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CN1498199A - 多相合成化合物的方法和设备 - Google Patents

多相合成化合物的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1498199A
CN1498199A CNA028039122A CN02803912A CN1498199A CN 1498199 A CN1498199 A CN 1498199A CN A028039122 A CNA028039122 A CN A028039122A CN 02803912 A CN02803912 A CN 02803912A CN 1498199 A CN1498199 A CN 1498199A
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����ŵ����Ƥ
埃尔曼诺·菲利皮
恩里科·里齐
米尔科·塔罗佐
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Abstract

通过各自气态反应物的催化转化多相合成化合物例如甲醇和氨的方法,所述气态反应物通过彼此串联连接的第一(2)和第二(3)反应区,其中它们在假等温条件下反应,该方法的特征在于在第一反应区(2)中,气态反应物流过固定量的合适的催化剂,其中安插了多个并排排列并被热交换工作流体穿越的、基本上是盒式的、板形的热交换器(21)。

Description

多相合成化合物的方法和设备
申请领域
在其较宽的方面,本发明涉及一种多相合成化合物例如甲醇和氨的方法。
特别是,本发明涉及这种类型的方法,其包含彼此串联连接的两个反应区,以便在所谓的假等温条件下进行催化的化学反应,其中,将反应温度控制在预定最佳数值周围的有限范围数值内。
本发明还涉及一种实施前述方法的设备。
现有技术
在化合物如甲醇和氨的工业生产领域,众所周知需要开发在低投资额和能量耗费的条件下,具有高的反应物转化率的多相合成方法和具有大容量的设备。
为了满足上述需要,在本领域已提议了一种甲醇合成的方法,其包含彼此串联连接的两个反应区,并在假等温条件,即去除反应热的条件下操作,其中通过与进料到第一反应区的新鲜的、再循环的反应物流间接热交换来去除在第二反应区过量形成的热量。
EP-A-0 790 226描述了这种方法。然而为了正确操作并达到理想的经济效益,第一反应区必需由管束交换器组成,并且相应的管中填充了合适的催化剂。在管的内部通过气态反应物H2和CO,而管的外部被作为热交换工作流体的水流冲洗(伴随产生蒸汽)。这种类型的反应器是例如US-A-4 559 207中所描述的反应器。
GB-A-2 203 427也证实了在合成甲醇的两步法的第一反应区中需要使用这种特定种类的反应器。
尽管在各方面是有利的,但上述方法具有相应的并且公认的技术缺陷,其在工业水平上对所考虑的化学反应的进展或完成程度(转化率)以及各个设备的生产能力产生一定的限制。
事实上,刚描述的管束反应器意味着结构和应用的复杂性,使得仅允许加工相当小的反应体积,如EP-A-0 790 226所述,产生了削弱可用这类反应器获得的转化率和生产能力的缺点。
关于较大反应体积的管束反应器,除了如果可能应用,具有非常困难的特点外,需要如此高的投资额,使得两步反应的方法不再节省成本。
为了克服这种缺点,GB-A-2 203 427提议使用高效催化剂,然而,其除了仅部分解决了管束反应器中低转化和生产率的问题以外,是非常昂贵的。
结果,由于前述缺点,依照现有技术的方法不能以相对节省成本、技术上简单并且可靠的方式获得高转化率和高生产能力。
发明概述
本发明的技术难题是提供一种多相合成化合物如甲醇和氨的方法,其易于开发,并且在低投资额和能量耗费的情况下,能在具有大容量的化学设备中获得高转化率,克服了现有技术的缺点。
依照本发明,用通过各个气态反应物的催化转化来多相合成化合物如甲醇和氨的方法解决了上述技术难题,所述气态反应物穿过彼此串联连接的第一和第二反应区,在其中它们在假等温条件下反应,该方法的特征在于这个事实,即在所述第一反应区中,使气态反应物流过固定量的适当催化剂,其中安插了许多并排排列,并被热交换工作流体穿越的基本上是盒式、板形的热交换器。
有利地,与现有技术的常规教导相反,已令人惊讶地发现,由于前述特征,在上述类型的方法中,以简单、可靠并且节省成本的方式可显著提高第一反应区的转化率和生产能力。
在这种情况下,可在大容量的化学设备中大量并且高转化率地生产前述化合物,其在技术开发上是简单的,并且不意味着高能量耗费和高投资和维护成本。
本发明还涉及具有适于实施前述方法的结构和功能特征的化学设备。
参照附图,从本发明的指示性和非限制实施方案的描述中,依照本发明的方法的特征和优势将变得更清楚。
附图简述
图1表示以常规和示意性方式的方框图,举例说明了实施依照本发明实施方案的方法的设备。
图2图解表示了详细的由图1的方框图表示的设备的纵向部分。
附图详述
在图1中,图解说明了依照本发明的生产甲醇或氨的设备的所有主要元件,其整体用数字1表示。
设备1包含彼此串联连接的第一反应区2和第二反应区3。
在反应区2和3内部,以本质上已知的方式,提供反应区4以收藏固定量的适当催化剂,未显示。
反应区2和3,当发挥功能时,在假等温条件下运转,因此分别安装以热交换单元5和6,在反应区4中安插到所述催化剂中。
