CN1316896C - Orange pest mite preventing and killing method using cucumber amblyseius as predatory mite - Google Patents

Abstract

A new method and application of using the predatory mite A. cucurbita A. cucurbita as a natural enemy to prevent and control citrus pest mites, which is characterized in that the use of A. cucurbita. The new use of harmful mites, the methods used include: the control time is to use a special releaser for release control during the fruiting period from the end of July to August each year, and the release position is selected on the main pole, preferably between the branches of the tree crown and the main tree. At the handover position of the rods, the release amount of each citrus tree is 300-500. Compared with the prior art, the control effect of the present invention is remarkable, the amount of spider mites and rust ticks on citrus trees in the bio-control garden can be reduced by 85-90%, the rate of citrus black fruit is only about 2%, and the use of pesticides can be reduced annually for fruit trees. 6 times, the number and types of natural enemies in the bio-control citrus garden have increased by 60-80% compared with the chemical-control garden. The invention creates conditions for the production of green fruit because of the use of biological control in the growth and maturity stage of citrus fruits, and is also beneficial to improving the ecological environment.

Description

A new method and application of using the predatory mite-Amblyseius cucurbita as a natural enemy to control citrus pest mites

The present invention relates to a technique for using predatory mite as a natural enemy of harmful mites that can be used to replace chemical pesticides, in particular to a new method for using the predatory mite-Axyseioides cucurbita as a natural enemy to prevent and control harmful mites in citrus (including pomelo and navel orange) use.

At present: the widespread occurrence and rampant harm of various agricultural and forestry crop pest mites (such as red spider mite, rust tick, tarsal line mite, various acaroid mites, etc.) has become a major problem worldwide. As early as 1965, at the International Biology Program (IBP) conference held in Rome, Italy, spider mites (red spider mites), fruit flies, green peach aphids, rice borers, and shield scales were listed as five major pests. Goals of integrated agricultural governance. It has been the development trend of many different insect pests in agriculture and forestry in my country in recent years that small insects become a catastrophe. Especially after my country's accession to WTO, agriculture will be one of the most affected industries, and agricultural and sideline products will face major challenges, among which pesticide residues are one of the urgent problems to be solved. The production of pollution-free food, the reduction of environmental pollution, and the improvement of the ecological environment have attracted increasing attention from governments at all levels and scientific research and extension departments. However, the pests and mites of crops in my country are still seriously harmful. For example, wheat red spider damage is widespread in wheat producing areas across the country, rice tarsus mite damage can lead to a 30-60% yield reduction, and citrus red spider and rust tick are important pest mites in citrus producing areas in my country, seriously affecting the yield and quality of citrus , There are many kinds of harmful mites in greenhouses, vegetables, flowers, tea gardens, mushrooms, white fungus, shiitake mushrooms and other edible fungi, which are seriously harmful. However, at present in our country, chemical control is still the main method for dealing with various harmful mites of crops. Strawberries, cotton, apples, citrus, and wolfberry are used for 10-20 times a year, and mushrooms, white fungus, and shiitake mushrooms in edible fungi are used for each season. Up to 5-8 times, urban garden flowers 5-6 times, causing serious pollution of the atmosphere, waters or regional ecology. In recent years, the export of Chinese tea has been blocked frequently. The important reason is that dicofol has seriously exceeded the standard. The number of pesticides used for the prevention and control of citrus in my country reaches 10-20 times a year, and some cases reach 30 times. manageable situation. Utilizing beneficial mites and controlling harmful mites is the best way to control harmful mites in the world today. At present, some companies in Europe and North America have carried out factory production of natural enemies (insects, mites), and commercially produced natural enemies (insects, predatory mites) in North America have been widely used in fields, greenhouses, some orchards and other horticultural crops. For example, Washington State of the United States uses predatory mites to prevent and control apple red spiders every year, reducing the cost of pesticides by up to 5 million U.S. dollars; 70-75% of greenhouse flowers and vegetables in countries such as the United Kingdom, Finland, and Sweden mainly use predatory mites to prevent spider mites, thrips, and tarsus. Nematodes, the western blind mites introduced in Australia, were once released on 3,000 hectares of apple and peach trees in Victoria, becoming a classic example of biological control. Although my country carried out in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan and other places in the 1970s and 1980s, the use of western blind mites and local species Amblyseius delbruecki and Amblyneurii to control apple spider mite and tea yellow mite achieved certain success, but These traditional predatory mites are difficult to produce in large quantities, the cost of artificial reproduction is high, and it is difficult to scale up their promotion and use.

It is worth emphasizing that although Amblyseius cucumeris, one of the predatory mites, has been successfully bred abroad, the applicant introduced the mite species of Amblyseius cucumeris from abroad for the first time, and successfully developed the predatory mite after years of arduous exploration. The artificial feed formula of mites and the breeding method of artificial mass reproduction (patents will be applied for at the same time). However, it is known that Amblyseius bred in foreign countries is mainly used in greenhouses to control the pests of cucumbers and peppers—natural enemies of thrips, so as to prevent the occurrence and outbreak of various thrips. It is also found that it can be used as a natural enemy control to prevent the occurrence of thrips in the field. In addition, there are also reports on the use of A. cucurbita mite to effectively control the damage of tarsus mite and Tetranychus urticae on strawberries in greenhouses, but there is no report on the use in citrus orchards: that is, no application of A. cucurbita in foreign countries has been found. Reports on the application of seid mites as natural enemies of mites such as citrus spider mites and rust ticks.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new method of using the predatory mite A. cucurbita A. cucurbita as a natural enemy to prevent and control citrus pest mites, so that it has a good control effect, a long lasting effective time, can greatly reduce the frequency and cost of medication, and reduce pesticides. Residues can greatly increase the yield and quality, which is beneficial to protect the ecological environment.

