CN1446290A - 压缩机 - Google Patents
压缩机 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1446290A CN1446290A CN01813708A CN01813708A CN1446290A CN 1446290 A CN1446290 A CN 1446290A CN 01813708 A CN01813708 A CN 01813708A CN 01813708 A CN01813708 A CN 01813708A CN 1446290 A CN1446290 A CN 1446290A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C18/08—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C18/08—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
- F04C18/12—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
- F04C18/123—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with radially or approximately radially from the rotor body extending tooth-like elements, co-operating with recesses in the other rotor, e.g. one tooth
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/10—Stators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/20—Rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0436—Iron
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0436—Iron
- F05C2201/0439—Cast iron
- F05C2201/0442—Spheroidal graphite cast iron, e.g. nodular iron, ductile iron
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0466—Nickel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/90—Alloys not otherwise provided for
- F05C2201/903—Aluminium alloy, e.g. AlCuMgPb F34,37
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
- F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
- F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
- F05C2203/0813—Carbides
- F05C2203/0817—Carbides of silicon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
- F05C2251/042—Expansivity
- F05C2251/046—Expansivity dissimilar
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Rotary Pumps (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
压缩机,具有两个分别借助于一轴可旋转地支承在一壳体(10)内的转子(14、16),它们与壳体不接触地旋转。转子(14、16)由粉末冶金的铝硅合金组成,壳体(10)基本上由铝组成。
Description
本发明涉及一种压缩机,具有一壳体和至少一个借助于轴可旋转地支承在壳体内的转子,所述转子与壳体不接触地旋转。
通常压缩机需要冷却,以排出在压缩过程中产生的热量。由于费用方面的原因大多放弃直接对转子和轴进行冷却。这样转子的冷却只能通过输送介质流和通过直接冷却的壳体间接进行。
由于壳体的直接冷却,例如通过气流或水套,和转子的仅仅间接冷却,在运行时壳体和转子之间出现大的温差。这个温差在设计间隙时必须加以考虑。转子较大的热膨胀通过在冷态时采取较大的间隙加以考虑。在冷态时的间隙量和在运行状态时,亦即在温差大致为100°K时的间隙量的差别称为间隙差。为了在任何情况下都防止转子咬死,间隙量按照通过不同的压缩比和转速产生的最大热负荷确定。通过间隙差的考虑,确定在冷态时间隙量的大小。但是人们力求,将间隙做得尽可能小,以减小回流和加大容积效率以及等熵效率。
这种考虑在实际上促成具有小的热膨胀的材料的应用。作为标准材料,对于壳体采用带有片状石墨的铸铁、对于转子采用带有球状石墨的铸铁。热膨胀系数分别为αk=10.5-6/K。在采用铸铁做壳体和转子时和当转子的外径例如为100mm时,对于间隙减小得到一约为0.1mm的数值。由此可以得到令人满意的效率。相反不考虑采用象铝这样的材料,这是因为由于超过两倍这么大的热膨胀,间隙减小的相应数值为约0.24mm,因此在冷态时间隙量必须是两倍多,由此大大加大了泄漏损失。
通过本发明创造这样一种压缩机,使得尽管采用铝作材料,仍具有小的间隙量和相当高的效率。按照本发明,转子由粉末冶金制造的、含硅铝材组成,壳体主要由铝组成。用于壳体的铝基本上是指纯铝或铝合金,它们具有典型的比较大的约为23.8×10-6/K的热膨胀系数。而粉末冶金制造的含硅铝材通常只有16×10-6/K的热膨胀系数。同样以转子直径为100mm计,在按本发明的材料组合时当温差为100°K时得到一间隙减小,它计算如下:
SWA=(αk1×ΔT1-αk2×ΔT2)×L。
间隙减小量为0.113mm,因此几乎并不大于在采用铸铁做壳体和转子时的相应数值。
采用铝代替铸铁带来明显的好处,特别是较小的重量、较短的加工时间、耐腐蚀、较少的制造费用。
在一种优选的实施形式中,在转子表面上涂一绝热层。通过这个绝热层减少了从受压缩的输送介质传到转子上的热量。热流更多地通过转子的轴排出。通过绝热层减少了的转子发热导致较小的热膨胀,因此允许较小的间隙量,由此提高效率。
本发明其他的特征和优点由对于压缩机两个实施例的以下说明和附图得到。附图中表示:
图1一打开的凸轮压缩机朝转子方向的示意视图;
图2一种变型实施方案的相应视图;和
图3另一种变型实施方案。
图1中举例表示的压缩机具有一总体以10表示的、带一内腔12的壳体,此内腔由两个相交的同样大小的部分圆柱体组成。在内腔12内安装两个双翼叶的摇杆式活塞(Wlzkolben)形式的转子14、16。每个转子14、16安装在一相应的轴18、20上。两个相互平行的轴18、20通过一(未画出的)传动箱相互同步。转子14、16在内腔12内旋转,相互不接触,也不与内腔12的壁接触。它们相互对滚,这时形成大小变化的工作腔,其中发生内压缩。
在压缩机运行时产生的热量主要通过冷却壳体10排出。为此目的,壳体10具有许多冷却筋,这些冷却筋被气流环绕流动。受热的废气在图中通过箭头形象表示。转子14、16和轴18、20没有直接冷却。热流的一部分通过轴18、20,另一部分通过输送介质流排出。为了降低在运行时转子14、16的发热,其表面设有绝热涂层。
壳体10由铝或铝合金组成,其热膨胀系数约为23.8×10-6/K。转子14、16由一种铝材组成,其热膨胀系数约为16×10-6/K。通过这种材料配对得到一个-以转子直径为100mm计-约为0.113mm的间隙减小。
组成转子14、16的铝材用粉末冶金方法制造和弥散强化。用于转子的铝材成分优选如下:
18.5至21.5重量百分比含量的硅,
4.6至5.4重量百分比含量的铁,
1.8至2.2重量百分比含量的镍,
其余为铝。
作为本发明基础的原理可用于带有非接触转子的压缩机的大多数结构形式中,但是在带有内压缩的双轴压缩机,例如凸轮压缩机(Klauenverdichter)和螺旋压缩机时特别有利。本发明可普遍推广到将粉末冶金的铝硅合金应用于压缩机、泵和旋转活塞式机器的转子中,并与铝组成的壳体相结合,特别是应用于带有非接触式工作的转子的机器。
在图2中所示的变型实施方案中,壳体由一由铝或铝合金组成的外壳10a和一浇铸在它里面的环10b构成。环10b由粉末冶金的、弥散强化的上面较详细地说明过的这种铝硅合金组成。环构成内腔的边界,压缩机的转子安装在此内腔中。在外壳10a和环10b之间的界面上两种材料相互熔合,因此在外壳10a和环10b之间形成紧密的结合。因为环10b由一种其强度明显大于外壳10a的材料组成,其热膨胀特性基本上确定了整个壳体的热膨胀。在这种实施形式中,转子也由上述类型的铝硅合金组成。环设有浇铸的加强筋10c,它们径向向外布置。在壳体的每个角部区域内都设有这种加强筋。
