CN1318160C - 用于制造带有内涂层的空心铸件的方法及透平机构件 - Google Patents
用于制造带有内涂层的空心铸件的方法及透平机构件 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007749 high velocity oxygen fuel spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/165—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents in the manufacture of multilayered shell moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/15—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
- B22D29/001—Removing cores
- B22D29/002—Removing cores by leaching, washing or dissolving
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2230/00—Manufacture
- F05B2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于制造一空心铸造的构件(1)的方法,该空心铸件的至少一个空腔(3,5,7,9)内带有内涂层(14,16,18,20),其中,该构件(1)由一种基质材料铸造而成,在铸造时采用一个包括至少一个用于确定所述至少一个空腔(3,5,7,9)的铸造型芯(22)的铸模,按照本发明的方法,用于该构件(1)的内涂层(14,16,18,20)的涂层材料在浇铸该构件(1)前被涂敷在至少一个铸造型芯(22)上,并且在浇铸完成之后将该铸造型芯(22)从所述空腔(3,5,7,9)中去除。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造一空心铸造的构件,尤其是一空心铸造的透平机构件的方法,该空心铸件的至少一个空腔的内壁上带有内涂层。
背景技术
承受高热负荷的构件可在其外侧带有一涂层,以避免它在热负荷区域内被腐蚀和/或氧化。为此尤其适合采用MCrAlY涂层。一种MCrAlY涂层在本说明书的范围内可以理解成是一种金属合金涂层,它包含铬(Cr)和铝(Al),其中的Y代表钇或一种稀土元素,M代表铁(Fe),钴(Co)或镍(Ni)。
但在一定的工作条件下,在高热负荷区域内工作的空心铸件的内壁也会承受很高的温度,因此也有必要防止该内壁被腐蚀和/或氧化,以使得该构件确实能够达到预定的使用寿命。
一种关于这种承受高热负荷的空心铸造构件的例子是透平机构件,尤其是透平机叶片。透平机叶片在工作时要承受高温并通常具有一些有冷却流体在其中被导引流过的空腔。在一定的工作条件下,在这些空腔内的温度导致需要防止内壁受到氧化和/或腐蚀。
迄今为止,空心铸件的内壁通过扩散渗铝或多或少地得到了保护。然而,随着温度的升高,该渗铝层却达到其极限,并因此实际上不再有效地防腐蚀。
利用传统的方法几乎不可能在空心铸件的部分相当复杂的空腔内或内腔内,例如透平机叶片的空腔中涂覆特别有效的MCrAlY涂层。喷涂工艺不能令人满意地应用于给空心铸件的内壁喷涂涂层。
发明内容
因此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种方法,利用该方法尤其可给空心铸件的复杂内腔涂覆一内涂层,尤其是MCrAlY内涂层。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题在于提供一种改进的空心铸造的透平机构件。
上述第一个技术问题通过一种用于制造一空心铸造的构件,尤其是一空心铸造的透平机构件的方法来解决,该空心铸件的至少一个空腔内带有内涂层,其中,该构件由一种基质材料铸造而成,在铸造时采用一个包括至少一个用于确定所述至少一个空腔的铸造型芯的铸模,按照本发明的方法,将用于该构件的内涂层的涂层材料在浇铸该构件前涂敷在至少一个铸造型芯上,然后利用包括这种铸造型芯的铸模浇铸所述构件并让其凝固硬化,之后将该铸造型芯从所述空腔中这样去除,即,使得所述涂层材料并未被一同去除,从而得到带有内涂层的空心铸件。
上述第二个技术问题通过一种空心铸造的透平机构件来解决,按照本发明,该透平机构件具有至少一个封闭空腔和在该封闭空腔中的一MCrAlY内涂层。
因此,按照本发明是首先制出内涂层,然后环绕该内涂层铸造出所述构件。按照该方法,也可以给构件例如空心铸造的燃气轮机叶片的特别复杂的空腔或内腔涂上一内涂层,尤其是一MCrAlY内涂层。在此,可对铸造型芯所用材料进行选择,使得它可从铸制好的构件的空腔中去除,而同时却不会导致涂层材料被一同去除。
作为用于所述铸造型芯的材料尤其适合采用这样一种材料,即,该材料借助不会侵蚀所述构件的涂层材料和基质材料的化学方法可从所述空腔中去除。例如可制造陶瓷材料的铸造型芯。这样的陶瓷型芯可借助一种恰当的不会侵蚀所述透平机构件的MCrAlY内涂层和基质材料的碱液,从所述透平机构件的空腔中去除。作为用于铸造透平机构件例如透平机叶片的铸造型芯的材料因此尤其适合采用陶瓷材料。
在本发明的制造方法中,可尤其将铸造构件时的铸造温度选择成低于所述涂层材料的熔化温度。从而避免涂层材料在铸造过程中发生熔化并因此与构件的基质材料混合在一起。
可例如借助一种高能喷涂方法,例如高速火焰喷涂(英语:High VelocityOxygen Fuel Spraying;缩写HVOF)或等离子喷镀(缩写APS)来将所述涂层材料涂覆在所述铸造型芯上。
按照本发明的一种空心铸造的透平机叶片具有至少一个空腔和在该空腔中的一内涂层,尤其是MCrAlY内涂层。
基于该内涂层,按照本发明的空心铸造的透平机构件比现有技术中的透平机构件具有更好的抗氧化和抗腐蚀特性,并因此能承受更高的温度。
附图说明
下面借助附图所示实施方式对本发明的其他一些优点和细节予以详细说明。
图1为一个空心铸造的透平机构件的简略视图;
图2至7分别为制造图1所示空心铸造的透平机构件的各阶段的极其简化的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1是一个空心铸造的透平机叶片1的断面示意图。该透平机叶片1包括一叶片体2。在图示实施例中,在该叶片体2中构造有四个空腔3,5,7,9。这些空腔例如供冷却空气流过用。该叶片体2具有一外表面12。该外表面为防止被氧化和/或腐蚀带有一MCrAlY涂层。除此之外,所述叶片体2还具有一些内表面4,6,8,10。这些内表面限定出一些空腔3,5,7,9并构成这些空腔的内壁。这些内表面4,6,8,10同样带有一MCrAlY涂层14,16,18,20,以避免受到腐蚀和/或氧化。
下面借助图2至7对用于制造图1所示透平机叶片1的方法进行描述。然而该方法也可用于给其他空心铸造的构件涂覆内涂层。
作为第一步,首先是为用于铸造该透平机叶片的铸模成形一陶瓷的铸造型芯22并对其进行烧结(参见图2)。下一步(参见图3)是在该陶瓷的铸造型芯22上涂上一MCrAlY涂层14。为此例如可采用一高能喷涂法,例如高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)或等离子喷镀(APS)。该MCrAlY涂层14在铸造型芯上的涂覆厚度在此取决于该透平机叶片内壁上应当具有的内涂层厚度。
在完成给铸造型芯上涂层之后,在该铸造型芯22上注塑出该透平机叶片的一个蜡制模型24(参见图4)。随后将铸模的外部铸壳26安设在该蜡制模型24上。之后使蜡燃尽烧光并使铸壳26烧结,以便完成铸模28的制造(参见图5)。
