CN1672678A - 预防和治疗前列腺疾病的长链脂肪酸天然活性成分的分离、提取和药用制剂的制备和应用 - Google Patents
预防和治疗前列腺疾病的长链脂肪酸天然活性成分的分离、提取和药用制剂的制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种具有预防和治疗前列腺疾病的长链脂肪酸衍生物活性成分的分离、提取和药用制剂的制备和用途。该药用制剂的活性成分为由以下化学结构通式组成的化合物,其化学结构通式如上,其中:A为(CH2) n2或(C3H4) n3n1,n2,n3为1~10的整数;B为N-羟乙基,1-O-果糖苷,甘油基,OH.该药物制剂由该类长链衍生物活性成分或组分以及药用载体或稀释剂组成。可制成的片剂、胶囊、软胶囊、液体制剂、颗粒剂、煎膏剂、丸剂、粉剂、悬浮剂、分散剂、糖浆剂、注射剂。所述药用制剂用于预防和治疗前列腺增生、前列腺炎及前列腺肿瘤。制备方法为:将原植物粉碎,加溶剂提取;提取物用有机溶剂脱脂,药渣继用溶剂提取,层析和纯化制备而成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有治疗作用的长链脂肪酸类衍生物的提取制备及其在治疗前列腺疾病方面的临床应用。
背景技术
最常见的前列腺疾病包括前列腺癌和前列腺增生。前列腺癌是男性最常见的癌症之一。美国1997年癌症统计显示,在男性肿瘤中,前列腺癌居发病率之首,占41%,居癌症死亡的第二位,占14%,50岁以上男性尸解前列腺癌发生率高达30%。在我国,自70年代起前列腺癌发病率显著上升。随着我国人口的老年化和前列腺癌普查的开展,将会出现越来越多的前列腺癌患者,前列腺癌已成为越来越影响公众健康的问题。
前列腺增生是前列腺组织的良性增生,与前列腺癌没有必然联系,但是二者有时是并存的。它的主要表现是尿路梗阻。男性的前列腺在25岁时发育成熟,正常情况下不再生长。也有人在40岁左右由于体内激素失调等原因发生前列腺增生。据美国的调查显示,50%的60岁男性有前列腺增生,而在80岁男性中,这个数字上升到80%。
目前,这两类前列腺疾病的治疗都以手术摘除为主,对于前列腺癌早期患者可获得较高的存活率,但是由于缺乏有效的药物治疗,中晚期患者存活率较低。近年来的研究表明,前列腺除分泌前列腺液参与精液的组成外,还能产生多种免疫球蛋白,合成具有抗菌作用的含锌多肽,而且前列腺还具有保护生殖系统免遭细菌和其他病原微生物侵袭的局部免疫功能。因此,有人主张在可能的情况下前列腺应尽量予以保留。非手术的药物疗法正亦得更有吸引力。
目前,用于前列腺增生治疗的方向为消除前列腺增生的动力学因素或机械因素。用于消除机械因素的药物主要为直接、间接地抑制二氢睾酮的作用,用于消除动力学因素的药物主要为抑制平滑肌的收缩和紧张度。临床药物主要有4类:(1)抗雄激素;(2)5α-还原酶抑制剂;(3)天然产物制剂;(4)α1肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂。它们中部分也用于前列腺癌的辅助治疗。由于前列腺疾病药物治疗疗程较长,因此药物的毒副作用令人关注。在我国的中草药宝库中,有很多治疗前列腺增生和前列腺癌的药材和药方,其中有不少药物经临床验证具有较好的疗效。