CN1561250A - Toboggan run - Google Patents

Abstract

Summer toboggan runs where the driver can individually adapt the speed of the toboggan by actuating a brake often experience the problem that a faster toboggan crashes into the rear of a slower preceding toboggan. This happens frequently in the outrun zone. The aim of the invention is therefore to provide such an outrun zone with a braking zone (40) with brake devices that function speed-selectively so that toboggans that have a slower speed are only slightly slowed down or not at all, while toboggans with an excess speed are slowed down to the desired speed.

Description

toboggan run

technical field

The present invention relates to a toboggan run with a downward rail close to the ground, suitable for a sled capable of accommodating at least one person, which is gravity driven on the toboggan run and has a A freely controlled brake that allows the speed of the sled to be kept below the maximum achievable speed at all times.

Background technique

This toboggan run, also known as a summer toboggan run, is very commonly used and is also described in the document DE3017 921C2. It is characterized in that the rider can adjust the speed of the toboggan run with the brake according to his wishes. There are riders of all tastes, some who like to go as fast as possible on the slide, but there are also riders who prefer a rocking stance and prefer to be able to ride at a slower speed. Current slides only have a brake that is not controlled by the rider during deceleration. The sled usually slides into a so-called brake band during deceleration. This brake band moves towards the skid at a slow speed. The friction created when sliding into the brake band slows the sled to the speed of the brake band, allowing the rider to leave the sled at the drop-off point, so the brake band acts as a conveyor belt to transport the empty sled to the pickup Use the site, that is, the starting point.

Although riders should pay attention to keep the sleds at a considerable distance on the slide, it often happens that the sleds are too close because each rider has their own way of sliding during the sliding process, especially when they are close to the deceleration area. Repeated occurrences of faster riders colliding with slower riders in front, and more often than not bold riders rushing towards the braking strip, so that the sled and riders slide out of the prescribed drop-off stop.

In addition, the installation of slideway guide rails often has to be considered to make sports-loving skaters somewhat challenging. It is ideal for such a structure to slow down the speed without being controlled by the skater. Some gliding practice is required beforehand.

Contents of the invention

The invention is based on the problem of making a toboggan run of the type described above safer to ride and, moreover, allowing the rider to unleash a certain enjoyment of his games and sports competitions.

The invention solves this problem with a toboggan run as defined in claim 1, the toboggan run having at least one braking area with an automatic braking device controlled by the speed and acting on the sled .

The speed control to be expressed here means that the sled slides to the braking area at an appropriate speed, but does not need to brake or only needs to be slightly braked, while the sled with an inappropriate speed needs a braking device. Braking can also be used without (depending on the difference between the actual taxiing speed and the rated speed).

The first step to have a speed control function is to install a brake. The working principle of this brake is related to the speed. Here, there is an eddy current brake (described in detail below).

Of course, various brakes can also be used, the working principle of which is not related to the speed or a little, such as a friction brake, in which case the braking device must have an external adjustment to change this determining braking action Parameters, for a brake whose braking action is in principle speed-controlled, it is natural to take into account such an adjustability. In the case of such an externally controllable brake, the speed of the sled must be measured. At least one speed sensor should be considered when braking the area, and the brake can be automatically applied by using the measured speed or using the difference from the rated speed.

Here it should be taken into account that the summer toboggan run has the following particularities. The sled itself is relatively light and can accommodate one or two light and heavy riders. The deceleration mass is very different in each case. Matching the respective braking weights, it would be possible to consider weighing the sleds and occupants before departure, but all this would require some kind of expense; another possibility would be to second the speed in the braking area. The weight of the passenger sled can be derived from previous knowledge of the deceleration of the sled and the set braking force, so that this should be taken into account when braking further in the braking zone.

An optimum effect can be achieved assuming that the speed of the sled is constantly monitored in the braking area, and this can be achieved by installing a plurality of sensors one behind the other in the braking area.

The braking action can be adjusted by comparing the actual speed with a defined, ie nominal, speed profile in the braking range, so that the desired speed results at the end of the braking range.

To sum up, such a speed-controlled brake will attract much attention. One possibility is that this brake is an eddy current brake. Its advantage is that its working principle has determined the speed adjustability. Brake is now widely known, and has been used in this so-called entertainment and fitness equipment, so that this free-falling passenger carrier has a very high gliding speed, and this appliance with eddy current brake is in document DE 295 06 374 It has been described that when using this appliance the rider is not affected by the speed and therefore always maintains the same speed when the passenger appliance enters the braking zone.

For the above-mentioned toboggan slides where the skater affects the speed of the sled, this eddy current brake has not been used so far. The inventor believes that the sled can be selected according to its speed through the working principle of an eddy current brake. The slow sled does not brake or slightly There are brakes, and fast sleds have significant speed changes. In this way, collisions can be avoided, especially in the deceleration zone of the slide.

