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CN1652892A - 用超声波来使管段密封和断开的装置 - Google Patents

用超声波来使管段密封和断开的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1652892A
CN1652892A CNA038103338A CN03810333A CN1652892A CN 1652892 A CN1652892 A CN 1652892A CN A038103338 A CNA038103338 A CN A038103338A CN 03810333 A CN03810333 A CN 03810333A CN 1652892 A CN1652892 A CN 1652892A
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Prior art keywords
groove
described device
aforesaid right
section
welding
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CN1328000C (zh
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R·莫尔施纳
U·瓦根巴赫
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Stapla Ultraschalltechnik GmbH
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Stapla Ultraschalltechnik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7443—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc by means of ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B23K20/106—Features related to sonotrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
    • B29C57/10—Closing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种借助于超声波焊接装置使一个管子段(10，16，18)实现流体密封地封闭和断开的装置，它有一个具有第一焊接面(22，24)的声极(20)和一个具有对应于第一焊接面的第二焊接面(42，44)的羊角砧(21)以及一个从声极出发并突出于第一焊接面上的断开元件(26)。为了能够使管子(10)的一个区段(16，18)在不更换工具或者超声波焊接装置不重新定位时就断开，以便使这管子(10)与区段(16，18)与哪一侧无关地就封闭实现流体密封，建议如下：声极(20)具有两个相互隔开的第一焊接面(22，24)，它们对应于羊角砧(21)的两个第二焊接面(42，44)；并且在这两个第一焊接面(22，24)设有断开元件(26)，这元件对应于一个在羊角砧(21)的两个第二焊接面(42，44)之间的空槽(46)。

Description

用超声波来使管段密封和断开的装置
本发明涉及一种借助于超声波焊接装置用来使管子区段实现流体密封地封闭并断开的装置，它有一个具有第一焊接面的声极和一个具有对应于第一焊接面的第二焊接面的对置电极以及一个从声极出发并在第一焊接面上突出的断开元件。
在测量技术或冷却技术的装置和设备中使用的管子先要抽真空，然后充一种冷却气体。为此管子与一个接合器相连。充气之后必须使接合器侧的管子段切断。为此必须使通至设备或装置如冰箱或空调设备的管子封住使流体密封。
按照背景技术已知有一种挤压和硬钎焊。也使用一种粘结技术，其中充气管子用一个盖封闭住，盖与管子是粘结的。
如果借助于硬钎焊来实现流体密封地封闭，那么其缺点在于：若管子在之前并未气密地被挤压过，那么在所要涂覆的焊料上就形成一种透气孔，从管子里出来的气体就透过这气孔并因此形成一种泄漏。与此无关地只是在FCKW流体中可以利用一种相应的技术，因为这种流体是不可燃的。
当前FCKW基本已被异丁烷代替，但这异丁烷是高爆炸性的。因此硬钎焊是不再可能了。因此采用了超声波焊接，用这种焊接可以在一个工序里就将首先抽真空并然后充满冷却气体的管子进行挤压和流体密封地封闭住。
在已知的用来使管子实现流体密封的封闭的超声波焊接装置中使用了声极，它具有第一焊接面，在其旁边是一个切割元件。相应地，对应的对置电极(也称羊角砧)具有一个对应于第一焊接面的第二焊接面，在这焊接面旁边是一个对应于切割元件的对置元件如棱边。
根据一根管子的所谓“右”或“右”端是否通至接合器，就必须使用不同的工具。从纯理论上来说，如果相应地使超声波焊接装置重新定位了的话，那也就可以用一种工具来工作了，但是这种可能性由于实用性原因并未考虑。
本发明的问题是要改进开头所述类型的一种装置，使管子区段不用更换工具或者超声波焊接装置的再定位就能被切断，因而使管子流体密封地封闭住，而与在区段的哪一侧无关。
按照本发明此问题基本上如下来解决：声极具有两个相互间隔开的第一焊接面，它们对应于对置电极的两个第二焊接面，而且在这两个第一焊接面之间设有一个断开元件，此元件对应在对置电极的两个第二焊接面之间的一个空槽。
按照本发明对超声波焊接装置的工具进行了改进，使管子在两个相互间隔开的部位上流体密封地封闭住，然后在密封的范围之间将管子切断。因而并不关注在哪一侧切断通向一个接头如一个接合器的管子段。不言而喻切断的部分同样也可以在应用超声波对进行焊接。
对于对置电极或者羊角砧里的空槽来说尤其是一种通道状的，最好是通过对置电极的端面的槽，如纵向槽，其中槽的靠开口的部位比靠底部的部位要窄些，也就是应该比底部宽度更小。因此其优点在于：切断时附带产生的材料汇集在这空槽里，因而并不阻碍当前的和随后的加工过程。同时槽的靠开口的边缘还应该作成尖棱形，以便使通向接头，如接合器的管子段更容易断开。
槽的横断面尤其具有一种靠开口的的矩形的外区段和一种梯形的内区段。此外，在槽的底部还可以设有一个凹坑或下陷处，用于有目的地收集材料。
关于切割元件必须说明如下：其宽度小于纵向槽的敞开侧的宽度。此外切割元件具有一种基本上为长方体状的几何特性，其对着对置电极的外表面为凹入的，因而形成了纵向切割棱。
此外第一个焊接表面应该分别具有一个凸起的表面，它们在切割元件侧过渡到布置在一个共同平面里的里面区段里，这些里面区段平行于或者基本平行于切割元件的或者这个夹紧的平面的外表面。
本发明的其它细节、优点以及特征不仅可以参见权利要求书、取自这些权利要求的特征本身和/或其组合，而且也可以参见以下对取自附图的一种优选实施例的说明。
所示为：
图1：按照本发明设计的超声波焊接装置的用来说明其作用方式的原理图；
图2：按照图1所示的超声波焊接装置的一个声极的俯视图；
图3：按图2的声极的一个前视图；
图4：按图3的声极的放大断面图；
图5：对应于按图2至4所示声极的一个对置电极的俯视图；
图6：按图5所示对置电极的剖视图。
例如对于热传感器、空调设备或冰箱所必需要的管子，首先必须抽真空，然后充满一种冷却气体。接着必须使管子实现密封封闭。为此按照图1所示使例如一个压缩机12的一个相应管子10通过一个接合器14与一个抽真空或者充气装置相连接(此处本发明并不限于此)。在管子10抽真空并对其充满冷却气体之后就必须使管子10在端部侧流体密封地封闭住。同时必须切断通向接合器14的管段16。
按照图1所示的实施例，管子10伸出于压缩机12的左边，那么也可以使这管子伸出在压缩机或者测量技术或冷却技术的另一种装置的右边。但是为了能够与管子10相对接合器14或者另外一种接头的位置无关地使通向压缩机12或一个相应装置的区段18的管子10实现可靠的密封和/或封闭和切断开，使声极20和对置电极或羊角砧21都设计在一个超声波焊接装置里，从而形成两个密封的焊接部位，在这两个部位之间将管子10切断，也就是使管子区段16和18相互断开。同时产生如下优点：通过接合器14的管子段16同样也在外侧流体密封地封闭住，根据在接合器14里的过压使得气体通过管段16不能流向外面。
为了构成所希望的两个相互间隔开的密封部位，声极20具有两个相互隔开的焊接面22，24，在这两个面之间是一个切割元件26。焊接面22，24由外部凸形的部位28，30组成，它们过渡到一个直线的以及在一个共同平面里的内部部位32，34里，它们邻接于这切割元件26。因而这些部位32，34在实施例中都垂直于声极20的竖轴。
切割元件26本身的断面是一种矩形形状，也就是一种长方体几何特性，其中对着羊角砧21的外表面36呈凹状。因而在切割元件26的边缘部位里形成了切割状纵向边棱或者切割边棱38，40。
对应于剖视图，声极20或者其头部设计成对称的，因而具有两个切割元件26和对应相邻接的焊接面28，30，32，34。
对应于声极20或其头部的对置电极或羊角砧21具有长方体形的断面，在上面具有两个第二焊接面42，44，它们在外侧按通常的方式可以有一种构造，如交叉沟纹。
在这两个第二焊接面42，44之间，在实施例中，是一个通道状的纵向槽46，它在羊角砧21的端面上穿过这羊角砧21。同时这纵向槽46在开口侧具有比底部侧更小的宽度。此外在底部48可以设有一个下凹或凹坑50，用于收集或放置在切割时所产生的材料。
另外这纵向槽46的纵向棱边或纵向边缘52，54应该设计成尖棱状的，以及在所希望的范围内确保管子10的、通过焊接而密封的部位之间所要去掉的管子材料实现剪切，这些材料落到纵向槽的底部。
由图6所示剖视图可见，槽46的断面由一个孔口侧的矩形段和一个通至底部48的梯形段组成，它们的侧壁可以有一个夹角α为10°≤α≤30°。
如果更加优选地将对应于切割元件26的槽46设计成羊角砧21里的纵向槽的话，那么同样也可以用其它的几何形状特征。尤其是不需要使槽在羊角砧21的端面上通过羊角砧21。也可以使槽过渡至一个通过羊角砧21的垂直于第二焊接面42，44的开口里，通过这开口可以将切割时附带产生的管子材料材料去除掉。

