Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: solve that the error that in the past adopted the multiple working procedure multiple clamping to bring for complex-shaped internal combustion engine cylindrical processing was big, efficient is low, as adopt the high building-block machine of automaticity then cost height, mechanism's complexity, adjust all very difficult problem of operating maintenance; The present invention aims to provide the multitool linear servo mechanism on a kind of lathe, finishes complex-shaped outside piston fine finishining in a clamping, and machining accuracy and working (machining) efficiency height, and Operation and maintenance are simple, and cost of equipment is low.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: the cover cutter-exchange mechanism that this multitool linear servo mechanism is installed additional for the linear electric motors output at lathe, and this cutter-exchange mechanism mainly also includes:
1) mechanism body;
2) be installed in the mechanism body, front end installs can replace knife rest and many straight-line transmitting dynamic components of being fixedlyed connected with the linear electric motors axle in lathe tool, rear end;
3) the cutter cassette holder by roller bearings at straight-line transmitting dynamic component connecting rod front end endoporus, by the replaced knife rest of driven gear, driving gear transmission;
4) be installed in the mechanism body, driving gear is driven by the revolution cylinder with driven gear clutch, driving gear and by the knife rest of the roller bearings driving mechanism that replaces;
5) the directly moving cylinder of dibit is fixed on the mechanism body, the directly moving cylinder output shaft of dibit connects the revolution cylinder seat and and then drive the clutch of driving gear.
The present invention also can install elasticity positioning element, locking device, measuring transducer, protecting component in mechanism body:
The elasticity positioning element comprises two flat springs and supporting diaphragm, and their end all is connected and fixed with mechanism body, and their other end is fixedlyed connected with connecting rod;
Locking device comprises: the locking cylinder is fixed on the connecting rod by cylinder seat, and output shaft connection of locking cylinder and driving locking pin are inserted in the driven gear backlash or from backlash to be return;
Measuring transducer comprises: the displacement transducer that is connected on mechanism body and the Connection Block is installed at two ends respectively; By driven gear both sides deep trouth and the knife rest rotational position sensor that constitutes near switch; Be installed in the clutch position sensor that the magnetic switch in the directly moving cylinder of dibit constitutes; Be installed in the locking device state sensor that the magnetic switch in the locking cylinder constitutes;
Protecting component comprises interconnective square shell, front shroud and seal membrane.
Or the coincidence parallel with electrical axis of aforesaid its axis of straight-line transmitting dynamic component of the present invention, the lathe tool of work is then below the axis of straight-line transmitting dynamic component.
The cutter box end face of the aforesaid knife rest that replaces circumferentially uniform two or three lathe tool, the cutter box is connected with screw and alignment pin and cutter cassette holder.
Aforesaid knife rest transposition driving mechanism adopts revolution cylinder and driving gear to drive the transposition of knife rest, the revolution cylinder is fixed on the cylinder seat, two bobbins are housed in cylinder seat to be held, cylinder seat can be slided along guide post, the directly moving cylinder of dibit in the clutch then draws, pushes away cylinder seat by its output shaft, so draw, push away driving gear and driven gear carry out from, close.
The stiff end and the mechanism body of two flat springs are connected in the aforesaid elasticity positioning element, and the Connection Block of its movable end is connected with motor shaft and connecting rod respectively as a link of straight-line transmitting dynamic component.
The supporting diaphragm is to make with del or X-shaped foil in the aforesaid elasticity positioning element, and sheet metal one end is fixed on the mechanism body, and the other end is fixed on the connecting rod, and its junction is fixed with press strip and screw.
The present invention utilizes the multitool linear servo mechanism on a machine tool, in a clamping, finish the fine finishining of complex-shaped outside piston, avoided the employing multiple working procedure, the different operation of processing on different lathes, the error that multiple clamping is brought is big, the drawback that working (machining) efficiency is low, also overcome Automatic Combined lathe cost height, mechanism's complexity, adjust all very difficult problem of operating maintenance, the present invention is according to different processing requests, call the different cutters on the knife rest, have the machining accuracy height, the working (machining) efficiency height, operating maintenance is simple, the distinguishing feature that cost of equipment is low.