Further attention should be paid to the following problems when using a kind of eddy current brake in a kind of summer toboggan slideway: the guide rail slideway and the sled itself should have certain elasticity and flexibility, so that a kind of sled carrying a heavy weight is better than a sled carrying a heavy weight. A light-weight sled is easier to bend, and the centrifugal force generated during sliding will cause the sled to bend, all of which will cause the spatial arrangement of the secondary conductive part and the original magnetic part of the eddy current brake to change again and again, all of which will again affect For the summer toboggan run it should be noted that the braking action is the same despite the fact that the sled has a bend, to achieve these can be suspended and held there by means of a part of the eddy current brake attached to the sled, In particular, it is movable in the vertical direction and leans against the corresponding rails in the direction of sliding, the part leaning against the sled or leaning against other parts or against the split rigid rails, so that the spatial arrangement of the secondary conductive part and the primary magnetic part is always the same and does not The braking effect is thus changed.

To sum up, an additional adjustment function is also required for a brake whose working principle is speed-dependent, so that the actual braking effect can be better matched to the speed. The braking effect of the eddy current brake is basically It is determined by the size of the gap between the secondary conductive part and the primary magnetic part and the coincidence of the secondary conductive part and the primary magnetic part. The braking effect can be changed by purposefully changing the gap or coincidence according to the speed. For U-shaped primary magnetism An ideal solution for the part is that the two sections of the original magnetic part that constitute the U-shaped legs of the original magnetic part can be separated from each other, and the gap is enlarged. It is conceivable that the secondary conductive part enters more or less in the U-shaped original The magnetic part moves between them, and the guide rail position of the secondary conductive part can be changed according to the original magnetic part, which will change its coincidence.

In view of this braking effect, it is of course not important whether the primary magnetic part or the secondary conductive part is fixed on the sled, it is obviously better to fix the primary magnetic part, i.e. the permanent magnetic part, on the toboggan runway, and the secondary conductive part, i.e. The inductive current part should be fixed to the sled, if the permanent magnet is fixed to the sled then it will be slightly problematic to operate the sled because the permanent magnet will attract other ferromagnetic parts.

Another method of deliberate braking of the sled is preferably an electromagnetically actuated friction brake, for which at least one brake pad made of ferromagnetic material should be mounted on the sled, perpendicular to the direction of travel and movable , the brake pads should be aligned with the brake track on the toboggan run, what is involved here is a separate brake track, which is suitable for brakes controlled by the rider at will.

For the electromagnetic brake pad, it involves a separate brake pad, and also involves a brake pad required for random control. For this structure, a coupler must be used to connect the brake lever and the brake pad controlled by the skater. sheet, so an electromagnetic control has no reaction to the brake lever.

The toboggan run shall be equipped with a plurality of electromagnets arranged one behind the other, the electromagnetic force of which acts on the brake pads and attracts or presses the brake pads towards the brake track.

The electromagnets can be controlled separately, and this control can be mobile, so the distance between the brake pads and the electromagnets can be changed, and different current intensities can be loaded on the electromagnets, so that the force on the brake pads can be directly controlled by Depending on the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet, the sled can reach the corresponding rated speed at least at the end of the braking zone.

The electromagnet needs some time to increase the electromagnetic force due to some effect in order to build up the full electromagnetic force, so the speed of the sled needs to be measured before the braking area, so that if the sled enters the braking area, the electromagnet develops the full electromagnetic field strength.

A third way to implement a speed-controlled brake is to place multiple friction wheels in succession in the braking area of the toboggan run, with the first friction wheel having a rotational speed corresponding to the highest rated speed of the toboggan, and the subsequent friction wheels each There is a small angular velocity, and the friction wheel should have an idle function.

The friction wheels work together with the side raceways on the sled, what is important is that the friction wheels need to spin freely, if the sled enters the braking zone at a speed greater than the peripheral speed of the friction wheels, then there is a friction effect because the friction wheels The speed of the friction wheel is not greater than that allowed by its drive mechanism, and if the sled is slower, the speed of the friction wheels will match the speed of the sled due to idling, and no braking will occur.

In the braking area, the ski can be slowed down by means of a braking device, without stopping the ski, always maintaining a minimum speed, in individual cases, the ski can be accelerated to this speed if necessary, the idling function has a friction safety joint The idling speed only occurs above the minimum speed, and below this speed, the friction wheel plays a driving role, which can accelerate the sled to the minimum speed.

In order to achieve an effective guide and to allow for increased friction without overloading the friction wheels, it must be considered that the length of the side raceway can overlap at least two friction wheels.

The friction wheels can be installed on both sides or one side of the sled, and the position of the friction wheels can be corrected horizontally on the side or vertically at the bottom of the sled.

Regardless of the type of braking device installed, there should always be a braking area in front of the toboggan run, where collisions can occur, mainly because the length of the toboggan run makes it difficult for faster The sled has ample time to catch up with the slower sled ahead, and moreover it is often observed that cautious skiers stop the sled just before the deceleration zone because they think it would be unsafe in the deceleration zone due to the characteristics of the sled.

But in general consider placing braking zones at key locations on the toboggan run (in summary).

