CN1303714A - Ii型胶原蛋白口服胃溶制剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
关节软骨的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白是类风湿性关节炎的主要致病抗原,通过口服Ⅱ型胶原蛋白由肠道粘膜产生免疫耐受,可以有效地预防和治疗类风湿性关节炎或强直性关节炎。本发明采用将Ⅱ型胶原蛋白制备成口服胃溶制剂,能更好地被肠粘膜吸收和利用,达到临床上治疗和预防的效果。
Description
类风湿关节炎属于免疫性疾病,已证明病人关节炎软骨中的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白是免疫系统针对的致病性抗原之一。病人体内可以测出抗Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的抗体存在。随着口服免疫耐受治疗自身性免疫疾病的进展,国内外应用口服低剂量的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白来治疗类风湿性关节炎已初见效果。口服蛋白质引起机体对该种蛋白质的一种免疫低反应状态称为口服耐受(mucosaltolerance,MT)。口服耐受属于粘膜耐受的一种。大多数食物中含有可溶性抗原,与肠道粘膜接触的过程中并不发生过敏反应,主要有以下两种原因:(1)肠道内活性抗原诱导肠壁局部产生分泌型IgA,引起免疫排斥。(2)抗原引起MT。MT影响免疫反应的多个方面,如IgM、IgG、IgE抗体反应的抑制,淋巴细胞增殖、迟发性过敏反应等细胞介导免疫反应的抑制。口服耐受的产生和维持是一个非常复杂的过程,其基本机制包括克隆清除、失能和主动抑制,口服抗原是其中的决定性因素。
不同动物来源的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白在治疗上显示出相当大的差异。国内外已有较多文献报道,用鸡CⅡ治疗RA,对患者的关节肿胀数和指数、关节压痛数和指数、15米行走时间和血清学指标的改善程度明显优于牛CⅡ,即鸡CⅡ的临床疗效观察结果较牛CⅡ具有明显的优势。
由于鸡软骨来源的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白与人软骨中的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白差异最小,有抗原同源性。经过实验验证,牛Ⅱ型胶原蛋白虽在分子量、纯度和被Ⅱ型胶原蛋白酶酶解等方面与鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白一致,但其氨基酸组成与鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白比较有明显不同,牛Ⅱ型胶原蛋白不与抗人Ⅱ型胶原蛋白单抗结合,提示牛Ⅱ型胶原蛋白与人Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的免疫原性有一定差异。而鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白可与抗人Ⅱ型胶原蛋白单抗结合,说明鸡和人Ⅱ型胶原蛋白有相同和相似的免疫原性。虽然两者的来源不同,但同属Ⅱ型胶原蛋白,都具有明确的药效作用,并已明确鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的药效作用优于牛Ⅱ型胶原蛋白。
本专利中使用的鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白,是由以下制备工艺而得。首先,将鸡剑突软骨粉碎、蛋白酶消化、杂质硫酸软骨素的除去、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的精纯化、降解成份的除去。以上方法制备的鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白纯度在95%,硫酸软骨素含量低于3%的水平。中试放大制备工艺主要针对Ⅱ型胶原蛋白得率的工业化流程,确定了适合于每次十公斤到数十公斤软骨的提取方法。中试生产工艺和制剂工艺操作方便,无特殊设备要求,成本低,工业化生产放大容易,操作人员无需特殊技能培训。此工艺与国内外文献报道方法比较,有较大的改进。如省除了DEAE纤维素纯化的步骤,用非挥发性酸代替乙酸,用酶法除去软骨膜,改用口服冻干粉为口服胃溶制剂等。
由于Ⅱ型胶原蛋白只能溶于酸性溶液,再加上在水溶液中不稳定性,在Ⅱ性胶原蛋白的药物制剂方面一直是较难解决的问题。国内外的资料显示,在进行Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的制剂方面,主要采用纯化的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白先冻干成粉剂,服用时用0.01-0.1M乙酸溶液溶解后再口服。此种剂型保证了Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的稳定性,但给病人的服用带来了极大的不便,如需配置专门的乙酸溶液,乙酸有较强的刺激性和不良口感等。同时冻干制剂的成本很高,保存和运输不方便。根据在纯化制备Ⅱ型胶原蛋白过程中的蛋白酶解特性,即用胰蛋白酶除去硫酸软骨素,用胃蛋白酶媒介释放Ⅱ型胶原蛋白。因此将Ⅱ型胶原蛋白制成胃溶制剂,在胃酸溶液中达到完全溶解后,不会被胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶消化。本专利的创新之处在于将Ⅱ型胶原蛋白用非挥发性酸(符合药典要求)调节pH值,进行冻干成冻干粉状半成品,能在普通水溶液和人工胃液中迅速溶解。为了增加其保护作用在冻干时按比例加入相应的赋形保护剂,如甘露醇或明胶等。此种冻干半成品具有良好的溶解性和稳定性,可与相应的胃溶制剂辅料(淀粉类、糖类、纤维素类等)混合,经加工制成胶囊、微粒或普通片剂、包衣片剂等剂型。本专利发明的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白胃溶制剂,经动物药效学证明有良好的治疗效果。
