CN1351752A - Inductive device with distributed air gap - Google Patents

Abstract

A distributed air gap material for inductive devices in power systems to reduce edge effect losses, mechanical losses, vibration and noise in the core. The distributed air gap material occupies selected portions of the core and is formed of finely divided magnet wire material of a matrix of dielectric material. The air gap material has a transition region in which the value of magnetic permeability in the air gap material varies.

Description

Inductive device with distributed air gap

Background of the invention

The invention relates to an inductance device, in particular to a larger inductance device used in power generation and electricity consumption, with one or more distributed air gaps formed in its iron core. Generally, the distributed air gap is formed by the magnetic particle material of the matrix of the dielectric material, and the dielectric material may include gas, liquid, solid, semi-solid material or a combination thereof.

Inductive devices such as reactors are used in power systems to compensate for the Ferranti effect in long-distance overhead power lines or extension cable systems or light-loaded power lines that cause open-circuit high voltages. Reactors are sometimes required to provide stability in remote power line systems. They can also be used to control voltage and connect to and from the system under light load conditions. Similarly, transformers are used in power systems to step up and step down the voltage to the used voltage.

Such devices are made with similar components. Generally speaking, one or more coils are sheathed on a laminated iron core to form a winding, and the winding can be connected to the power line or load and connected to the outgoing circuit in the required manner. The equivalent magnetic circuit of an electrostatic inductive device includes a source of magnetomotive force in series with the reluctance of the core, the magnetomotive force being a function of the number of turns of the winding, the core may include iron and an air gap, if an air gap is used. Although air gaps are not strictly necessary, reactors and transformers without air gaps will saturate at high magnetic field densities. As a result, the accuracy of control is reduced, and leakage can cause catastrophic failure.

The core shown in partial form in Figure 13 can be viewed as a support having a closed magnetic circuit, eg a pair of legs and interconnecting yokes. One of the legs can be cut through to create an air gap. The core supports the windings, and when the windings are energized, a magnetic field is generated in the core that extends across the air gap. At high current density, the magnetic field strength is large.

Although useful and desirable, air gaps represent weak coupling in core structures. The core will vibrate at twice the frequency of the incoming alternating current. This is a source of vibration noise and stress in such devices.

Another problem associated with the air gap is that the magnetic field Φ is edged, spread out, and less confining. As a result, flux lines tend to enter and leave the core, with non-zero components transverse to the core laminations, creating unfavorable concentrations of eddy currents and hot spots in the core.

These problems are mitigated somewhat by the use of one or more inserts in an air gap designed to stabilize the structure, thereby reducing vibration. Additionally, the structure or insert is formed from a material designed to reduce edge effects in the air gap. However, these devices are difficult and costly to manufacture.

An article by Arthur W. Kelly and F. Peter Symonds of North Carolina State University entitled "Plastic Iron Powder Distributed Air-Gap Magnetic Materials" discusses the technology of separating and distributing air-gap inductor cores and their use in making special shape parts such as gas Gap magnetic materials and the use of fine metal powders in making radar absorbing materials.

In the Kelly article, in the various applications disclosed, the magnetic permeability is fixed and specific. The invention relates to an air gap insert having a transition zone whose magnetic permeability is taken as an intermediate value which is lower than the magnetic permeability of the iron core itself and greater than the magnetic permeability of the air gap material.

The solution given in Kelly’s article is only suitable for processing high-frequency and low-current signals, and may not be effective in the field of high-power and low-frequency electronic devices.

The use of high power, low frequency inductors with air gaps creates various problems related to strong mechanical forces across the air gap and noise and vibration of the electronics. Such devices are also prone to energy loss and overheating in the adjacent core due to flux fringing. Part of these problems with high-power, low-frequency devices is due to the fact that these devices are physically oversized, which is not present in the power electronics devices discussed by Kelly. Therefore, the resolution of these problems requires different solutions for smaller devices satisfying power electronics.