In the deceleration area, it can be considered to install a braking device, which can automatically stop the sled from a certain speed and allow the skater to leave the sled at this speed. Therefore, a brake band is especially mentioned here. The skis can be slid or slowed down with the sleds on the brake belt, which also serves as a transport belt to bring the sleds to the retrieval station.

One could further improve this by using an eddy current brake to be able to control the sled braking with speed: theoretically this brake could be used to adjust the speed, because the faster the secondary conductive part moves relative to the primary magnetic part, the greater the induced eddy current. This effect is actually not very obvious. If you choose a small coincidence or a combination of the original magnetic part and the second conductive part, the induced eddy current will be too weak, so that the fast sled will not brake enough in the braking area; if you choose If the coincidence is too large, the slow-speed sled that does not need to be braked will stop in practice. From the above method, it can be considered to change the gap between the original magnetic part and the secondary conductive part according to the speed, and the sled can enter the braking area at this speed : However such measurement and control costs are considerable.

The object of the present invention is to improve the inherent speed control action of eddy current brakes.

The eddy current brake has a primary magnetic part and a secondary conductive part, and the two parts will overlap in the braking area, so a braking force acting on the sled can be formed by inducing eddy currents, and the two parts can use a mechanical structure to change the coincidence Relative movement, this mechanical structure can increase the coincidence of the primary magnetic part and the secondary conductive part when passing the braking area according to the braking force acting in the braking area.

In this way an automatic reinforcement occurs: the sled enters the braking area, at which point there is first a small coincidence of the primary magnetic part and the secondary conductive part, so that initially only a small braking force occurs, which at the same time causes an enlargement of the coincidence, the braking force It also increases when entering braking areas.

If the slow sled comes in, the initial braking force is not enough to increase the overlap significantly, so the braking force remains small.

The fast sled initially produces a greater braking force, however this braking force is not initially sufficient to significantly slow the sled, but the resulting braking force is sufficient to increase the overlap so that the braking force Gets big quickly and can make fast sleds significantly slow at the end of the braking zone.

In order to distinguish the slow sled from the fast sled more clearly, this mechanical structure can take into account a limit value under which the overlapping does not increase, depending on the braking force transmitted.

One of the easiest ways to change the coincidence is to move the last conductive part of the sled vertically relative to the sled.

Can realize above-mentioned effect with this mechanical structure, and last conductive part of sled is hung and swings, and can be kept on the upper end position with an extension spring, produces little coincidence with another former magnetic part on this position.

The braking force acts on the upper conductive part of the sled relative to the sliding direction and will cause the secondary conductive part to move from the upper end position to the lower end position by means of the tension spring force, and the lower end position is more in line with the balance position of the pendulum. This swing is easy to achieve, through The choice of spring force determines the degree of auto-reinforcement, and a certain preload of the tension spring determines how quickly auto-reinforcement is used.

At first the last conductive part of the sled is hung on the sled towards the swing bar pointing forward in the sliding direction.

The above effects do not depend on whether the primary magnetic part and the secondary conductive part are fixed; for this arrangement, the pendulum part on the sled is the secondary conductive part of the eddy current brake, and the primary magnetic part of the eddy current brake is a U-shaped track with a gap, This arrangement is easiest to accommodate a thin secondary portion, the deeper the secondary portion enters the gap, the greater the coincidence and braking effect.

The final speed achieved in the braking zone can be adjusted in two ways:

The first method is to adjust the tension spring force of the bias. At a certain speed, the braking force generated by the eddy current brake will no longer be able to keep the secondary conductive part at the lower end position reached at the maximum overlap, as long as the overlap drops , the braking force becomes smaller and smaller, and can be accelerated to pull the secondary conductive part back to the upper end position, until there is only a minimum braking force at the end of the braking zone, with which the speed can be slightly changed, so the speed so determined is the final velocity.

The second method is to divide the braking area into multiple parts, and stop the original magnetic part at a certain distance. If the secondary conductive part passes through such a pause, there will be no braking force in a short time, so the secondary conductive part will be re-used. The tension spring pulls up, and there is a minimum overlap again when entering the next section, so the braking force must be increased again. If the sled slows down at this time, so that the braking force generated at the minimum overlap can no longer expand the overlap, only Maintain minimum braking force until the end of the braking zone.

There is likewise an improvement possible for a braking device which can be controlled externally by means of speed adjustment, the aim of which is always to allow faster sleds to brake better than slower sleds.

The invention takes into account that the braking device consists of individual brakes placed consecutively in the sliding direction, for which at least one speed sensor is required in order to know the speed of the sled when entering the braking area, and the control part of the individual brakes is provided, One or more individual brakes are thus responsive to the time the sled passes the braking zone, the greater the speed of the sled at the start of the braking zone, the greater the number of individual brakes actuated, as detailed below, The number of brakes that react is related to the weight of the sled and rider.

