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CN1511092A - 吸声防护垫 - Google Patents

吸声防护垫 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1511092A
CN1511092A CNA028104447A CN02810444A CN1511092A CN 1511092 A CN1511092 A CN 1511092A CN A028104447 A CNA028104447 A CN A028104447A CN 02810444 A CN02810444 A CN 02810444A CN 1511092 A CN1511092 A CN 1511092A
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layer
protection pad
sound absorption
prevented
felt
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D
D·奥雷甘
J·H·菲舍尔
H·S·汉
B·J·普里斯
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Autoneum Technologies AG
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Rieter Technologies AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种机动车防护垫(1)，也称为接入垫或防护垫。该防护垫包括一个微孔加强层(2)(声学膜)。该层可由多个板组成。总的气流阻力为500－4000Ns/m3。该防护垫(1)必须是疏水的。为了提高隔声效果，在微孔加强层(2)和机动车地板(8)之间设有一个分离层(6)。该分离层可插入到防护垫(1)中或由底层毯子或机动车地板吸声材料构成。可将另外的层或板例如粘结剂层、防滑层、表面织物或毯层和/或蓬松层添加到防护垫中。

Description

吸声防护垫
技术领域
本发明涉及权利要求1所述的用于减小车内噪声的吸声防护垫，并涉及一种该吸声防护垫和普通地板垫的组合件，具体地说是包括一个微孔加强层，与US6145617所述的多层组件进行组合。
背景技术
机动车防护垫通常设置在机动车所铺设的毯子上，通常只用于保护驾驶员和乘客脚下的毯子。它们通常不是显著的吸声材料。如果这些已知的防护垫包括可反射内部噪声的隔音层或者与下面的地板一起发生共振，那么它们甚至会使机动车内的噪声增大。下面所描述的吸声效果增强的防护垫显著地减小了机动车内的噪声量。所述的防护垫可制得轻于目前所生产的防护垫，从而使机动车的重量减轻。本发明的防护垫还可用于住宅和商业结构中，以减小铺设有硬地板的室内的回声。
现有的机动车防护垫在本领域广为人知。它们大多数都由具有较重背层的毯子构成，并呈现出较差的吸声性能，而这通常是通过无奈地增大背层的厚度来进行弥补。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的就是提供一种薄而轻且具有较强声学性能的防护垫。
具体地说，本发明的目的是提供一种可与普通的弹簧-质量地板系统(在共振频率范围内出现隔音损失)或与US6145617的普通吸声毯子(在共振频率范围内没有隔音损失)一起使用的防护垫。
该目的是通过权利要求1或6所述的特别是在US6145617的教导下而发明的防护垫来实现的。该专利公开了一种用于减小车内噪声的超轻、多功能隔音元件。该元件包括一个微孔增强层，该层的气流阻力Rt＝500-2500Ns/m3，质量面积分布mF＝0.3-2.0kg/m2，弯曲刚度B＝0.05-10.5Nm。该组件可替代用于机动车降噪的经典弹簧-质量系统，并可使经典的弹簧-质量系统的重量减小至少50％。该元件的性能与普通的弹簧-质量系统不同，在共振频率范围内不会出现隔音损失。在此作为参考引用US6145617的内容和教导。