A typical insert consists of a cylindrical section of radially layered core steel plates arranged in a wedge pattern. These layered sections are molded in epoxy to form a solid piece or module. There are ceramic spacers on the surface of the modules spaced from the core or, when multiple modules are used, from adjacent modules. In the latter case, the modules and ceramic shims are precisely stacked and bonded together to form the solid core legs of the device.

The magnetic field in the core generates pulsating forces across all air gaps, which can be as high as hundreds of kilonewtons (kN) in devices used in power systems. The core must be rigid enough to eliminate these unwanted vibrations. Radial laminations in the modules reduce fringe flux into the flat surface of the core steel, resulting in fewer current overheating and hot spots.

These structures are difficult to fabricate, requiring the precise alignment of many specially designed wedge-shaped laminations to form circular modules. Machining must be precise, and the size and location of ceramic spacers can be difficult to be exact. Therefore, these devices are relatively expensive. Accordingly, it would be desirable to have an air gap gasket of unitary construction that is less expensive to produce than existing devices.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is based on the discovery that it is possible to provide a distributed air gap insert or region for an inductor in a power system, wherein the insert includes magnetic particles based on a dielectric material of sufficient size and volume percentage to generate Air gap for reduced edge effects. The dielectric material can be a gas, liquid, solid, semi-solid, or combinations thereof.

In one form, distributing the air gap includes an integral body whose shape conforms to the size of the air gap.

In another embodiment, the magnetic material is formed in an organic polymer matrix.

Optionally, the magnetic particles can also be coated with a dielectric material.

In another embodiment, the distributed air gap includes a dielectric container filled with magnetic particles of a dielectric material precursor. The container can be flexible.

In another form, the core is formed from one or more turns of magnet wire or magnetic tape or is a body formed by powder metallurgy techniques.

In another embodiment of the invention, an air gap is described as a transition region with magnetic permeability.

The entire or part of the core can be in the form of distributed air gaps. In addition, the density of the particles forming the distributed air gap can be changed by applying a force on them to tune the reluctance of the device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the particle size of the particle material is about 1 nm-1 mm, preferably about 0.1 μm-200 μm, and the volume percentage of the particle material is about 60%. The magnetic permeability of power materials is about 1-20. This permeability can be adjusted by a factor of about 2-4 by varying the variable isotropic pressure on the flexible container.

Description of drawings

Illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, in accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 shows the electric field distribution around the winding of the inductance device of the power transformer or reactor with distributed air gap according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial perspective view of a cable, which can be used in the winding of a high-power electrostatic inductance device in a power system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the cable shown in Fig. 2;

Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of a high power inductive device having a distributed air gap according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the distributed air gap of the present invention;

Figure 6A is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention using a dielectric container filled with magnetic particles of a dielectric material precursor;

Figure 6B is a partial perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the distributed air gap of Figure 6A, at the ends of which, segments of magnet wire are used;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an inductor formed by a powder metallurgy frame and distributed air gaps;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of powder particles used to distribute air gaps;

Figure 9A is a partial cross-sectional view of a core formed from one or more turns of a dielectric tube containing magnetic particles of a dielectric material matrix;

Figure 9B is a partial detail view of an embodiment of the present invention using a tube filled with magnetic particles of a dielectric matrix;

9C-9E are schematic diagrams of an iron core with distributed air gaps of the present invention;

9F is a cross-sectional view of the core portion forming the distributed air gap of the inductor;

10 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary core forming a circle of distributed air gaps;

11A and 11B are exemplary graphs of hysteresis and power loss for various volume percentages of magnetically permeable particles such as iron;

Figure 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of a magnetic circuit having a transition region with more than one permeability value; Figure 13 is a partial view of an existing air gap.

