CN1228521C - A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

A three-dimensional bearing shuttering for reinforced concrete comprises an upper top board (1), peripheral side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3), wherein the upper top board (1), the peripheral side walls (2) and the lower bottom (3) are connected with each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity (4), at least one rod member (5) is arranged in the cavity (4), the invention is characterized in that the rod member (5) is a curve rod, a broken line rod, a cable, a straight rod with equal section, a solid straight rod with variable section, a hollow rod with an upper opening or a combination thereof, or a combination of the hollow straight rod with variable section and the rod member. The shuttering can be combined with the cast-in-place concrete to form a common stressed structure system to resist various complex external forces, after being applied to the floor slab, the impact resistance, vibration resistance, concentrated load resistance and crack resistance of the floor slab are greatly improved, the steel content and the concrete consumption of the floor slab can be correspondingly reduced, the plane rigidity of the floor slab is improved, and the structural strength of the shuttering and the cast-in-place concrete is enhanced, and meanwhile, the shuttering has the characteristics of light weight, less material consumption, simple structure, convenient construction and transportation and the like.

Description

A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete

(1) Technical field

The invention relates to a three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete.

(2) Background technology

At present, most buildings with brick-concrete structure and frame structure use prefabricated hollow-core slabs as floor slabs, which have the advantages of fast construction speed and low cost. However, because there is no firm connection between two adjacent prefabricated hollow slabs, only cement mortar is used to fill the joints, so the integrity is poor, which is not conducive to earthquake resistance, and cracks and water seepage often occur in the gaps. In order to solve the above problems, many buildings adopt the method of cast-in-place concrete floor slabs (solid and hollow), which can better solve the problems of earthquake resistance, cracking and water seepage, but the construction of such floor slabs is relatively difficult and the cost is relatively high. Patent No. 93206310.1 is a utility model patent for "form shell components", which discloses a prefabricated filling component for industrial and civil buildings with densely ribbed cavity floors. It consists of an upper bottom, a lower bottom and side walls. The side wall, the upper bottom and the lower bottom form a fully enclosed cavity polyhedron structure, and reinforcing ribs are provided in the formwork shell to enhance the self-supporting strength of the formwork components, and the formwork itself is not easy to be damaged. During construction, according to the design requirements, the formwork components are placed on the supports between the floors, a certain gap is left between the formwork components, steel bars are arranged, and cement is poured, the formwork components and reinforced cement together constitute the upper and lower floors. The overall floor structure is very smooth on the surface, and the formwork member is not only an internal formwork but also a filling supporting member in the floor, which saves trouble and is convenient for construction. However, this kind of formwork member is relatively heavy in weight and consumes a lot of materials because the internal reinforcement ribs are plate-type reinforcement ribs. At the same time, the plate-type reinforcement ribs only consider that the top plate of the formwork is not easy to be damaged or only meet the construction pressure resistance. Load requirements, without considering the design of the formwork as the main load-bearing component, combined with the cast-in-place concrete structure to form a structural system under common stress, to resist various complex external forces such as tension, compression, shear, torsion, and vibration . The European Patent No. EP0884427A2, the International Patent Classification No. E04B5/21, and the European patent application titled "A better solution for the concreteboxes normally used in the fungiform pavements" involve the use of recycled plastics to manufacture concrete cavity formwork, The formwork is composed of an upper top plate, surrounding side walls and lower bottom. The upper top plate, surrounding side walls and lower bottom are connected to each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity, and five hollow conical rods with downward openings are arranged in the cavity. , the bar and the lower bottom and surrounding side walls are injection molded at one time, and the upper top plate is connected with the surrounding side walls through bolts to form a whole plastic mold shell. Similarly, this kind of plastic formwork only considers that the top plate of the formwork is not easy to be damaged or only meets the requirements of construction compressive loads. Although the hollow rods with conical downward openings can be conveniently stacked and transported, it does not consider the formwork. It is designed as the main load-bearing component and combined with the cast-in-place concrete structure to form a common three-dimensional force-bearing structural system to resist various complex external forces, especially the up-and-down pull force and horizontal shear force that cannot be resisted in the formwork. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a kind of novel three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete.

(3) Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete, which can be combined with cast-in-place concrete to form a common stress-bearing structural system, resisting various complex external forces, and also has the advantages of light weight and low material consumption. , Simple structure, convenient construction and transportation.

The solution of the present invention is based on the prior art, including the upper top plate, the surrounding side walls and the lower bottom, the upper top plate, the surrounding side walls and the lower bottom are connected to each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity, and there is at least one The above bar, the present invention is characterized in that the bar is a curved bar, a broken line bar, a cable, a straight bar with equal section, a solid straight bar with variable section, a hollow bar with an upper opening or a combination thereof, or a hollow straight bar with variable section and the above-mentioned bar The combination. Among them, the curved rod is more suitable for the arched force in the formwork; the broken line rod is more suitable for the special-shaped formwork; the cable is more suitable for tension, and if the sheath cable is used, its durability is better; the straight rod saves material, The force transmission is direct, its tensile and compressive properties are excellent, and prestress can also be applied; the hollow rod with the opening on the upper side can integrate the cast-in-place concrete with the stressed rods in the formwork to form a common stressed structure embedded in each other. The hollow rod with variable cross-section should not be used alone, and it is better to be used in combination with others. Therefore, this formwork can be combined with cast-in-place concrete to form a common stress-bearing structural system to resist various complex external forces such as tension, compression, shearing, and twisting, and form a hollow concrete structure for dark grid frame, and the floor slab Shock resistance, vibration resistance, concentrated load resistance, and crack resistance are greatly improved, which can reduce the steel content and concrete consumption of the floor slab, improve the plane stiffness of the floor slab, and enhance the structural strength of the formwork and cast-in-place concrete. At the same time, it has light weight , low material consumption, simple structure, convenient construction and transportation, etc., have achieved the purpose of the present invention, and are suitable for hollow concrete structures such as various floors, roofs, foundation floors, concrete walls, bridges, etc., especially for hollow concrete structures. Concrete floor works.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one triangular bar truss unit composed of multiple bars or more than two connecting bars are arranged in the mold shell. In this way, since the triangular truss unit is a stable geometric shape, the strength and rigidity of the formwork are further improved, and the performance of the formwork participating in the force transmission of cast-in-place concrete is better, and the formwork is light in weight, consumes less material, and is stable. Sex is better.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one rod protruding from the formwork cavity in the formwork cavity, with a rod body or rod end or exposed anchor ribs or exposed nets or concave-convex mesh iron sheets or a combination of the above. In this way, the bonding and embedding between the rods in the formwork shell and the cast-in-place concrete are better, and the bonding strength and cooperative workability of the joint interface between the prefabricated and cast-in-place concrete are better solved. , The overall performance is higher.

The present invention is also characterized in that a plurality of truss units in the formwork shell form a truss, and the truss units are arranged in an orthogonal, oblique, parallel, curved joint, butt joint arrangement, or a three-dimensional space arrangement, or at the same time, a high and low staggered arrangement, or the above-mentioned The combination. In this way, the formwork shell can be designed and combined with the rods therein according to the needs of actual use, so as to meet the needs of different use occasions and different stress situations.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the bar is circular, circular, square, prolate, hollow, bamboo hollow, L-shaped, groove-shaped, I-shaped, honeycomb hollow, porous, variable cross-section , or at the same time also reduce the diameter along the axis of the rod. In this way, the cross-sectional shape of the bar can be flexibly selected according to the actual force and the manufacturing process, which is convenient for production and actual use.