The specific embodiment:
The cover cutter-exchange mechanism of the present invention for installing additional at the linear electric motors output.Mainly include:
1) mechanism body;
2) be installed in the mechanism body, front end installs can replace knife rest and many straight-line transmitting dynamic components of being fixedlyed connected with the linear electric motors axle in lathe tool, rear end;
3) the cutter cassette holder by roller bearings at straight-line transmitting dynamic component connecting rod front end endoporus, by the replaced knife rest of driven gear, driving gear transmission;
4) be installed in the mechanism body, driving gear is driven by the revolution cylinder with driven gear clutch, driving gear and by the knife rest of the roller bearings driving mechanism that replaces;
5) the directly moving cylinder of dibit is fixed on the mechanism body, the directly moving cylinder output shaft of dibit connects the revolution cylinder seat and and then drive the clutch of driving gear.
The present invention also can install elasticity positioning element, locking device, measuring transducer, protecting component in mechanism body:
The elasticity positioning element comprises two flat springs and supporting diaphragm, and their end all is connected and fixed with mechanism body, and their other end is fixedlyed connected with connecting rod;
Locking device comprises: the locking cylinder is fixed on the connecting rod by cylinder seat, locking cylinder output shaft connect and drive locking pin be inserted in the driven gear backlash or from backlash return;
Measuring transducer comprises: the displacement transducer that is connected on mechanism body and the Connection Block is installed at two ends respectively; By driven gear both sides deep trouth and the knife rest rotational position sensor that constitutes near switch; Be installed in the clutch position sensor that the magnetic switch in the directly moving cylinder of dibit constitutes; Be installed in the locking device state sensor that the magnetic switch in the locking cylinder constitutes;
Protecting component comprises interconnective square shell, front shroud and seal membrane.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, mechanism body 1 of the present invention partly is made up of square shell 56 and front shroud 2 etc.Each parts that its effect is a bindiny mechanism, its rear end links to each other with the front end face of linear electric motors, and stretches out lathe tool from front end.In fact can regard the combination of mechanism of the present invention and linear electric motors as the multifunctional intelligent servo control mechanism.
The straight-line transmitting dynamic component is that the straight-line displacement with the linear electric motors output shaft is transferred on the lathe tool.It comprises (Fig. 1, Fig. 2): the Connection Block 3 of the flat spring that resets, connecting rod 4, rolling bearing 7, cutter cassette holder 8, cutter box 9, alignment pin 10 and lathe tool 11.The Connection Block 3 of flat spring of resetting links to each other with connecting rod 4 with motor output shaft 12 respectively.The front end endoporus of connecting rod 4 links to each other with cutter cassette holder 8 by rolling bearing 7 again.Cutter box 9 is fixed in the cutter cassette holder by screw 13, and prevents that with alignment pin 10 cutter box 9 from rotating in the cutter cassette holder.In the cutter box 9 with screw 14 as required fixedly 2-3 lathe tool 11 (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, Fig. 5).Three lathe tools are pressed 120 ° of balanced configurations along cutter box axis, and Fig. 4 is two cutter cutter boxes, and Fig. 5 is three cutter cutter boxes, and the lathe tool of work is under axis.The no axial joint gap each part from motor output shaft 12 to lathe tool guarantees the axial displacement of motor accurately is sent to lathe tool.