在这种实施形式中,间隙减小可以达到约0.16mm,同样按转子直径为100mm计。
在图3中所示的实施形式中,壳体具有一轴承盖22,带有两个用于轴18、20的轴承24、26。在轴承盖22内,轴承24、26的两侧浇铸由弥散强化的铝合金组成的加强筋28、30。通过这些加强筋28、30一方面加强轴18、20的轴承,另一方面减小轴间距的热膨胀。
Claims (17)
1.压缩机,具有一壳体和至少一个借助于轴可旋转地支承在壳体内的转子,所述转子与壳体不接触地旋转,其特征为:所述转子由粉末冶金的铝硅合金组成,所述壳体基本上由铝组成。
2.按权利要求1的压缩机,其特征为:所述铝硅合金是弥散强化的。
3.按权利要求1或2的压缩机,其特征为:所述铝硅合金具有以下成分:
18.5至21.5重量百分比的硅,
4.6至5.4重量百分比的铁,
1.8至2.2重量百分比的镍,
其余为铝。
4.按权利要求1至3之任一项的压缩机,其特征为:所述铝硅合金具有约16×10-6/K的热膨胀系数。
5.按权利要求1至4之任一项的压缩机,其特征为:组成壳体的铝具有约23.8×10-6/K的热膨胀系数。
6.按权利要求1至5之任一项的压缩机,其特征为:所述壳体通过气流冷却。
7.按权利要求1至6之任一项的压缩机,其特征为:所述转子仅通过输送介质流和轴冷却。
8.按权利要求1至7之任一项的压缩机,其特征为:它具有两个非接触地对滚的旋转活塞。
9.按权利要求8的压缩机,其特征为:它以内压缩工作。
10.按权利要求9的压缩机,其特征为:所述旋转活塞做成两翼叶或三翼叶的。
11.按权利要求1至7之任一项的压缩机,其特征为:它做成螺旋压缩机。
12.按权利要求1至11之任一项的压缩机,其特征为:所述转子表面涂上绝热层。
13.按上述权利要求之任一项的压缩机,其特征为:所述壳体具有一由铝组成的外壳和一浇铸在它里面的由弥散强化的粉末冶金铝硅合金组成的环。
14.按权利要求13的压缩机,其特征为:在环和外壳的界面处其材料相互熔合。
15.按权利要求13或14的压缩机,其特征为:所述环直接包围转子。
16.按上述权利要求之任一项的压缩机,其特征为:所述壳体具有至少一个轴承盖,所述轴承盖设有浇铸的、由弥散强化的粉末冶金铝硅合金组成的加强筋。
17.按权利要求16的压缩机,其特征为:所述加强筋设置在轴承的相对的侧面上。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20013338U DE20013338U1 (de) | 2000-08-02 | 2000-08-02 | Verdichter |
| DE20013338.1 | 2000-08-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1446290A true CN1446290A (zh) | 2003-10-01 |
| CN1277054C CN1277054C (zh) | 2006-09-27 |
Family
ID=7944714
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB018137083A Expired - Fee Related CN1277054C (zh) | 2000-08-02 | 2001-08-02 | 压缩机 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6918749B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1305524B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2004505210A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20030026992A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1277054C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE343064T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2001278520A1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2417794C (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE20013338U1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2002010593A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102971538A (zh) * | 2010-03-31 | 2013-03-13 | 纳博特斯克汽车株式会社 | 真空泵 |
| CN109690088A (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-04-26 | 莱宝有限公司 | 真空泵转子 |
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| JP4777541B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-08 | 2011-09-21 | パナソニック株式会社 | 電動機内蔵の圧縮機と、これを搭載した移動車 |
| DE10156180B4 (de) | 2001-11-15 | 2015-10-15 | Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh | Gekühlte Schraubenvakuumpumpe |
| DE10156179A1 (de) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-05-28 | Leybold Vakuum Gmbh | Kühlung einer Schraubenvakuumpumpe |
| DE20216504U1 (de) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-03-06 | Werner Rietschle GmbH + Co. KG, 79650 Schopfheim | Verdrängermaschine mit gegensinnig laufenden Rotoren |
| DE10258363A1 (de) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-24 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Vorrichtung zur Luftversorgung von Brennstoffzellen |
| JPWO2004061307A1 (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2006-05-11 | 株式会社ヴァレオサーマルシステムズ | コンプレッサ |
| DE10321521B3 (de) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-06-09 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Ölpumpe |
| DE10331979A1 (de) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-02-17 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Pumpe mit optimiertem Axialspiel |
| US20080170958A1 (en) * | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-17 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Rotor assembly and method of forming |
| GB0705971D0 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2007-05-09 | Boc Group Plc | Vacuum pump |