The invention is also characterized in that the rod is a composite rod or a composite rod. The combined rod can be a combination of more than two groups of rods or there are reinforcing ribs on the rods, or a combination of rods with different material properties. Composite rods include flat layered composite rods, surrounding layered composite rods, and composite rods made of different performance materials. In this way, the strength and rigidity of the rods are further improved, the performance of force transmission is better, the rods are not easy to lose stability, and the performance characteristics of various rods and materials can be fully utilized.

The present invention is also characterized in that the composite rod is a composite rod whose surface is fixed or pasted with a reinforced surface layer, and the reinforced surface layer is a thin metal plate, carbon fiber plate, glass fiber reinforced plastic sheet, fiber silk cloth, fiber mesh cloth, or steel fiber, or There are also anchor feet or holes on the reinforcement surface. In this way, the strength and rigidity of the bar are greatly improved, and the performance of force transmission is better.

The present invention is also characterized in that the truss units or trusses are cable-strut trusses, planar trusses, space trusses, three-dimensional trusses, and joints are consolidated into bar trusses composed of quadrilaterals, pentagons, and hexagons. In this way, there are many forms of truss units or trusses, which can be flexibly selected and used according to actual usage conditions, which is convenient for design and construction, and the force and force transmission of the formwork are more uniform, and the upper roof can bear concentrated loads.

The present invention is also characterized in that the rods themselves are connected to each other or connected to the upper top plate or the surrounding side walls or the lower bottom by adhesive bonding, welding, wire bonding, fastening, clamping, riveting, hinged, perforated and anchored connections Or integral molding or a combination of the above. In this way, the manufacture of the formwork member is very convenient, easy to implement and low in cost.

The present invention is also characterized in that the top bar of the truss unit is the upper top plate or the reinforcing rib on it, or the bottom bar is the lower bottom or the reinforcing rib on it, or the top bar and the bottom bar are respectively the upper top plate, the lower bottom or the other Ribs on the top. In this way, the top rod or the bottom rod of the truss member can be correspondingly omitted, so that the truss becomes simple, convenient to manufacture and lower in cost.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one side wall around the formwork has at least one or more bosses. In this way, the cast-in-place concrete rods between the bosses form the truss cast-in-place hidden ribs, so that the concrete hidden ribs between the formworks are truss-type hidden ribs, the weight of the hidden ribs is reduced, and the mechanical performance is improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one bar in at least one boss, and the boss is a solid boss or a hollow boss, or the hollow boss is filled with light materials. In this way, the rods in the boss participate in the stress of the truss-type cast-in-place concrete hidden rib, so that the stress performance is more reliable.

The present invention is also characterized in that there are reinforcing ribs on at least one inner or outer surface of the surrounding sidewalls or upper top plate or lower bottom or both or three of them, the reinforcing ribs are hollow or solid, and the height and thickness are consistent or unequal. In this way, due to the reinforcing ribs, the strength and rigidity of the formwork are further improved, the embedding with the cast-in-situ concrete is firmer, and the performance of the formwork participating in force bearing and force transmission is better.

The present invention is also characterized in that the outer surface of the upper top plate or the surrounding side walls or both is a corrugated, zigzag, indented, napped rough surface. In this way, the bonding force between the formwork member and the cast-in-place concrete can be better improved, and the overall performance of the cast-in-place concrete can be improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that the formwork formed by the upper top plate and the surrounding side walls is a layered structure of more than two layers in which one layer of cement, one layer of fiber or fiber cloth and one layer of cement are superimposed on each other. In this way, the formwork member is reinforced by fibers, its strength and rigidity are greatly increased, and it is easy to manufacture.

The present invention is also characterized in that the formwork formed by the upper top plate or the surrounding side walls is a composite structure of truss single-sided or double-sided outer coating layers, or a composite structure of honeycomb skeleton single-sided or double-sided outer coating layers. In this way, the formwork is a hollow wall, so that the weight of the formwork is further reduced, the cost is reduced, and the construction is more convenient and easy.

The present invention is also characterized in that the upper top plate of the formwork and the surrounding side walls are integrated into a single basin or a combination of two or more components. In this way, the manufacture of the formwork is easier, more convenient and less costly.

The present invention is also characterized in that there are reinforcements in the lower bottom, upper top plate, surrounding side walls, rods, stiffeners, and stiffeners, and the reinforcements are fibers, fiber mesh cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabrics, steel bars, and steel mesh , steel wire mesh, prestressed steel bars or a combination thereof. In this way, since there are reinforcements in the mold shell, its strength, rigidity and impact toughness are greatly improved, and the overall force bearing and force transmission performance are greatly improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that exposed anchoring ribs or exposed nets or both are protruded from the lower bottom or the upper top plate or both, or the lower bottom or the upper top plate or both are picked out from the surrounding side walls at the same time. With a bottom edge, or a combination of the above. In this way, the exposed anchor bars or exposed nets are exposed, and the formwork can be better bonded with the cast-in-place concrete to form a whole, which improves the overall performance; if the lower bottom also has a bottom edge, the bottom edge can serve as a hidden rib formwork The construction cost can be further reduced.

The present invention is also characterized in that the lower bottom or the lower bottom and the bottom edge of the upper top plate are zigzag, wavy, hypotenuse, or step-shaped, or the bottom edge also protrudes with exposed anchor ribs, exposed nets, Dew fiber, anti-crack mesh cloth, anti-crack iron sheet with spines, dovetail-shaped iron sheet or pressed mesh iron sheet or their combination. In this way, the bond between the bottom edge and the cast-in-place concrete is stronger, and the integrity is better.

The present invention is also characterized in that the connections between the surrounding sidewalls, the upper top plate and the lower bottom are glued, welded, threaded, buckled, clamped, riveted, hinged, perforated and anchored, integrally formed or a combination thereof. In this way, the manufacture of the formwork member is more convenient and easier, and the cost is lower.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one stiffening rib is arranged inside the mold shell, and the stiffening rib is solid or hollow. In this way, the strength and rigidity of the formwork are further enhanced, which is especially suitable for occasions where the formwork members are involved in greater stress.

The invention is also characterized in that the sides of the stiffeners are ribbed. In this way, the strength and rigidity of the stiffeners are increased, and the thickness of the stiffeners can be reduced accordingly, reducing weight and saving materials.

The present invention is also characterized in that the appearance shape of the three-dimensional formwork is a cuboid, a cube, a pentagon, a hexagon, a cylinder or a special shape. In this way, design and construction units can flexibly choose according to needs, which is convenient for design and construction.

The present invention is also characterized in that one end of the three-dimensional formwork shell is thinner and the other end is thicker, or the bottom or stiffener is thinner at one end and thicker at the other end. This type of formwork is suitable for close to walls, columns, and beams; during construction, the thinner end is placed close to the walls, columns, and beams to increase the effective converted thickness of concrete accordingly.

