A kind of water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray and preparation method thereof; water-soluble high-molecular material such as polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, derivatived cellulose or treated starch be the appropriately crosslinked environment-friendly type absorption and retaining soil moisture catch net film water dispersion liquid of making in water, can be widely used in water-saving agriculture, bringing soil erosion under control and sand and dust immobilization.
Background technology
Arid and desertification of land are serious natural disasteies.The use of agricultural mulching and liquid-state mulch film helps preserving soil moisture, heats.But a large amount of uses of plastic sheeting for farm use have caused white pollution, have had a strong impact on agriculture Sustainable development, become the significant problem that the whole world is paid close attention to, needed to be resolved hurrily.
Ghent, Belgium university cooperated with Labofina company in 1963, had developed agricultural emulsified bitumen (liquid ground film), was applied and made farm crop reach certain effect of increasing production in many countries subsequently; At the regional agricultural produce of planning, fix the sand, aspects such as grass planting, reinforcing road foundation have also brought into play vital role.The liquid-state mulch film main raw material is petrochemical complex deep processed product (pitch), and this material is by the long chain hydrocarbon groups molecular composition, has the intensive adhesive capacity after the emulsification, and the moisture film around the size of adhesive power and the grogs is inversely proportional to.When liquid-state mulch film is applied to arid soil, the many grogs of emulsion surface adhesion, and can expand to certain limit, and with the emulsion dehydration, form glued film, be fixed on grogs contact angle depths, grogs is coupled to the ideal coacervate.
Because character such as the hydrophobicity of pitch long chain hydrocarbon molecule are very strong, and intermolecular binding force is higher, and Molecularly Imprinted Polymer is little, make this class I liquid I mulch film not enough below the ubiquity aspect agricultural and environmental improvement: (1) is waterproof, makes the very fast evaporation of rainwater; (2) higher adhesion and physical strength hinder the growth of plant rupture of membranes; (3) pitch and various additive such as emulsifying agent, stablizer and softening agent etc. cause new environmental pollution; (4) lack general 40-60 days work-ing life; (5) the chocolate film influences printing opacity, also influences attractive in appearance.Wherein do not inhale, permeable, contain pollutant component, work-ing life, weak point was the critical defect that liquid ground film is used for environmental improvement and agricultural and forestry production.
For overcoming the emulsified bitumen liquid-state mulch film in agricultural and shortcoming field of environment protection; with the existing report of the novel liquid-state mulch film natural, that synthetic macromolecule is filmogen (Chinese patent application number 01130944; 02100581), but all unresolved soil of this class mulch film receives this key issue of rainwater.JP86-250085, USP87-4637759, patent reports such as USP87-4690589 utilize solubility polyvalent cation reaction in the water-soluble polymer water-sol and the soil to form the film technique of high-molecular gel, but film forming is under upper soll layer, does not have the effect of mulch film.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray, and this water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protective membrane can be used for water-saving agriculture production, planting trees and grass, bringing soil erosion under control and sand and dust immobilization.
Another object of the present invention provides the preparation method of above-mentioned water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray.A kind of water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray is cross-linked into reticulated structure between the polymer, it comprises,
A) weight part is the water-soluble high-molecular material of 2-20, at least a polyacrylic acid, polypropylene salt, hydroxypropylcellulose, Sumstar 190, vinylformic acid and acrylamide copolymer, vinylformic acid and sodium acrylate copolymer, vinylformic acid and the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer of being selected from of water-soluble high-molecular material, all the other are weight percentage and are the polyvinyl alcohol of 20-80%;
B) weight part is the linking agent of 0.1-1;
C) weight part is the water of 100-200.
At least a glycerine, ethylene glycol, glutaraldehyde, the N of being selected from of above-mentioned linking agent, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide, epoxy chloropropane, tolylene diisocyanate or borax.
Also can contain the initiator that weight part is 0.001-0.5 in the above-mentioned water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray, initiator is ceric ammonium nitrate, persulphate etc., persulphate such as Potassium Persulphate, Sodium Persulfate etc.
Also can contain weight part in the above-mentioned water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray is 0.01-0.5 sodium hydroxide.
