CN1315743C

CN1315743C - Integrated anaerobic-wetland wastewater treatment apparatus and method therefor

Info

Publication number: CN1315743C
Application number: CNB2003101040633A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓良伟
Original assignee: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2003-12-22
Filing date: 2003-12-22
Publication date: 2007-05-16
Anticipated expiration: 2023-12-22
Also published as: CN1631817A

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment, which is mainly used for treating domestic wastewater, livestock and poultry culturing wastewater and industrial wastewater. The present invention comprises a buried anaerobic treatment system and an artificial wetland treatment system positioned on the buried anaerobic treatment system. The present invention mainly comprises: wastewater passing through grills enters an anaerobic digesting pond through water distributing holes of a water entering room and then enters an anaerobic filtering pond in which elastic fillers or soft fillers are contained; afterwards, the wastewater enters a facultative filtering pond, and the wastewater treated by the facultative filtering pond is treated by entering artificial wetland through overflow holes in the upper part of the facultative filtering pond. Generated marsh gas is stored in the upper parts of the anaerobic digesting pond and the anaerobic filtering pond, and the artificial wetland lies in a wetting and drying alternative state in the alternative processes of generating the marsh gas and using the marsh gas, which generates a nitrifying-denitrifying effect. The device and the method for wastewater treatment of the present invention have obvious advantages of no energy consumption, low operational management cost, little sludge, convenient operational management, no need of management by special personnel, easy maintenance, recovery of energy sources-marsh gas and no need of independent marsh gas storing devices.

Description

Integrated anaerobic-wetland wastewater treatment device and method

技术领域本发明属于环境工程废水处理领域，主要用于生活污水处理，畜禽养殖废水处理以及工业废水处理。Technical Field The present invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering wastewater treatment, and is mainly used for domestic sewage treatment, livestock and poultry breeding wastewater treatment and industrial wastewater treatment.

背景技术概括起来，废水处理有物理处理法、化学处理法、物化处理法以及生物处理法。物理处理法仅用于去除粗大固体物质，主要用于预处理。其余三种处理方法用于去除溶解性和胶体性有机物。其中生物处理是最为经济有效的方法，广泛用于工业有机废水、城镇生活污水的处理。生物处理又有厌氧处理、好氧处理以及自然处理等，各有所长，厌氧处理直接处理高浓度有机废水，能耗低，但出水有机物浓度高；好氧处理处理出水有机物浓度低，但能耗高；自然处理出水浓度低，特别是对氮磷去除效果好，但占地大。本发明基于厌氧处理与自然处理的优点，规避自然处理占地多的缺点，开发一种一体化的厌氧处理-人工湿地废水处理工艺。Background technology To sum up, wastewater treatment includes physical treatment, chemical treatment, physicochemical treatment and biological treatment. Physical treatment is only used to remove coarse solids and is mainly used for pretreatment. The remaining three treatments are used to remove dissolved and colloidal organics. Among them, biological treatment is the most economical and effective method, which is widely used in the treatment of industrial organic wastewater and urban domestic sewage. Biological treatment includes anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment and natural treatment, etc., each has its own strengths. Anaerobic treatment directly treats high-concentration organic wastewater with low energy consumption, but the concentration of organic matter in the effluent is high; the concentration of organic matter in the effluent treated by aerobic treatment is low. However, the energy consumption is high; the effluent concentration of natural treatment is low, especially for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, but it occupies a large area. Based on the advantages of anaerobic treatment and natural treatment, the invention avoids the disadvantage of natural treatment occupying a large area, and develops an integrated anaerobic treatment-constructed wetland wastewater treatment process.

