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CN1309845C - Direct smelting furnace - Google Patents

Direct smelting furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1309845C
CN1309845C CNB001203029A CN00120302A CN1309845C CN 1309845 C CN1309845 C CN 1309845C CN B001203029 A CNB001203029 A CN B001203029A CN 00120302 A CN00120302 A CN 00120302A CN 1309845 C CN1309845 C CN 1309845C
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China
Prior art keywords
melting furnace
furnace
waste gas
smelting furnace
melting
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Expired - Lifetime
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CNB001203029A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1278011A (en
Inventor
塞西尔·P·贝茨
彼得·D·伯克
罗德尼·J·德赖
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Tata Steel Ltd
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Technological Resources Pty Ltd
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Publication of CN1278011A publication Critical patent/CN1278011A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/08—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in hearth-type furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C21B13/0026—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide in the flame of a burner or a hot gas stream
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/22—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B3/225—Oxygen blowing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/30—Arrangements for extraction or collection of waste gases; Hoods therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1545—Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种直接熔炼炉，其适于容纳金属和熔渣的熔池。该熔炼炉包括废气排泄管，该废气排泄管具有：(a)第一部分，从其入口端相对于水平方向略微向上倾斜；(b)第二部分，其从第一部分的上端相对于水平方向以较大的倾斜向上延伸。

Figure 00120302

The present invention discloses a direct smelting furnace adapted to contain a molten bath of metal and slag. The smelting furnace includes an exhaust gas discharge pipe having: (a) a first portion inclined slightly upward from the horizontal direction from its inlet end; (b) a second portion inclined from the upper end of the first portion relative to the horizontal direction at The larger slope extends upwards.

Figure 00120302

Description

Direct smelting furnace
The present invention relates to a kind of direct smelting furnace, be used for from producing molten metal (comprising metal alloy) such as the raw metal of ore and partial reduction ore.
The present invention be more particularly directed to a kind of smelting furnace that can be used for the direct melting technology of melting pool type.
Term " melting " is understood that to be attended by the heating process with the chemical reaction generation of reduced oxide here.
Term " directly melting technology " here is understood that from go out the technology of molten metal such as direct production the raw metal of iron ore and partially reduced iron ore stone.
The present invention be more particularly directed to the waste gas waste pipe of direct smelting furnace.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of waste gas waste pipe, it can make melting material and the entrained solid loss of waste gas reach minimum.
According to the present invention, a kind of direct smelting furnace is provided, it is suitable for holding the molten bath of metal and slag, and comprises: burner hearth; From the upwardly extending sidewall of burner hearth; The top; With the waste gas waste pipe that stretches out from smelting furnace top, it is used for from the smelting furnace combustion gas, and these waste gas are directly producing in smelting furnace in the fusion process, and this waste gas waste pipe comprises:
(a) first part begins to be inclined upwardly slightly with respect to horizontal direction from its inlet end;
(b) second section, its upper end from first part begins to extend upward with bigger inclination with respect to horizontal direction.
In use, waste gas is forced through the rapid variation on the direction and enters first part.Should think that entrained melting material contacts and is deposited on solid in the waste gas subsequently: (i) on the wall of the smelting furnace in inlet end zone; (ii) on the wall in the inlet end zone of first part (especially upper wall); Thereby separate with waste gas.Being deposited on melting material on these walls and solid moves downward and enters smelting furnace.
In addition, in use, the end that the exhaust flow that moves along first part is forced in this first part is through the rapid variation on the direction and flow into second section.Therefore, the melting material that carries in the waste gas is tending towards contacting and being deposited on the upwardly extending wall that is in the first part end with solid, thereby separates with waste gas.Should think that in this regional pipeline, melting material or maintenance molten state perhaps are set on the wall.Keep the melting material of molten state to flow into first part downwards and enter smelting furnace along first part.The accumulation of solidifying is on wall and with sedimentary solid spallation and to falling into first part.Consider that in first part, the material that solidifies can melt and flow back into smelting furnace, perhaps is melted material and takes back into smelting furnace under the situation of relative comparatively high temps.