| GB0707753D0 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2007-05-30 | Boc Group Plc | Vacuum pump |
| US7708113B1 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-05-04 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Variable frequency sound attenuator for rotating devices |
| DE102012003066B3 (de) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-07-04 | Netzsch Pumpen & Systeme Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum fixieren und synchronisieren von drehkolben in einer drehkolbenpumpe |
| US10718334B2 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2020-07-21 | Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. | Compressor with ribbed cooling jacket |
| DE102016216279A1 (de) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-01 | Leybold Gmbh | Vakuumpumpen-Schraubenrotor |
| DE202016005209U1 (de) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-12-01 | Leybold Gmbh | Schraubenvakuumpumpe |
| US10215186B1 (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2019-02-26 | Rotary Machine Providing Thermal Expansion Compenstion, And Method For Fabrication Thereof | Rotary machine providing thermal expansion compensation, and method for fabrication thereof |
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-
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- 2000-08-02 DE DE20013338U patent/DE20013338U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-08-02 AT AT01956582T patent/ATE343064T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-02 EP EP01956582A patent/EP1305524B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-02 JP JP2002516488A patent/JP2004505210A/ja active Pending
- 2001-08-02 US US10/343,447 patent/US6918749B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-02 CA CA002417794A patent/CA2417794C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-02 CN CNB018137083A patent/CN1277054C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-02 WO PCT/EP2001/008967 patent/WO2002010593A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-08-02 AU AU2001278520A patent/AU2001278520A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-02 KR KR10-2003-7001264A patent/KR20030026992A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2001-08-02 DE DE50111283T patent/DE50111283D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102971538A (zh) * | 2010-03-31 | 2013-03-13 | 纳博特斯克汽车株式会社 | 真空泵 |
| US9255579B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2016-02-09 | Nabtesco Automotive Corporation | Vacuum pump having rotary compressing elements |
| CN102971538B (zh) * | 2010-03-31 | 2017-03-15 | 纳博特斯克汽车株式会社 | 真空泵 |
| US9709057B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2017-07-18 | Nabtesco Automotive Corporation | Rotary pump having a casing being formed with a communicating hole communicating a space that is between the side plate and the wall surface of the driving machine |
| US10253775B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2019-04-09 | Nabtesco Automotive Corporation | Rotary pump having a casing being formed with a communicating hole communicating a space that is between the side plate and the wall surface of the driving machine |
| CN109690088A (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-04-26 | 莱宝有限公司 | 真空泵转子 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2001278520A1 (en) | 2002-02-13 |
| DE50111283D1 (de) | 2006-11-30 |
| CA2417794A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
| DE20013338U1 (de) | 2000-12-28 |
| EP1305524B1 (de) | 2006-10-18 |
| CN1277054C (zh) | 2006-09-27 |
| US6918749B2 (en) | 2005-07-19 |
| US20040022646A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
| WO2002010593A1 (de) | 2002-02-07 |
| JP2004505210A (ja) | 2004-02-19 |
| ATE343064T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
| KR20030026992A (ko) | 2003-04-03 |
| CA2417794C (en) | 2007-03-13 |
| EP1305524A1 (de) | 2003-05-02 |
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