CN1328557C - Ultra-low temp. freezing device for heat energy driven non-motion parts - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-low temperature freezing device driven by thermal energy without moving parts. The refrigerant vapor outlet of the driving module is connected to the component separation module through the condenser, and the solution outlet of the driving module is connected to the gas absorber through the solution heat exchanger; one outlet of the component separation module is connected to the high-pressure channel of the regenerator, evaporator, and regenerator The low-pressure channel and the heat exchanger are connected to the gas absorber, and the other outlet of the component separation module is connected to the low-pressure outlet of the regenerator; the outlet of the gas absorber is connected to the inlet of the liquid receiver; the gas outlet of the liquid receiver is divided into two parts by the heat exchanger. One branch is connected to the component separation module after passing through the first flow control valve, and the other branch is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure channel of the regenerator after passing through the second flow control valve; the liquid outlet of the liquid receiver is exchanged by the solution The sensor is connected to the solution inlet of the drive module. The invention adopts low-grade energy and can achieve deep refrigeration at 0-80°C. The device has no moving parts, reliable performance, stable operation, no noise and no vibration.

Description

Thermal energy drives ultra-low temperature freezer with no moving parts

technical field

The invention relates to a refrigeration device, in particular to an ultra-low temperature refrigeration device with no moving parts driven by thermal energy.

Background technique

Conventional heat-driven refrigeration devices, such as absorption refrigerators or heat pumps that use lithium bromide or ammonia water as working fluids, have been widely used, but there are many disadvantages, such as the corrosiveness of lithium bromide solution, the toxicity of ammonia water, explosiveness, etc. . Especially the refrigeration temperature is not low is a prominent defect of it. Using lithium bromide aqueous solution as the working medium, no matter how high the heat source temperature is or how low the cooling water temperature is, the theoretical limit cooling temperature is 0°C; using ammonia water as the working medium, the minimum cooling temperature can only reach about -40°C. The low refrigeration temperature greatly limits its application range, especially in the occasions where there is a lot of waste heat and refrigeration is required. On the one hand, a large amount of waste heat is wasted in vain, and on the other hand, high-grade electric energy is consumed to realize freezing, which is very unfavorable to the current situation of power shortage. In addition, due to the existence of moving parts such as pumps in the device, vibration and noise are unavoidable during operation, so it is not suitable for occasions that have strict requirements on noise, such as hospitals, hotels, conference halls, etc. Obviously, if there is a refrigeration device that can achieve deep freezing when the temperature of the heat source is not very high, and there are no moving parts, vibration and noise, then such a refrigeration device must have a very broad application prospect.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermally driven ultra-low temperature freezing device with no moving parts.

Thermal energy drives the ultra-low temperature refrigeration device without moving parts: the refrigerant vapor outlet of the driving module is connected to the condensate inlet of the component separation module through the condenser, and the solution outlet of the driving module is connected to the solution inlet of the gas absorber through the solution heat exchanger; the component separation module The outlet of the low-boiling point component is connected to the gas inlet of the gas absorber after passing through the high-pressure channel of the regenerator, the evaporator, the low-pressure channel of the regenerator, and the heat exchanger, and the outlet of the high-boiling point component of the component separation module is connected to the low-pressure outlet of the regenerator; The outlet of the gas absorber is connected to the inlet of the liquid receiver; the gas outlet of the liquid receiver is divided into two branches through the heat exchanger, and one branch of the heat exchanger is connected to the balance gas inlet of the component separation module after passing through the first flow control valve. The other branch of the heater is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure channel of the regenerator after passing through the second flow control valve; the liquid outlet of the liquid reservoir is connected to the solution inlet of the driving module through the solution heat exchanger.

The invention is driven by low-grade energy, such as waste heat, waste heat, geothermal heat, solar energy, etc., and the device can achieve deep refrigeration in the range of 0-80°C. The device has no moving parts, reliable performance, stable operation, no noise and no vibration. It is suitable for occasions with both heat sources and deep freezing, especially for occasions with strict requirements on environmental noise.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an ultra-low temperature freezing device driven by thermal energy without moving parts;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Thermal energy drives the refrigerant vapor outlet of the driving module 1 in the ultra-low temperature refrigeration device without moving parts, and is connected to the condensate inlet of the component separation module 3 through the condenser 2, and the solution outlet of the driving module 1 is connected to the gas absorber 9 solution through the solution heat exchanger 11 The inlet is connected; the component separation module 3 is connected to the gas inlet of the gas absorber 9 after passing through the high-pressure channel of the regenerator 4, the evaporator 7, the low-pressure channel of the regenerator 4, and the heat exchanger 8 at the outlet of the low-boiling point component of the component separation module. 3 The outlet of the high boiling point component is connected to the low-pressure outlet of the regenerator 4; the outlet of the gas absorber 9 is connected to the inlet of the liquid reservoir 10; the gas outlet of the liquid reservoir 10 is divided into two branches through the heat exchanger 8, and one branch of the heat exchanger After passing through the first flow control valve 5, it is connected to the balance gas inlet of the component separation module 3, and the other branch of the heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure channel of the regenerator 4 after passing through the second flow control valve 6; the liquid reservoir 10 liquid The outlet is connected to the solution inlet of the driving module 1 through the solution heat exchanger 11 .