采用现代化的生物和化学方法,从这些中药材中提取并筛选出活性成分,有望获得安全高效的抗前列腺疾病的新药,这将产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)是目前临床上用于前列腺癌早期诊断的最重要的指标,主要由前列腺上皮细胞在雄激素及其它生长因子如TGFβ的诱导下表达。正常人血清中PSA含量在1-4ng/ml,前列腺癌患者血清中PSA含量通常则远远超过这个值,而前列腺增生患者血清中PSA含量一般也高于正常值。这些病患者血清中PSA含量的升高主要是因为前列腺细胞中PSA的过量表达。如果患者经治疗,血清中PSA含量明显下降,则可以初步认为治疗是有效的。因此PSA含量的变化,可以作为这两类前列腺疾病疗效的一个指标。
技术内容
本发明目的之一在于公开一类天然长链脂肪酸类衍生物的药用制剂;
本发明目的之二在于公开这一类天然长链脂肪酸类衍生物的制备方法;
本发明目的之三在于公开这一类天然长链脂肪酸类衍生物在治疗前列腺相关疾病的临床应用。
本发明发现了预防和治疗前列腺疾病的活性成份由下列化学结构通式I的化合物组成。
通式(I)
A:(CH2)n2或(C3H4)n3 n1,n2,n3为1~20的整数
B:N-羟乙基,1-O-果糖苷,甘油基,OH
当通式(I)中的A为(C3H4)3,n1为7,B为甘油基,通式(I)所代表的化合物为亚麻酸甘油酯。
当通式(I)中的A为(C3H4)3,n1为7,B为N-羟乙基,通式(I)所代表的化合物为N-(2-羟乙基)9,12,15-十八烷三烯酰胺。
当通式(I)中的A为(C3H4)3,n1为7,B为O果糖苷,通式(I)所代表的化合物为9,12,15-十八烷三烯酸1-O-β-D果糖苷[9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid 1-O-β-D-fructoside]。
当通式(I)中的A为(CH2)13,n1为1,B为O-果糖苷,通式(I)所代表的化合物十六烷酸1-O-β-D果糖苷[Hexadecanoic 1-O-β-D-fructoside]。
本发明的预防和治疗前列腺疾病的活性成份制备方法具体步骤如下:
制备方法一:
1、溶剂的提取:原植物粉碎后,用水、甲醇、乙醇或含水甲、乙醇(30~95%)、丙酮、含水丙酮或醋酸乙酯,加热提取(包括回流)或超声提取,所用溶剂量与原植物重量比为8~15∶1,可重复提取1~3次,除去药渣;滤液在常压或减压条件下浓缩至相对密度1.10~1.15。
2、有机溶剂脱脂:将上述浓缩液加适量水溶解,用正己烷、环己烷、氯仿、石油醚或乙醚提取,弃去有机溶剂。
3、柱层析:将上述的水层浓缩至相对密度1.10~1.15,进行硅胶(100~140目)柱层析,用石油醚-醋酸乙酯、环己烷-醋酸乙酯、正己烷-醋酸乙酯、石油醚-丙酮、环己烷-丙酮或正己烷-丙酮进行洗脱,收集上述混合溶剂8∶2~6∶4洗脱部分,溶剂蒸干。
4、纯化:将上述步骤所得的产物进行葡聚糖凝胶(sephadex LH20)柱层析,用氯仿-甲醇6∶4洗脱,收集各个洗脱部分,挥干溶剂得化合物。
制备方法二:
1、用有机溶剂脱脂:原植物粉碎后,用正己烷、环己烷、氯仿、石油醚或乙醚加热回流提取或超声提取,弃去有机溶剂。
2、溶剂的提取:脱脂后的药渣用水、甲醇、乙醇或含水甲、乙醇(30~95%)、丙酮、含水丙酮或醋酸乙酯,加热(包括回流)或室温浸泡提取,所用溶剂量与原植物重量比为8~15∶1,可重复提取1~3次,除去药渣,滤液在常压下或减压条件下浓缩至相对密度1.10~1.15。