Description of the invention

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 schematically shows the electric field distribution around the windings of an inductive device such as a power transformer or reactor 1 comprising one or more windings 2 and a core 3 . The equipotential line E shows a portion where the electric field intensity is the same. Assume that the bottom of the winding is at ground potential. The core 3 has a distributed air gap 4 and a window 5 according to the invention. The core can be formed from laminations of a magnetically permeable material such as silicon steel, or it can also be formed from magnetic wire, magnetic tape, or powder metallurgy. The direction of the magnetic flux Φ is shown by the arrow. Generally speaking, the magnetic flux Φ confined within the core 3 or mostly confined in the core 3 is continuous, as shown in the figure.

The potential distribution determines the composition of the insulation system, especially in high-power systems, because the insulation between adjacent turns of the winding and between each turn and the ground must be sufficient. In Figure 1, the top of the winding is subjected to the greatest dielectric stress. The design and position of the windings relative to the core 3 is thus essentially determined by the electric field distribution in the core window 5 . Winding Z may be formed of ordinary multi-turn insulated wire as shown, or it may be in the form of a high power transmission cable as described below. In the former case, the device can be operated at power levels normally used for such devices in known power generation systems. In the latter case, the device can be operated at much higher power levels that are not typical for this type of device.

2 and 3 illustrate the cable 6 used to manufacture the winding Z used in the high voltage, high current, high power inductive device of the embodiment of the present invention. Such a cable 6 comprises at least one conductor 7 , which may comprise a plurality of strands 8 , with a cover 9 surrounding the conductor 7 . In the embodiment shown, the cover 9 comprises a semiconducting layer 10 placed around the strand 8 . A solid main insulating layer 11 surrounds the semiconductor inner layer 10 . A semiconductor outer layer 12 surrounds the main insulating layer 11 as shown. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the inner and outer layers 10 and 12 are similar to those of the main insulating layer 11 . The cable 6 may be provided with additional layers (not shown) for specific purposes. In the high-power electrostatic conductor device of the present invention, the conductor area of the cable 6 is between about 30-3000mm ² , and the outer diameter of the cable can be between about 20-250mm. Each strand 8 can be insulated separately, depending on the application. A small number of strands near the interface between the conductor 7 and the semiconductor inner layer 10 may not be insulated for good electrical contact therewith.

The rated power of the devices used in the high-power applications of power generation, transmission and distribution made according to the present invention can be from 10kVA to more than 1000MVA, and the voltage can be from about 3-4kV to extremely high transmission voltages such as 400kV-800kV or higher.

The conductor 7 is arranged such that it is in electrical contact with the semiconductor inner layer 10 . As a result, no harmful potential differences develop across the boundary layer between the innermost innermost layer of solid insulation and the surrounding semiconducting inner layer along the length of the conductor.

The similar thermal properties of the different layers lead to a structure that can be integrated such that the semiconducting layers adjacent to the insulating layer exhibit good contact regardless of variations and temperatures occurring in different parts of the cable. The insulating layer is formed as an integral structure with the semiconducting layer without disadvantages caused by different temperature expansions of the insulating layer and surrounding layers.

The semiconductor outer layer is designed to act as an electrostatic shield. Increasing the resistance of the outer layer can reduce the loss caused by the induced voltage. Since the thickness of the semiconducting layer cannot be reduced below a minimum value, the resistance is increased mainly by selecting layer materials with a higher resistivity. However, if the resistivity of the semiconductor outer layer is too high, the potential between adjacent but spaced points on a controlled potential such as ground potential can be so high that corona discharge occurs, with the result that the insulating and semiconducting layers are galvanically corroded. Therefore, the outer layer of the semiconductor must be between a conductor with low resistance, large induced voltage loss, but easy to maintain at the desired controlled potential, such as ground potential, and a conductor with high resistance, small induced voltage loss, but difficult to maintain at a controlled potential along its length. balance between insulators. Therefore, the range of the resistivity ρ of the outermost layer of the semiconductor should be ρ _min < ρ _s < ρ _max , where ρ _min is determined by the allowable power loss caused by eddy current loss and the resistance loss caused by the voltage induced by magnetic flux, ρ _max is determined by the need for no corona or glow discharge to occur. Preferably but not essential, 10<ρ _s <100Ωcm.