在完成铸模28的制造之后,在真空中浇铸该透平机叶片1。该透平机叶片1的浇铸典型地在1500℃以下温度进行。所述MCrAlY涂层14的熔点则典型地高于1600℃。因此,在铸造过程中不会发生涂层14的熔化以及进而不会发生该涂层材料与透平机叶片1基质材料的混合。即便在采用其他不同于MCrAlY涂层的涂层时,只要想避免该涂层熔化及该涂层材料与基质材料的混合,浇铸温度就必须低于该涂层材料的熔化温度。
在浇铸结束之后,将铸壳26拆掉并清洁该叶片1(参见图6)。最后对所述铸造型芯22进行碱液浸洗,也就是说借助一种碱液将所述陶瓷的铸造型芯22从已固化的透平机叶片1上去除。由于所述MCrAlY涂层14与叶片材料一样能耐碱液,该MCrAlY涂层14在所述陶瓷的铸造型芯22被碱液洗净后就留在透平机叶片1的内侧上(参见图7)。接下来就可以按照通常的方式对该浇铸好的透平机叶片进行机加工和外侧涂覆。
上述方法不仅适用于给透平机叶片涂上内涂层,而且原则上也适合于给其它空心铸造构件涂上内涂层。同样也可以用该方法来涂覆其他不同于MCrAlY涂层的涂层。铸造型芯也不一定必须用一种陶瓷材料来制造。只需确保铸造型芯能被去除同时涂覆在工件内侧上的涂层不会随之一同被去除即可。
在用于制造铸造型芯或蜡制模型的工具方面,需注意,必须将这样的工具修正一个保护涂层的厚度,以确保该空心铸造的构件有特定的壁厚。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于制造一空心铸造的构件(1)的方法,该空心铸件的至少一个空腔(3,5,7,9)内带有内涂层(14,16,18,20),其中,该构件(1)由一种基质材料铸造而成,在铸造时采用一个包括至少一个用于确定所述至少一个空腔(3,5,7,9)的铸造型芯(22)的铸模,其特征在于,将用于该构件(1)的内涂层(14,16,18,20)的涂层材料在浇铸前涂敷在所述至少一个铸造型芯(22)上,然后利用包括这种铸造型芯(22)的铸模浇铸所述构件(1)并让其凝固硬化,之后将该铸造型芯(22)从所述空腔(3,5,7,9)中这样去除,即,使得所述涂层材料并未被一同去除,从而得到带有内涂层的空心铸件。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,作为用于所述铸造型芯(22)的材料采用这样一种材料,即,该材料借助一种不会侵蚀所述构件(1)的涂层材料和基质材料的化学方法可从所述空腔(3,5,7,9)中去除。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,作为用于所述铸造型芯(22)的材料采用一种陶瓷材料。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,铸造温度低于所述涂层材料的熔化温度。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内涂层(14,16,18,20)是一种MCrAlY材料涂层。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,采用一种高能喷涂方法来将所述涂层材料涂覆在所述铸造型芯(22)上。
7.一种空心铸造的透平机构件,它具有至少一个封闭空腔(3,5,7)和在该封闭空腔(3,5,7)中的一MCrAlY内涂层(14,16,18)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04010492.9 | 2004-05-03 | ||
| EP04010492A EP1593445B1 (de) | 2004-05-03 | 2004-05-03 | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines hohlgegossenen Bauteils mit Innenbeschichtung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1693006A CN1693006A (zh) | 2005-11-09 |
| CN1318160C true CN1318160C (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2005100689161A Expired - Fee Related CN1318160C (zh) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-04-27 | 用于制造带有内涂层的空心铸件的方法及透平机构件 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050241797A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1593445B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1318160C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE502004004360D1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7998604B2 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2011-08-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Article having composite layer |
| US20110171394A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2011-07-14 | Allen David B | Method of making a combustion turbine component using thermally sprayed transient liquid phase forming layer |
| EP2329901A1 (de) * | 2009-12-03 | 2011-06-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gussform mit stabilisiertem inneren Gusskern, Gussverfahren und Gussteil |
| CN102581217A (zh) * | 2012-02-20 | 2012-07-18 | 含山县全兴内燃机配件有限公司 | 一种用于内燃机工作内腔的复合铸渗层的制备方法 |
| US8720526B1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-13 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Process for forming a long gas turbine engine blade having a main wall with a thin portion near a tip |
| US20140183782A1 (en) * | 2013-01-03 | 2014-07-03 | General Electric Company | Mold assembly for forming a cast component and method of manufacturing a mold assembly |
| US9975173B2 (en) | 2013-06-03 | 2018-05-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Castings and manufacture methods |