The present invention is also characterized in that the stiffeners in the formwork shell protrude from the surrounding side walls or the upper top plate to have exposed anchor ribs or exposed mesh or exposed ribs or a combination thereof. In this way, the bonding and embedding between the stiffener and the cast-in-situ concrete are better, and the mechanical performance and integrity are improved.

The present invention is also characterized in that the upper top board and the surrounding side walls are made of plastic film, plastic board, composite film, GRC board, metal profiled board, cement fiber board, honeycomb board, plexiglass steel, waterproof cardboard, sawdust board, concrete board, steel bar or Steel wire concrete board or mortar board.

The present invention is also characterized in that the rods are reinforced mortar rods, reinforced concrete rods, steel pipes, steel-skinned concrete rods, prestressed rods, bamboo rods, glass steel rods, GRC rods, carbon fiber rods, steel bars, plastic rods, and straight seam metal pipes. , spiral seam metal pipe, steel mesh pipe, glass fiber cloth pipe, glass steel pipe, pipe with holes in the pipe wall, metal-plastic composite pipe, hollow concrete mortar pipe, reinforced lightweight concrete reinforced pipe or concrete filled steel pipe. For example, the steel pipe concrete pole can give full play to the respective advantages of steel pipe tensile strength and concrete compression resistance, and eliminates the brittle defects of ultra-thin pipes.

The present invention is also characterized in that a handle is provided on the three-dimensional formwork. In this way, construction and transportation are more convenient.

The present invention is also characterized in that draw hooks, drawing wires, hanging parts, embedded iron parts, sinkers, reserved holes, embedded conduits, junction boxes, water pipes, ventilation pipes or combinations thereof are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. In this way, it is more convenient for subsequent construction and decoration.

The present invention is also characterized in that the surfaces of the upper top plate, the surrounding side walls, the lower bottom plate, the stiffeners, and the reinforcing ribs are fixed or pasted with a reinforcing tape or a reinforcing surface layer, and the reinforcing tape or the reinforcing surface layer is a metal plate, a carbon fiber plate, a glass steel plate, Fiber cloth, fiber mesh cloth or steel wire, or reinforcing tape or reinforcing surface layer are also provided with anchor feet. In this way, the strength and rigidity of the formwork are greatly improved, and its overall force bearing and force transmission performance is better.

The present invention is also characterized in that the inner reinforcement of the lower bottom is connected to the reinforcement in the bar or stiffener. In this way, the overall performance and force transmission performance of the formwork are better.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cavity is provided with a sound-insulating layer or filled with lightweight materials, and the lightweight materials are lightweight concrete or expanded perlite or expanded vermiculite or rock wool or foamed plastics. In this way, the sound insulation and thermal insulation properties of the mold shell are better, and it is more suitable for occasions with sound insulation and thermal insulation.

The invention is also characterized in that the bars are ribs on the upper roof, surrounding side walls or lower bottom.

The present invention is also characterized in that there are holes in the lower bottom for threading ribs.

The present invention is also characterized in that there are exposed anchor tendons or exposed rod ends or a combination of the two on the boss.

4. Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, 1 is the upper top plate, 2 is the surrounding side wall, 3 is the lower bottom, 4 is the closed cavity, and 5 is the rod. In other drawings, the numbers are the same, Its instructions are the same. As shown in FIG. 1 , five straight rods 5 of equal section and two broken line rods 5 are arranged in the formwork.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which four curved rods 5 are arranged in the formwork.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and the rods 5 provided in the formwork include straight rods with equal cross-sections, solid straight rods with variable cross-sections, hollow rods with upper openings, and cables.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention, in which there are multiple truss units 6 in the formwork.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention, in which a handover rod 7 is arranged inside the formwork.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention, and the rod end 8 of the rod 5 protrudes outside the formwork, and the rod 5 is a hollow rod, after the formwork is applied to the cast-in-place concrete floor, the concrete It can enter into the rod 5, be embedded with the rod 5, and connect the lower bottom 3 with the cast-in-place concrete to form a whole. The overall performance of the floor slab is improved, and the formwork participates in force bearing and force transmission performance is better.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention, the rod end 8 of the rod 5 protrudes outside the formwork shell, and there are exposed anchor ribs 9, and the shaft of the rod 5, which can be compared with the cast-in-place concrete Well-bonded to form a whole, the force-bearing and force-transmitting performance of the formwork is better.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention. A plurality of truss units 6 in the formwork form a truss 10, and the truss units 6 are arranged in an orthogonal butt joint with each other, and rods 5 are provided as diagonal braces to raise the truss 10 for integrity.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 9 of the present invention. The cross-sectional shape of the rod 5 is circular, and may also be other square, I-shaped, etc. FIG.

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 10 of the present invention, and the rod member 5 is a multi-layer composite laminated reinforced composite rod.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 11 of the present invention. The rod 5 is a composite rod with a reinforced concrete inside and a thin steel pipe outside, or the steel pipe is also coated with an anti-corrosion layer or a fireproof coating.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 12 of the present invention, and the rod 5 is a combined rod of a plurality of round rods.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 13 of the present invention. The composite rod 5 is a composite rod with a reinforced surface layer 11 fixed on the surface of the rod, and the reinforced surface layer 11 also has an anchor foot 12 at the same time.  is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 13 .

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 14 of the present invention. The composite rod 5 is a rod with a reinforced surface layer 11 pasted on its surface.

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 15 of the present invention. The truss 10 is a cable-strut truss, and the rod 5 has a rod end 8 protruding from it.

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 16 of the present invention, the truss 10 is a consolidated quadrilateral truss, and the rod 5 has a shaft protruding from it.

Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 17 of the present invention, the connection 14 between the truss 10 and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 is a cemented connection, and the connection 13 between the rods 5 is integrally formed.

Figure 18 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 18 of the present invention, the connection 14 between the truss 10 formed by the rods 5 and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 is a perforated anchor connection, and the connection 13 between the rods 5 is integrally formed .

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 19 of the present invention, in which the ejector rod 5 of the truss 10 is omitted, and the upper top plate 1 is directly used as the ejector rod 5 .

FIG. 20 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 20 of the present invention, in which the bottom bar 5 of the truss 10 is omitted, and the lower bottom 3 is directly used as the bottom bar 5 .

FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 21 of the present invention, in which four surrounding side walls 2 have two bosses 15, and one side of the lower bottom 3 has a bottom edge 26.

Fig. 22 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 22 of the present invention. There are two bosses 15 on the four surrounding side walls 2, and there are two rods 16 in each boss 15, and the two sides of the lower bottom 3 are raised. There is a base 26 .

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 23 of the present invention, in which there are solid reinforcing ribs 17 on the surrounding side walls 2, and the thickness is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom.

FIG. 24 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 24 of the present invention. There are reinforcing ribs 17 on the upper top plate 1 , and bottom edges 26 are picked out around the lower bottom 3 .

Fig. 25 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 25 of the present invention. There are reinforcing ribs 17 of different heights and thicknesses on the upper top plate 1; reinforcing ribs 17 are provided on the side wall 2, which is also a rod 5, and the two are combined into one .

Fig. 26 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 26 of the present invention, in which the outer surfaces of the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 are all corrugated outer surfaces.

Fig. 27 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 27 of the present invention, in which the outer surfaces of the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 are all roughened in a rough shape.

