permanent magnet materials used.

Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 7 (b) are the motor sectional views that cooperate Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 respectively, in Fig. 7 (a), upper magnetic strip 13 and lower magnetic strip 12 (certainly, in Fig. 7 (b) The single magnetic strip 15) forms a magnetic flux path together with the upper magnetic plate 2, the casing 5, and the lower magnetic plate 4 in cooperation with the magnetic field generated by the coil 6.

It is worth noting that both the first protruding portion 21 and the second protruding portion 41 can be further bent to form a plurality of extended protruding portions 210 and 410, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 , this modification can also improve the stator The magnetic moment behavior of the structure.

The technology proposed in the present invention only takes a single-phase brushless DC motor as an example, of course, the present invention can also be extended to a multi-phase structure. In summary, the present invention has a more compact structure and a smaller volume than the aforementioned known technologies, and is especially suitable for low profile motors or miniature motors.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation scope of the present invention. That is to say, all modifications made by those who are familiar with the background technology of the present invention according to the claims of the present invention will not depart from the scope of protection intended by the claims.

Claims (11)

1, a kind of rotor structure comprises:

One enclosing cover has a rotating shaft and a sidewall, and this sidewall is encirclement and is parallel to this rotating shaft; And

One magnetite is connected in this sidewall and surrounds this rotating shaft, and this magnetite is a radial magnetizing.

2, rotor structure as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this enclosing cover is made of a magnetic permeable material.

3, rotor structure as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

This magnetite can be divided into two by the plane perpendicular to this rotating shaft partly, and every part all comprises several magnetic regions in correspondence with each other, and each this magnetic region has the magnetic opposite with the magnetic region of adjacency;

The magnetic region number that every part had of this magnetite is all 2N, and N is one greater than 1 integer; And

Magnetic region in correspondence with each other has opposite magnetic in vertical direction.

4, a kind of rotor structure comprises:

One enclosing cover has a rotating shaft and a sidewall, and this sidewall is encirclement and is parallel to this rotating shaft; And

One magnetite is connected in this sidewall and surrounds this rotating shaft, and this magnetite is an axial charging.

5, rotor structure as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that:

This magnetite comprises several axial magnetic regions in correspondence with each other, and an end of each this axial magnetic region has the magnetic opposite with the other end;

The number of this axial magnetic region is 2N, and N is one greater than 1 integer; And

One end of each this axial magnetic region has the opposite magnetic of corresponding end with the magnetic region of adjacency.

6, a kind of stator structure comprises:

One sleeve pipe;

One first ring is positioned at an opening of this sleeve pipe, and this first ring has N first protuberance, and this N first protuberance each interval and copline ground extend out from this first ring; And

One second ring is positioned at another opening of this sleeve pipe, and this second ring has N second protuberance, and this N second protuberance each interval and copline ground extend out from this second ring;

Wherein, the position of each this first protuberance is the position corresponding to each this second protuberance, and N is one greater than 1 integer.

7, stator structure as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that this sleeve pipe is made of a permeability magnetic material.

8, as claim 6 a described stator structure, it is characterized in that:

This first protuberance and this second protuberance are to be eccentric in same direction; And

This first ring and this first protuberance form magnetic sheet on, and this second ring and this second protuberance form magnetic sheet, and should to go up magnetic sheet and this time magnetic sheet all be that silicon steel by the M layer is constituted, and M is one greater than zero integer.

9, as claim 6 a described stator structure, it is characterized in that:

This stator structure is to be made in one-body molded mode by a magnetic permeable material; And

This magnetic permeable material is a silicon steel.

10, a kind of motor comprises:

One rotor structure, comprise a rotating shaft and a magnetite, this magnetite is to surround this rotating shaft, and this magnetite can be divided into two by the plane perpendicular to this rotating shaft partly, every part all comprises 2N magnetic region in correspondence with each other, and each this magnetic region has the magnetic opposite with the magnetic region of adjacency, and in correspondence with each other magnetic region has opposite magnetic in vertical direction;

One stator structure, comprise a sleeve pipe, one first ring and one second ring, this first ring and this second ring are an opening and another openings that lays respectively at this sleeve pipe, and this first ring and this second ring also have N first protuberance and N second protuberance respectively, individual first protuberance each interval of this N and copline ground extend out from this first ring, individual second protuberance each interval of this N and copline ground extend out from this second ring, and the position of each this first protuberance is the position corresponding to each this second protuberance; And

One coil is wound on this sleeve pipe;

Wherein, when giving this stator structure energy to this coil electricity, each this first protuberance promptly has this second protuberance opposite magnetic corresponding with each because of induction, makes this rotor structure around this rotating shaft and rotating, and N is one greater than 1 integer.

11, a kind of motor comprises:

One rotor structure, comprise a rotating shaft and a magnetite, this magnetite is to surround this rotating shaft, and this magnetite comprises 2N axial magnetic region in correspondence with each other, one end of each this axial magnetic region has the magnetic opposite with the other end, and an end of each this axial magnetic region has the opposite magnetic of corresponding end with the magnetic region of adjacency;

One stator structure, comprise a sleeve pipe, one first ring and one second ring, this first ring and this second ring are an opening and another openings that lays respectively at this sleeve pipe, and this first ring and this second ring also have N first protuberance and N second protuberance respectively, individual first protuberance each interval of this N and copline ground extend out from this first ring, individual second protuberance each interval of this N and copline ground extend out from this second ring, and the position of each this first protuberance is the position corresponding to each this second protuberance; And

One coil is wound on this sleeve pipe;

Wherein, when giving this stator structure energy to this coil electricity, each this first protuberance promptly has this second protuberance opposite magnetic corresponding with each because of induction, makes this rotor structure around this rotating shaft and rotating, and N is one greater than 1 integer.

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