| US20150183026A1 (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Investment mold having metallic donor element |
| FR3071867B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-02 | 2020-07-31 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Aube composite a matrice ceramique et procede de fabrication d'une telle aube |
| US20200164431A1 (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-05-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods for manufacturing cast components with integral thermal barrier coatings |
| FR3113254B1 (fr) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-11-25 | Safran | Protection contre l’oxydation ou la corrosion d’une pièce creuse en superalliage |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4332843A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1982-06-01 | General Electric Company | Metallic internal coating method |
| CN1060049A (zh) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-04-08 | 联合信号股份有限公司 | 铸件或半固体成型件内复杂孔腔的制造 |
| US5215785A (en) * | 1990-11-10 | 1993-06-01 | Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen- Union Muenchen Gmbh | Method for the powder pack coating of hollow bodies |
| DE19856901A1 (de) * | 1998-12-10 | 2000-06-15 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Verfahren zum Beschichten von Hohlkörpern |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4532974A (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1985-08-06 | Rolls-Royce Limited | Component casting |
| DE3365469D1 (en) * | 1982-11-03 | 1986-09-25 | Secr Defence Brit | Casting of metal articles |
| US6241000B1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2001-06-05 | Howmet Research Corporation | Method for removing cores from castings |
| US6029736A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2000-02-29 | Howmet Research Corporation | Reinforced quartz cores for directional solidification casting processes |
| US7055574B2 (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2006-06-06 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method of producing metal article having internal passage coated with a ceramic coating |
-
2004
- 2004-05-03 EP EP04010492A patent/EP1593445B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-03 DE DE502004004360T patent/DE502004004360D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-04-27 CN CNB2005100689161A patent/CN1318160C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-28 US US11/117,195 patent/US20050241797A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4332843A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1982-06-01 | General Electric Company | Metallic internal coating method |
| CN1060049A (zh) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-04-08 | 联合信号股份有限公司 | 铸件或半固体成型件内复杂孔腔的制造 |
| US5215785A (en) * | 1990-11-10 | 1993-06-01 | Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen- Union Muenchen Gmbh | Method for the powder pack coating of hollow bodies |
| DE19856901A1 (de) * | 1998-12-10 | 2000-06-15 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Verfahren zum Beschichten von Hohlkörpern |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE502004004360D1 (de) | 2007-08-30 |
| EP1593445B1 (de) | 2007-07-18 |
| US20050241797A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
| CN1693006A (zh) | 2005-11-09 |
| EP1593445A1 (de) | 2005-11-09 |
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