The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: according to the investigation, it is found that citrus spider mites and rust ticks are the main pest mites in citrus orchards, and farmers usually use pesticides 10-20 times a year for prevention and control. Especially in the fruit-producing period, in order to reduce the rate of "black-skinned fruit" and increase the value of commodities, pesticides are applied (doped) almost once a week, causing serious pesticide pollution. In the southern provinces, citrus is mostly planted in mountainous areas. There are many difficulties in chemical control of high mountains and steep roads. Among them, the spraying of tree heights often endangers spraying farmers and pollutes the surrounding environment. Pest mites such as citrus red spider mites and rust ticks have strong fecundity, and their main activities are on the fruit surface of the back of the leaf, and the contact surface of the medicinal solution has little effect on the control effect. In addition, these two pest mites have a high intrinsic growth rate and strong drug resistance. Relevant studies have shown that its resistance to commonly used pesticides has been enhanced by 10-30 times. The use concentration of some pesticides is getting higher and higher (from 500 times to 2000 times), and many pesticides have no effect on adult mites and eggs. Therefore, spider mite and rust tick have become the most harmful mites on citrus, which is a worldwide problem. For this reason, the innovative feature of the present invention is that we have boldly innovated and researched and utilized the present Adyseiius cucurbita mite that can be produced in large quantities in a factory (commercialization) as a natural enemy (predatory mite) to prevent and treat red spider mites and spider mite on citrus, pomelo, navel orange The new use of harmful mites such as rust ticks. The methods used include: the control time is controlled from July to August (or after July) every year. During the fruiting period, special releasers are used to release beneficial mites. The position of the seid mites is selected on the main pole of the citrus tree, preferably at the junction of the crown branch and the main pole for release, and the release amount of each citrus tree is 300-500.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has been tested and applied in some citrus fields, which shows that the application effect is remarkable, and the amount of spider mites and rust ticks on citrus trees in the biocontrol garden can be reduced by 85-90%, and the citrus black fruit The black fruit rate is only about 2%, which is about 90% lower than that of the control garden. From the release of A. cucurbitus mite in August of that year to March of the following year, the fruit trees generally do not need to apply pesticides, and the number of pesticide applications is reduced by 6 times a year. The number and types of natural enemies in the bio-control citrus garden are therefore 60-80% higher than those in the chemical-control garden. %, biological control can save 30-40 yuan in pesticide cost per mu compared with chemical control, the fruit is big and plump, with high yield, good quality and luster, and high commodity value. According to the fruit price in normal years, the income per mu can increase by 1500- 2000 dollars. The present invention also creates conditions for the production of green fruit by reducing the number of times of pesticide application in the growth and maturity stage of citrus, and is also conducive to improving the ecological environment.

Below in conjunction with specific application examples, the present invention will be described in further detail, and the present invention also has the following several technical characteristics during specific implementation:

1. First of all, we must also pay attention to the coordination of chemical prevention and control work, that is, after the autumn shoots and 10-20 days before the release of A. cucurbita A. cucurbita, a chemical control (pesticide spraying) must be carried out in advance in the entire citrus orchard. The main objects of prevention and control are leaf miners, scale insects, aphids, and scab-wearing diseases, and at the same time reduce the base number of spider mites and rust ticks. It is best to keep the number of spider mites within 5 and rust ticks within 10 -Release when within 20. Older orange trees can release A. cucurbita in late July to early August, and young and middle-aged orange trees can release them in mid-to-late August after autumn shoots.

2. The citrus orchards that use the natural enemy A. cucurbitus A. cucurbita as predator mite control should minimize the number of reclamation and weeding, and must also keep shallow root weeds or carry out grass cultivation, so that predator mites and other natural enemies have a good winter and summer Sites and transitional hosts.

Claims (5)

1. the purposes of utilizing amblyseius cucumeris oudeman (Amblyseius cucumeris) to prevent and treat Citrus evil mite as natural enemy, wherein said Citrus is citrus, sweet shaddock or navel orange, described harmful mite is two spotted spider mite or blister mite.

2. method of utilizing amblyseius cucumeris oudeman for natural enemy control pest mite of citrus, this method comprises: in the fruiting period in July to August in every year, when every leaf two spotted spider mite quantity within 5, and/or blister mite quantity is in the time of 10-20, discharging amblyseius cucumeris oudeman prevents and treats, the position that discharges is the handing-over position of mobile jib or the tree crown branch and the mobile jib of orange tree, and the burst size of every strain orange tree is 300-500.

3. the method for utilizing amblyseius cucumeris oudeman for natural enemy control pest mite of citrus according to claim 2, wherein said orange tree is aged orange tree, be late July release time.

4. the method for utilizing amblyseius cucumeris oudeman for natural enemy control pest mite of citrus according to claim 2, wherein said orange tree be orange tree in young, middle age, and be mid or late August release time.

5. the method for utilizing amblyseius cucumeris oudeman for natural enemy control pest mite of citrus according to claim 2, this method further comprises: use the citrus garden of evil mite natural enemy amblyseius cucumeris oudeman control to reduce and cultivate multiple weeding number of times, and keep the shallow root system weeds or carry out the sward cultivation.