3、柱层析:将上述浓缩溶液进行硅胶(100~140目)柱层析,用石油醚-醋酸乙酯、环己烷-醋酸乙酯、正己烷-醋酸乙酯、石油醚-丙酮、环己烷-丙酮或正己烷-丙酮进行洗脱,收集上述混合溶剂8∶2~6∶4洗脱部分,蒸干溶剂。
4、纯化:将上述步骤所得的产物进行葡聚糖凝胶(sephadex LH20)柱层析,用氯仿-甲醇洗脱,收集各个洗脱部分,挥干溶剂,得化合物。
本发明用于预防和治疗前列腺疾病的活性成份的含量介于0.01~1000mg之间。
本发明用于预防和治疗前列腺疾病的活性成份,其应用方式为:在各单一活性成份或由两个及两个以上活性成份组成的混合物中加入相关的赋形剂,制成片剂、胶囊、软胶囊、液体制剂、颗粒剂、煎膏剂、丸剂、粉剂、悬浮剂、分散剂、糖浆剂、栓剂、注射剂。其中的赋形剂包括粘合剂,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙甲纤维素等;崩解剂,如羧甲基纤维素钠、低取代羟丙纤维素等;稀释剂,如淀粉、糖粉、糊精、微晶纤维素、甘露醇、乳糖、大豆油等;润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁、滑石粉;甜味剂,如蔗糖、果糖、天冬甜素等;稳定剂,如羧甲基纤维素钠、环糊精等;防腐剂,如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸钠等。
脂肪酸甘油酯分布于咖啡豆、橄榄油、菜油等植物油中,有文献报道甘油酯可用于治疗糖尿病和肥胖症。棕榈酸甘油酯、亚麻酸甘油酯、亚油酸甘油酯具有抗炎、抗过敏作用。亚麻酸甘油酯尚存在于中药木通的果实与种子中,在杏香锣兔儿风属植物中及槭树科中也有分布,但未见有将本品或这些植物用于前列腺疾病治疗的报道。9,12,15-十八烷三烯酸1-O-β-D果糖苷和十六烷酸1-O-β-D果糖苷为新的化学结构体。
附图说明
图1为本发明几种化合物对雄激素丙睾的抑制作用示意图.
下列实施例将进一步说明本发明,实施例不应被视为限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
取油菜花粉3Kg,粉碎,加18L氯仿加热回流提取1小时,放冷,滤过。药渣加24L醋酸乙酯加热回流提取两次,滤过。合并提取液,减压回收溶剂,加入两倍量柱层析用硅胶拌匀,真空干燥,研细,装入层析柱,以环己烷-丙酮(9∶1~6∶4)溶剂系统梯度洗脱,收集8∶2~6∶4洗脱组分,继用Sephadex LH-20柱再次分离纯化得到九个化合物。
实施例2
长链酰胺、亚麻酸甘油脂和十六烷酸果糖苷在体外实验中显示出抑制PSA(前列腺特异抗原)分泌的活性,见表一.采用酶联免疫实验测定上述几种物质对LNCaP细胞分泌PSA的影响.
首先将包被多抗稀释至4ug/ml,加入酶标板中,每孔100ul,4℃放置12小时以上。用PBST洗后加封闭液封闭,37℃1小时。加入经药物作用后的细胞培养上清,37℃温浴2小时。洗涤后加入一抗溶液,200ng/ml,37℃温浴1小时。洗涤后加入1∶8000稀释的二抗溶液,室温1小时,避光。洗涤后加入显色液,避光温浴10min后加入2N硫酸,于492nm测量光吸收值。
实施例3
长链酰胺、十八烷三烯酸-果糖苷和十六烷酸果糖苷在体外细胞实验中显示出抗雄激素的活性。如图1所述为几种化合物对雄激素丙睾的抑制作用示意图.
萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因系统对雄激素受体AR激活活性的分析:
用PCR的方法从人的脂肪组织中克隆到全长的AR cDNA,所用的引物序列1为5′-cgggatcctggaagattcagccaagctcaagg-3′,序列2为5′-gctctagaatgggagggttagatagggaggga-3′,将扩增到的PCR产物插入表达载体后测序鉴定。报告基因用Promega公司的荧光素酶检测载体pGL3-Promoter构建,在它上游插入了三个拷贝的AR反应元件(序列3为5′-gatctggctctttcagttctaggaagaactgaaagagcctttgggctctttcagttctaggaagaactgaaagagcctttg-3′)。转染实验用U2OS细胞在96孔板中进行,在转报告基因的同时共转AR基因,转染24小时后每孔加入10nM丙酸睾丸素及待检测的药物,并使溶剂DMSO的终浓度保持在0.1%。药物作用24小时后裂解细胞并进行荧光素酶活性的检测。
表一
| 药物名称 | 抑制率(%) | ||||||
| 浓度(ug/ml) | 5 | 10 | 12.5 | 20 | 25 | 50 | 100 |
| 长链酰胺 | 9.7 | nd | 31 | 52 | 63 | 71 | nd |
| 亚麻酸甘油脂 | 23 | 40 | 57 | nd | 76 | nd | nd |
| 十六烷酸果糖苷 | 4.5 | nd | 8.4 | nd | 26 | 42 | 76 |
注:nd表示该浓度没有测试活性。
Claims (15)
1、一种由长链脂肪酸衍生物组成的天然产物药用制剂,其特征在于,该药用制剂的活性成份为由以下化学结构通式组成的化合物,其化学结构通式为:
其中:
A为(CH2)n2或(C3H4)n3 n1,n2,n3为1~10的整数;
B为N-羟乙基,1-O-果糖苷,甘油基,OH;
2、如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物取代基结构为:
A为(C3H4)n2,n2等于3;
B为甘油基;
n1等于7;
该化合物为亚麻酸甘油酯。
3、如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物的取代基结构为:
A为(C3H4)n2,n2等于3;
B为N-羟乙基;
n1等于7;
该化合物为亚麻酸甘油酯为N-(2-羟乙基)9,12,15-十八烷三烯酰胺。
4、如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物的取代基结构中:
A为(C3H4)n2,n2等于3;
n1等于7;
B为1-O果糖苷
该化合物为9,12,15-十八烷三烯酸1-O果糖苷(9,12,15-Octadecatrienoicacid 1-O-β-D-fructoside)。
5、如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物的取代基结构中:
A为(CH2)n2,n2等于13;
n1等于1;
该化合物为十六烷酸1-O-果糖苷(Hexadecanoic 1-O-β-D-fructoside)。
6、如权利要求1所述结构通式表示的长链化合物组成的药用制剂,其特征在于,该药物制剂由该类长链衍生物活性成分或组分以及药用载体或稀释剂组成。
7、如权利要求6所述的药用制剂,其特征为,该药物制剂由所述结构通式表示的长链衍生物活性成份或组分制成的片剂、胶囊、软胶囊、液体制剂、颗粒剂、煎膏剂、丸剂、粉剂、悬浮剂、分散剂、糖浆剂、注射剂。
8、如权利要求6所述的药用制剂的用途,其特征在于,所述药用制剂用于预防和治疗前列腺增生、前列腺炎及前列腺肿瘤。
9、如权利要求6所述的药用制剂,其特征在于,其所含活性成份的含量介于0.01~1000mg之间。
10、如权利要求6所述的药用制剂,其特征在于,其所含活性组分的优选含量介于0.50~500mg之间。
11、如权利要求1所述结构通式表示的长链化合物活性成分,其特征在于,这些活性成份的制备方法为:将原植物粉碎,加溶剂提取;提取物用有机溶剂脱脂,药渣继用溶剂提取,层析和纯化制备而成。
12、如权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,提取溶剂是水、甲醇、乙醇或含水甲、乙醇(30-95%)、丙酮、含水丙酮或醋酸乙酯中的一种;提取采用加热回流或超声提取。
13、如权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,用于脱脂的有机溶剂是正己烷或环己烷或氯仿或石油醚或乙醚。
14、如权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,柱层析可用硅胶柱层析、聚胺柱层析及葡聚糖凝胶柱层析中的一种。
15、如权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,硅胶柱层析可用由以下任何两种溶剂,如:石油醚、醋酸乙酯、环己烷、丙酮、正己烷组成的混合溶剂进行梯度洗脱。
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