本发明的目的是制造一种可布置在所铺设的毯子上的重量轻的地板防护垫，与现有的防护垫相比，其具有较强的声学效果。上述目的是通过一种包括一个低气流阻力和防水层的防护垫来实现的，该防护垫可布置在机动车地板上，具体地说是布置在所铺设的毯子上，且最好是布置在具有US6145617所述高蓬松层的毯子上。在该蓬松层的顶部通过至少一个粘结层(如果需要)固定有一个表面织物或毯层(如果需要)。另外，该防护垫包括至少一个疏水层，疏水层同时可以是一个开孔层，以便产生规定的气流阻力。
本发明的优选实施例包括从属权利要求2-5和6-10所述的特征。
本发明防护垫是对US6145617所公开的多层组件的进一步的改进。对于本发明来说，必需在防护垫和机动车毯子或地板之间设置一个分离层。该分离层可插入到防护垫中或由机动车毯子的顶层构成。
附图说明
下面将结合附图对本发明及其优选实施例进行描述。
图1是本发明防护垫的优选实施例的截面图；
图2是本发明防护垫的第二实施例的截面图；
图3是本发明防护垫的第三实施例的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1是吸声防护垫1的优选实施例的截面图，该吸声防护垫1含有一个分离层6并包括一个疏水的气流阻挡层2。该疏水的气流阻挡层2可选择地带有一个表面织物或毯层3，它们都是透气的并最好通过粘结层4进行粘结，表面织物或毯层3还可通过机械的方式固定到该疏水的气流阻挡层2上。疏水的气流阻挡层2可以是纤维性质的，或者由TPE(弹性体)、橡胶或乙烯树脂制成。在该疏水的气流阻挡层2的下面设有一个高蓬松的低气流阻挡层5，该高蓬松的低气流阻挡层5的底部包括一个可用作分离层6的附加防滑隔离层。该高蓬松的低气流阻挡层5最好借助于一个第二粘结层7粘结到疏水的气流阻挡层2上。
表面织物3、粘结层4和7以及疏水的气流阻挡层2一起具有500-4000Ns/m3的总气流阻力。疏水层2可足以防止水汽并保护防护垫的内部结构和位于底层的毯子。通过粘结层特别是DOW936的0.0015”粘结剂膜还可实现防水。防水值平均为150mm，特别是，该层每6小时没有150ml的水渗漏，甚至每16小时没有750ml的水渗漏。气流阻挡层2最好由紧密织造的纤维材料制成，以便可获得较大的弯曲刚度。刚度最好是0.05-10.5Nm，该层由多孔的模制橡胶或透气的热塑性弹性体制成。
高蓬松层5最好由包括3旦尼尔纤维的蓬松纤维层构成，但也可由多孔泡沫材料制成。该层5的厚度决定了防护垫吸收低频噪声的效率。当该高蓬松层由聚氨酯泡沫材料或类似材料制成时，该层还可用作防滑层。如果该高蓬松层5不能提供令人满意的防滑效果和/或隔离性能，就可设置一个附加的防滑隔离层或其它的机械约束。
图2示出了本发明的防护垫，其包括一个只与可用作分离层6的底层毯子和包括装饰层的吸声层相互作用的声学膜。该防护垫1包括一个密实且疏水的气流阻挡层2和一个可选择的表面织物或毯层3。该表面织物或毯层3通过一个透气的粘结层4粘结到疏水的气流阻挡层2上。该实施例将本发明缩减到最小的结构。防护层2由紧密织造的纤维层或微孔橡胶、TPE、乙烯树脂或类似材料构成。表面织物和粘结层是可选择的。该组件的气流阻力应当是500-4000Ns/m3，最好是500-2000Ns/m3。安装好后，底层毯子和/或吸声层(例如按照US6145617)可用作该组件的分离层。根据所用的材料和用户的要求，该防护垫的机械约束可以是必须的。
下表示出了与具有封闭表面的经典防护垫相比本发明防护垫在吸声效果方面的改进情况。这些计算结果基于下述结构而得出：
表1
具有如下结构：
-0.8mm的钢
-3.5kg/m2沥青阻尼
-0.2mm空气间隙
-25mm泡沫材料
-0.7kg/m2的气流阻挡层，且AFR＝1500Ns/m3
-4mm毯层
的US6145617的简易轻量毯层(下面称为“RUL毯层”)的值与这种RUL毯层加上本发明的防护垫所形成的组件进行比较，其中，RUL毯层包括：
-0.8mm的钢
-3.5kg/m2沥青阻尼
-0.2mm空气间隙
-10mm泡沫材料
-0.7kg/m2的气流阻挡层，且AFR＝1500Ns/m3
-4mm毯层，并产生0.2mm的空气间隙
防护垫具有如下的结构：
-15mm泡沫材料，0.7kg/m2，1500Ns/m3
-4mm毯层
表1：
(1)简单的RUL25mm泡沫材料，0.7kg/m2，1500Ns/m3 (2)RUL10mm泡沫材料+防护垫15mm泡沫材料，每个都是0.7kg/m2，1500Ns/m3
频率 TL α NR TL α NR
(Hz) (dB) (1) (dB) (dB) (1) (dB)
60 16.0 0.16 8.0 16.5 0.15 8.3