Figure 28 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 28 of the present invention, the formwork formed by the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 is a layer of cement material 11, a layer of fiber cloth 12 and a layer of cement material 11 superimposed on two or more layers layered structure.

29 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 29 of the present invention. The formwork formed for the upper roof 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 is a composite structure of a layer of trusses 20 with double-sided outer film layers 21 .

Fig. 30 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 30 of the present invention, the formwork formed for the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 is a composite structure of one layer of honeycomb skeleton 22 and one outer film layer 21 .

Fig. 31 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 31 of the present invention, which is a square basin-shaped object composed of four components consisting of the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 of the formwork, the shaft of the rod 5 is exposed on the upper top plate 1, There are exposed anchoring tendons 9 on it.

FIG. 32 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 32 of the present invention, in which reinforcements 23 are pre-embedded in the lower bottom 3 , and reinforcements 23 are pre-embedded in the top plate 1 and side walls 2 .

Fig. 33 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 33 of the present invention, in which steel wire mesh and fiber reinforcement 23 are pre-embedded in the upper top plate 1, side wall 2 and lower bottom 3 at the same time.

Fig. 34 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 34 of the present invention, in which the exposed anchor ribs 24 protrude from the lower bottom 3, and the bottom edge 26 is also picked out at the same time.

Fig. 35 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 35 of the present invention, in which a exposed net 25 is picked out for the lower bottom 3, and a bottom edge 26 is also picked out at the same time.

Fig. 36 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 36 of the present invention, the bottom edge 26 protruding from the lower bottom 3 is stepped, and exposed anchor ribs 24 protrude from it.

FIG. 37 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 37 of the present invention. The bottom edge 26 picked out for the lower bottom 3 is in a zigzag shape, and exposed anchor ribs 24 extend out at the same time.

FIG. 38 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 38 of the present invention. The bottom edge 26 picked out for the lower bottom 3 is hypotenuse-shaped, and exposed anchor ribs 24 protrude from it.

的局部放大示意图的另一示例，表示底边26伸出的也可以是防裂带棘头铁片29；B-3也是表示

的局部放大示意图的另一示例，表示底边26上有防裂带棘头铁片29。Fig. 39 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 39 of the present invention, in which bottom edge 26 is picked out for lower bottom 3, and exposed net 25, fiber filaments 27 and anti-crack cloth 28 are also stretched out. A partial enlarged schematic view of the bottom edge 26 is shown. B-1 means An example of a partially enlarged schematic diagram of , which shows that the bottom edge 26 has fiber filaments 27 and anti-crack cloth 28; B-2 also shows

Another example of the partially enlarged schematic diagram of , which shows that the bottom edge 26 protrudes may also be a crack-proof band ratchet iron piece 29; B-3 also shows that

Another example of the partially enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 1 shows that there is an anti-split iron sheet 29 with a ratchet head on the bottom edge 26.

Fig. 40 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment 40 of the present invention, which shows that the connection 30 between the surrounding side wall 2 and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 is a cemented connection.

FIG. 41 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 41 of the present invention, and the connection 30 between the surrounding side wall 2 and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 is welded connection.

Fig. 42 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 42 of the present invention, in which a solid stiffener 31 is arranged in the mold shell.

Fig. 43 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 43 of the present invention, in which a hollow stiffener 31 is arranged in the mold shell.

Fig. 44 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 44 of the present invention, in which a hollow stiffener 31 is arranged in the mold shell.

Fig. 45 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 45 of the present invention, in which a solid stiffener 31 with stiffeners 32 on both sides is arranged in the mold shell.

Fig. 46 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 46 of the present invention, in which a hollow stiffener 31 with reinforcing ribs 32 on both sides is arranged in the mold shell.

Fig. 47 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 47 of the present invention, in which a hollow stiffener 31 with reinforcing ribs 32 on both sides is arranged in the mold shell.

Fig. 48 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 48 of the present invention, which is a three-dimensional load-bearing formwork whose external shape is a cuboid.

Fig. 49 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 49 of the present invention, which is a three-dimensional load-bearing formwork whose external shape is a hexagon.

Fig. 50 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 50 of the present invention, the right end of the three-dimensional load-bearing formwork is thinner, and the left end is thicker.

FIG. 51 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 51 of the present invention, in which the stiffeners 31 protrude from the upper top plate 1 with exposed anchoring ribs 33 .

FIG. 52 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 52 of the present invention, in which the stiffeners 31 protrude from the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 with exposed nets 34 .

FIG. 53 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 53 of the present invention, in which the stiffeners 31 protrude from the upper top plate 1 with exposed anchoring ribs 33 .

Figure 54 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 54 of the present invention, in which the stiffener 31 protrudes from the upper top plate 1 with exposed ribs 35 and at the same time protrudes with exposed nets 34; the lower bottom 3 has a bottom edge 26 and exposed Rib 24 and anti-cracking band ratchet iron sheet 29.

Fig. 55 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 55 of the present invention, which is provided with a handle 36 on the three-dimensional formwork.

Fig. 56 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 56 of the present invention, in which a pull hook 37 and a draw wire 38 are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork.

Fig. 57 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 57 of the present invention, which is provided with drawing wires 38, hanging parts 39, and embedded iron parts 40 on the three-dimensional formwork.

Fig. 58 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 58 of the present invention, in which a sinker 41, a reserved hole 42, and a ventilation pipe 46 are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork.

Fig. 59 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 59 of the present invention, which is provided with embedded conduits 43, junction boxes 44, and water pipes 45 on the three-dimensional formwork.

Fig. 60 is a structural schematic diagram of embodiment 60 of the present invention, the surface of the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom plate 3 of the formwork is pasted with a reinforcement tape 47, and the side wall 2 is fixed with a reinforcement surface layer 48, and there are anchor feet 49 at the same time.

Fig. 61 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 61 of the present invention, which is that the inner reinforcement of the lower bottom 3 is connected with the reinforcement in the rod 5 and the stiffener 31.

FIG. 62 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment 62 of the present invention, in which a sound-insulating layer 50 is provided in the mold shell cavity 4 .

FIG. 63 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 63 of the present invention, in which the mold shell cavity 4 is filled with expanded perlite 51 .

FIG. 64 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 64 of the present invention, in which holes 52 for piercing ribs are provided in the lower bottom 3 .

FIG. 65 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 65 of the present invention. There are exposed rod ends 8 and exposed anchor ribs 9 on the boss 15 .

Fig. 66 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 66 of the present invention, and also shows that the upper top plate 1 is integrated with the surrounding side walls 2, and is about to be connected with the truss 10 and the lower bottom 3. The lower bottom 3 has a bottom. Limit 26, and exposed muscle 24, exposed net 25 are arranged.

FIG. 67 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 67 of the present invention, the lower bottom 3 has a bottom edge 26 and an exposed net 25 .

Fig. 68 is a structural schematic diagram of embodiment 68 of the present invention, the bottom 3 of which has a bottom edge 26, and the shaft of the rod 5 on the truss 10 protrudes outside the mold shell.

Fig. 69 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 69 of the present invention, the bottom 3 of which has a bottom edge 26, and the shaft of the rod 5 on the truss 10 protrudes outside the mold shell.