The drive module 1 has a thermal driver 12 , a riser 13 and a first gas-liquid separator 14 ;

The component separation module 3 has a second gas-liquid separator 15 and a condensation evaporator 16; the liquid phase outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 15 is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure channel of the condensation evaporator 16, and the gas phase outlet of the second gas-liquid separator is connected with the condensation evaporation The inlet of the high-pressure channel of the device 16 is connected, and the outlet of the first flow control valve 5 is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure channel of the condensing evaporator 16.

The component separation module 3 has a rectification device 17 and a condensation evaporator 18; the liquid phase outlet of the rectification device 17 is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure passage of the condensation evaporator 18, and the gas phase outlet of the rectification device is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure passage of the condensation evaporator 18. The outlet of the flow control valve 5 is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure passage of the condensing evaporator 18 .

The refrigerant used in the device is binary or more than binary mixed refrigerant, the absorbent is a solvent capable of absorbing these refrigerants, and the equilibrium gas is a gas with low density, which does not react with the refrigerant and absorbent, and is insoluble in the absorbent . The mixed refrigerant of binary or more is a mixture of two or three of R23, R32, and R134a. A solvent capable of absorbing these refrigerants is a solution of dimethylformamide (DMF). The gas with low density, which does not react with refrigerants and absorbents, and is insoluble in absorbents is hydrogen or helium.

As shown in Figure 2, Example 1 uses a mixture of R134a (boiling point of -26°C) and R23 (boiling point of -81°C) as the refrigerant, dimethylformamide (DMF) as the absorbent, and helium as the balance gas. In this scheme, the driving module 1 is composed of a thermal driver 12, a riser 13 and a first gas-liquid separator 14, and the component separation module 3 is composed of a second gas-liquid separator 15, a condensation evaporator 16 and pipelines.

This embodiment consists of three main circuits: refrigerant circuit, solution circuit and balance gas circuit.

In the refrigerant circuit, the mixed refrigerant is heated and escaped in the thermal driver 12 , and at the same time pushes the solution to rise in the riser 13 and enter the first gas-liquid separator 14 . After being separated by the first gas-liquid separator 14, the mixed refrigerant vapor enters the condenser 2 to be cooled by the cooling medium, and part of the refrigerant is condensed into liquid. Then, these gas-liquid mixed refrigerants enter the second gas-liquid separator 15 for separation, the separated gaseous part is mainly low-boiling point refrigerant R23 and a small amount of high-boiling point refrigerant R134a, and the liquid part is mainly high-boiling point refrigerant R134a and a small amount of low-boiling refrigerant R23. The liquid refrigerant diffuses into the balance gas helium flowing out of the first flow control valve 5 and exchanges heat with the gas refrigerant in the condensing evaporator 16, so that the liquid refrigerant evaporates and the gas refrigerant condenses. The condensed refrigerant (the main component is R23) diffuses into the helium gas flowing out of the second flow control valve 6 after exchanging heat with the mixed gas of helium and refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator 7 in the regenerator 4, Enter the evaporator 7 to evaporate and absorb heat and refrigerate. The mixed gas flowing out of the evaporator 7 is heat-exchanged by the regenerator 4 and mixed with the evaporated refrigerant (the main component is R134a) and the mixed gas of helium flowing out of the condensing evaporator 16, and then, in the heat exchanger 8 The medium exchanges heat with the equilibrium gas helium flowing out from the top of the liquid reservoir 10, and then enters the gas absorber 9 to be absorbed by the solution. The concentrated solution that has absorbed the refrigerant passes through the solution heat exchanger 11 to exchange heat with the dilute solution flowing out of the first gas-liquid separator 14 , and then flows into the thermal driver 12 .

In the solution loop, the dilute solution flowing out of the first separator 14 exchanges heat with the concentrated solution flowing out of the liquid receiver 10 in the solution heat exchanger 11 and then flows back into the gas absorber 9 to absorb refrigerant. The absorbed concentrated solution flows into the heat driver 12 after passing through the liquid reservoir 10 and the solution heat exchanger 11 . After heating, the refrigerant vapor escaping from it pushes the solution up, passes through the riser 13 , and enters the first gas-liquid separator 14 .

In the balance gas circuit, the mixed gas containing the balance gas helium enters the gas absorber 9, in which the refrigerant is absorbed by the dilute solution, and the insoluble helium enters the liquid reservoir 10. Due to the low density, the helium gas flows out from the top of the liquid reservoir 10, and after passing through the heat exchanger 8, it is divided into two branches, passing through the first flow control valve 5, the second flow control valve 6 and the second gas-liquid separator respectively. The refrigerant at the bottom outlet of 15 and the outlet of the high-pressure channel of regenerator 4 mixes and diffuses.

The thermal energy drivers, condensers, evaporators, gas absorbers, regenerators, heat exchangers and solution heat exchangers mentioned above are all heat exchangers, which can be submerged or sprayed, and can be shell and tube It can also be casing type or other forms, and the heat exchange tubes can be ordinary tubes or reinforced tubes.

