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CN1317072A - 风力涡轮机叶片的雷电保护装置 - Google Patents

风力涡轮机叶片的雷电保护装置 Download PDF

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CN1317072A
CN1317072A CN99810500A CN99810500A CN1317072A CN 1317072 A CN1317072 A CN 1317072A CN 99810500 A CN99810500 A CN 99810500A CN 99810500 A CN99810500 A CN 99810500A CN 1317072 A CN1317072 A CN 1317072A
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wind turbine
carbon fiber
blade
turbine blade
reinforced plastic
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CN1120298C (zh
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K·奥尔森
P·格拉保
F·莫勒拉森
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LM Wind Power AS
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LM Glasfiber AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

一种带有避雷器的风力涡轮机叶片，所述避雷器由一条或多条扁长的碳素纤维增强塑料带(1,2,3)制成，这些纤维带最好构成风力涡轮机叶片的一部分。扁长的碳素纤维增强塑料带(1,2,3)以此方式增强了叶片并使雷电分流。

Description

风力涡轮机叶片的雷电保护装置
技术领域
本发明涉及包括避雷器的玻璃纤维和/或碳素纤维风力涡轮机叶片。
背景技术
雷击在极短时间内包含10至200千安极强电流值。由于被封闭在叶片内的空气爆炸性地膨胀，其膨胀效应是极强的，能使叶片炸裂。在叶片内植入缠结的钢绞线的技术是已知的。此时在叶尖处设置一金属集电器，所述金属集电器具有预定的宽度，并用来载获雷电和防止该部位被太强的加热。
此外，借助碳素纤维涂层来增强叶片的技术也是已知的，可选择地将紫铜箔敷贴于碳素纤维涂层上，以保护碳素纤维涂层。
发明简述
本发明的目的是提供一种具有避雷器的增强的风力涡轮机叶片，它比迄今已知的叶片更简单。
按照本发明的风力涡轮机叶片的特点在于避雷器由一条或多条碳素纤维增强塑料带构成，可选择地构成该玻璃纤维叶片的一部分。结果，这些扁长的碳素纤维增强塑料带既增强了叶片，又转移了雷电，同时衰减了随雷电而来的反射电流。
而且，按本发明设有内部增强件的风力涡轮机的特点在于至少一些内部增强件由碳素纤维增强塑料制成。结果，叶片的强度改善了。
此外，这些扁长的碳素纤维增强塑料条按照本发明可借助于该碳素纤维增强塑料内部增强件相互连接。结果，这些避雷器电流以最佳可能的方式被分流，从而，如果有任何损害的话，也被减至最小程度。
并且，普通的避雷器钢绞线可连接于这些碳素纤维增强塑料内部增强件。这种结构在频繁经受大量雷击的地区是大为有利的。
附图简介
下面参照在附图中所示的实施例详细说明本发明。
图1是本发明风力涡轮机叶片的纵剖视面，包括呈扁长的碳素纤维增强塑料条形式的避雷器；
图2是图1风力涡轮机叶片的横剖视图；
图3表示整个风力涡轮机；
图4表示碳素纤维涂层的电阻与宽度的关系；
图5表示能植入风力涡轮机叶片内的避雷器钢绞线。
实施本发明的最佳模式
由雷击造成的风力涡轮机叶片的损坏可能是较容易理解的。在极短时间内包含10至200千安极大的电流值。所包含的功率不大，但其效应是非常强的，由于被封闭在叶片内的空气爆炸性的膨胀，能引起叶片爆裂。在叶片内植入强度大的缠结的钢绞线以转移雷电是已知技术。此时在叶片处设置一特殊的受体，所述受体用于截获雷电并防止该部位过度受热。此外，借助碳素纤维涂层来增强各叶片是已知技术。在碳素纤维涂层上可选择地贴敷一紫铜箔以保护该涂层。
按照本发明，将适量的碳素纤维物质附加叶片上，结果，使叶片本身能用作避雷器。作用避雷器的碳素纤维物质，按照本发明是由一条或多条碳素纤维增强塑料带1、2、3构成的，它们最好构成叶片层压材料的一部分。而且，在各叶片内部可设置一碳棒，而将扁长条1、2、3连接于所述内部碳棒。该叶片可设置内部增强件4。如果希望，可在该内部碳素导体上或在该内部增强件4之一上设置一普通的避雷器钢绞线5。该普通的避雷器钢绞线5可如图5所示构造。然而，该末端是一特殊的构件。图2表示这些扁长的导电带是如何通过导体6能连接于该内部碳导体或内部避雷器钢绞线5的。图1还表示叶端处的受体7。