In this way, the speed when entering the braking zone is measured, and one or more individual brakes are controlled according to the purposeful braking action, for which an electromagnet is involved, which acts on the brake pads of the sled And in order to generate a braking force, the brake pads are pressed against the brake track, and the guide rail is structurally the same as the electromagnet.

The control time, that is, the increase in the current of the electromagnet should correspond to the time when the sled passes through the braking area. This time is obtained according to the speed of the sled, because there is no separate detection of when the brake pads are actually within the effective range of the energized electromagnet, so the control of a single Switching of the brake takes very little time.

If all individual brakes are not selected, then each time the individual brakes that are directly discharged at the end of the braking area are prioritized, the advantage is that fast sleds with multiple individual brakes working will no longer hit the front brakes in the braking area. sled.

Other constructions of the present invention have been explained in detail in patent application claims 38 and 39, where at least two braking zones are considered and the ski and occupants can be derived from the speed changes that occur in the first braking zone. Then in the second braking area or can determine the number of brakes that are effectively working, all this must take into account not only the weight but also the resulting speed changes, or can make the braking effect of a single brake and the respective resulting weight so that the resulting speed change can be determined only by the number of effectively operating individual brakes. The advantage of this second structure is that the number of effectively operating individual brakes can be determined independently of the weight of the person on the sled, because Weight is already taken into account when setting the individual solenoid strengths individually.

The final speed check records the actual deceleration that occurred, all of which will be crucial for riders on toboggan runs if they are to prevent unreasonable damage claims. This is accomplished by determining the clock time at which a certain test is to be performed or by comparing timekeeping videos.

Brief description of the drawings

The present invention is described in detail below according to various embodiments and 9 views, specifically as follows:

Fig. 1 Toboggan run with eddy current brake of the first type of construction

Fig. 2 The toboggan run with the eddy current brake of the second construction

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of brake slide with electromagnet control

Figure 4 Toboggan run with friction wheels

Figure 5 Details of the friction wheel transmission

Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the speed curve in the braking area

Figure 7 Toboggan run with eddy current brakes of other construction types

Figure 8 + Figure 8b toboggan run with eddy current brake, refer to Figure 7 upper side view

Figure 9 External brake arrangement in the braking area

Detailed ways

First of all, Figures 1 and 2 are introduced here, each of which shows a summer toboggan run structure in cross-sectional view, and in Figure 1 the sled 2 on the support 1 is illustrated, and Figure 2 shows the structure of the toboggan 2 Inside the chute 4, the sled 2 is composed of a bottom plate 3 with a plurality of rollable pulleys 5 at its lower end. On the column 6.

There are one or two seats 8 on the bottom plate 3, and a brake (not described in detail here) controlled by the skater is also provided, and the speed of the sled 2 can be reduced with this brake. Braking device 10, the braking device listed in this embodiment is a kind of eddy current brake 11, eddy current brake 11 has a primary magnetic part 12, and this part has two magnets 13 that are placed symmetrically and are connected with a magnetic yoke , so the primary magnetic part 12 forms a U-shape, and the secondary conductive part 14 moves in the U-shaped groove. For the secondary conductive part 14, a metal plate for inducing eddy current is involved.

The secondary conductive part 14 is hung on the guide rail 15 at the lower end of the base plate 3. The suspension means that the metal plate forming the secondary conductive part 14 can move up and down. A compression spring 16 supported on the metal plate should be installed in the guide rail 15. The lower end of the secondary conductive part 14 has a sled 17 (also can be a pulley here), and the sled 17 is supported on the yoke of the former magnetic part 12. In the sliding direction, the secondary conductive part 14 is fixed relative to the sled 2, so it acts on The braking force on it is transmitted to the sled.

The advantage of the secondary conductive part 14 guide rail 15 on the original magnetic part 12 is that the relative position of the original magnetic part 12 and the secondary conductive part 14 remains unchanged. If the weight on the sled is very heavy, the base plate 3 will be slightly bent.

These are also applicable to the structure of Fig. 2, where the original magnetic part 12 is provided at the lower end of the chute 4, and the secondary conductive part 14 moves on the slide 17 in the chute 4, and hangs on the bottom plate 3, in order to make the braking effect suitable Depending on the speed of the sled 2 without a purposeful change from the outside, the distance between the secondary conductive part 14 and the primary magnetic part 12 remains constant.

In above-mentioned two kinds of structures, can install a positioning device 18, utilize this device to change the position of primary magnetic part 12 guiding secondary conductive part 14, can change the size of the gap between primary magnetic part 12 and secondary conductive part 14 like this, this All the way to the ground to affect the braking action.

There can be several positioning means 18, so that successive sections of the eddy current brake 11 each have different braking characteristics, which in turn can be adapted to the current speed of the sled 2.

FIG. 3 shows another braking device, the ski 2 represented here in a side view, usually with one or more seats 8 on the bottom 3 of the ski 2 .