The elasticity positioning element guarantees that lathe tool has enough rigidity with side direction vertically.It comprises two flat springs 15 and supporting diaphragm 16 (Fig. 6, Fig. 7).One end of two flat springs 15 links to each other with mechanism body 1, and the other end links to each other with Connection Block 3.According to the operation principle of two flat springs, the each point on the Connection Block 3 mechanism body is relatively done translational motion.Two flat springs guarantee that there is accurate zero-bit in mechanism, and the thickness of choose reasonable leaf spring can obtain the desirable dynamic property of servo-drive system.Supporting diaphragm 16 (Fig. 6) is the sheet metal of a del, and the upper end is fixed on the mechanism body by press strip 17 and screw 18, and the lower end has circular hole, by bearing pressure ring 19 it is pressed on the front end of connecting rod 4.The effect of supporting diaphragm is the lateral rigidity that increases mechanism.Diaphragm 16 also can be processed into the X-shaped shape by Fig. 7.
The effect of knife rest of can replacing is under the effect of knife rest transposition driving mechanism, and required lathe tool is forwarded on the operating position.It is made up of driven gear 20, cutter cassette holder 8, rolling bearing 7, cutter box 9, alignment pin 10 and hold-down screw 13 etc.Tighten together 8,9 by screw 13 and alignment pin 10, when driven gear was activated moment, knife rest promptly rotated under the support of bearing, made the lathe tool transposition.
Knife rest transposition driving mechanism is made up of revolution cylinder 21, cylinder seat 22, rolling bearing 23 and driving gear 24 etc.Cylinder 21 is oscillating cylinders of dibit angle adjustable, is fixed on the cylinder seat 22 by screw.Driving gear 24 links to each other with the output shaft of revolution cylinder 21.The rotation of driving gear is supported by rolling bearing 23, and bearing 23 is contained in the endoporus of cylinder seat 22.Down, driving gear and driven gear mesh in working order, and the swing of cylinder is passed to driven gear by driving gear 24, thereby drive the knife rest transposition.
The effect of clutch is when the lathe tool cutting workpiece, and driving gear and driven gear are separated.It by the directly moving cylinder 25 of dibit, axle sleeve 26, guide post 27, bobbin hold 28 and spacing collar 29 etc. form, the directly moving cylinder 25 of dibit is screwed on mechanism body 1.Axle sleeve 26 links to each other with cylinder seat 22 with the output shaft of cylinder 25 respectively.When the output shaft of cylinder 25 stretches out, promptly promote the driving gear 24 and driven gear 20 engagements of transposition driving mechanism; Otherwise when the output shaft indentation of cylinder 25, i.e. the driving gear 24 of pulling transposition driving mechanism and driven gear 20 are separately.In addition, in the both sides up and down of oscillating cylinder seat two bobbins are housed and hold 28, guide post 27 1 ends are inserted in the endoporus that bobbin holds, and the other end is fastened on the mechanism body 1, and spacing collar 29 is housed again on guide post 27, guarantee the guiding of clutch and spacing with this.
The effect of locking device is when the lathe tool cutting workpiece, and the locking knife rest makes it and can not rotate.It is made up of locking cylinder 30, cylinder seat 31, locking pin 32 etc.Locking cylinder 30 and cylinder seat 31 are connected with screw thread, and cylinder seat is fastening with connecting rod 4 again.Locking pin 32 links to each other with the output shaft of cylinder.When lathe tool cut workpiece, locking cylinder 30 held out against locking pin 32 in the backlash of driven gear, thus the locking knife rest.
Measuring transducer is the precondition that realizes multitool mechanism Based Intelligent Control, and there is multiple measuring transducer in mechanism, and division is as follows: (1) displacement transducer 33.The body of this sensor is installed on the mechanism body 1, and its sensitive axes is connected with the Connection Block 3 of two flat springs, and so connection can be measured the displacement of lathe tool along axis direction.(2) knife rest rotational position sensor.This sensor is used to measure lathe tool and whether forwards the operating position to.Two are fixed on the sensor stand 36 near switch 34 usefulness screws 35, and support 36 is fixed on the mechanism body 1.Have three deep trouths 37 of 120 ° of being separated by on the cylinder of driven gear 20 both sides, the position of groove is corresponding with the position of lathe tool, and when lathe tool forwarded station to, corresponding groove was aimed at just near switch.(3) clutch position sensor.In the directly moving cylinder 25 of the dibit of clutch, magnetic switch 38 is housed, provides the signal of corresponding clutch position.(4) locking device state sensor.In locking cylinder 30, magnetic switch 39 is housed, provides the signal of locking device state.