The first part of slight inclination can avoid the potential serious problems, and that is exactly to carry out in the process of direct melting in smelting furnace or after stopping work, can damage as equipment such as jet pipe/blowpipes because the solid increase falls back to smelting furnace.For the personnel that when stopping work, carry out maintenance service, thisly fall back to also existing potential serious safety problem.
Preferably consider the operating mode of melting when forming first part, make at least with waste gas and enter the major portion of melting material of first part in the fusing of the end of the first part of slight inclination.This feature has guaranteed to reach minimum in the solid increase of first part's inner accumulated.
At this on the one hand, preferably first part is arranged to be less than 100 ℃, and the temperature of entire first portion is maintained on the fusing point of melting material along the temperature reduction of its length direction.
Preferably be less than 15 gram/Nm from the amount of the entrained material (melts and solid) of the waste gas of second section discharge 3, the preferred 10 gram/Nm that are less than 3
The slight inclination amount that first part makes progress with respect to horizontal direction preferably is less than 30 °, preferredly is less than 20 °.
This pitch angle is preferably less than 10 °.
Second section is preferably 80-90 ° with respect to the bigger pitch angle of level.
Smelting furnace preferably has the plug back bending that connects first part and second section.
The plug back bending preferably has the hole of entering at its plug end.
Smelting furnace preferably includes from the upwardly extending waste gas of furnace roof chamber, and the first part of waste gas waste pipe extends from the waste gas chamber.
The first part of waste gas waste pipe preferably stretches out from the sidewall in waste gas chamber.
The length of first part and the ratio of its minimum width dimension are 2: 1 at least, and this moment, the length of first part was to measure between the intersection point of the intersection point of the first and second part medullary rays and first part's medullary ray and the vertical curve by first part's inlet end.Being provided with waste gas chamber and first part is that the intersection point between the vertical medullary ray in the medullary ray of first part and waste gas chamber is the measurement point of first part's inlet end under the situation of stretching out of the sidewall from this chamber.
General, first and second parts are cylindrical, and the minimum width dimension of the first part that mentions in the above-mentioned paragraph is the diameter of first part.
Preferably form second section like this, making along the decline of the temperature on its length direction is enough to make that the major portion at least by all entrained melting materials of the exhaust flow of second section is solidified before waste gas arrives the second section end.This enters the emission-control equipment in downstream with regard to having guaranteed the least possible melting material, as hot cyclone and hot washer, melting material in the waste gas is diminished to the negative impact of these devices.
The waste gas chamber preferably is provided with along the center.
Smelting furnace preferably has at least one and is used for jet pipe to the furnace injection oxygen-containing gas, and it passes the waste gas chamber and extends downwardly in the smelting furnace.
The ratio of the minimum width dimension of smelting furnace and waste gas chamber sidewall preferably is 1.5: 1 at least.Be passed down through under the situation in waste gas chamber this ratio preferably 1.5: 1 to 2: 1 at the oxygen-containing gas jet pipe.Be under the situation of not passing the waste gas chamber at gas spray pipe, the ratio of this minimum width dimension can be as high as 4: 1.
The top begins to be inclined upwardly with respect to horizontal axis from sidewall, and the pitch angle is in the scope of 30 to 50 ° (promptly the interior angle of measuring between sidewall and top is 120 to 130 °).
Should it be 40 ° with respect to the pitch angle of horizontal axis.
Sidewall is preferably cylindrical, and the top is a conical butt, and this top originates in the sidewall top and ties and terminates in the waste gas chamber.Preferably 8 meters of the minimum width dimension of melting furnace wall.
According to the present invention, also provide the direct melting technology that is applicable to above-mentioned smelting furnace.
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, further introduce the present invention in illustrative mode, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the vertical section figure of metallurgical smelting furnace, its with the formal description of sketch preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical section figure on the top of another metallurgical smelting furnace, and it has described another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Below be described in the process that relates in the context adopt the direct melting iron ore of technology of a kind of HIsmelt (registered trademark) mode and produce molten pig.Should understand and the invention is not restricted to direct melting iron ore, also be applicable to any suitable metallic ore of melting, concentrate and other raw metals-comprise partial reduction metallic ore.Will also be understood that and the invention is not restricted to HIsmelt technology.