Fig. 70 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment 70 of the present invention, the lower bottom 3 has a bottom edge 26, and there is an anti-crack iron plate 29 with a ratchet head on the bottom edge.

Figure 71 is a schematic diagram of a partially enlarged use state structure at point C in Figure 70. The rod 5 is a hollow rod with an upward opening, and cast-in-situ reinforced concrete is poured in it. After the reinforced concrete is poured, the rod 5 forms a steel pipe reinforced concrete rod. The lower bottom 3 is connected with the cast-in-place reinforced concrete of the upper roof 1 to form a whole.

Fig. 72 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 71 of the present invention, and it is also a schematic view of a state in which the lower bottom 3 and the truss 10 have been connected into one, and the housing formed by the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 is about to be connected into a whole.

Fig. 73 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 72 of the present invention, in which exposed ribs 24 protrude from the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 at the same time.

Fig. 74 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 73 of the present invention, where the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 protrude from the bottom edge 26, and protrude from the exposed net 25.

Fig. 75 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 74 of the present invention, in which the rods 5 of the truss 10 in the cavity have rod ends 8 protruding from the four corners of the formwork.

Figure 76 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 75 of the present invention, the rods 5 of the truss 10 in the cavity protrude from the four corners of the formwork respectively with rod ends 8, and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 are picked out. Bottom edge 26.

(5) Specific implementation methods

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention comprises an upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and a lower bottom 3, and the upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and lower bottom 3 are connected to each other to form a polyhedron closed cavity 4, and in the cavity 4 there are at least More than one rod member 5 is characterized in that at least one rod member 5 is a curved rod, and the rod member 5 is integrally formed with the formwork. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, 1 is the upper top plate, 2 is the surrounding side wall, 3 is the lower bottom, 4 is the closed cavity, and 5 is the rod. In other drawings, the numbers are the same, Its instructions are the same. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which four curved rods 5 are arranged in the formwork.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention comprises an upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and a lower bottom 3, and the upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and lower bottom 3 are connected to each other to form a polyhedron closed cavity 4, and in the cavity 4 there are at least More than one rod 5 is characterized in that at least one of the rods 5 is a broken line rod, and the rod 5 is integrated with the formwork. As shown in FIG. 1 , five straight rods 5 of equal section and two broken line rods 5 are arranged in the formwork.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention comprises an upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and a lower bottom 3, and the upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and lower bottom 3 are connected to each other to form a polyhedron closed cavity 4, and in the cavity 4 there are at least More than one rod 5 is characterized in that at least one rod 5 is a cable, and the rod 5 is integrated with the formwork. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and the rods 5 provided in the formwork include straight rods with equal cross-sections, solid straight rods with variable cross-sections, hollow rods with upper openings, and cables.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention comprises an upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and a lower bottom 3, and the upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and lower bottom 3 are connected to each other to form a polyhedron closed cavity 4, and in the cavity 4 there are at least More than one rod member 5 is characterized in that at least one rod member 5 is a straight rod with equal cross-section, and the rod member 5 is integrally formed with the formwork. As shown in Figure 3.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention comprises an upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and a lower bottom 3, and the upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and lower bottom 3 are connected to each other to form a polyhedron closed cavity 4, and in the cavity 4 there are at least More than one rod 5 is characterized in that at least one of the rods 5 is a solid straight rod with variable cross-section, and the rod 5 is integral with the formwork. As shown in Figure 3.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention comprises an upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and a lower bottom 3, and the upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and lower bottom 3 are connected to each other to form a polyhedron closed cavity 4, and in the cavity 4 there are at least More than one bar 5 is characterized in that the bar 5 is at least one of an upper opening hollow bar, a curved bar, a broken line bar, a cable, a straight bar with equal section or a solid straight bar with variable section, and the bar 5 and the formwork form a whole. As shown in Figure 3.

The present invention is also characterized in that the upper opening hollow rod 5 is filled with concrete or reinforced concrete. As shown in Figure 71.

The present invention is also characterized in that steel bars are arranged in the upper opening hollow rod 5 . As shown in Figure 71.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention comprises an upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and a lower bottom 3, and the upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2 and lower bottom 3 are connected to each other to form a polyhedron closed cavity 4, and in the cavity 4 there are at least More than one rod 5 is characterized in that the rod 5 is at least one of a hollow straight rod with a variable cross-section, a curved rod, a broken line rod, a cable, a straight rod with a constant cross-section, a solid straight rod with a variable cross-section or a hollow rod with an upper opening, The rod 5 is integral with the formwork. As shown in Figure 3.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one triangular bar truss unit 6 composed of a plurality of bars 5 is arranged inside the formwork shell. Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention, in which there are multiple truss units 6 in the formwork.

The present invention is also characterized in that a plurality of truss units 6 in the formwork body form a truss 10, and the truss units 6 are at least one of orthogonal, oblique, parallel, curved joint, butt joint arrangement, three-dimensional space arrangement or high and low staggered arrangement. kind. Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention. A plurality of truss units 6 in the formwork form a truss 10, and the truss units 6 are arranged in an orthogonal butt joint with each other, and rods 5 are provided as diagonal braces to raise the truss 10 for integrity. Fig. 72 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 71 of the present invention, and it is also a schematic view of a state in which the lower bottom 3 and the truss 10 have been connected into one, and the housing formed by the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 is about to be connected into a whole.

The present invention is also characterized in that the top member 5 of the truss unit is the upper top plate 1 . FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 19 of the present invention, in which the ejector rod 5 of the truss 10 is omitted, and the upper top plate 1 is directly used as the ejector rod 5 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the top member 5 of the truss unit is the reinforcing rib 17 on the upper top plate 1 .

The present invention is also characterized in that two or more transfer rods 7 composed of a plurality of rods 5 are arranged in the mold shell. Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention, in which a handover rod 7 is arranged inside the formwork.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least two or more transfer rods 7 are exposed. As shown in Figures 75 and 76.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one rod 5 in the cavity 4 of the mold shell, and a rod body extends out of the mold shell. Shown in Figure 68 and Figure 69, the shaft of the rod 5 stretches out of the mold housing.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one rod 5 in the cavity 4 of the mold shell, and a rod end 8 protrudes out of the mold shell. Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention, and the rod end 8 of the rod 5 protrudes outside the formwork, and the rod 5 is a hollow rod, after the formwork is applied to the cast-in-place concrete floor, the concrete It can enter into the rod 5, be embedded with the rod 5, and connect the lower bottom 3 with the cast-in-place concrete to form a whole. The overall performance of the floor slab is improved, and the formwork participates in force bearing and force transmission performance is better. Shown in Figure 68 and Figure 69, the shaft of the rod 5 stretches out of the mold housing. Fig. 75 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 74 of the present invention, in which the rods 5 of the truss 10 in the cavity have rod ends 8 protruding from the four corners of the formwork. Figure 76 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 75 of the present invention, the rods 5 of the truss 10 in the cavity protrude from the four corners of the formwork respectively with rod ends 8, and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 are picked out. Bottom edge 26.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one rod member 5 in the formwork cavity 4 protruding out of the formwork housing with exposed anchor ribs 9 or exposed nets or concave-convex mesh iron sheets. Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention, the rod end 8 of the rod 5 protrudes outside the formwork shell, and there are exposed anchor ribs 9, and the shaft of the rod 5, which can be compared with the cast-in-place concrete Well-bonded to form a whole, the force-bearing and force-transmitting performance of the formwork is better.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one rod member 5 protruding from the formwork cavity 4 to have at least one of a rod end 8, an exposed anchor rib 9, an exposed net or a concave-convex mesh iron sheet. Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention, the rod end 8 of the rod 5 protrudes outside the formwork shell, and there are exposed anchor ribs 9, and the shaft of the rod 5, which can be compared with the cast-in-place concrete Well-bonded to form a whole, the force-bearing and force-transmitting performance of the formwork is better.

