CN1415810A - Main body architecture of folk house of Dai nationality built by packaged type plate column system with integral prestressing force being applied - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to building a main structure of a Dai nationality dwelling with an integral prestressed assembled plate-column system, and belongs to the technical field of construction engineering. The overall prestressed assembled slab-column system improved by the inventor is adopted, and the size of the prefabricated components is miniaturized and standardized, and used as the main load-bearing structure of the Dai folk houses, so as to maintain the traditional style of the houses, improve living conditions, reduce material consumption, and improve The purpose of seismic performance of structures. The present invention is not only applicable to Dai folk houses, but also applicable to the renewal of other wooden frame load-bearing residential structures, and can also be used as the main structure of houses in villages and towns and small towns, and has a wide range of applications.

Description

Constructing the main structure of Dai people's dwellings with integral prestressed assembled slab-column system

Field:

The invention relates to building a main structure of a Dai nationality dwelling with an integral prestressed assembled plate-column system, and belongs to the technical field of construction engineering.

Background technique:

The traditional dwellings of the Dai people adopt a full-wood structure for load-bearing, the ground floor is elevated, and there are columns but no walls. An average of 60m ³ of wood is needed to build a traditional dwelling, which is equivalent to about one mu of forest stock. In recent years, with the increase of the ethnic population and the improvement of living standards, the number of residential buildings has been increasing year by year, which has brought huge pressure on the already scarce forest resources. The forest coverage rate of Xishuangbanna has dropped from 66.9% in 1950 to 1995. 28%, the reduction can be described as shocking! The material foundation on which the traditional residential structure system depends is in jeopardy. In 1997, about 4,000 to 6,000 households were newly built in Xishuangbanna, which means that in this year alone, nearly 6,000 mu of forest resources were consumed for building houses in rural areas. Although the forest coverage rate in Xishuangbanna has gradually risen to 43.8%, the actual timber resources continue to decline. Now that the entire prefecture is closed to cultivate forests, the price of timber has soared, which has put the development of traditional dwellings in a dilemma: on the one hand, the number of new houses built by the Dai people continues to increase; on the other hand, the sources of materials for traditional dwellings are increasingly exhausted. A reasonable solution to this contradiction will be of great significance to the sustainable development of Xishuangbanna Prefecture.

Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid economic development of Xishuangbanna Prefecture, the living standards of the Dai people have been improving day by day, and they have begun to spontaneously carry out the construction practice of new houses of the Dai people (hereinafter referred to as new houses). The local government has also consciously strengthened the exploration and practice of new dwellings. Affected by various factors, the structural system of the Dai people’s housing has shown unprecedented changes, and these changes are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. A large number of brick-wood structures are used, and a small amount of brick-concrete structures are used; the structural force is characterized by brick walls bearing weight, and the roof structure is wooden trusses or reinforced concrete flat roofs (for brick-concrete structures);

2. Brick column load-bearing structure, the roof is wood structure;

3. Reinforced concrete cast-in-place frame structure, the roof is wooden structure;

It can be seen from the above aspects that although the structural forms of new residential buildings tend to be diversified, the starting point for their renewal is nothing more than replacing wood with bricks and concrete, which reduces the consumption of forest resources to a certain extent and protects the forest resources. However, the above-mentioned structural forms have shortcomings and are not an ideal structural system for sustainable development of Dai folk houses. This is because:

1. The load-bearing system of the brick wall makes the overhead of the ground floor disappear, loses the characteristics of traditional dry railings, and destroys the light and transparent architectural style of traditional dwellings. At the same time, this system will also consume a large amount of land resources. In 1997, Xishuangbanna Prefecture was exposed by CCTV's "Focus Interview" program for wasting land resources to burn clay bricks. This system should not be continued to be promoted;