Smelting furnace shown in Figure 1 is provided with burner hearth, and burner hearth comprises pedestal 3 and the lateral margin 55 that is made of water-fast brick; Protrude upward sidewall 5 from furnace chamber lateral margin 55, generally form cylindrical tube shape, it comprises top cylinder portion 51 and doffing portion 53; Top 7; The waste gas waste pipe 9 that stretches out from smelting furnace top; Be used for discharging continuously the forehearth 71 of molten metal; Be used to discharge the slag notch 61 of slag.
Waste gas waste pipe 9 comprises the acclivitous slightly first part 31 and the bigger second section 33 that tilts, and wherein first part 31 is 7 ° a angle from inlet end 63 beginnings with horizontal direction, and second section 33 begins vertical extension from the other end of first part 31.Two portions 31 and 33 are cylindrical.
Form Working environment and other correlative factors that first part 31 will consider that smelting furnace is interior, the feasible length maintenance molten state that enters the melting material of first part along first part.In other words, first part is set, makes its temperature inside especially make the temperature in its wall zone be higher than the zero pour of melting material.
Second section 33 feasible temperature reductions along its length direction are set to be enough to when the entrained melting material of exhaust flow arrives the end of second section 33 major portion at least of all melting materials be solidified.
In use, smelting furnace comprises the molten bath of iron and slag, wherein has melting metal layer 15 and the molten slag layer 16 that is on the melting metal layer 15.Label is the static surface that 17 arrow is represented metal level 15, represents the static surface of molten slag layer 16 and label is 19 arrow.Term " static surface " is understood that it is surface when not having gas and solid to spurt in the smelting furnace.
Smelting furnace also has 2 solid jet pipe/mouth of blast pipe 11, and it is under 30 ° of-60 ° of angles, inwardly passes sidewall 5 and enter molten slag layer 16 with respect to vertical direction.Select the position of jet pipe/mouth of blast pipe 11, its bottom is positioned on the static surface of metal level 15.
In use, entrained iron ore (generally being meticulous), solid carbon raw material (generally being coal) and solubility promoter (generally being unslaked lime and magnesium oxide) is injected into metal level 15 by jet pipe/mouth of blast pipe 11 in the carrier gas.The momentum of solid material/carrier gas makes solid material and carrier gas penetrating metal layer 15.Coal is liquefied in metal level and produces gas.Carbon part dissolves in metal, and part keeps the solid carbon state.Iron ore is smelted into metal, and melting reaction produces CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas.Infeed metal level 15, produce and metal level produced buoyancy by gas that melting produced (owing to solid/gas/injection imports metal level) by liquefaction, lift molten metal, solid carbon and slag, this buoyancy produces the splashing of molten metal and slag, the spittle and moving upward of shoving, and these splash, the spittle and shove carrying slag when moving through molten slag layer.
The buoyancy that acts on molten metal, solid carbon and slag produces the successive stirring movement at metal level 15 and molten slag layer 16, causes molten slag layer 16 volume expanded and has surface as shown in arrow 30.The degree that stirs will reach the suitable uniform temperature in metal and slag zone-generally between 1450-1550 ℃, and temperature variation is in 30 ℃ scope.
In addition, the splashing of molten metal that is produced by the buoyancy that acts on molten metal, solid carbon and slag and slag, the spittle and moving upward of shoving reach the space 71 (" headspace ") that is higher than melting material in the smelting furnace and form zone of transition 23.
In general term, molten slag layer 16 is liquid continuous spaces, wherein be mingled with bubble, and zone of transition 23 is gas continuous spaces, is accompanied by the splashing of molten metal and slag, the spittle and shoves.
Smelting furnace also comprises the jet pipe 13 that is used to spray oxygen-containing gas (generally being the rich oxygen containing air that preheats), and it is provided with and stretches into straight down smelting furnace along the center.Select the position and the gas velocity that flows through jet pipe 13 of jet pipe 13, make oxygen-containing gas penetrate the central zone of zone of transition 23, around jet pipe 13 ends, keep the freeboard of the metal/slag of necessity.