The present invention is also characterized in that the anchor bars of at least one truss 10 constituted by rods 5 are exposed outside the formwork. As shown in Figures 31, 51, 52, 53, and 54.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one truss 10 made of rods 5 or more than two transfer rods are exposed outside the formwork. As shown in Figures 68 and 69.

The invention is also characterized in that at least one rod 5 is exposed from the side wall. As shown in Figures 75 and 76.

The present invention is also characterized in that a groove 41 is arranged on the upper top plate 1 , and at least one upright rod 5 is arranged under the groove 41 . As shown in Figure 58.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one upright bar 5 intersecting with the transverse bar under the groove 41 of the upper top plate 1 . As shown in Figure 58.

The present invention is also characterized in that the U-shaped bar under the groove 41 of the upper top plate 1 intersects the upright bar. As shown in Figure 58.

The present invention is also characterized in that the lower surface of the upper top plate 1 is provided with ribs, and there are upright rods 5 under the ribs. As shown in Figure 58.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod 5 is circular. FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 9 of the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the rod 5 is circular.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod 5 is circular.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the bar 5 is square.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the bar member 5 is prolate.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod member 5 is hollow.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod member 5 is a hollow bamboo joint.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the bar 5 is L-shaped.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the bar member 5 is a groove shape.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod 5 is I-shaped.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the bar member 5 is a honeycomb hollow shape.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod member 5 is porous.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the bar member 5 is a variable cross-sectional shape.

The invention is also characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod 5 also decreases in diameter along the axis of the rod 5 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the rod 5 is a composite rod. Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 12 of the present invention, and the rod 5 is a combined rod of a plurality of round rods.

The invention is also characterized in that the rod 5 is a composite rod. FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 10 of the present invention, and the rod member 5 is a multi-layer composite laminated reinforced composite rod. Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 11 of the present invention. The rod 5 is a composite rod with a reinforced concrete inside and a thin steel pipe outside, or the steel pipe is also coated with an anti-corrosion layer or a fireproof coating.

The present invention is also characterized in that the rod member 5 is a composite rod formed by the rod shell and the filler in the rod shell, and the filler is wrapped with steel bars or the inner wrapped steel bars also protrude from the upper top plate. As shown in Figures 69 and 71.

The present invention is also characterized in that the reinforcing bars wrapped in the filler are connected with the inner reinforcing bars of the lower bottom. As shown in Figure 71.

The present invention is also characterized in that the steel bars wrapped in the filler are connected with the inner steel bars of the lower bottom, and the inner wrapped steel bars protrude from the upper top plate. As shown in Figure 71.

The invention is also characterized in that at least one rod 5 is a laminated composite rod. As shown in Figures 10 and 13.

The present invention is also characterized in that the composite rod 5 is a composite rod with a reinforcing surface layer 11 fixed on the surface of the rod. Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 13 of the present invention. The composite rod 5 is a composite rod with a reinforced surface layer 11 fixed on the surface of the rod, and the reinforced surface layer 11 also has an anchor foot 12 at the same time.  is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 13 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the composite rod 5 is a composite rod pasted with a reinforcing surface layer 11 . FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 14 of the present invention. The composite rod 5 is a rod with a reinforced surface layer 11 pasted on its surface.

The present invention is also characterized in that the reinforcing surface layer 11 is a thin metal plate, a carbon fiber plate, a glass fiber reinforced plastic plate, fiber silk cloth, fiber mesh cloth, or steel fiber.

The present invention is also characterized in that the reinforcing surface layer 11 also has anchor feet 12 or holes. Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 13 of the present invention. The composite rod 5 is a composite rod with a reinforced surface layer 11 fixed on the surface of the rod, and the reinforced surface layer 11 also has an anchor foot 12 at the same time.  is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 13 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the truss unit 6 or the truss 10 is at least one of a cable-strut truss, a plane truss, a space truss, a three-dimensional truss, a joint-consolidated quadrilateral, a pentagon, and a hexagon. FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 15 of the present invention. The truss 10 is a cable-strut truss, and the rod 5 has a rod end 8 protruding from it. Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 16 of the present invention, the truss 10 is a consolidated quadrilateral truss, and the rod 5 has a shaft protruding from it.

The invention is also characterized in that the interconnection 13 between the rods 5 themselves is glued. Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 17 of the present invention, the connection 14 between the truss 10 and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 is a cemented connection, and the connection 13 between the rods 5 is integrally formed.

The present invention is also characterized in that the interconnections 13 between the rods 5 themselves are welded, threaded, buckled, clamped, riveted, hinged or perforated anchored. Figure 18 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 18 of the present invention, the connection 14 between the truss 10 formed by the rods 5 and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 is a perforated anchor connection, and the connection 13 between the rods 5 is integrally formed .

The present invention is also characterized in that the interconnections 13 between the rods 5 themselves are integrally formed.

The feature of the present invention is that the interconnection 13 between the rods 5 itself is at least one of glue joint, welding, wire joint, buckle joint, clip joint, riveting joint, hinge joint, perforated anchor joint or integral molding.

The present invention is also characterized in that the rod member 5 is glued to the upper top plate 1 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the rod member 5 is connected to the upper top plate 1 by welding, threading, buckling, clamping, riveting, hinged or perforated anchoring.

The present invention is also characterized in that the rod member 5 and the upper top plate 1 are integrally formed.

The present invention is also characterized in that the rod member 5 and the upper top plate 1 are at least one of glued, welded, threaded, buckled, clamped, riveted, hinged, perforated and anchored, or integrally formed.

The invention is also characterized in that the rod 5 is glued to the surrounding side wall 2 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the rod member 5 is connected to the surrounding side wall 2 by welding, threading, buckling, clamping, riveting, hinged or perforated anchoring.

The invention is also characterized in that the rod 5 is integrally formed with the surrounding side wall 2 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the rod member 5 and the surrounding side wall 2 are at least one of glued, welded, threaded, buckled, clamped, riveted, hinged, perforated and anchored, or integrally formed.

The invention is also characterized in that the connection 14 between the bar 5 and the lower base 3 is glued.

The present invention is also characterized in that the connection 14 between the rod 5 and the lower bottom 3 is welded, threaded, buckled, clipped, riveted, hinged or perforated anchored.

The invention is also characterized in that the connection 14 between the bar 5 and the lower base 3 is integrally formed.

The present invention is also characterized in that the connection 14 between the rod 5 and the lower bottom 3 is at least one of glue joint, welding, wire joint, buckle joint, clip joint, riveting joint, hinge joint, perforated anchor joint or integral molding.