The semiconducting inner layer 10 exhibits a sufficiently high electrical conductivity to act in a potential equalizing manner, thereby equalizing the electric field outside the inner layer. In this respect, the inner layer 10 has the property that even if any irregularities in the surface of the conductor 7 are balanced, the inner layer 10 forms equipotential surfaces, the highest potential surface being at the border of the solid insulation 11 . The inner layer 10 can therefore be formed with a variable thickness, but ensures a uniform surface against the conductor 7 and the insulating layer 11, and its thickness is generally 0.5-1 mm.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an inductance device 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a core 22 and at least one winding 24 with N turns. Core 22 is in the form of a cuboid formed of insulating laminations 26 with windows 28 . The core may also be formed from magnetically conductive strip, wire or powder metallurgy. Core 22 has limbs or legs 30 and 32 connected by opposing yoke portions 34 . For example, windings 24 may be wound on solid legs or limbs 30 . The limb 32 defines an air gap 36 with a distributed air gap insert 38 of relatively high reluctance as shown.

The arrangement of FIG. 4 can be used as a transformer when using the second winding 25 . Windings 25 may be wound around core 22 as shown. In the arrangement shown, winding 25 is wound concentrically with winding 24 .

According to the present invention, the magnetic flux Φ generated by the core limb 32 when any one of the windings 24-25 is energized exhibits a relatively large magnetic resistance. Insert 38 acts as a distribution air gap, and it is generally unsaturated, allowing device 20 to be used as a controller or transformer device in many power applications.

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the distributed air gap insert 38 . Insert 38 may include a matrix of dielectric material 40 containing magnetically permeable particles 42 .

Dielectric material 40 may be epoxy, polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, PTFE and PFA sold by DuPont under the trade name Teflon, rubber, EPR, ABS, polyaldehyde, polycarbonate, PMMA, polyphenylene sulfone, PPS, PSU, polysulfone, polyetherimide PEI, PEEK, etc. Dielectric material 40 may also be coated on particles 42 as described in detail in connection with FIG. 8 . The magnetic particles 42 may be formed of iron, amorphous iron-based materials, Ni-Fe alloys, Co-Fe alloys, and Mn-Zn, Ni-Zn, Mn-Mg based ferrites.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the opposing face 45 of the air gap 36 and the corresponding facing surface 45 of the insert 38 may be formed as planar or curved arcuate facing surfaces. The insert 38 may have a convex surface and the facing surface 45 of the core may be concave to mechanically stabilize the structure. Alternatively, the surface 45 of the core may be raised and the surface of the insert may be recessed to alter field fringing. In general, however, the magnetic flux Φ in the core 22 tends to be better confined within the distributed air gap insert or region 38 in the configuration shown. This occurs because the particles 42 provide an insulated magnetic path through the insert 38 for the flux Φ which tends to minimize edge effects on the interface 45 so that the core 22 and insert 38 The vortex is reduced.

Figure 6A shows another embodiment of the invention in which a core 50 formed of magnet wire or laminations 51 has an air gap 52 and uses a distributed air gap insert 54 comprising dielectric filled The dielectric container 55 of the magnetic powder particles 56 of the material matrix or the coated magnetic particles is described below. The core 50 may be coiled into a helical form of magnet wire as shown or a strip of magnetic material or powder metallurgy material, as described below. The opposite facing free end or surface 58 of the core 50 is embedded in the powder forming the interface with the insert 54 . The free end 58 may be irregular or serrated to create a better transition region at the interface where the permeability changes gradually from the core 50 to the air gap insert 54 . In the illustrated embodiment, the ends 53 of the laminations 51 may also be alternately offset at this interface to produce irregular or jagged ends 58 .