The riser mainly plays the role of elevating the solution and driving the circulation of the solution. It can be a general metal pipe or a pressure-resistant hose.

The liquid receiver is similar to the liquid receiver in ordinary refrigeration equipment.

The role of the two flow control valves is to control the amount of balanced gas in the two branches, thereby controlling the partial pressure of the refrigerant after diffusion, and they can be capillary, automatic or manual valves.

The condensing evaporator is a heat exchanger, and its high-pressure side is a gas-phase refrigerant with a high boiling point content, which releases heat, cools and condenses into a liquid, and its low-pressure side is a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant with a high boiling point content. Thermal vaporization. It can be submerged or sprayed, it can be shell-and-tube or casing or other forms, and its heat exchange tubes can be ordinary tubes or reinforced tubes.

The function of the gas-liquid separator is to separate the mixture entering it, the low boiling point flows out from its top in gaseous state, and the high boiling point flows out from its bottom in liquid state.

Because the gas-liquid separator is adopted in the component separation module, the structure of this embodiment is simple, but the refrigeration temperature is not low enough.

As shown in Figure 3, Example 2 uses a mixture of R134a (boiling point of -26°C) and R23 (boiling point of -81°C) as the refrigerant, DMF (dimethylformamide) as the absorbent, and helium as the balance gas. In this solution, the driving module 1 is composed of a thermal driver 12, a riser 13 and a first gas-liquid separator 14, and the component separation module 3 is composed of a rectifying device 17, a condensation evaporator 18 and pipelines.

Other contents of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1.

Due to the rectification device used in the component separation module, deep freezing at a lower temperature can be realized in this embodiment, but the structure is slightly complicated.

Claims (8)

1. the superfreeze device of a heat-driven moving part-free, it is characterized in that, the outlet of driver module (1) refrigerant vapour links to each other with component separation module (3) condensate inlet through condenser (2), and driver module (1) taphole links to each other with gas absorber (9) solution inlet through solution heat exchanger (11); The outlet of component separation module (3) low boiling component links to each other with gas absorber (9) gas access behind regenerator (4) high-pressure channel, evaporimeter (7), regenerator (4) low-pressure channel, heat exchanger (8), and the outlet of component separation module (3) high boiling component links to each other with regenerator (4) low tension outlet; Gas absorber (9) outlet links to each other with liquid reservoir (10) inlet; Liquid reservoir (10) gas vent is divided into two branch roads through heat exchanger (8), branch road of heat exchanger links to each other with component separation module (3) balanced gas inlet behind first flow control valve (5), and another branch road of heat exchanger links to each other with the outlet of regenerator (4) high-pressure channel behind second flow control valve (6); Liquid reservoir (10) liquid outlet links to each other with driver module (1) solution inlet through solution heat exchanger (11).

2. the superfreeze device of a kind of heat-driven moving part-free according to claim 1 is characterized in that said driver module (1) has heat energy driver (12), riser (13) and first gas-liquid separator (14); The outlet of heat energy driver (12) upper end is connected with end entrance under the riser (13), and the outlet of riser (13) upper end is connected in first gas-liquid separator (14).

3. the superfreeze device of a kind of heat-driven moving part-free according to claim 1 is characterized in that said component separation module (3) has second gas-liquid separator (15) and condenser/evaporator (16); The outlet of second gas-liquid separator (15) liquid phase links to each other with condenser/evaporator (16) low-pressure channel inlet, the second gas-liquid separator gaseous phase outlet links to each other with condenser/evaporator (16) high-pressure channel inlet, and first flow control valve (5) outlet links to each other with condenser/evaporator (16) low-pressure channel inlet.

4. the superfreeze device of a kind of heat-driven moving part-free according to claim 1 is characterized in that said component separation module (3) has rectifier unit (17) and condenser/evaporator (18); The outlet of rectifier unit (17) liquid phase links to each other with condenser/evaporator (18) low-pressure channel inlet, the rectifier unit gaseous phase outlet links to each other with condenser/evaporator (18) high-pressure channel inlet, and first flow control valve (5) outlet links to each other with condenser/evaporator (18) low-pressure channel inlet.

5. the superfreeze device of a kind of heat-driven moving part-free according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the used cold-producing medium of device is binary or the above mix refrigerant of binary, absorbent is for absorbing the solvent of these cold-producing mediums, balanced gas is that density is little, does not react, is insoluble to the gas of absorbent with cold-producing medium, absorbent.

6. the superfreeze device of a kind of heat-driven moving part-free according to claim 5 is characterized in that the above mix refrigerant of described binary or binary is the mixture of two or three among R23, R32, the R134a.

7. the superfreeze device of a kind of heat-driven moving part-free according to claim 5 is characterized in that the described solvent that can absorb these cold-producing mediums is a dimethyl formamide.

8. the superfreeze device of a kind of heat-driven moving part-free according to claim 5 is characterized in that described density is little, and the gas that does not react, is insoluble to absorbent with cold-producing medium, absorbent is hydrogen or helium.

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