The present invention is also characterized in that the bottom bar 5 is the lower bottom 3 or the reinforcing rib 17 on it. FIG. 20 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 20 of the present invention, in which the bottom bar 5 of the truss 10 is omitted, and the lower bottom 3 is directly used as the bottom bar 5 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the top bar 5 and the bottom bar 5 are simultaneously the upper top plate 1, the lower bottom 3 or the ribs 17 thereon.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one side wall 2 around the formwork has at least one boss 15, and the boss 15 is a solid boss, a hollow boss, or the hollow boss 15 is also filled with at least one of the lightweight materials. A sort of. FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 21 of the present invention, in which four surrounding side walls 2 have two bosses 15, and one side of the lower bottom 3 has a bottom edge 26.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one rod 16 inside at least one boss 15 . Fig. 22 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 22 of the present invention. There are two bosses 15 on the four surrounding side walls 2, and there are two rods 16 in each boss 15, and the two sides of the lower bottom 3 are raised. There is a base 26 .

The present invention is also characterized in that there is at least one bar 16 or rib bar 16 exposed inside at least one boss 15 . As shown in Figures 65 and 70.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one of the bosses 15 has exposed tendon transfer rods 16 exposed. As shown in Figures 65 and 70.

The present invention is also characterized in that the outer surface of at least one of the upper top plate 1 or the surrounding side walls 2 is at least one of a corrugated, zigzag, indented or brushed rough surface. Fig. 26 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 26 of the present invention, in which the outer surfaces of the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 are all corrugated outer surfaces. Fig. 27 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 27 of the present invention, in which the outer surfaces of the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 are all roughened in a rough shape.

The present invention is also characterized in that the formwork formed by the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 is a layered structure of more than two layers in which one layer of cement 18, one layer of fiber or fiber cloth 19 and one layer of cement 18 are superimposed on each other. Figure 28 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 28 of the present invention, the formwork formed by the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 is a layer of cement material 11, a layer of fiber cloth 12 and a layer of cement material 11 superimposed on two or more layers layered structure.

The present invention is also characterized in that the formwork formed by the upper top plate 1 or the surrounding side walls 2 is a composite structure of a truss 20 single-sided or double-sided outer coating layer 21, or a honeycomb skeleton 22 single-sided or double-sided outer coating layer 21 composite structure. 29 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 29 of the present invention. The formwork formed for the upper roof 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 is a composite structure of a layer of trusses 20 with double-sided outer film layers 21 . Fig. 30 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 30 of the present invention, the formwork formed for the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 is a composite structure of one layer of honeycomb skeleton 22 and one outer film layer 21 .

The invention is also characterized by a single basin in which the upper roof 1 of the formwork is integral with the surrounding side walls 2 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 of the formwork are basins composed of more than two components. Fig. 31 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 31 of the present invention, which is a square basin-shaped object composed of four components consisting of the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 of the formwork, the shaft of the rod 5 is exposed on the upper top plate 1, There are exposed anchoring tendons 9 on it.

The present invention is also characterized in that there are reinforcements 23 in the lower bottom 3, upper top plate 1, surrounding side walls 2, and rods 5, and the reinforcements 23 are fibers, fiber mesh cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabrics, steel bars, and steel mesh. , at least one of steel wire mesh or prestressed steel bars. FIG. 32 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 32 of the present invention, in which reinforcements 23 are pre-embedded in the lower bottom 3 , and reinforcements 23 are pre-embedded in the top plate 1 and side walls 2 . Fig. 33 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 33 of the present invention, in which steel wire mesh and fiber reinforcement 23 are pre-embedded in the upper top plate 1, side wall 2 and lower bottom 3 at the same time.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one of the inner or outer surfaces of the surrounding side wall 2 or upper top plate 1 or lower bottom 3 or both or three has a reinforcing rib 17, the reinforcing rib 17 is hollow or solid, and the height and thickness Consistent or unequal, or the reinforcement 23 is contained within the rib 17. FIG. 24 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 24 of the present invention. There are reinforcing ribs 17 on the upper top plate 1 , and bottom edges 26 are picked out around the lower bottom 3 . Fig. 25 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 25 of the present invention. There are reinforcing ribs 17 of different heights and thicknesses on the upper top plate 1; reinforcing ribs 17 are provided on the side wall 2, which is also a rod 5, and the two are combined into one .

The present invention is also characterized in that the inner steel bar of the bar is connected with the inner steel bar of the upper reinforcing bar of the lower bottom. As shown in Figure 71.

The invention is also characterized in that at least one rod engages the intersection of the intersecting ribs of the lower floor or upper roof. As shown in Figure 68.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least two intersecting rods intersect at the intersection of the intersecting ribs of the lower bottom or upper roof. As shown in Figure 68.

The invention is also characterized in that at least one rod is connected to the lower bottom or roof stiffener. As shown in Figures 24, 71, 72, 69, and 70.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one stiffening rib 31 is arranged inside the mold shell, and the stiffening rib 31 is at least one of solid, hollow or the stiffening rib 31 contains reinforcements 23 . Fig. 42 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 42 of the present invention, in which a solid stiffener 31 is arranged in the mold shell. Fig. 43 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 43 of the present invention, in which a hollow stiffener 31 is arranged in the mold shell. Fig. 44 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 44 of the present invention, in which a hollow stiffener 31 is arranged in the mold shell.

The present invention is also characterized in that the ribs 31 have reinforcing ribs 32 on their sides. Fig. 45 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 45 of the present invention, in which a solid stiffener 31 with stiffeners 32 on both sides is arranged in the mold shell. Fig. 46 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 46 of the present invention, in which a hollow stiffener 31 with reinforcing ribs 32 on both sides is arranged in the mold shell. Fig. 47 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 47 of the present invention, in which a hollow stiffener 31 with reinforcing ribs 32 on both sides is arranged in the mold shell.

The present invention is also characterized in that the stiffeners 31 in the formwork shell protrude from the surrounding side walls 2 or the upper top plate 1 to have exposed anchor ribs 33 or exposed nets 34 or exposed ribs 35 or a combination thereof. FIG. 51 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 51 of the present invention, in which the stiffeners 31 protrude from the upper top plate 1 with exposed anchoring ribs 33 . FIG. 52 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 52 of the present invention, in which the stiffeners 31 protrude from the upper top plate 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 with exposed nets 34 . FIG. 53 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 53 of the present invention, in which the stiffeners 31 protrude from the upper top plate 1 with exposed anchoring ribs 33 . Figure 54 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 54 of the present invention, in which the stiffener 31 protrudes from the upper top plate 1 with exposed ribs 35 and at the same time protrudes with exposed nets 34; the lower bottom 3 has a bottom edge 26 and exposed Rib 24 and anti-cracking band ratchet iron sheet 29.

The present invention is also characterized in that the steel bars in the bottom 3 are connected with the steel bars in the stiffeners 31 . Fig. 61 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 61 of the present invention, which is that the inner reinforcement of the lower bottom 3 is connected with the reinforcement in the rod 5 and the stiffener 31.

The present invention is also characterized in that the steel bars in the lower bottom 3 are connected with the steel bars in the rods 5 . As shown in Figure 61.

The feature of the present invention is also that the steel bar in the bar member 5 is connected with the lower bottom 3 steel bars and stretches out from the upper top plate. As shown in Figure 71.