Claims (11)

1.借助于一种超声波焊接装置用于使一个管子区段(10，16，18)实现流体密封地封闭和断开的装置，它有一个具有第一焊接面(22，24)的声极(20)和一个具有一个对应于第一焊接面的第二焊接面(42，44)的对置电极或一个羊角砧(21)以及一个从声极起并在第一焊接面上突起的断开元件(26)，其特征在于，声极(20)具有两个相互间隔开的第一焊接面(22，24)，它们对应于对置电极(21)的两个第二焊接面(42，44)；而且在这两个第一焊接面之间设有断开元件(26)，该断开元件对应于一个在对置电极的两个第二焊接面之间的槽(46)。
2.按权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，槽(46)是一个通道状的通过对置电极(21)的端面的纵向槽。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，槽(46)的靠开口的部位小于槽的靠底部的部位。
4.按上述权利要求中至少一项所述的装置，其特征在于，槽(56)的靠开口的边缘(52，54)设计成尖锐棱状。
5.按上述权利要求中至少一项所述的装置，其特征在于，槽(46)的断面由一个靠开口的的矩形外区段和一个梯形的内区段组成。
6.按照上述权利要求中至少一项所述的装置，其特征在于，槽(46)的底部(48)有一个凹坑(50)。
7.按照上述权利要求中至少一项所述的装置，其特征在于，断面最好为矩形的切割元件(26)的宽度小于槽(46)的靠开口的的宽度。
8.按照上述权利要求中至少一项所述的装置，其特征在于，切割元件(26)的对置电极侧的表面(36)设计成凹形的。
9.按照上述权利要求中至少一项所述的装置，其特征在于，第一焊接面(22，24)具有一种凸起的表面。
10.按照上述权利要求中至少一项所述的装置，其特征在于，凸起的表面(22，24)在切割元件侧分别过渡到一个在一个共同平面里的内区段(32，34)里，其中所述平面平行或者基本平行于所述外表面(36)。
11.按照上述权利要求中至少一项所述的装置，其特征在于，切割元件(26)的纵向边棱(38，40)设计成尖锐棱边状。
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