发明内容本发明将厌氧处理系统建于地下，在厌氧处理系统上建人工湿地，使地埋式厌氧处理系统与人工湿地处理系统成为一整体。废水经过格栅后进入地埋式厌氧处理系统，经地埋式厌氧处理系统处理后自流进入位于厌氧处理系统顶部的人工湿地进行进一步处理。厌氧处理系统包括格栅，折流式厌氧消化池、折流式厌氧滤池和折流式兼性滤池。产生的沼气贮存于厌氧消化池和厌氧滤池的上部。当产生沼气时，沼气将厌氧消化池、厌氧滤池废水压往水压间、兼性滤池和人工湿地；当使用沼气时，水压间、兼性滤池和人工湿地的废水流入厌氧消化池、厌氧滤池内。在沼气产生、使用的交替过程中，人工湿地处于干湿交替状态，具有硝化-反硝化效果。本发明的废水处理工艺具有以下优点：Summary of the invention The present invention builds the anaerobic treatment system underground, and builds a constructed wetland on top of the anaerobic treatment system, so that the buried anaerobic treatment system and the constructed wetland treatment system are integrated. Wastewater enters the buried anaerobic treatment system after passing through the grid, and after being treated by the buried anaerobic treatment system, it flows into the artificial wetland at the top of the anaerobic treatment system for further treatment. The anaerobic treatment system includes grille, baffled anaerobic digester, baffled anaerobic filter and baffled facultative filter. The generated biogas is stored in the upper part of the anaerobic digester and anaerobic filter. When biogas is produced, the biogas presses the wastewater from the anaerobic digester and anaerobic filter to the water pressure room, facultative filter and artificial wetland; when using biogas, the wastewater from the hydraulic pressure room, facultative filter and artificial wetland flows into Anaerobic digester, anaerobic filter. During the alternation process of biogas production and use, the constructed wetland is in an alternating state of dryness and wetness, with nitrification-denitrification effects. The wastewater treatment process of the present invention has the following advantages:

a可就近处理就近排放；a It can be disposed of nearby and discharged nearby;

b不耗能、运行管理费用低；b No energy consumption, low operation and management costs;

c污泥少；c less sludge;

d运行管理方便，不需专人管理，易于维护；d Convenient operation and management, no special management is required, and easy maintenance;

e可以回收能源-沼气；e can recover energy - biogas;

f不需要再单独建沼气贮气装置。f There is no need to build a biogas storage device separately.

附图说明附图是一体化厌氧-湿地废水处理工艺示意图，废水处理步骤如下：Description of the drawings The attached drawing is a schematic diagram of the integrated anaerobic-wetland wastewater treatment process. The wastewater treatment steps are as follows:

a废水首先经过格栅1拦截粗大残渣等固态物质，格栅井可兼作沉砂池。a The waste water passes through the grid 1 first to intercept solid substances such as coarse residues, and the grid well can also be used as a grit chamber.

b经过格栅后的废水通过进水间2的布水孔进入厌氧消化池3，进水间也是水压间。厌氧消化池的作用在于将废水中的颗粒状的无机、有机物质和寄生虫卵沉淀分离，去除大部分悬浮物，减少进入厌氧滤池的悬浮物浓度，沉淀的固态有机物以及部分溶解的和胶体状有机物在厌氧消化池发厌氧酵产生沼气。b. After passing through the grille, the waste water enters the anaerobic digester 3 through the water distribution hole in the water inlet room 2, and the water inlet room is also a hydraulic pressure room. The role of the anaerobic digestion tank is to separate the granular inorganic and organic matter and parasite eggs in the wastewater, remove most of the suspended matter, reduce the concentration of suspended matter entering the anaerobic filter, precipitated solid organic matter and partially dissolved and colloidal organic matter are anaerobically fermented in the anaerobic digester to produce biogas.

c经过厌氧消化池处理的废水进入厌氧滤池4，厌氧滤池内设置弹性填料或软填料5附着微生物，其作用是利用附着的和悬浮的微生物降解去除大部分溶解性有机污染物，并产生沼气。c The wastewater treated by the anaerobic digester enters the anaerobic filter 4, and the elastic filler or soft filler 5 is set in the anaerobic filter to attach microorganisms, and its function is to use the attached and suspended microorganisms to degrade and remove most of the dissolved organic pollutants , and produce biogas.

d经过厌氧滤池处理的废水进入兼性滤池6，兼性滤池内设滤料7，滤料可采用聚胺脂泡沫，兼性滤池留有通气空隙，功能是截留固体物质，兼氧细菌分解去除有机污染物。d. The waste water treated by the anaerobic filter enters the facultative filter 6, and the filter material 7 is arranged in the facultative filter. The filter material can be polyurethane foam, and the facultative filter has ventilation gaps, and the function is to retain solid matter. Facultative bacteria decompose and remove organic pollutants.