100 19.5 0.13 10.6 20.0 0.13 11.1
160 23.5 9.17 15.8 23.0 0.20 16.0
200 24.5 0.26 18.6 24.0 0.33 19.2
400 33.0 0.66 31.2 35.0 0.74 33.7
800 46.5 0.76 45.3 48.5 0.73 47.1
1000 50.0 0.76 48.8 50.0 0.73 48.6
2000 50.0 0.76 48 8 50.0 0.76 48.8
3000 50.0 0.76 48.8 50.0 0.77 48.9
4000 50.0 0.77 48.9 50.0 0.77 48.9
5000 50.0 0.77 48.9 50.0 0.78 48.9
8000 50.0 0.76 48.8 50.0 0.77 48.9
表2：
具有如下结构：
-0.8mm的钢
-3.5kg/m2沥青阻尼
-0.2mm空气间隙
-20mm泡沫材料
-0.7kg/m2，1500Ns/m3的AFR层
-4mm毯层，并产生0.2mm的空气间隙
以及
-5mm泡沫材料
-0.7kg/m2，1500Ns/m3的AFR层
-4mm毯层
并带有一个本发明防护垫的普通RUL毯层的值与带有一个具有如下结构的经典防护垫的普通RUL毯层组合进行比较，
-0.8mm的钢
-3.5kg/m2沥青阻尼
-0.2mm空气间隙
-20mm泡沫材料
-0.7kg/m2，1500Ns/m3的AFR层
-4mm毯层，并产生0.2mm的空气间隙
以及
-5mm泡沫材料
-0.5kg/m2 resp.4.0kg/m2的厚层
-4mm毯层
表2：
     RUL20mm泡沫材料0.7kg/m2，1500Ns/m3     5mm泡沫材料0.5kg/m2，96000Ns/m3     RUL20mm泡沫材料0.7kg/m2，1500Ns/m3     5mm泡沫材料4.0kg/m2，96000Ns/m3
  频率        +选择的防护垫         +经典防护垫        +选择的防护垫         +经典防护垫
   TL   α   NR   TL   α   NR   TL   α   NR   TL   α   NR
   Hz    dB   1   dB   dB   1   dB   dB   1   dB   dB   1   dB
   60    16.5   0.15   08.3   16.5   0.16   08.5   17.0   0.15   8.8   17.5   0.12   08.3
   100    20.0   0.14   11.5   19.5   0.14   11.0   20.0   0.14   11.5   19.0   0.14   10.5
   160    23.0   0.20   16.0   22.0   0.20   15.0   24.0   0.26   18.1   16.0   0.60   13.8
   200    24 0   0.34   19.3   23.0   0.32   18.1   26.5   0.38   22.3   22.0   0.50   19.0
   400    35.0   0.74   33.7   31.0   0.78   29.9   37.0   0.60   34.8   46.0   0.14   37.5
  800    50.0    0.70   48.5   50.0   0.34   45.3   49.5   0.64   47.6      50.0   0.18   42.6
  1000    50.0    0.70   48.5   50.0   0.30   44.8   50.0   0.65   48.1      50.0   0.21   43.2
  2000    50.0    0.74   48.7   50.0   0.36   45.6   50.0   0.72   48.6      50.0   0.27   44.5
  3000    50.0    0.77   48.9   50.0   0.38   45.8   50.0   0.76   48.8      50.0   0.32   45.1
