CN1239681A - Magnetic separator for catalytic cracking waste catalyst, process flow and matched device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic separation and recovery technology and equipment for useful components in waste catalysts of an oil refinery, which mainly comprise a magnetic separator, a corresponding magnetic separation process flow and a matched device. The magnetic separator is composed of two main working units of vertical separating ring and magnet, the working surface of separating ring body is perpendicularly intersected with the plane of exciting coil placed in the magnet, the ring body is divided into several magnetic separating chambers in which the magnetic conductive wire net is placed, the waste catalyst uses compressed air as carrier to implement continuous magnetic separation treatment, and the separating ring also adopts radial vibration mechanism to raise magnetic separation effect, and the heavy metal content of the non-magnetic agent recovered by said technology is obviously less than that of waste agent, and its microreaction activity is raised by 3 units, so that it possesses obvious economic benefit and social benefit.

Description

Catalytic cracking waste catalyst magnetic separator and process flow and supporting equipment

The invention relates to the recovery and utilization of catalytic cracking spent catalysts in oil refineries.

In order to make full use of petroleum resources, the deep processing of petroleum, such as the catalytic cracking process of heavy oil, is an important process link. During the catalytic cracking process, heavy metal impurities such as vanadium, nickel, and iron contained in raw oil will gradually deposit on the surface of the catalyst, reducing the activity and selectivity of the catalyst, thereby reducing the yield and performance of the catalytic product. In order to keep the performance of the catalyst in the catalytic cracking unit at a high level, the current common practice at home and abroad is to regularly discharge part of the balancer from the unit, and then replenish part of the fresh catalyst into the unit. This method has been proved to be effective by long-term practice, but the spent catalyst discharged from the device actually contains a part of the catalyst that has been added to the device for a short time, and its performance is still relatively high. It is expensive to discard this part together with the spent catalyst. Waste of resources. The waste agent has a certain radioactivity and needs to be buried deep underground for disposal. The treatment of a large amount of waste agent not only pollutes the environment but also increases the treatment cost. Therefore, how to separate useful components from spent catalysts has always been a major issue that refineries urgently need to solve.

Catalysts composed of silicon, aluminum, and zeolite are non-magnetic, but after being contaminated with heavy metals such as iron, nickel, and vanadium, they will show certain magnetism under a magnetic field. The higher the degree of heavy metal pollution, the more obvious the magnetism of the catalyst in the magnetic field. Therefore, magnetic separation technology can be used to divide the waste agent into two parts according to their magnetic properties. The magnetic agent with lower catalytic activity and selectivity, and the other part is the low magnetic agent or non-magnetic agent with shorter running time in the device, less metal pollution, higher catalytic activity and selectivity, and the latter can be returned to the device used in .

Patent US4359379 announced the high-gradient magnetic separation technology of Nippon Oil Corporation, which is applied to the fluidized catalytic cracking unit for processing distillation residual oil solvent deasphalted oil or hydrodesulfurized oil. Air, hydrogen, water vapor and their mixtures can be used as carriers , the magnetic field strength is 2000-20000 Gauss, and the magnetic field gradient is (2000-20000)×10 ³ Gauss/cm. It is introduced that the separated magnetic substances can be removed by ion exchange, chlorination, sulfidation, carbonylation, redox and other methods. Deposited metal; Patent US5190635 describes the influence of ferromagnetism and superparamagnetism on the effect of magnetic separation; patent WO9219698 introduces that the waste catalyst is ground and particle size sorted to enhance the magnetic separation effect. The above patents do not involve magnetic separation technology and The type structure of the equipment.

The purpose of the present invention is to realize the recovery and utilization of useful parts in spent catalysts by developing magnetic separation equipment and corresponding magnetic separation process flow.

The technical scheme of the present invention is to design a set of magnetic separator as the core device, and a magnetic separation process supporting device using compressed air as the waste agent delivery carrier.

The magnetic separator is composed of the two most important working units, the sorting ring and the magnet. The main shaft of the sorting ring is driven by a speed-regulating motor and a reducer coupling. The sorting ring works in a vertical plane, and the body of the sorting ring is isolated It is divided into several separation chambers, and each separation chamber is overlapped with magnetically conductive and nonmagnetic metal mesh wires to form a high-gradient magnetic field space under the background of a strong magnetic field and become a magnetic separation place for spent catalysts. The magnet is composed of a yoke made of engineering pure iron and an excitation coil placed horizontally inside it, which is the unit that generates the electromagnetic field. The inside of the yoke forms an annular channel for the rotation of the sorting ring. The radial plane of the sorting ring is perpendicular to the plane of the excitation coil, so that the sorting ring in the rotating part enters and leaves the magnetic field in turn during the rotation cycle. The upper and lower yoke bodies of the annular channel are provided with two groups of chutees isolated from each other, and a waste agent feeder and a compressed air wind bucket are arranged above the magnet. The magnetic separator also includes a rectifier that supplies powerful direct current to the excitation coil and a circulating cooling system that cools the excitation coil and the rectifier.

In order to increase the number and space of the separation chamber and improve the structural strength of the sorting ring, the sorting ring adopts a structural form in which the middle ring plate is used as a supporting rib and the rings are arranged side by side on both sides.