The effect of protecting component is to prevent that car bits and greasy dirt to the pollution of mechanism, guaranteeing mechanism's operate as normal, and it comprises front shroud 2, seal membrane 40, bearing inner pressure ring 19, outer press ring 42 and the screw gasket etc. of mechanism body.Seal membrane 40 inner pressure rings 19, outer press ring 42 and screw gasket etc. fix.Seal membrane adopts the canvas filler rubber material, can not influence the motion of lathe tool.
The annexation of multitool linear servo mechanism of the present invention and Digit Control Machine Tool as shown in Figure 8, Digit Control Machine Tool is prior art for the present invention among the figure.The displacement input of multitool linear servo mechanism 55 is from the output shaft 12 of linear electric motors 45; The work source of the gas of each cylinder is imported respectively through air control unit 46 and pipeline 47; The displacement output of multitool linear servo mechanism is affacted on the processed workpiece 48 by lathe tool 11; The multitool straight line is waitd upon the signal of each measuring transducer of clothes mechanism and is passed to computer 50 through cable 49.Computer is the control centre of lathe.It is measured and controls the other parts of lathe, and control signal is passed to controller 52 by cable 51, respectively control signal is passed to air control unit 46 and linear electric motors 45 by controller by cable 53,54.Among the figure, lathe, computer 50, cable 51, controller 52, cable 53,54, air control unit 46, pipeline 47, linear electric motors 45, output shaft 12, cable 49 are prior art.
Multitool linear servo working process of mechanism is as follows: the lathe tool of selecting to use in the preparatory stage (2-3), and adjust the radial position of cutter.When the good workpiece of clamping, lathe starts, and during the operation of digital control system procedure, computer is at first checked the state of each sensor.When needing tool changing.Control locking cylinder 30 unclamps locking pin 32, and when the magnetic switch 39 signals affirmation 32 in the locking cylinder 30 had been unclamped, the directly moving cylinder 25 of control dibit was pushed driving gear 24 to driven gear 20, makes it engagement.When the magnetic switch 38 in the directly moving cylinder 25 of dibit confirms that engagement puts in place, 21 revolutions of control revolution cylinder, driving gear drives driven gear and rotates, the cutter transposition.Provide the signal whether cutter accurately puts in place near switch 34.After transposition finishes.The locking cylinder is pressed onto locking pin 32 in the backlash of driven gear again, the locking knife rest.After locking puts in place, the directly moving cylinder 25 of dibit separates driving gear and driven gear, tool changing work is all finished, after this, computer is delivered to controller 52 according to the machining shape that excircle of workpiece requires with coherent signal, control linear electric motors 45 are done straight reciprocating motion, on the straight-line displacement transmission lathe tool of the straight-line transmitting dynamic component of multitool linear servo mechanism with the linear electric motors output shaft, so that the cylindrical of processing work.Process after one section, need to change cutting parameter (speed of mainshaft, feed, lathe tool or the like) as next section, then computer-controlled machine tool and this multitool mechanism make corresponding action, up to the workpiece completion of processing.
In sum, the present invention has following advantage: (1) adopts multitool mechanism, and different processing sections is used different cutters instead, can process each section of same unlike material and profile, for example, the cast iron ring of the middle-convex and varying ellipse cylindrical of piston skirt, head, head, collection carbon groove or the like.(2) automatic tool changer has shortened the secondary process time greatly, has improved production efficiency.(3) adopt multiple sensors, realizes increasingly automated, the minimizing fault rate.(4) clampings are finished the multi-step process of workpiece, have improved the machining accuracy of workpiece.(5) mechanism is simple, and cost is low.