As described in detail here, the sled 2 should be equipped with a brake controlled by the rider, the brake first brake pad 20 can be controlled by a lever 21 and mechanical structure not described in detail here, the brake pad 20 is pressed against the brake 22, thus slowing down the sled 2 by the resulting friction. About the first brake pad 20 can be a single brake pad that is contained on the sled 2, but also can be a kind of double brake pad. According to the structure of Figure 3, it can be considered to install a ferromagnetic brake pad 23, which is fixed on the bottom plate 3 of the sled 2, can move vertically, and is kept in a basic position with a spring 24, and the brake pad 23 is in this position There is a certain distance with the brake track, which can be monolithic or double. There are a plurality of electromagnets 25, 25a, 25b, 25c at the lower end of the brake track 22, and the magnetic force of the electromagnets 25, 25a, 25b, 25c Acts on the ferromagnetic brake pad 23 of the passing sled 2 and attracts this brake pad to the brake track 22 against the force of the spring 24, thus applying a braking force to the sled 2 due to the electromagnets 25, 25a, 25b, 25c They are individually controllable so that their braking action can be varied along the braking zone, either by varying the distance of the individual electromagnets 25 , 25 a , 25 b , 25 c from the braking track 22 or by adapting the coil currents.

In the exemplary embodiment it is conceivable to install a separate ferromagnetic brake pad 23 in front of the brake pad 20 of the brake which is freely controlled by the rider, and it is also conceivable to use said brake pad for automatic braking.

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 schematically show the braking device of a kind of friction wheel 30 structure, and sled 2 bottom plate 3 has two side raceways 31, and friction wheel 30 can elastically rely on on the side raceway 31, and each friction wheel 30 or friction Wheel set is fixed on the lever 29, and lever can rely on on the gear fast 34 by means of a spring 33, and all this is obviously only suitable for a wheel in the view, and Fig. 4 illustrates a sled 2 that enters the braking area, and The side raceway 31 presses the friction wheel 30 to the side and releases it from the stopper 34 against the force of the spring 33, which determines the pressing force.

Each friction wheel 30 can be driven by an electric motor independently. As shown on the left, the friction wheels can be connected to each other by a transmission belt shown by a dotted line (as shown in the right figure). In addition, a transmission ratio will be considered, so the angular velocity of each friction wheel 30 can be Descend to the end of the braking zone.

As shown in detail in Fig. 5, each friction wheel 30 will have an idle function, which is made into a ratchet structure, and a saw-toothed ratchet 36 is arranged at the outer end of a driving wheel 35 driven by a motor, which swings with the friction wheel 30 An attached, spring 37 loaded latch 38 is inserted into the sawtooth type ratchet 36 .

As shown in the figure, if the driving wheel 35 is driven clockwise, the friction wheel 30 is driven together, because the spring 37 inserts the latch 38 into the saw-tooth ratchet 36 with a friction connection method, and the positions of the saw-tooth ratchet 36 and the latch 38 can prevent The friction wheel 30 turns faster than the driving wheel 35 because the latch 38 rests on the slope of the saw-tooth ratchet 36, if the sled 2 enters the braking zone at a speed greater than the angular velocity of the friction wheel 30, the friction wheel 30 and the retardation will be delayed. A frictional connection is created between the side raceways 31 of the sled 2 , which causes the sled 2 to decelerate. If the sled 2 slides slowly, the first friction wheel 30 is correspondingly slow and turns slower than the drive wheel 35, while the pin 38 slides over the thin surface of the saw-tooth ratchet 36, and the sled 2 reaches the friction when passing through the braking zone. Wheel 30, friction wheel 30 turns slowly than being equivalent to sled 2 speeds, then produced braking effect this moment.

In addition, the friction force between the driving wheel 35 and the friction wheel 30 can be adjusted so that a minimum friction force can be applied to the sled 2, thereby preventing the sled 2 from stopping completely, and if the sled 2 slides too slowly, it can be easily accelerated .

For this structure, the pressure of the friction wheel 30 on the side raceway 31 can be increased or decreased to increase the frictional force acting each time.

Figure 6 again shows the operating principle of the braking device, which diagrammatically illustrates a braking area 40 with a plurality of braking regulators 41, 41a, 41b, 41c, the braking regulators 41, 41a, 41b, 41c determines the play of the eddy current brake 11 or the contact force of the friction wheel 30 in the case of a friction wheel brake or the current of the electromagnets 25, 25a, 25b, 25c in the case of an electromagnetically controlled brake, in the braking area 40 Or the front is equipped with a plurality of speed sensors 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, which can measure the speed of the sled 2 when entering the braking area 40 and each actual passing situation in the braking area 40, an electronic control unit 43 is responsible for processing the signals of the speed sensors 42, 42a, 42b, 42c and sending the corresponding signals to the brake regulators 41, 41a, 41b, 41c, and a rated speed section diagram can be obtained with the electronic drawing unit, the speed section diagram Represented in the graph of the braking zone 40 in the form of a curve 44, on its Y-axis expressing speed in arbitrary units, as shown in the case of the curve 44, the speed of the sled 2 within the braking zone 40 cannot be higher than the maximum value 45 and cannot fall below the minimum of 46.