动物药效学实验证明:鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白胃溶制剂给药后对大鼠棉球肉芽肿、原发性和继发性关节炎出现后其足爪肿胀体积、多发性关节炎的评分具有显著的治疗作用。同时,致炎后升高了的L3T4+/Lyt-2+T淋巴细胞亚型比值有所降低;血清抗Ⅱ型胶原抗体水平出现下降趋势,脾淋巴细胞增殖反应有进一步抑制作用,提示脾脏Thl细胞功能有抑制;口服胃溶制剂鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白可明显抑制动物佐剂型关节炎的腹腔巨噬细胞(PMφ)白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)活性。
实例说明:1.鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的提取工艺
从食品加工厂购回经检疫的美国AA鸡剑突软骨-20℃保存不超过半年→解冻去硬骨和肉组织→0.6M乙酸溶液中每升加入400mg胃蛋白酶搅伴48小时除去残余的肉和软骨膜→粉碎软骨块成直径小于2mm的粉状物→在0.05MTris(PH8.0)溶液中每升加入0.2克胰蛋白酶4℃消化24小时去除杂质→沉淀用0.5M乙酸悬浮后每升加入10克胃蛋白酶(PH2.5)4℃中搅伴消化48小时→酶解软骨离心保留上清,加入NaCl至终浓度2M后4℃放置2小时→沉淀再用0.5M乙酸溶解后进行透析(对0.02M Na2HPO4溶液)至透析袋中出现白色沉淀→离心收集沉淀即半成品。半成品能溶解于0.1M乙酸溶液,最终Ⅱ型胶原蛋白浓度大于1.5mg/ml。经多种指标检测,半成品鸡胶原蛋白Ⅱ型纯度可达到95%,硫酸软骨素含量低于3%,无降解片段存在,无残留胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性。2.鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白口服胃溶胶囊的制备
成品口服制剂是半成品溶液加入赋形剂以及用非挥发性酸的冻干,Ⅱ型胶原蛋白∶甘露醇∶酒石酸的比例为1∶40∶9,可很好地冻干成白色粉末状。冻干后半成品在水溶液和人工胃液中溶解良好。由于胶原蛋白Ⅱ型经口服后主要由肠粘膜吸收,在制备过程中加入了大量的胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶消化,再加上Ⅱ型胶原蛋白在酸性条件下溶解性好,口服后能迅速在胃液中溶解,且不被其消化酶破坏。口服胃溶胶囊剂型是将半成品冻干粉与乳糖按1∶19混合后,每颗4号胶囊装量125毫克,其中含有125微克的鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白。成品胶囊经水份测定以及HPLC含量和纯度测定,溶出度和崩解度测定,均符合胶囊剂型的标准。按每次用10公斤AA鸡剑突软骨进行以上工艺的制备,可得每公斤1.4克的鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的半成品,制成口服胃溶胶囊(0.125mg/颗)的总颗数为12000颗左右。3.鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白胃溶胶囊对动物关节炎模型的治疗和预防作用
3.1 灌胃鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白5、25、50μg/Kg/d(微克/千克/天)对大鼠棉球肉芽肿均有明显的抑制作用。
3.2 预防给药对大鼠佐剂性关节炎(AA)有显著抑制作用。5μg/Kg/d剂量组和50μg/Kg/d剂量组均能明显抑制AA大鼠原发和继发性足爪肿胀,其中5μg/Kg/d剂量组最佳,病理学检查支持此结果。对AA大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(PMφ)白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)活性有显著抑制作用(均有P<0.01)。
3.3 造模前5天到制模后第16天灌胃鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白预防治疗给药,对小鼠Ⅱ型胶原蛋白性关节炎(CIA)有明显的治疗作用。其中5μg/Kg/d剂量组评分有显著减轻(P<0.01),50μg/Kg/d剂量组有一定改善(P<0.05)。同时发现CIA模型小鼠升高了的L3T4+/Lyt-2+T淋巴细胞亚型比值有所降低,5μg/Kg/d剂量组最为明显。同时可使各剂量组血清抗Ⅱ型胶原抗体水平出现下降趋势,也以5μg/Kg/d剂量组显著(P<0.01)。
Claims (8)
1.Ⅱ型胶原蛋白加入甘露醇和酒石酸后冻干,再与α-乳糖混均,装胃溶胶囊而成Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的口服胃溶胶囊制剂。
2.条款1中的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白冻干配方为Ⅱ型胶原蛋白∶甘露醇∶酒石酸的比例=1∶40∶9。
3.条款1中的α-乳糖混均比例为半成品冻干粉:α-乳糖=1∶19。
4.条款1,中的胃溶胶囊可用片剂代替。
5.条款2中的甘露醇用白蛋白、明胶等其它赋形剂和/或保护剂替代同样适用,酒石酸也可用其它非挥发性的酸性物质代替。
6.条款3中的α-乳糖可用其它辅料代替,如淀粉类的淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、预胶化淀粉,糖类的蔗糖粉、葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨醇,纤维素类的微晶纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素盐、乙基纤维素、羧丙基甲基纤维素、低取代羧丙基纤维素等。
7.条款1中的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白主要指鸡软骨来源的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白,牛或猪等哺乳动物来源的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白同样适用。
8.条款1中的剂型具有治疗和预防类风湿性关节炎或强直性关节炎的药物价值。
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