Utilize jet pipe 13 to spray oxygen-containing gas, quickened the combustion reactions in the freeboard 25 around zone of transition 23 and the jet pipe of CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas and hydrogen, thereby produce 2000 ℃ or higher high temperature in space, gas place.The melting material that these heats are sent in the gas injection zone splashing of rising and descend, the spittle and shove, this heat partly passes to metal level 15 again when metal/slag returns metal level 15.
Said process has produced considerable exhausted air quantity, and they are in 1550 to 1650 ℃ the temperature range and are being mingled with melting material and solid.Solid in the inclusion material generally is powder type.
The exhaust flow of first part 31 of slight inclination that enters waste gas waste pipe 9 from headspace 71 is through inlet end 63, along the length direction of first part 31, through the small curvature radius turning of its end, then upwards by second section 33.Waste gas is in the inlet end 63 of first part 31 and the rapid direction variation of small curvature radius corner process that connects first and second parts.Introduce as top, the melting material that the rapid variation of these directions causes being entrained in the waste gas contacts, is deposited on the regional A that draws circle of pipeline upper wall and stroke collar region B of pipeline end wall with solid.At regional A, should think that sedimentary melting material keeps molten state and flows in the smelting furnace downwards, and sedimentary solid also is melted material and brings back to smelting furnace.In area B, should think that the partial melting material keeps molten state, and remaining melting material has solidified.The melting material of maintenance molten state flows to end wall downwards and enters first part 31, enters smelting furnace along first part 31 then.The melting material that solidifies further is deposited on the wall, until spallation to falling go back to going into first part 31.By forming first part 31, make the temperature on the entire first portion length be higher than the zero pour of melting material, guarantee the fusing of major portion at least of solidification material and flow back into smelting furnace along the slight inclination direction.The solid of maintenance solid state is melted material and brings back to smelting furnace.
Above-mentioned waste gas waste pipe 9 can be separated the major portion and the waste gas of the melting material that is carried, makes the material that is carried (being melting material and the solid) total amount of discharging from second section 33 remain below 15 gram/(Nm 3Waste gas) level.In addition, the first part 31 of slight inclination has avoided the potential serious problems, when that carries out direct smelting operation exactly in smelting furnace or when stopping work, can avoid increasing the smelting furnace that falls back to going into and destroying such as equipment such as jet pipe/mouth of blast pipe because of solid gathers.In addition, the first part 31 of slight inclination can be the top slot milling of smelting furnace, thereby can allow loading lifting mechanism enter and take or reinstall oxygen-containing gas spray tube 13 away, promptly allow loading lifting mechanism to enter the inside of smelting furnace by the top of smelting furnace, this needs when changing furnace lining.
The basic element of character of smelting furnace shown in Figure 2, promptly burner hearth, sidewall, top and waste gas waste pipe, solid spray tube and oxygen-containing gas spray tube and smelting furnace shown in Figure 1 is identical.In addition, the basic melting pool type melting technology of using in smelting furnace shown in Figure 2 is identical with the corresponding narration of Fig. 1.Therefore, the following explanation of Fig. 2 and this figure thereof concentrates on the difference of two embodiment of the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 2, smelting furnace comprises cylindrical exhaust gas chamber 79, and it 7 protrudes upward from the top, and waste gas waste pipe 9 stretches out from the sidewall 93 in this waste gas chamber 79.Form movably inlet on the roof 91 in waste gas chamber 79, allow to enter smelting furnace.
Waste gas chamber 79 is provided with along the center, so top 7 is frusto-conical and forms 130 ° angle with the top cylinder portion 51 of melting furnace wall 5.Top cylinder portion 51 is 1.8: 1 with the ratio of the diameter in waste gas chamber 79.
Do not illustrate simultaneously, the roof 91 that oxygen-containing gas spray tube 13 is arranged to pass waste gas chamber 79 extends downwards.
The first part 31 and the horizontal direction of waste gas waste pipe 9 are 7 ° a angle, and its second section 33 vertically is provided with from these first part's 31 beginnings.
Select the size of the first part 31 of waste gas waste pipe 9, making its length L (being to measure between the intersection point of the vertical medullary ray in the intersection point of first and second parts, 31,33 medullary rays and first part's medullary ray and waste gas chamber 79) and the ratio of diameter is 3.7: 1.