  4000    50.0    0.78   48.9   50.0   0.38   45.8   50.0   0.77   48.9      50.0   0.35   45.4
5000 50.0 0 78 48.9 50.0 0.39 45.9 50.0 0.77 48.9 50.0 0.37 45.7
  8000    50.0    0.78   48 9   50.0   0.42   46.2   50.0   0.77   48.9      50.0   0.40   46.0
对于这些结构，传递损失(TL)和吸收系数(α)已通过漫射声发生率的SISAB程序计算出。噪声减小量(NR)可通过以下的公式获得：
NR＝10*log(α)+TL
这在具有漫射声场的空间内是有效的。
从这些表中可看到，与经典的(质量-支承，也就是，弹簧-质量)系统相比，本发明的组合具有非常好的声学性能(介入损失和吸收性)，且整个系统的重量减小。
车内研究表明本发明的防护垫提高了内部的声压水平，特别是，对于动力系统噪声和轮胎/路面噪声的输入，清晰度指数提高了1-2％。另外，本发明的组合还使重量减小了27％。
下面所要描述的另一个优选实施例的总厚度为13mm。
其第一优选实施例由一个粘结到4mm厚且重量为750gr/m2的聚酯针刺毡上的3lb/ft3和6mm厚的PUR泡沫材料构成。聚酯毡包括双组分软化纤维以获得所需的气流阻力。毡通过防水处理以避免水汽渗入。毯层粘结到该疏水的气流阻力毡的顶部。
其第二实施例包括40g/m2的熔吹聚丙烯纤维来实现所需的气流阻力。将泡沫材料的厚度增大到9.5mm，从而达到13mm的总厚度。
这两个实施例表现出相似的优良声学性能。
图3示出了本发明的另一个改进的实施例，其从底部到顶部包括以下的结构：
-一个蓬松层10，该蓬松层可以是一个模切的针刺毡、模切的热塑性毡、模切的非六亚甲基四胺(non-hexa)树脂处理的毡、模制的热塑性毡、铸塑的泡沫材料或模切的板状泡沫材料；
-一个用碳氟化合物处理的PET毡11，其通过雾化的热熔融物12粘结到蓬松层10上；
-带有PET再生稀松布16的粘结剂膜13；
-带有毯层15的PE预涂层14，毯层15具有PET主基底。
该结构允许在一个单步骤过程中形成整个防护垫，并可通过标准的毯子模制设备来进行制造。另外，通过这种结构，可避免使用酚醛树脂。为了提高该结构的防水性能，用碳氟化合物基的防水剂对该疏水的气流阻力毡进行处理。
总之，本发明涉及一种与普通地板系统相互作用的机动车防护垫1，也称为接入垫或防护垫。该防护垫1包括微孔加强层2(声学膜)。该层2可由多个板组成。总的气流阻力为500-4000Ns/m3，最好是500-2000Ns/m3。该防护垫1必须是疏水的。为了提高声学效果，在防护垫的微孔加强层2和机动车地板8之间设有分离层6。该分离层6可插入到防护垫1中或由底层毯子或机动车地板吸声材料构成。可将另外的层或板例如粘结剂层、防滑层、表面织物或毯层和/或蓬松层添加到防护垫中。
本发明吸声防护垫的优点对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，特别是提高了声学性能并减小了整个地板系统的重量。

Claims (10)

1.一种与常规机动车地板(8)一起使用的吸声防护垫(1)，特别是一个包括微孔加强层的多层组件，该防护垫(1)包括一个疏水的气流阻挡层(2)，该层(2)的总气流阻力为500-4000Ns/m3，特别是500-2000Ns/m3，因此，在该防护垫(1)与机动车地板(8)处于组装状态时，用作分离层(6)的相互作用装置在防护垫(1)和机动车地板(8)之间形成空气间隙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸声防护垫(1)，其特征在于：气流阻挡层(2)是一个弯曲刚度为B＝0.005Nm至B＝10.5Nm的微孔层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸声防护垫(1)，其特征在于：防护垫(1)包括一个用作相互作用装置的分离层(6)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的吸声防护垫(1)，其还包括一个蓬松层(5)，特别是一个模切的针刺毡、模切的热塑性毡、模切的非六亚甲基四胺树脂处理的毡、模制的热塑性毡、铸塑的泡沫材料或模切的板状泡沫材料。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的吸声防护垫(1)，其特征在于：各层通过一个透气的粘结层(4)相互结合在一起。