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 6B, the insert 54 may also have a multi-element structure, wherein the central portion 55C is filled with magnetic particles 56 of a dielectric material 57 matrix, and the end portion 55E is filled with shorter segmented magnetic wires 59. , which may be present without the desired dielectric material matrix 57 to provide good electrical contact to the core 50 and also to provide a smooth magnetic transition into and out of the air gap insert 54 . The interface can be flat or curved as desired.

The air gap insert shown in Figures 6A and 6B illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which a magnetic circuit is provided with a transition region in which there is more than one value of permeability. That is, the magnetic permeability value of a region in the air gap material can vary, for example, the magnetic permeability value of the air gap is small, and the magnetic permeability value of the iron core is large. Using this type of transition region, the intermediate permeability value of part of the air gap material of the inductor is greater than that of the rest of the air gap material itself and less than that of the core. For example, in FIG. 6A, in the magnetic circuit, the core 50 has a permeability value, the facing free end or surface 58 embedded in the powder 56 has a permeability value, and the air gap insert 54 has a permeability value. . In the illustrated embodiment, the magnetic permeability value of core 50 is greater than the magnetic permeability value of facing surface 58 , which is greater than the magnetic permeability value of air gap insert 54 . This difference in the permeability values of the discrete regions forms a transition region between the core 50 and the air gap insert 54 .

FIG. 6B more clearly shows an example of the transition region concept, in which the central portion 55C of the air gap insert 54 has a lower permeability value than the end portion 55E containing the segmented magnet wire 59. , and the magnetic permeability value of the end portion 55E is smaller than the magnetic permeability value of the core 50 . This gradient of increasing permeability values from the central portion 55C of the air gap insert 54 to the core 50 forms a permeability transition region in the magnetic circuit.

Another example illustrating the concept of the transition region is shown in FIG. 6C, in which the central portion 56 of the air gap insert 52 has a lower permeability value than the end portions containing the segmented magnetic wire 50c, while the end portions The magnetic permeability value is smaller than that of the core 50 formed entirely of magnetic wires. The increasing gradient in permeability value from the central portion 56 of the air gap insert 52 to the core 50 forms a permeability transition region in the magnetic circuit.

In the device shown in FIG. 6A, the reluctance of the distributed air gap 54 can be changed by applying pressure or force on the flexible container 55, thereby changing the density of the particles 56 (FIG. 6B) therein. The force F is generally isotropic or uniformly distributed so that the change in reluctance is uniform and predictable. In the illustrated embodiment, the reluctance changes by a factor of about 2-4. Varying the particle density can also be used in other different embodiments.

Another way to achieve a distributed air gap is to use magnetic particles coated in an electrostatic inductive device 70 shown in FIG. The device 70 has a window 78 in which at least one winding is wound. As in each of the above structures, the winding may be an insulated coated wire or the above-mentioned electric cable.

Distributed air gap insert 76 is formed from powder particles 90 including magnetic particles 92 surrounded by dielectric matrix coating 94 (FIG. 8). The overall powder particle 90 has a diameter D _O , a particle diameter D _P , and a coating thickness D _C , as shown. Insert 76 may be formed or shaped by molding particles 90, uniform heat pressing, or other suitable methods. For example, the precursor can be sintered if the sintering process does not destroy the dielectric properties of the coating.

As noted above, the particles, if coated, have an outer diameter D _O and a coating thickness D _C . Factors considered in determining the ratio D _C /D _O are resistivity and permeability. Resistivity is to reduce eddy currents and permeability is to determine the reluctance of the air gap.

Alternatively, coated particles 90 may be used to fill containers, hoses or pipes as described above. Magnetic particles 92 may also be used alone without coating if the resistivity is sufficiently high, or in combination with a gaseous, liquid, solid or semi-solid dielectric matrix.

Figures 9A and 9B show an electrostatic inductive device 100 having a core 102 in the form of a toroidally wound hose 104 whose hollow interior is filled with magnetic powder 106 as in the device shown in Figure 6A. It should be understood that the core of Figure 9A could also be made from magnet wire or magnetic tape.