通过间接热交换控制在第一反应区2的区域4中的反应温度,所述间接热交换通过使热交换流体在单元5内流动来实现,如箭头所示。在放热反应如甲醇或氨合成的情况下,热交换流体为例如水。在这种穿越过程中,水转变成蒸汽,或简单地预热以随后在置于反应区外部的专用锅炉中产生蒸汽,(未显示)。
通过间接热交换控制在第二反应区3的区域4中的反应温度,所述间接热交换通过使气态反应物流,为了进料到第一反应区2,作为热交换流体在热交换单元6内流动来实现。在这方面,管道7,其以流体形式与热交换单元6相通,在这个单元6处进入到第二反应区3,然后从其中出来并进入到第一反应区2的反应区4。
管道7,以及单元6被气态反应物流穿越,所述气态反应物流例如用于甲醇合成的H2和CO,用于氨合成的H2和N2,均为新鲜并且再循环的。
而且,数字8表示的管道使第一反应区2的区域4的出口与第二反应区的区域4的入口流体相通,以向其中进料反应混合物,所述反应混合物包含甲醇或氨和在第一反应区2中获得的未反应的气态反应物。
从第二反应区3的区域4出来,最后排列管道9以排出终反应混合物,其除了甲醇或氨以外,也包含一部分未反应的气态反应物。
在与管道9流体相通并且未显示的图1的设备的区域,从反应混合物中分离如此获得的甲醇和氨,并且存在于这种混合物中的气态反应物通过管道7与新鲜进料气态反应物再循环到第一反应区2。
依照本发明的特征,除了被安插到反应区4的催化剂中,热交换单元5由许多并排排列并被热交换工作流体穿越的基本上是盒式、板形的热交换器组成,如在图2中所见,图2更详细地表示了第一反应区2。
在该图中,第一反应区2由假等温反应器组成,所述反应器包含圆柱形壳体10,其在相对末端被各自上底11和下底12封闭,和包含安装以板形元件的热交换单元5,将在下述描述中对其举例说明。
上底12安装以喷嘴13,以使来自图1管道7的气态反应物进入到反应器2中,和喷嘴14、15,以分别使热交换工作流体进入热交换单元5或从热交换单元5中出来。
下底11安装以喷嘴16,以使来自反应器2的反应混合物的流出物与图1的管道8流体相通。
在壳体10内,安装以反应区4,其包含本质上已知的环形催化床17,其开口向上并且侧壁被打孔,以为了气态反应物径向或轴-径向穿越催化床。
催化床17的内壁在其内部形成通路18,上部被封盖19封闭,并通过接头20与喷嘴16流体相通,以排出反应混合物。
在反应区4,并且更精确地,在催化床17的内部,以本质上常规的方式安装以热交换单元5,并安插到大量适当催化剂中,未表示。
依照该实施方案,热交换单元5具有基本上圆柱形的外形,并且包含大量扁平的、基本上是盒式的、板形的、具有平行六面体外形的热交换器21,其并排排列成同轴并同心的元件(基本上是放射状排列)。
更具体地,尽管未表示,每个热交换器21优选由一对通过周焊接以预定距离的关系相互连接的并列金属板组成,使得隔室21a(用虚线表示)介于它们之间,意图为了被热交换工作流体穿越。
对于所述的工作流体,在各热交换器21相对长的侧面22,每个热交换器21分别安装以分布管23和集合管24。为了所述工作液体,管23和24在一个侧面通过至少一个,但优选通过多个开口或孔洞(未表示)与所述隔室21a流体相通,其中,沿着一个或多个母体,并且在对面,在交换器21的外部,通过各自的入口和出口管道接头25和26来安装它们。接头25和26反过来分别与喷嘴14和15相连。
为了在径向或基本上径向的方向上,促进被热交换器6的热交换工作流体穿越,优选将隔室21a分成多个部分,彼此不直接相通,并例如通过相应多个焊缝或分开的隔板(用虚线表示)来获得,所述焊缝或隔板垂直延伸至交换器21的分布管23和集合管24。
由于第一反应区2的这个实施方案,可能依照本发明来实施该方法,其中使气态反应物流过这个反应区的固定量的合适的催化剂,其中安插了多个并排排列的,并被热交换工作流体穿越的、基本上是盒式的、板形的热交换器。
在这种情况下,可能有利地以一种简单、可靠并且经济的方式开发即使在大空间(体积)反应的情况下,也具有低能量耗费的第一反应区2。
换句话说,安插到催化物质中的板形热交换器的存在,除了作为间接热交换元件特别有效以外,允许任意进行第一反应区2的尺寸定位,并因此在这个反应区获得高转化率和高生产能力,有利于整体的转化率以及开发具有大容量的设备。
因此设想可对本发明进行改变和修改,所有均在后附的权利要求中所限定的保护范围内。
例如,依照本发明优选的实施方案,来自第一反应区2并且通过管道8进料到第二反应区3的反应混合物可借助于在常规类型的热交换器27中间接热交换被有利地冷却,所述热交换器27在图1中用虚线表示。这样,不仅可能回收热量,以生产例如在蒸汽设备的其它部分中使用的蒸汽,而且最重要的是,可能控制第二反应区3的入口温度并因此控制它的转化率。
备选地,还可能预测部分“新鲜”的气态反应物和/或部分再循环的反应物通过管道28被直接进料到第一反应区2,而不经过第二反应区3。
热交换单元6可以是常规类型,即是管束型或蛇管的形式,或有利地,它也可由多个参照图2所描述的板形热交换器组成。在这种情况下,可能获得化学设备的转化率和生长能力的进一步提高。
依照本发明的另一个实施方案,未描述,第一和第二反应区2,3可封闭在一个单一的合成反应器中,而不象是图1的实例具有两个反应器。
在反应区内部运转条件的温度是甲醇或氨合成的常规温度。只要考虑到压力运转条件特别满足已通过基本上在相同压力下运转两个反应区2和3而获得的结果即可,并且对于甲醇合成优选50-100巴,对于氨合成,为50-300巴,优选80-150巴。