The actual speed represented by the straight line 47 can be higher than the maximum speed 45 , in which case the brake regulator 41 can be controlled to adjust the dashed diagram 48 , whereby the actual speed can gradually be converted to the nominal speed according to the curve 44 .

If the speed is lower than the maximum speed 45 before the braking area 40, such as represented by a straight line 49, this speed can be maintained at first until the end of the braking area 40. The speed can be greater than the rated speed by a straight line 49, in this case The last brake regulator 41c can be controlled in order to reduce the speed to a minimum speed value 46 .

However, it can also be designed such that initially a relatively light braking effect is applied to the braking area 40 so that the ski 2 is gradually lowered to the minimum value 46 over the entire braking area 40 .

An external brake control can be considered for the above structure. Another method is to use a power bank to power the sled. Such a system can be manufactured as a 24 volt system. From this, a portable generator that can power the sled can be imagined. , the brake adjuster can be mounted on the sled 2, the above-mentioned brake adjuster, the original magnetic part of the eddy current brake, the electromagnet of the electromagnetically controlled friction brake or the friction wheel of the friction wheel brake are specially introduced here. In addition the sled 2 can be equipped with a tachometer, with this configuration it is possible to measure the entire distance except the braking zone and to determine the speed profile, which specifies the maximum permissible speed in different parts of the slide, if the speed is exceeded At this speed, the brakes start to brake, independent of the rider, and the position of the sled 2 on the toboggan run can be determined by marking the toboggan run accordingly or by integrating the speed signal.

Fig. 7 is used to explain another kind of eddy current brake structure with improved speed control, and Fig. 7 is basically equivalent to Fig. 1, and secondary conductive part 14 is not at the bottom of original magnetic part 12, what will introduce now is that in view of original magnetic part 12 can Moving in the vertical direction, Figure 7 shows a summer toboggan run in cross-section and illustrates a sled 2 resting on a support 1, the sled 2 mainly having a base plate 3, at its lower end a number of rollers sliding on the support 1 5. The support 1 is fixed on the slope through many uprights 6 .

One or more seats 8 are arranged on the bottom plate 3, and a brake controlled by the skater (not described in detail here) is installed in addition, and the skater can reduce the speed of the sled 2 with this brake. The brake device 10 controlled by the skater, in the embodiment, this brake device can be realized by a kind of eddy current brake 11, the eddy current brake 11 mainly has a primary magnetic part 12, and the primary magnetic part 12 is mainly composed of two opposing It is composed of a magnet 13 connected with the yoke, the original magnetic part 12 forms a U shape, and the secondary conductive part 14 moves in the U-shaped groove formed here. For the secondary conductive part 14, a metal plate is involved, and the metal plate consists of a A non-magnetic but conductive material, such as aluminum or copper, induces eddy currents.

The position of the secondary conductive portion 14 is explained in detail below in side view in Figures 8a and 8b.

The sword-shaped secondary conductive part 14 is fixed on the bottom of the sled 2 with a mechanical structure composed of two swing bars 60 placed side by side, and one or more extension springs 61 fix the secondary conductive part 14 at the upper end position. The portion 14 enters only slightly the U-shaped groove 63 of the primary magnetic portion 12, so that the coincidence 64 indicated by the hatching between the primary magnetic portion 12 and the secondary conductive portion 14 is very small.

If the sled 2 enters the braking area of the primary magnetic part 12 equipped with a U-shape, then due to the small coincidence 64 between the primary magnetic part 12 and the secondary conductive part 14, at first there will be a weak braking force dependent on the speed of the sled 2 .

If the sled 2 is slow, the braking force is too weak to change the small overlap 64 illustrated in Figure 8a, the braking force remains at the starting level in the braking zone.

For a kind of fast sled 2, the braking force produced at the beginning is relatively large, and a kind of momentum acts on the position of the swing bar 60 on the sled 2, so the swing bar swings backward, and the sword-shaped secondary conductive part 14 then moves forward in an arc shape. Rearward movement, which is illustrated in FIG. 8 b , coincides 64 and brake force parameters increase at a rate determined by the tension spring 61 force.

This method can be used for automatic reinforcement by the mechanical structure itself, which is sensitive to the initial speed response of the sled 2 , without the need for measuring devices and control equipment.

Finally, an improved controller for external brakes should be introduced. FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a toboggan slide according to FIG. Discharged continuously and acts on a sled brake pad which can be pressed against the brake track by the magnetic force generated by electromagnets spaced the length of the brake pad, so only one or two solenoids in series at a time The iron is actually working, insofar as each electromagnet forms an individual brake.

Before the first braking area 40a, there is a speed sensor 42a, while the second speed sensor 42b is located in front of the second braking area 41b, and the third speed sensor 42c is behind the second braking area 40b. The sensors 42a, 42b, 42c are formed into a double grating, and there is a defined distance between the speed sensor 42a or 42b and the first electromagnet M1 or M2 of the rear braking zone 40a or 40b, the distance being measured such that the sled is at its highest The time required for the velocity to pass is equivalent to the time required to switch on the electromagnet in order to increase its full magnetic force.