In use, in order to enter first part 31 from waste gas chamber 79, and then enter second section 33 from first part 31, waste gas has passed through bigger direction to be changed.Narration accordingly among the embodiment as shown in Figure 1, feasible melting material that is carried of these bigger directions variations and deposition of solids are on the exposed surface of regional A that draws circle and B, thereby the material (melting material and solid) that is easy to be carried is isolated from waste gas.
The second section 33 of waste gas waste pipe 9 is positioned at the upper wall of first part 31; make the end wall 87 of first part 31 form a plug back bending; in use, gather here that the material (melting material and solid) that is carried-shown in dash area among the figure-this has protected end wall.
In addition, be formed with removable inlet on the end wall 87 of the first part 31 of waste gas waste pipe 9, allow to enter the waste gas waste pipe.
Under the prerequisite that does not exceed the spirit and scope of the present invention, can do many variations to above-mentioned preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (38)

1.一种直接熔炼炉，其适于容纳金属和熔渣的熔池，并包括：炉膛；从炉膛向上延伸的侧壁；顶部；和从熔炼炉上部伸出的废气排泄管，其用于从熔炼炉中排出废气，而这些废气是在直接熔炼过程中在熔炼炉中产生的，该废气排泄管包括：1. A direct smelting furnace adapted to contain a molten bath of metal and slag, comprising: a hearth; side walls extending upwardly from the hearth; a top; and an exhaust gas discharge pipe extending from the upper portion of the smelting furnace for Exhaust gases from the smelting furnace, which are generated in the smelting furnace during the direct smelting process, the exhaust pipe consists of: (a)第一部分，从其入口端相对于水平方向向上的倾斜量小于30°；(a) the first part, which slopes upward from the horizontal at less than 30° from its inlet end; (b)第二部分，其从所述第一部分的上端相对于所述第一部分以更陡的倾斜向上延伸。(b) A second portion extending upwardly from the upper end of the first portion at a steeper inclination relative to the first portion. 2.一种如权利要求1所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，第一部分相对于水平向上的倾斜量要小于20°。2. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the inclination of the first part relative to the horizontal is less than 20°. 3.一种如权利要求2所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，第一部分相对于水平方向的倾斜角小于10°。3. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the inclination angle of the first part with respect to the horizontal is less than 10°. 4.一种如权利要求1-3任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，第二部分相对于水平方向的倾斜角为80-90°。4. A melting furnace according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the inclination angle of the second part relative to the horizontal direction is 80-90°. 5.一种如权利要求1-3任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，第一部分的长度与其最小宽度尺寸的比率至少是2∶1，此时第一部分的长度是在第一和第二部分中心线的交点以及第一部分中心线和通过第一部分入口端的竖直线的交点之间测量的。5. A smelting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the ratio of the length of the first portion to its smallest width dimension is at least 2:1, when the length of the first portion is between the first and Measured between the intersection of the centerline of the second section and the intersection of the centerline of the first section with a vertical line passing through the inlet end of the first section. 6.一种如权利要求1-3任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，其包括用于连接第一部分和第二部分的堵头回弯。6. A smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that it comprises a plug return bend for connecting the first part and the second part. 7.一种如权利要求5所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，堵头回弯在其堵头端具有进入孔。7. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the plug return bend has access holes at its plug end. 8.一种如权利要求1-3任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，其包括从顶部向上伸出的废气腔，而废气排泄管的第一部分从废气腔伸出。8. A smelting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that it comprises a waste gas chamber protruding upward from the top, and the first part of the waste gas discharge pipe protrudes from the waste gas chamber. 9.一种如权利要求8所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，熔炼炉和废气腔侧壁的最小宽度尺寸的比率至少是1.5∶1。9. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the ratio of the smallest width dimension of the side walls of the melting furnace and the exhaust chamber is at least 1.5:1. 10.一种如权利要求8所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，废气排泄管的第一部分从废气腔的侧壁伸出。10. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the first part of the flue gas discharge pipe extends from the side wall of the flue gas chamber. 11.一种如权利要求10所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，第一部分的长度与其最小宽度尺寸的比率至少是2∶1，第一部分长度是在第一和第二部分中心线的交点以及第一部分中心线和废气腔的竖直中心线的交点之间测量的。11. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 10, wherein the ratio of the length of the first portion to its smallest width dimension is at least 2:1, the length of the first portion being at the intersection of the centerlines of the first and second portions and Measured between the intersection of the centerline of the first section and the vertical centerline of the exhaust chamber. 12.一种如权利要求8所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，废气腔的上端形成有堵头回弯。12. A smelting furnace as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, the upper end of the waste gas chamber is formed with a plug bend. 13.一种如权利要求8所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，废气腔沿中心设置。13. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the waste gas chamber is arranged along the center. 14.一种如权利要求8所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，其至少包括一个用于向炉内喷射含氧气体的喷管，其穿过废气腔向下延伸到熔炼炉内。14. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that it comprises at least one nozzle for injecting oxygen-containing gas into the furnace, which extends downwardly into the melting furnace through the waste gas chamber. 15.一种如权利要求1-3任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，顶部从侧壁开始相对于水平轴线向上倾斜，倾斜角在30到50°的范围内，即在侧壁和顶部之间测量的内角为120到130°的范围内。15. A smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the top is inclined upwards from the side wall relative to the horizontal axis, and the inclination angle is in the range of 30 to 50°, that is, at the side wall The internal angle measured between the top and top is in the range of 120 to 130°. 16.一种如权利要求15所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，该相对于水平轴线的倾斜角是40°。16. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the angle of inclination relative to the horizontal axis is 40°. 17.一种如权利要求15所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，侧壁是圆柱形，顶部是截头圆锥形，该顶部起始于侧壁顶端而结止于废气腔。17. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the side walls are cylindrical and the top is frusto-conical, the top starting at the top of the side walls and ending in the exhaust chamber. 18.一种如权利要求1-3任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，熔炼炉侧壁的最小宽度尺寸是8米。18. A melting furnace according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the minimum width of the side wall of the melting furnace is 8 meters. 19.一种直接熔炼炉，其容纳金属和熔渣的熔池，并包括：炉膛；从炉膛向上延伸的侧壁；顶部；和从熔炼炉上部伸出的废气排泄管，其用于从熔炼炉中排出废气，而这些废气是在直接熔炼过程中的熔炼炉中产生的，该废气排泄管包括：19. A direct smelting furnace containing a molten pool of metal and slag, comprising: a hearth; side walls extending upwardly from the hearth; a roof; Exhaust gases from the furnace, which are generated in the smelting furnace during the direct smelting process, the exhaust pipe consists of: (a)第一部分，从其入口端相对于水平方向向上的倾斜量小于30°；(a) the first part, which slopes upward from the horizontal at less than 30° from its inlet end; (b)第二部分，其从第一部分的上端相对于所述第一部分以更陡的倾斜向上延伸。(b) A second portion extending upwardly from the upper end of the first portion at a steeper inclination relative to said first portion. 20.一种如权利要求19所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，第一部分的相对于水平方向的倾斜角小于10°。20. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that the inclination angle of the first part with respect to the horizontal is less than 10°. 21.一种如权利要求19至20任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，第二部分相对于水平方向的倾斜角为80-90°。21. A melting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 20, characterized in that the inclination angle of the second part relative to the horizontal direction is 80-90°. 22.一种如权利要求19至20任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，随废气进入第一部分的熔融材料的至少主要部分在第一部分末端是熔融状态。22. A melting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 20, characterized in that at least a substantial part of the molten material which enters the first section with the off-gas is molten at the end of the first section. 23.一种如权利要求19至20任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，沿着第一部分长度方向温度降低小于100℃，且整个第一部分上的温度被保持在熔融材料的熔点之上，使得随废气进入第一部分的熔融材料的至少主要部分在第一部分末端是熔融状态。23. A melting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 20, wherein the temperature drop along the length of the first portion is less than 100°C, and the temperature throughout the first portion is maintained below the melting point of the molten material above, such that at least a substantial portion of the molten material entering the first portion with the exhaust gas is in a molten state at the end of the first portion. 24.一种如权利要求19至20任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，从废气排泄管第二部分排出的废气每Nm3携带的材料少于15克/Nm3，其中被携带的材料包括固体和熔融材料。