该叶片用两半部制成随后将它们沿边缘粘结在一起。每个叶片半部采用玻璃材料、铸造的方法碳素纤维层压材料等在模具中来制造。该模子事先已涂以适当的脱模剂，结果，在铸造完成后很容易取出该铸造制品。
按照本发明，可将该叶片的形状制成这样，使所述叶片的几部分由扁长的碳素纤维增强塑料带构成。
这些碳素纤维，例如可从挪威DeVold AMT A/S,6030 LangeVag买到，它们的特点是具有规定的导电率，很细并表现出高的抗拉强度。
由于碳素纤维的抗拉强度高，并高出玻璃纤维抗拉强度许多，因此，常常用预定量的碳素纤维来增强玻璃纤维构件，以提高其抗拉强度，如果希望，还可提高其刚度。
从结构上讲，碳素纤维的导电性能可表现出其优点和缺点两个方面。换句话说，当希望获得，例如抗静电的导电环氧树脂铺面板时，可能在该产品中掺混碳素纤维件，以获得所述性能。另一方面，当希望增强一个要装到户外的大玻璃纤维构件因而包含雷电危险时，这些导电的碳素纤维能构成雷电分流的活跃部分。然而，后者包含局部加热的危险。但当在该结构中采用足够量纤维时，所述纤维能被积极的利用。然而必须知道这些碳素纤维的电特性。材料的电阻率通常系指具有1平方毫米横截面积的1米材料在20℃时欧阻。
但是，不可能获得1平方毫米横截面的碳素纤维，因此选择描述某些实际试验的结果。将用人造树脂粘接的厚度为1厘米的碳素纤维板切成各种宽度，此后测量这些电阻。长度为1米的材料在20℃1平方厘米的电阻率R被测定为300欧。
当材料的宽度大于上述时，电阻小于上述数字。该电阻与材料的横截面积成反比，这由图4中的曲线表示。图4中的该曲线表明电阻R对1厘米恒定厚度和1米恒定长度的材料的各种宽度的关系。如该曲线表示的，电阻R相对于大横截面是相当低的。然而，大区间适合于金属的导电率。
一些纤维适用于各种纤维涂有金属膜如镍膜的场合，因此电阻显著降低，使所述纤维有趣味。换言之，能以普通纤维和防雷金属涂层纤维两种形式来有效地利用这些纤维。即或者当纤维量足够多而厚度和宽度足以保证低的总电阻时作为一直活跃的下导体(downconductor)，或者作为一并联的下导体。这种并联下导体的有效和成体系的等电位结构使它能利用它的下导体功能和它的与雷电电流有关的反射阻尼功能。
附加的避雷器钢绞线为，例如，图5中所示的形式。该主导体12包围一内填充物(11)，所述主导体12包括若干并置的紫铜线。这样布线这些紫铜线使其围绕填充物(11)稍微扭歪。半导体层13包围导体层12，聚乙烯绝缘层14包围所述半导体层13。另一半导体层15包围该聚乙烯层14，一紫铜屏蔽物16包围所述附加的半导体层15。这种结构的优点是每单位长度的电感被降至最小。跨越钢绞线的最终电压降被降至最小，从而使雷击中损坏风力涡轮机其它部件避免到某种程度。该屏蔽物的末端与由spc SCANPOCON ENERGI提供的引线相符合。这些引线被分别称作关于避雷钢绞线上端的“三芯上端指示”("Tricore Upper Termination Instruction")和关于避雷钢绞线下端的“三芯下端指示”。此外，“cold shrinkTM and siliconcRubbcr Termination"引线用于钢绞线的最上端。
图3图示了整个风力涡轮机。该三叶片固定于一可旋转轮毂。该轮毂经一轴和一齿轮箱连于一发电机，所述发电机被容纳在风力涡轮机的旋转壳体内。
参照优先实施例已说明了本发明。然后，可以用许多方法来修改本发明，而不偏离本发明的范围。

Claims (5)

1．一种包括一避雷器的玻璃纤维和/或碳素纤维风力涡轮机叶片，其特征在于该避雷器由一条或多条可选择地构成部分玻璃纤维叶片的扁长的碳素纤维增强塑料带(1、2、3)构成。
2．按权利要求1的风力涡轮机叶片，其特征在于至少一些内部增强件(4)由碳素增强塑料制成。
3．按权利要求2的风力涡轮机叶片，其特征在于至少一些扁长的碳素纤维增强塑料带被此连接。
4．按权利要求2或3的风力涡轮机叶片，其特征在于将普通的避雷器钢绞线(5)固定于内部增强件(4)中的至少一个。
5．按权利要求4的风力涡轮机叶片，其特征在于将避雷器钢绞线(5)的形状制成能使每单位长度的电感减至最小。
CN99810500A 1998-09-09 1999-09-09 风力涡轮机叶片的雷电保护装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1120298C (zh)

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CN101233317B (zh) * 2005-08-01 2010-05-19 歌美飒创新技术公司 风力涡轮机的雷电保护系统
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