In the device shown in Figure 9C, if the entire core 102 is a filled hose, then the entire core is a distributed air gap. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 9D, core 110 may be formed from a wound hose segment 112 filled with magnetic particles 114 (FIG. 9F). The insert 116 shown in Figures 9D and 9F may be formed from a hose segment 118 filled with dielectric matrix magnetic particles 120 or coated magnetic particles as detailed below.

Figure 9E shows a rectangular core 122 which may form a fully distributed air gap as described herein, or may have an insert 124 as shown. Although similar to the device of Figure 4, the geometry of the structures of Figures 9A-9F is different. While the dielectric material of Figure 4 is a solid, in Figures 9A-9F the magnetic particles may be distributed in a fluid dielectric medium such as air.

In the embodiment of Fig. 10, the core 130 is shown as a magnetic tape having a diameter r, a magnetic wire spool 132, or a hose having a thickness D1. The hose may be filled with the above magnetic powder or dielectric coated magnetic powder. The roll 132 is helically wound in a low magnetic permeability material such as air μ ₂ with an isolation or spacer layer 134 having a thickness D2 therebetween. The dimensions of various parts are exaggerated for clarity.

The induced magnetic flux Φ whose value is much lower than saturation forms a typical closed-loop magnetic force line 136 in the direction of the reel. For a single helical drum, any flux lines 136 passing through the high permeability region 132 must pass through the low permeability region 134 in order for it to close on itself. Assuming that the ratio μ ₂ /μ1 is small enough, the portion of the flux line 136 crossing the isolation layer or space 134 is almost perpendicular to the direction of the reel and has a length slightly greater than the distance D2. At the distance r>>D1, D2 from the central point P, the total reluctance seen from the magnetic field line 136 across a width D1+D2 is approximated by The sum of the total reluctance of:

R is approximately equal to C(L/(μ ₁ D1)+(D2/Lμ ₂ ))

L=2πr

C is a constant

FIG. 11A shows the magnetic induction H and applied magnetic field B for various magnetic particles. Figure 1 IB shows the magnetic field strength B versus power loss P for various particle volume percent densities.

FIG. 12 shows a portion 170 of a magnetic circuit in which a portion of a wire 172 is inserted into a sheet of distributed air gap material 171 to form a transition zone in the distributed air gap material 171 with more than one value of permeability. The distribution of the wires 172 in the distributed air gap material 171 makes the magnetic permeability gradually change in the air gap material, so that the magnetic permeability of a certain intermediate value is smaller than the magnetic permeability of the iron core and larger than the magnetic permeability of the air gap material itself.

While the invention has been described with what presently appear to be exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the appended claims cover such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of this invention.

Claims (27)

1, a kind of inductance device with iron core and distributed air gaps, it comprises:

One provides the air gap insert of magnetic resistance in described air gap;

Described air gap insert is electric Jie's container; And

Described inductance device has a transition region, and this transition region has a plurality of magnetic permeability values.

2, by the described inductance device of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

Described iron core has relative free end, and this free end and described air gap insert form an interface;

Described air gap insert has a magnetic permeability value;

The described relative free end of described iron core has a magnetic permeability value;

The described magnetic permeability value of described air gap insert is less than described free-ended relatively described magnetic permeability value; And

Described free-ended relatively described magnetic permeability value is less than the described magnetic permeability value of described iron core,

Thereby the described difference of described magnetic permeability value forms described transition region.

3, by the described inductance device of claim 2, it is characterized in that:

Described air gap insert is one to be filled with electricity Jie container of magnetic particle.

4, by the described inductance device of claim 3, it is characterized in that:

Described magnetic particle is the magnetic powder particles of electric referral letter body.

5, by the described inductance device of claim 4, it is characterized in that:

Described magnetic particle is coated.

6, by the described inductance device of claim 3, it is characterized in that:

It is flexible that described container is; And

One power that acts on the described air gap insert changes the density of described magnetic particle, thereby changes the magnetic resistance in the described air gap.