In the first braking zone 40a, the electric currents of the electromagnets M1 to M4 should be constant, so the braking effect of each electromagnet is always the same. Much, the on-time should be maintained until the sled passes through the braking zone, the time of which can be conveniently determined from the resulting speed.

The last electromagnet in the braking range is switched on preferentially, and in individual cases it has also been found to be advantageous to leave gaps in the sequence of switched on electromagnets.

The speed of entering the second braking area can be measured by means of the second speed sensor 42b.

The invention can measure the weight of the sled including the weight of the skater at the same time, and the smaller the speed change in the first braking area, the greater the weight.

There are two possibilities here: In the first case, the electromagnets can be loaded with a constant current, so that the force generated by the electromagnets is always constant, which in this case can be determined by the braking weight and the speed to be achieved. Determines the number of solenoids that are switched on.

Another possibility is to apply current to the electromagnets in the second braking area 40b. The larger the braking weight, the greater the current. In this way, the braking force produced by each connected electromagnet can be substantially Proportional to brake weight, the number of solenoids that are switched on depends only on the desired speed change.

The overall deceleration in the braking area can be determined by the number of active solenoids.

This device control can be carried out by means of the brake 50 .

Related Designation Catalog

1 Bracket 29 Lever

2 sleds 30 friction wheels

3 bottom plate

4 chute 31 side raceway

5 pulleys 33 springs

34 blocks

6 columns 35 drive wheels

7 slopes

8 seats 36 zigzag ratchets

10 brake device 37 spring

38 pin

40 braking zones

11 Eddy current brake

12 Original magnetic part 41 Brake regulator

13 magnet 42 speed sensor

14 times conductive part 43 control unit

15 rails 44 curves

45 max

16 compression springs

17 skids 46 minimum

18 adjustment device 47 straight line

20 brake pads 48 linear curves

49 straight lines

21 lever 40a first braking zone

22 brake track 40b second braking area

23 ferromagnetic brake pad 42a first speed sensor

24 spring 42b second speed sensor

25 electromagnet 42c third speed sensor

50 Brakes

60 pendulum

61 extension spring

63 U-shaped groove

64 coincident

Claims (41)