In the separation chamber, there are still a small number of non-magnetic particles trapped in the magnetic particles and adsorbed on the magnetic mesh. The main shaft of the sorting ring of the present invention is equipped with an exciting wheel through a bearing, and an eccentric block with an adjustable position is arranged on the exciting wheel. , reducer and coupling drive, so that the spindle speed can be adjusted, such as using a speed-adjusting motor for the motor, or changing the transmission ratio of the belt drive. The speed-regulating motor, the belt drive pair and the vibration unit of the driving excitation wheel make the sorting ring generate radial vibration, thereby releasing the non-magnetic particles trapped by the magnetic agent, so as to improve the recovery rate of the non-magnetic agent.

In the present invention, compressed air is used as the waste catalyst carrier, and the supporting process of the process is as follows: after the waste catalyst is filtered by a magnetic coarse filter to remove strong magnetic particles and large-sized impurities, it enters the raw material tank, is regulated by the feed controller, and is continuously output with the wind source The compressed air is mixed, sent to the feeder in the magnetic separator for homogenization, and then enters the sorting ring separation chamber in the magnetic field for magnetic separation. The magnetic particles are adsorbed on the magnetic wire mesh, and the non-magnetic particles pass through a set of slides. The trough is separated; at the same time, the compressed air fan blows out the weak magnetic particles trapped in the separation chamber in the magnetic field, and separates the neutral particles along another set of chute; as the separation ring rotates, the separation chamber is separated from the magnetic field, and the magnetic field The wire mesh is demagnetized, and the compressed air wind bucket placed in the machine blows away the magnetic particles; there is a backwash wind bucket above the separation ring, and the compressed air is blown in reverse to remove the residual particles in the separation chamber and clear the wire mesh; Compressed air carrying magnetic, weakly magnetic, and non-magnetic particles enters the corresponding gas-solid separator through the pipeline to separate and collect the solid particles, and the exhaust gas is further dedusted by the purifier and then discharged to the atmosphere.

With the application of the magnetic separation technology and equipment of the present invention, the recovery rate of the non-magnetic agent reaches over 60%. Under the condition of a magnetic field strength of 9000-11000 gauss, the heavy metal content of the recovered non-magnetic agent is significantly lower than that of the spent catalyst, and its micro-reaction activity is increased by 3 More than one unit, returning the non-magnetic agent to the catalyst device for use can save the amount of fresh catalyst, and at the same time reduce the cost of waste agent treatment, which has very significant economic and social benefits.

Provide the embodiment of the present invention below:

Accompanying drawing 1 is the front view of magnetic separator structure.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the side view of magnetic separator structure.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the front view of the sorting ring structure.

Accompanying drawing 4 is the side view of sorting ring structure.

Accompanying drawing 5 is the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the magnet.

Accompanying drawing 6 is a schematic flow chart of the magnetic separation process.

The magnetic separator consists of two main working units, the sorting ring 1 and the magnet 2. The sorting ring works in a vertical plane, and its main shaft 3 is supported on the magnet 2 by an elastic support 12 composed of spring rubber. The main shaft 3 of the sorting ring is driven by a motor 4, a belt drive 5, a reducer 6 and a coupling 7 And make the spindle speed adjustable, such as the motor adopts a speed-regulating motor or changes the transmission ratio of the belt drive. The other end of the main shaft 3 is equipped with an exciting wheel 8 through a bearing, and an eccentric block 9 with an adjustable position is arranged on the exciting wheel; driven by the speed-regulating motor 10 and the belt drive pair 11, the exciting wheel rotates to make the sorting ring The body produces radial vibration. Changing the speed of the speed regulating motor can control the speed and vibration frequency of the sorting ring, and changing the mass or displacement of the eccentric block can control the radial amplitude of the sorting ring.

The sorting ring takes the middle ring plate 13 as the support plate, and the ring body 14 is juxtaposed on both sides. The partition plate 15 divides the ring body into several separation chambers. Rod 17 and pressing rod 18 fix and compress the wire mesh. The separation chamber is the main place for magnetic separation, and the center sleeve of the middle ring plate is connected with the main shaft 3.

The magnet 2 is a place for generating an electromagnetic field. It is made of engineering pure iron and is composed of an upper left yoke 19 , an upper right yoke 20 , a side yoke 21 and a lower yoke 22 . The excitation coil 23 is placed horizontally in the body of the yoke, the cross section of the coil is rectangular or circular, and the through hole in the middle provides a flow channel for the coolant. The function of the yoke is to form a closed magnetic circuit and prevent the leakage of the magnetic force lines. The four yokes are assembled into one body, and the joint surface is sealed with pressure resistance to prevent the leakage of the spent catalyst; inside the magnet, the excitation coil must be in contact with the wind and the catalyst channel Completely isolated to ensure that the insulation of the coil is intact; the inside of the yoke forms an annular channel 24 for the rotation of the sorting ring. The annular channel is located in the excitation coil, and the working plane is perpendicular to the plane of the excitation coil. The upper and lower magnets of the annular channel 24 There are two groups of chutes separated from each other in the yoke, which are non-magnetic particle chute 25 and weak magnetic particle chute 26 respectively. Machine cover 27 and main shaft and magnet 2 upper surfaces are pressure-resistant and sealed. The magnetic separator is also equipped with a rectifier 29 that provides powerful DC power to the excitation coil, and a circulating water cooling device 28 that cools the excitation coil and the excitation coil.