2. There are huge potential safety hazards in the brick-column support structure. The structure has low integrity and basically does not have earthquake resistance. Once an earthquake occurs, it will bring heavy loss of life and property to the occupants. Therefore, this system has no further promotion value, and the existing brick-column load-bearing residential buildings should be strengthened immediately;

3. The seismic performance of cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures is good, but sufficient water and electricity supply is required at the construction site, which is difficult to promote in terms of underdeveloped rural infrastructure conditions. The long construction period of the cast-in-place structure, the large consumption of formwork, and the high construction cost are also one of the restrictive factors that make it difficult to popularize and apply the system in a large area. Residential buildings are small in scale and are generally constructed by small contractor teams. It is difficult to guarantee the quality of building materials and construction, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the construction industry in ethnic minority areas.

Invention content:

The present invention intends to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and combines the structural characteristics of the traditional dwellings of the Dai nationality, adopts the overall prestressed assembled slab column system (CN00207562.8, CN00207561.x, application number 01108628.9) improved by the inventor, and makes the prefabricated components The size is miniaturized and standardized, and it is used as the main load-bearing structure of the Dai folk houses, so as to maintain the traditional style of the houses, improve living conditions, reduce material consumption, and improve the seismic performance of the structure.

The specific structure is that the floor slab adopts an integral prestressed assembled slab-column structure, and the prestressed reinforcement of the open channel adopts the configuration method of centralization in the middle of the span and scattered support, and combines the two reinforcement methods of straight line and broken line. The sloping roof support system adopts an integral prestressed assembled beam-column structure; the prestressed reinforcement can be either unbonded prestressed reinforcement or bonded prestressed reinforcement; standard prefabricated components are used to combine flexible and changeable planes; Breaking through the existing "Integral Prestressed Prefabricated Slab-column Building Technical Regulations" on the limitation of the section size of reinforced concrete prefabricated components, all prefabricated components have been miniaturized, and the section dimensions of prefabricated columns in actual projects are respectively 220×220 and 250 ×250.

Building the main structure of Dai folk houses with integral prestressed assembled slab-column system has the following advantages:

(1) Use less (or no) wood to protect forest resources; do not use brick walls to bear loads and protect cultivated land;

(2) The traditional features of the dwellings are maintained, such as the elevated ground floor and sloping roofs;

(3) Improve the living quality of Dai folk houses, such as the free division of planes, the preset of variable spaces, etc.;

(4) Strong earthquake resistance, fire prevention, corrosion resistance and good durability;

(5) It is easy to construct, does not have high requirements for on-site water and electricity conditions, but relies more on special construction equipment, short construction period, less on-site labor, less water and electricity consumption, components can be placed in place manually, and no lifting machinery is required. Not only can it be used in economically developed areas It can also be extended to remote areas; the system has high technical content and can only be constructed by professional teams, which is convenient for construction quality control.

(6) The invention is not only applicable to the residential houses of the Dai nationality, but also applicable to the renewal of other wooden frame load-bearing residential structures, and can also be used as the main structure of houses in villages and towns and small towns, with a wide range of applications;

(7) It has a strong ability to adapt to uneven settlement of the foundation, and does not have high requirements for foundation conditions;

(8) If unbonded prestressed steel strands are used for prestressed tendons, all prefabricated components (beams, slabs, columns, pads, etc.) can be removed without damage, so that these components can be reused, effectively saving energy and material consumption , to reduce the generation of waste, which is of great significance for reducing the damage to the natural ecosystem and reducing environmental pollution, and meets the requirements of sustainable development;

Description of drawings:

Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic diagram of the second floor slab (integral prestressed assembled slab-column structure) and slope roof support system (integral prestressed assembled beam-column structure);

Accompanying drawing 2 is a schematic diagram of the layout of unbonded (or bonded) prestressed tendons in the open groove 3;

Accompanying drawing 3 is the sectional schematic diagram of the main structure of the Dai nationality dwellings of the overall prestressed assembled slab-column system;

Detailed ways:

At present, nearly ten Dai folk houses have been built in Xishuangbanna Prefecture. The indoor 1:2.7 model test of the Yunnan Provincial Seismic Research Institute and the actual engineering field load test verification show that, combined with the structural characteristics of the Dai people, it is feasible to miniaturize the reinforced concrete prefabricated components, and the safety reserve is completely guaranteed (floor piled load 6.5kN/ ^m2 , prefabricated components and mortar joints have no cracks, and the mid-span deflection is 0.3mm); in order to cooperate with the further promotion of the present invention, the inventor is compiling the "IMS System Dai Minority Residential Main Structure Design Standard Atlas".

Example 1 (the construction process of building the main structure of the Dai folk houses with the integral prestressed prefabricated slab-column system)

(1) The prefabricated column 1, the prefabricated side beam 5, the prefabricated floor 3 and the spacer 6 are hoisted in place, and the joint 9 and the open groove 4 are formed between the floor 3 and the floor 3, and between the floor 3 and the side beam 5;

(2) Use high-strength and early-strength micro-expansion for the joints between side beam 5 and column 1, the joint between floor 3 and column 1, the joint between side beam 5 and pad 6, and the joint between floor 3 and pad 6 Mortar 2 is filled and compacted by vibrating and curing;

(3) After the strength of the above-mentioned joint material 2 meets the design requirements, the unbonded (or bonded) prestressed tendons 7 and 8 are penetrated into the reserved holes of the column 1 and the spacer 6 and put in place; according to the design requirements Tension unbonded prestressed tendons (or bonded) 7, 8;

(4) Prestressed steel strand channel grouting, open groove 4 and joint 9 are filled and maintained with high-strength micro-expansion mortar; when the prestressed tendon channel grouting and the mortar in open channel 4 and joint 9 reach the design strength, The support was removed, and the construction of the second floor slab (integral prestressed assembled slab-column structure) was completed.

(5) The prefabricated roof beam 12 is hoisted in place, and the joint 10 is formed between the prefabricated roof beam 12 and the prefabricated column 1;

(6) The joints 10 are filled with high-strength, early-strength micro-expansion mortar, vibrated and compacted, and maintained;

(7) After the strength of the above-mentioned joint material meets the design requirements, insert the unbonded (or bonded) prestressed tendons 11 into the reserved holes of the columns 1 and prefabricated roof beams 12 and place them in place, and stretch them according to the design requirements. Adhesive (or bonded) prestressed tendons 11;

(8) Prestressed steel strand channel grouting and maintenance; when the prestressed steel strand channel grouting reaches the design strength, the support is removed, and the construction of the sloping roof support system (integral prestressed assembled beam-column structure) is completed; it is built with the improved IMS system The construction process of the main structure of the Dai people's dwellings has also come to an end.

Example 2 (demolition of the main structure of Dai folk houses in the unbonded prestressed integral prestressed prefabricated slab-column system):

(1) Set up temporary support on the structure to be demolished;

(2) Eliminate the prestress of the unbonded prestressed tendons 11, 7, 8 sequentially by the end unloading method, and extract the unbonded prestressed tendons 11, 7, 8;

(3) Due to the loss of prestress, the roof beam 12 is separated from the prefabricated column 1 at the joint 10; the floor 3, the side beam 5 and the pad 6 are separated at the joint 9 and the open groove 4, and they are separated by lifting equipment lift back to the ground;

(4) Clean up the remaining mortar on the exterior of column 1, floor slab 3, side beam 5 and cushion block 6, roof beam 12 and in the reserved holes, and put them together for later use.

Claims (1)

The main structure of the Dai dwellings is built with the integral prestressed assembled slab-column system, which is characterized in that the integral prestressed assembled slab-column system is used as the main load-bearing structure of the Dai dwellings, that is, the floor adopts an integral prestressed assembled slab-column structure, and the sloping roof supports The system adopts integral prestressed assembled beam-column structure.

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