1. A toboggan run with a near-ground-mounted downward rail for a sled carrying at least one person (2) that is gravity-driven on the toboggan run and has a brake that is freely controlled by the rider , the brake allows the speed of the toboggan (2) to always remain below the maximum achievable speed of the slide, and is characterized in that the toboggan run has at least one braking zone (40) having a A braking device (10) that is automatically controlled according to speed and acts on the sled. 2. The toboggan run according to claim 1, wherein the braking force based on the braking action is determined from the speed. 3. A toboggan run as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the braking is externally controllable. 4. The toboggan run according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one speed sensor (42) is provided for detecting the speed of the toboggan (2) when entering the braking zone (40). 5. The toboggan run according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one further speed sensor (42a) is used to detect the speed in the braking zone. 6. The toboggan run according to claim 5, characterized in that a plurality of speed sensors (42, 42a, 42b, 42c) are arranged in the braking area (40). 7. The toboggan run as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the braking device (10) is an eddy current brake (11). 8. The toboggan slide as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the eddy current brake (11) has a primary magnetic part (12) and a secondary conductive part (14), wherein one part should be hung on the sled (2 )superior. 9. The toboggan run according to claim 8, characterized in that the upper part of the toboggan (2) is to move on the toboggan run. 10. A toboggan run according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the gap between the primary magnetic part (12) and the conductive part (14) is variable. 11. The toboggan run according to claim 8, characterized in that the secondary conductive part (14) is fixed to the toboggan (2). 12. The toboggan run as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the braking device (10) is an electromagnetically actuated friction brake. 13. The toboggan run according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one ferromagnetic brake pad (23) moves on the sled (2) vertically in the sliding direction, the brake pad is at least partly made of ferromagnetic material . 14. The toboggan slideway as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that, on the sled (2), a plurality of electromagnets (25) are arranged continuously, and its electromagnetic force acts on the ferromagnetic brake pad (23), and the The brake pads are pulled or pressed against the brake track. 15. The toboggan run according to claim 14, characterized in that the electromagnets (25, 25a, 25b, 25c) are individually operable. 16. A toboggan run according to claim 13, characterized in that the ferromagnetic brake pads (23) are part of a brake which is freely controlled by the rider. 17. The toboggan run according to claim 13, characterized in that the brake pads (20) are to be mounted in front of the ferromagnetic brake pads (23) of the freely controllable brake. 18. The toboggan run as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the braking device (10) has friction wheels (30). 19. The toboggan run according to claim 18, characterized in that a plurality of friction wheels (30) are provided in the sliding direction, the first friction wheel having a rotational speed corresponding to the rated speed of the sled (2). speed, and the subsequent friction wheels each have a smaller angular velocity, and the friction wheels (30) have an idle function. 20. The toboggan runway according to claim 19, characterized in that there is a friction wheel (30) side raceway (31) on the sled (2), the side raceway being at least the distance between two friction wheels . 21. The toboggan run as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that the freewheel function has a friction coupling. 22. The toboggan run as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the braking zone (40) is arranged before the accident-prone section of the toboggan run. 23. The toboggan run according to claim 22, characterized in that the braking area (40) is to be located directly in front of the deceleration area on the toboggan run. 24. The toboggan slide as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that, in the deceleration zone of the toboggan slide, another braking device (10) should be installed, and the braking device can automatically decelerate the toboggan (2) to a speed that allows the rider to leave the sled (2). 25. The toboggan run as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that the other braking device (10) is a brake band. 26. The toboggan run according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the toboggan (2) is powered by an electric row and the movement of the toboggan (2) is controlled by a brake regulator (41, 41a, 41b, 41c). brake action. 27. Method of controlling a device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the speed of the sled in the braking zone can be tested or converted continuously and/or stepwise, comparing a certain current speed with a certain rated speed Speed comparisons and brakes may be adjusted by a suitably programmed controller so that the current speed is within or close to tolerance of rated speed. 28. A method as claimed in claim 27, characterized in that the control method is no more than a maximum rated deceleration. 29. The toboggan run according to claim 7, characterized in that the eddy current brake (11) has a primary magnetic part (12) and a secondary conductive part (14), and the two parts (12, 14) are manufactured The moving area (40) coincides. Therefore, a braking force acting on the sled (2) can be formed by an induced eddy current and the two parts (12, 14) can be relatively moved with a mechanical structure to change the coincidence (64). ) The braking force in ) increases coincidence (64) between the primary magnetic portion (12) and the secondary conductive portion (14) when the sled enters the braking zone (40). 30. The toboggan run as claimed in claim 29, characterized in that the mechanical structure defines a limit value, depending on the transmitted braking force, below which the overlap (64) cannot be enlarged. 31. A toboggan run according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the upper part of the toboggan (2) is moved vertically relative to the toboggan (2) to change the coincidence (64). 32. The toboggan run as claimed in claim 31, characterized in that the upper part of the toboggan (2) is suspended by swing and is suspended at the upper end by a tension spring (61), forming a joint with the other part in this position. Small coincidence. 33. The toboggan run according to claim 32, characterized in that the upper part of the toboggan (2) is suspended from a pendulum (60) of the toboggan (2), and the pendulum is directly facing forward in the sliding direction. 34. The toboggan slideway according to any one of claims 29 to 33, characterized in that, the hanging part of the sled (2) is the secondary conductive part (14) of the eddy current brake (11), and the original magnet of the eddy current brake (11) The section (12) is a U-shaped rail with a gap to accommodate the thin secondary conductive section (14). 35. The toboggan run according to any one of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that the biasing force of the extension spring (61) can be adjusted so that the braking force produced by the eddy current brake (11) at a certain speed At maximum coincidence it is no longer possible to hold the secondary conductive part ( 14 ) at the lower end. 36. A toboggan run according to claims 29 to 35, characterized in that the primary magnet portions (12) are intermittent at certain intervals. 37. The toboggan run according to claim 4, characterized in that the braking device (10) consists of a single brake arranged in the direction of travel, at least one speed sensor (42a, 42b), which sensor The speed can be measured during the braking area (40a, 40b), and the individual brake control is arranged such that one or more brakes work during the sled (2) passing through the braking area (40a, 40b), the measured The greater the speed of the sled at the beginning of the braking zone (40a, 40b), the greater the number of individual brakes that are active. 38. The toboggan run as claimed in claim 37, characterized in that the individual brakes which are active at a time are preferentially arranged directly at the end (40a, 40b) of the braking zone. 39. The toboggan run according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that at least the second braking area (40b) is connected to the first braking area (40a) in the sliding direction, and in the braking area (40a, 40b) each has a speed sensor (42a, 42b) before it, which can measure the speed when the sled (2) enters the respective braking zone (40a, 40b), and can install the control part of a single brake, that is, according to the first The resulting speed change in the braking zone (40a) can measure the weight of the sled (2) and the rider, and the braking action of each individual brake in the second braking zone (40b) can be adjusted accordingly. 40. The toboggan run according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that at least the second braking area (40b) is connected to the first braking area (40a) in the sliding direction, and in the braking area (40a, 40b) each has a speed sensor (42a, 42b) in front of it, which can measure the speed of the sled (2) when it enters the respective braking zone (40a, 40b), and can install the control part of a single brake, that is, according to the The resulting speed change in a braking zone (40a) measures the weight of the ski (2) and rider and measures the amount of brakes to be operated taking into account the resulting speed change. 41. The toboggan run according to any one of claims 37 to 40, characterized in that a speed sensor (42c) is mounted at the end of the final braking zone, which can (40b) its speed is measured and has an electronic memory which stores the measured speed along with other data identifying the sled so that it can be viewed by a person.

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