Figure 6 shows a schematic flow chart of the magnetic separation process. The compressed air source 30 delivers the spent catalyst carrier air and process air to the magnetic separator through the flow meter 31 and the air supply pipeline. The spent catalyst discharged from the catalytic cracking unit first passes through a magnetic coarse filter to filter out strong magnetic particles and large particles. The size impurities are loaded into the raw material tank 32, regulated by the valve 33 and the feed controller 34, continuously mixed with compressed air, sent to the feeder 35 in the magnetic separator for homogenization, and reach the separation ring separation chamber in the magnetic field. The magnetic particles are adsorbed on the magnetic wire mesh 16, and the non-magnetic particles are separated through the chute 25; at the same time, the weakly magnetic particles are separated through the chute 26 as a neutral agent under the action of the compressed air wind bucket 36; the wind bucket 37 Blow the magnetic particles away from the separation chamber of the magnetic field; the compressed air of the backwash wind bucket 38 is blown back into the separation chamber to remove residual particles and dredge the wire mesh to ensure that the spent catalyst is in a clean state next time. The compressed air output from the magnetic separator carries the separated magnetic particles or non-magnetic particles into the gas-solid separator 39 to separate the solid agent, and collects the magnetic agent collection tank 41 and the non-magnetic agent collection tank 40 respectively. The intermediate agent is based on the process needs. Or it can be incorporated into the non-magnetic or magnetic agent according to the requirements of use, and the tail gas from the gas-solid separator entrains a little solid particles, which are further removed by the purifier 42 and discharged to the atmosphere.

For catalysts with different metal contents, the separation effect and non-magnetic agent yield are closely related to process parameters such as magnetic field strength, sorting ring speed, vibration frequency, compressed air flow rate and waste agent treatment capacity. Measures can be adjusted to facilitate experimentation to obtain the best results.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of catalytic cracking spent catalyst magnetic separator, mainly include (2) two groundwork unit of separation ring (1) and magnet and rectifier (29), water cooling plant (28) is characterized in that: separation ring (1) is operated in the vertical plane, the separation ring ring body is isolated into the plurality of separate chamber, overlap to place in the separate chamber magnetic conduction and not magnetic conductive metal silk screen (16) magnet (2) by yoke and therein the magnetizing coil of horizontal positioned (23) form, the inner circular channel (24) of rotating that forms of yoke for the sorting ring body, separation ring radially working face is completed a business transaction with the magnetizing coil plane is vertical, on the circular channel (24), be provided with mutual isolated slide hopper (25) and (26) in the yoke body of below, magnet (2) top is provided with spent catalyst material feeder (35) and pressurized air wind scoop; The elastic support (12) that separation ring main shaft (3) is made up of rubber spring is supported on the magnet (2), and main shaft (3) is paid (5), speed reduction unit (6), shaft coupling (7) driving by buncher (4), belt transmission, and makes the speed of mainshaft adjustable; The other end of main shaft (3) is equipped with excitation wheel (8).

2, catalytic cracking spent catalyst magnetic separation process scheme and corollary apparatus, mainly include compressed air source (30), spent catalyst head tank (32), gas-solid separator (39), cleaner (42) and holding tank (40) and (41), technical process is characterised in that: adopt pressurized air as used catalyst support, the useless agent that draws off from catalytic cracking unit, through magnetic coarse strainer charging feedstock jar, through feed controller (34) regulation and control, constantly mix with pressurized air, send into material feeder (35) homogenizing in the magnetic separator, arrive the separation ring separate chamber in the magnetic field, isolate non magnetic dose; Pressurized air wind scoop (36) is isolated neutral agent with weak magnetic-particle in the separate chamber in the magnetic field; Pressurized air wind scoop (37) will break away from that magnetic-particle blows off in the separate chamber in magnetic field; Backwash wind scoop (38) is removed residual particles in the separate chamber, dredges clear wire cloth; Carry the magnetic agent, non magnetic dose pressurized air enters gas-solid separator (39) respectively and isolates solid particulate; The tail gas that produces is after cleaner (42) dedusting, and row is to atmosphere.

3, catalytic cracking spent catalyst magnetic separator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the excitation wheel of installing on the separation ring main shaft (8) is provided with the eccentric block (9) of adjustable position, and excitation wheel (8) is paid (11) by buncher (10) and belt transmission and driven.

4, according to claim 1,3 described catalytic cracking spent catalyst magnetic separators, it is characterized in that: separation ring (2) is to be supporting plate with middle ring flat-plate (13), both sides ring bodies arranged side by side (14), dividing plate (15) is isolated into the plurality of separate chamber with ring body, indoor wire cloth (16) is ask rod (17) and pressure bar (18) to be fixed and clamped middle ring flat-plate center and main shaft (3) binding.

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