6.一种与常规机动车地板(8)组合在一起的吸声防护垫(1)，特别是一个包括微孔加强层的多层组件，该防护垫(1)包括一个疏水的气流阻挡层(2)，该层(2)的总气流阻力为500-4000Ns/m3，且最好是500-2000Ns/m3，从而在防护垫(1)和地板(8)之间设有用作产生空气间隙的分离层(6)的相互作用装置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的吸声防护垫(1)，其特征在于：气流阻挡层(2)是一个弯曲刚度为B＝0.005Nm至B＝10.5Nm的微孔层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的吸声防护垫(1)，其还包括一个表面织物或毯层(3)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的吸声防护垫(1)，其还包括一个蓬松层(5)，特别是一个模切的针刺毡、模切的热塑性毡、模切的非六亚甲基四胺树脂处理的毡、模制的热塑性毡、铸塑的泡沫材料、模切的板状泡沫材料。
10.根据权利要求6-9中任一项所述的吸声防护垫(1)，其特征在于：各层通过一个透气的粘结层(4)相互结合在一起。
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CN101380913B (zh) * 2007-09-06 2010-12-08 丰田纺织株式会社 地板消音器
CN103782338A (zh) * 2011-08-24 2014-05-07 佛吉亚汽车工业公司 可具体用于汽车的隔音组件
CN103782338B (zh) * 2011-08-24 2016-06-01 佛吉亚汽车工业公司 可具体用于汽车的隔音组件
CN103531187A (zh) * 2013-10-18 2014-01-22 太仓市方克乐器有限公司 一种新型架子鼓鼓架垫
CN105034971A (zh) * 2014-04-23 2015-11-11 现代自动车株式会社 用于车辆的前围板垫
CN105034971B (zh) * 2014-04-23 2019-05-10 现代自动车株式会社 用于车辆的前围板垫
CN107406043A (zh) * 2015-01-12 2017-11-28 泽菲罗斯公司 声学地板垫层系统
CN107406043B (zh) * 2015-01-12 2022-02-22 泽菲罗斯公司 声学地板垫层系统
CN110406554A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2019-11-05 比亚迪股份有限公司 轨道列车的防尘罩降噪结构及降噪方法
CN110406554B (zh) * 2018-04-28 2021-11-12 比亚迪股份有限公司 轨道列车的防尘罩降噪结构及降噪方法
CN110154935A (zh) * 2019-06-12 2019-08-23 奇瑞商用车（安徽）有限公司 车身前围隔音垫及具有其的电动汽车
CN110154935B (zh) * 2019-06-12 2021-06-01 奇瑞商用车（安徽）有限公司 车身前围隔音垫及具有其的电动汽车

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RU2003134009A (ru) 2005-02-10
KR100561801B1 (ko) 2006-03-21
US6983822B2 (en) 2006-01-10
MXPA03010617A (es) 2004-12-06
ZA200309303B (en) 2004-11-29
PL365255A1 (en) 2004-12-27
KR20030096414A (ko) 2003-12-24
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JP2004529030A (ja) 2004-09-24
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