7, by the described inductance device of claim 6, it is characterized in that:

The described density of described magnetic particle selectively is adjusted to 2-4 above-mentioned magnetic permeability doubly, puts on power on the described air gap insert with response.

8, by the described inductance device of claim 7, it is characterized in that:

Described iron core is made of one of at least following:

A) magnet-wire,

B) magnetic material band, and

C) Magnaglo metallurgical material.

9, by the described inductance device of claim 3, it is characterized in that:

Described interface is the plane.

10, by the described inductance device of claim 3, it is characterized in that:

Described interface is a curved surface.

11, by the described inductance device of claim 3, it is characterized in that:

Described interface indention.

12, a kind of inductance device with iron core and distributed air gaps, it comprises:

One provides the air gap insert of magnetic resistance in described air gap, described air gap insert is the multicomponent structure; And

Described inductance device has the transition region of a more than magnetic permeability value.

13, by the described inductance device of claim 12, it is characterized in that:

Described multicomponent structure has central portion and end.

14, by the described inductance device of claim 13, it is characterized in that:

Described central portion has a magnetic permeability value;

There is a magnetic permeability value described end;

Described iron core has a magnetic permeability value;

The described magnetic permeability value of described central portion is less than the magnetic permeability value of described end; And

The described magnetic permeability value of described end is less than the described magnetic permeability value of described iron core,

Thereby described magnetic permeability value difference forms described transition region.

15, by the described inductance device of claim 14, it is characterized in that:

Described central portion is filled with the magnetic particle of electric dielectric material parent; Described end is filled with the section of one-tenth magnet-wire.

16, by the described inductance device of claim 14, it is characterized in that:

Described central portion is filled with the magnetic particle of electric dielectric material parent; And

Described end is filled with the one-tenth section magnet-wire of electric dielectric material parent.

17, by the described inductance device of claim 14, it is characterized in that:

Described iron core is made of one of at least following:

A) magnet-wire,

B) magnetic material band, and

C) Magnaglo metallurgical material.

18, a kind of inductance device with iron core and distributed air gaps, it comprises:

One provides the air gap insert of magnetic resistance in described air gap;

Described iron core has multiple conducting wires, and the part of described multiple conducting wires is inserted in the described air gap insert; And

Described inductance device has the transition region of a more than magnetic permeability value.

19, by the described inductance device of claim 18, it is characterized in that:

Described air gap insert has a magnetic permeability value;

The described part of described multiple conducting wires has a magnetic permeability value;

Described iron core has a magnetic permeability value;

The described magnetic permeability value of described air gap insert is less than the described magnetic permeability value of the described part of described multiple conducting wires; And

The described magnetic permeability value of the described part of described multiple conducting wires is less than the described magnetic permeability value of described iron core,

Thereby described magnetic permeability value difference forms described transition region.

20, in inductance device, use the electrical characteristics of regulating supply of electric power by the described device of claim 1.

21, a kind of inductance device that is formed with iron core, the zone that this iron core has a magnetic permeability to reduce at its selected position, this inductance device comprises:

The distributed air gaps material, it is positioned at the selected part of the iron core that the segmentation magnetic particle by electric dielectric material parent forms.

22, by the described device of claim 21, it is characterized in that, this electricity dielectric material comprise gas, liquid, solid and combination thereof one of at least.

23, by the described device of claim 21, it is characterized in that the size of these particles and percent by volume are enough to provide the air gap that has the edge effect that reduces.

24, by the described device of claim 21, it is characterized in that the scope of particle size is about 1nm-1mm.

25, by the described device of claim 21, it is characterized in that the scope of particle size is about 0.1 μ m-200 μ m.

26, by the described device of claim 21, it is characterized in that the percent by volume that these particles occupy parent is about 60%.

27, in inductance device, use the electrical characteristics of regulating supply of electric power by the described device of claim 21.

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