24. A smelting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 20, characterized in that the waste gas discharged from the second part of the waste gas discharge pipe carries less than 15 grams/Nm of material per Nm 3 , wherein the carried Materials include solid and molten materials. 25.一种如权利要求19至20任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，第一部分的长度与其最小宽度尺寸的比率至少是2∶1，此时第一部分的长度是在第一和第二部分中心线的交点以及第一部分中心线和通过第一部分入口端的竖直线的交点之间测量的。25. A melting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 20, wherein the ratio of the length of the first portion to its smallest width dimension is at least 2:1, when the length of the first portion is between the first and Measured between the intersection of the centerline of the second section and the intersection of the centerline of the first section with a vertical line passing through the inlet end of the first section. 26.一种如权利要求19至20任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，其包括用于连接第一部分和第二部分的堵头回弯。26. A melting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 20, characterized in that it comprises a plug return bend for connecting the first part and the second part. 27.一种如权利要求25所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，堵头回弯在其堵头端具有进入孔。27. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 25, characterized in that the plug return bend has access holes at its plug end. 28.一种如权利要求19至20任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，其包括从顶部向上伸出的废气腔，而废气排泄管的第一部分从废气腔伸出。28. A melting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 20, characterized in that it includes an exhaust gas chamber projecting upwardly from the top, and the first part of the exhaust gas discharge pipe protrudes from the exhaust gas chamber. 29.一种如权利要求28所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，熔炼炉和废气腔侧壁的最小宽度尺寸的比率处于1.5∶1至2∶1的范围内。29. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the ratio of the smallest width dimension of the side walls of the melting furnace and the exhaust chamber is in the range of 1.5:1 to 2:1. 30.一种如权利要求28所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，废气排泄管的第一部分从废气腔的侧壁伸出。30. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the first portion of the flue gas discharge pipe extends from the side wall of the flue gas chamber. 31.一种如权利要求30所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，第一部分的长度与其最小宽度尺寸的比率至少是2∶1，第一部分长度是在第一和第二部分中心线的交点以及第一部分中心线和废气腔的竖直中心线的交点之间测量的。31. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 30, wherein the ratio of the length of the first portion to its smallest width dimension is at least 2:1, the length of the first portion being at the intersection of the centerlines of the first and second portions and Measured between the intersection of the centerline of the first section and the vertical centerline of the exhaust chamber. 32.一种如权利要求28所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，废气腔的上端形成有堵头回弯。32. A smelting furnace as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the upper end of the waste gas chamber is formed with a plug and a bend. 33.一种如权利要求28所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，废气腔沿中心设置。33. A smelting furnace as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the waste gas chamber is located along the center. 34.一种如权利要求28所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，其至少包括一个用于向炉内喷射含氧气体的喷管，其穿过废气腔向下延伸到熔炼炉内。34. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that it comprises at least one nozzle for injecting oxygen-containing gas into the furnace, extending downwardly into the melting furnace through the exhaust chamber. 35.一种如权利要求19至20任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，顶部从侧壁开始相对于水平轴线向上倾斜，倾斜角在30到50°的范围内。35. A melting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 20, characterized in that the roof is inclined upwards from the side walls relative to the horizontal axis at an angle of inclination in the range of 30 to 50°. 36.一种如权利要求35所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，该相对于水平轴线的倾斜角是40°。36. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 35, characterized in that the angle of inclination relative to the horizontal axis is 40°. 37.一种如权利要求35所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，侧壁是圆柱形，顶部是截头圆锥形，该顶部起始于侧壁顶端而结止于废气腔。37. A melting furnace as claimed in claim 35, characterized in that the side walls are cylindrical and the top is frusto-conical, the top starting at the top of the side walls and ending in the exhaust chamber. 38.一种如权利要求19至20任意之一所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，熔炼炉侧壁的最小宽度尺寸是8米。38. A melting furnace as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 20, wherein the minimum width dimension of the side walls of the melting furnace is 8 meters.
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