A kind of preparation method of water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray:
A. water-soluble high-molecular material is dissolved in water;
B. at 20-30 ℃, stir adding linking agent, initiator down, 20-80 ℃ of reaction 2-6 hour;
C. product filtration, can.
The water-soluble high-molecular material that the present invention uses is meant and contains great amount of hydroxy group, carboxylate radical, amino, molecular-weight average is the water-soluble polymer of 20000-4000000, as polyacrylic acid (salt), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, Sumstar 190, vinylformic acid and acrylamide copolymer, vinylformic acid and polyvinyl alcohol copolymer.Above-mentioned one or more high molecular solution are reacted to make in the presence of linking agent have cancellated polymer aqueous dispersions.Obtain water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane emulsion after the filtration.According to the difference of concrete prescription, the weight percentage of polymer in aqueous dispersions is 1% to 15%.The aqueous dispersions of high density can suitably dilute before use, guarantees film forming homogeneity.
Water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray of the present invention, suitably spray the dilution back, forms the polymeric membrane of one deck tens to nanometer thickness up to a hundred at soil surface.Used polymer contains a large amount of hydrophilic radicals such as hydroxyl, carboxylate radical, amino, meets water absorption and swelling behind the water, and this character is similar to super absorbent resin.Because the degree of crosslinking of nethike embrane is lower, thin film thickness, the space between the macromolecular chain of suction back is enough to greatly to being that water molecules passes through.Thereby having solved polymeric soil protects nethike embrane to receive the problem of rainwater and irrigation moisture.Along with the film surface-moisture slowly evaporates, the space between the macromolecular chain dwindles, the function of recovery and protection film again after doing.The thickness of polymeric soil protection nethike embrane has only 1/tens of common ground film, but water absorption and swelling in wet environment in addition, and the shadow crop rings the rupture of membranes growth.The nethike embrane of the crosslinked generation of polymer has suppressed the osmosis of isolated molecule to soil capillary and slit, and the film forming utilization ratio is increased, and materials reduce, and use cost reduces.This film except that having mulch film water conservation heat insulation function, its outstanding advantage be receive rainwater and irrigate moisture, the shadow crop ring rupture of membranes growth, the harm of no environment, surface dried after the function of recovery and protection film again.This rainwater, water conservation (moisture in the soil) the polymeric soil protective membrane of receiving can be used for fields such as water-saving agriculture production, planting trees and grass, bringing soil erosion under control and sand and dust immobilization.Water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane emulsion of the present invention all has no side effect to human body, animal and plant, and nethike embrane is absorbed and used for the small molecules carbohydrate by microbiological deterioration in soil, has no adverse effect to giving birth to the body environment.Simultaneously, the preparation method of water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray of the present invention is simple, is easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 80,000) 1 weight part,
Vinylformic acid 1 weight part,
Sodium acrylate 1 weight part,
N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide 0.1 weight part,
Potassium Persulphate 0.1 weight part,
Water 100 weight parts.
Embodiment 2
Sumstar 190 3 weight parts
Polyvinyl alcohol 2 weight parts
Epoxy chloropropane 0.4 weight part
Sodium hydroxide 0.2 weight part
Water 100 weight parts.
Embodiment 3
Sumstar 190 8 weight parts,
Polyvinyl alcohol 2 weight parts,
Borax 0.2 weight part,
Sodium hydroxide 0.3 weight part,
Water 200 weight parts.
Embodiment 4
Prescription with embodiment 2 is an example, and the technological process of preparation water-absorbing-retaining polymeric soil protection nethike embrane spray is as follows:
1. Sumstar 190 adds water and stirs and to be modulated into 8% suspension, is heated to complete gelatinization;
2. polyvinyl alcohol adds water and stirs and to be modulated into 8% suspension, 80 ℃ of dissolvings;
3. will be 1. and 2. liquid mixing, under 25 ℃ of stirrings, drip epoxy chloropropane;
4. regulate pH to 9-10 with 10% sodium hydroxide solution, add the required water of prescription, under 50 ℃ of stirrings, continue reaction 5 hours;
5. filtration, can.