Claims (6)

1.通过各自气态反应物的催化转化多相合成甲醇或氨的方法,所述气态反应物通过彼此串联连接的第一(2)和第二(3)反应区,在这些反应区中所述气态反应物在假等温条件下进行反应,该方法的特征在于,在所述第一反应区(2)中,使气态反应物流过固定量的一种合适的催化剂,在其中安插了多个并排排列并且被热交换工作流体穿越的、基本上是盒式的、板形的热交换器(21)。
2.依照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于在所述反应区(2,3)内部的压力基本相同。
3.依照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于所述气态反应物在所述第二反应区(3)内部与反应混合物间接热交换后进料到所述第一反应区(2),所述反应混合物进料到后面的反应区(3)并且来自所述第一反应区(2)。
4.依照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于将来自所述第一反应区(2)的反应混合物进料到所述第二反应区(3)中,并且所述第二反应区(3)预先进行间接热交换,以便控制所述第二反应区(3)的入口温度。
5.依照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于将包含“新鲜”气态反应物和再循环气态反应物的气态反应物的混合物进料到所述第一反应区(2),所述再循环的气态反应物被来自所述第二反应区(3)的反应混合物适当地分离。
6.通过气态反应物的催化转化多相合成甲醇或氨的设备,其包含彼此串联连接的第一(2)和第二(3)反应区,排列在所述第一和第二反应区(2,3)中的各自的热交换单元(5,6),其特征在于在所述第一反应区(2)中,热交换单元(5)安插到催化物质中,并且包含多个并排排列的、基本上是盒式的、板形的热交换器(21),以便被热交换工作流体穿越。
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CN109310969A (zh) * 2016-06-21 2019-02-05 托普索公司 轴向/径向流动转化器
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CN113226536A (zh) * 2019-02-01 2021-08-06 托普索公司 板式换热器与放热反应器的结合使用

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