厌氧消化池、厌氧滤池均密封，设置检查人孔、活动盖板和沼气导管8。打开人孔活动盖板，可抽排污泥以及对厌氧消化池、厌氧滤池进行检修和维护。Both the anaerobic digester and the anaerobic filter are sealed, and inspection manholes, movable covers and biogas conduits 8 are set. Open the movable cover of the manhole to pump out the sludge and carry out inspection and maintenance on the anaerobic digester and anaerobic filter.

e经过兼性滤池处理的废水通过兼性滤池上方的溢流孔9进入人工湿地10。在人工湿地中，铺一层厚30～60cm粒径0.5～3cm的石灰石或碳花11，废水水位以刚刚淹没石灰石或碳花为宜，在石灰石或碳花上种植水生植物如水花生12等。建造一个的类似于沼泽的湿地，当富营养化废水流过人工湿地时，经石灰石、碳花过滤，植物根际的多种微生物活动，其中的污染物质和营养物质被系统吸收或分解，实现营养物质的闭合循环，使水质得到净化。e The waste water treated by the facultative filter enters the constructed wetland 10 through the overflow hole 9 above the facultative filter. In the artificial wetland, lay a layer of limestone or carbon flower 11 with a thickness of 30-60 cm and a particle size of 0.5-3 cm. The water level of the wastewater should be just submerged in the limestone or carbon flower. Plant aquatic plants such as water peanuts 12 on the limestone or carbon flower. Build a wetland similar to a swamp. When the eutrophic waste water flows through the artificial wetland, it is filtered by limestone and carbon flowers, and various microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the plant are active. The pollutants and nutrients in it are absorbed or decomposed by the system to achieve The closed cycle of nutrients purifies the water quality.

根据出水要求，经过厌氧处理系统顶上人工湿地处理后的废水可再采用氧化塘或人工湿地进一步处理。According to the effluent requirements, the wastewater treated by the constructed wetland on top of the anaerobic treatment system can be further treated by the oxidation pond or constructed wetland.

Claims

1. A process for wastewater treatment, which is composed of an integrated underground anaerobic treatment system and a constructed wetland treatment system, characterized in that: the wastewater enters the buried anaerobic treatment system after passing through the grid, After being treated by the anaerobic treatment system, it flows into the constructed wetland at the top of the anaerobic treatment system for further treatment.

2. The wastewater treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the buried anaerobic treatment system includes an anaerobic digester, an anaerobic filter, a hydraulic chamber and a facultative filter, wherein the anaerobic digester, the anaerobic The oxygen filter is sealed; the water pressure room and the oxygen filter are connected to the atmosphere.

3. The wastewater treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the constructed wetland is located at the top of the anaerobic treatment system, and the constructed wetland is filled with limestone and carbon residue and planted with aquatic plants.

4. The waste water treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the generated biogas is stored in the upper part of the anaerobic digester and the anaerobic filter, and when the biogas is generated, the biogas will flow into the anaerobic digester and the anaerobic filter The waste water is pressed to the hydraulic pressure room, facultative filter and artificial wetland; when biogas is used, the wastewater from the hydraulic pressure room, facultative filter and artificial wetland flows into the anaerobic digester and anaerobic filter.

5. The wastewater treatment process according to claim 4, characterized in that: during the alternate process of biogas generation and use, the constructed wetland is in an alternate state of dryness and wetness, and has nitrification-denitrification effects.