The invention is also characterized in that the steel bars in the connected rods are connected to each other. As shown in Figures 66 and 62.

The present invention is also characterized in that exposed anchor ribs 24 or exposed nets 25 or both are extended from the bottom 3 or the upper top plate 1 or both. Fig. 35 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 35 of the present invention, in which a net 25 protrudes from the lower bottom 3, and a bottom edge 26 is picked out at the same time.

The present invention is also characterized in that a bottom edge 26 protrudes from the lower bottom 3 or the upper top plate 1 or both from the surrounding side wall 2 at the same time. Fig. 34 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 34 of the present invention, in which the exposed anchor ribs 24 protrude from the lower bottom 3, and the bottom edge 26 is also picked out at the same time.

The present invention is also characterized in that there are exposed anchor ribs 24 or exposed nets 25 or both stretched out from the lower bottom 3 or the upper top board 1 or both, and the lower bottom 3 or the upper top board 1 or both are exposed from the surroundings simultaneously. The side wall 2 protrudes outwards with a bottom edge 26 . Fig. 66 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 66 of the present invention, and also shows that the upper top plate 1 is integrated with the surrounding side walls 2, and is about to be connected with the truss 10 and the lower bottom 3. The lower bottom 3 has a bottom. Limit 26, and exposed muscle 24, exposed net 25 are arranged. FIG. 67 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 67 of the present invention, the lower bottom 3 has a bottom edge 26 and an exposed net 25 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the lower bottom 3 or the bottom 26 of the lower bottom 3 and the upper top plate 1 is at least one of zigzag, wavy, hypotenuse or stepped, or the bottom 26 is also at the same time At least one of exposed anchor tendons 24, exposed nets 25, exposed fiber filaments 27, anti-crack mesh cloth 28, anti-crack iron sheets with spines 29, dovetail-shaped iron sheets or mesh-pressed iron sheets protrudes. Fig. 68 is a structural schematic diagram of embodiment 68 of the present invention, the bottom 3 of which has a bottom edge 26, and the shaft of the rod 5 on the truss 10 protrudes outside the mold shell. Fig. 69 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 69 of the present invention, the bottom 3 of which has a bottom edge 26, and the shaft of the rod 5 on the truss 10 protrudes outside the mold shell. Fig. 73 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 72 of the present invention, in which exposed ribs 24 protrude from the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 at the same time. Fig. 74 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 73 of the present invention, where the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 protrude from the bottom edge 26, and protrude from the exposed net 25. Figure 76 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 75 of the present invention, the rods 5 of the truss 10 in the cavity protrude from the four corners of the formwork respectively with rod ends 8, and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 are picked out. Bottom edge 26.

The present invention is also characterized in that the connection 30 between the surrounding side wall 2 and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 is at least one of gluing, welding, threading, buckling, clamping, riveting, hinged, perforated anchoring connection or integral molding. A sort of. Fig. 40 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment 40 of the present invention, which shows that the connection 30 between the surrounding side wall 2 and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 is a cemented connection. FIG. 41 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 41 of the present invention, and the connection 30 between the surrounding side wall 2 and the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom 3 is welded connection.

The present invention is also characterized in that the appearance shape of the three-dimensional formwork is a cuboid, a cube, a pentagon, a hexagon, a cylinder or a special shape. Fig. 48 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 48 of the present invention, which is a three-dimensional load-bearing formwork whose external shape is a cuboid. Fig. 49 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 49 of the present invention, which is a three-dimensional load-bearing formwork whose external shape is a hexagon.

The present invention is also characterized in that one end of the three-dimensional formwork is thinner and the other end is thicker, or the bottom 3 or stiffener 31 is thinner at one end and thicker at the other end. Fig. 50 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 50 of the present invention, the right end of the three-dimensional load-bearing formwork is thinner, and the left end is thicker.

The present invention is also characterized in that the upper top board 1 and the surrounding side walls 2 are made of plastic film, plastic board, composite film, GRC board, metal profiled board, cement fiber board, honeycomb board, plexiglass steel, waterproof cardboard, sawdust board, concrete board, Reinforced or steel wire concrete panels or mortar panels.

The present invention is also characterized in that the rods 5 are reinforced mortar rods, reinforced concrete rods, steel pipes, steel-skinned concrete rods, prestressed rods, bamboo rods, glass steel rods, GRC rods, carbon fiber rods, steel bars, plastic rods, straight seam metal rods Pipe, spiral seam metal pipe, steel mesh pipe, glass fiber cloth pipe, glass steel pipe, pipe with holes in the pipe wall, metal-plastic composite pipe, hollow concrete mortar pipe, reinforced lightweight concrete reinforced pipe or concrete filled steel pipe.

The present invention is also characterized in that a handle 36 is provided on the three-dimensional formwork. Fig. 55 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 55 of the present invention, which is provided with a handle 36 on the three-dimensional formwork.

The present invention is also characterized in that a drag hook 37 is arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. Fig. 56 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 56 of the present invention, in which a pull hook 37 is arranged on the three-dimensional formwork.

The present invention is also characterized in that drawing wires 38 are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. As shown in Figure 56.

The present invention is also characterized in that a hanger 39 is arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. Fig. 57 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 57 of the present invention, in which drawing wires 38 and hanging parts 39 are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork.

The present invention is also characterized in that embedded iron pieces 40 and sinkers 41 are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. As shown in Figure 58.

The present invention is also characterized in that a reserved hole 42 and a pre-embedded conduit 43 are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. As shown in Figure 58.

The present invention is also characterized in that a junction box 44 is arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. As shown in Figure 58.

The present invention is also characterized in that a water pipe 45 is arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. As shown in Figure 58.

The present invention is also characterized in that a ventilation pipe 46 is arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. As shown in Figure 58.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one of hooks, wires, hangers, sinkers, reserved holes, pre-embedded conduits, junction boxes, water pipes or ventilation pipes is provided on the three-dimensional formwork.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one of the reinforcing tape 47 or the reinforcing surface layer 48 is fixed or pasted on the surface of the upper top plate 1, the surrounding side wall 2, the lower bottom plate 3, the stiffener 31, and the reinforcing rib. The surface layer 48 is at least one of metal plate, carbon fiber plate, glass steel plate, fiber cloth, fiber mesh cloth or steel wire, or the reinforcement strip 47 or the reinforcement surface layer 48 also has anchor feet 49 . Fig. 60 is a structural schematic diagram of embodiment 60 of the present invention, the surface of the upper top plate 1 and the lower bottom plate 3 of the formwork is pasted with a reinforcement tape 47, and the side wall 2 is fixed with a reinforcement surface layer 48, and there are anchor feet 49 at the same time.

The invention is also characterized in that at least one bar is glued together with the upper plate or the lower base. As shown in Figure 71.

The present invention is also characterized in that at least one rod end protrudes from a steel bar and that the rod end and the protruding steel bar are anchored in the reinforced concrete upper roof. As shown in Figure 71.

The invention is also characterized in that at least one of the rods includes reinforcements therein. As shown in Figures 63, 65, 66, 70, and 71.

The present invention is also characterized in that the cavity 4 is provided with a sound-insulating layer 50 or filled with lightweight material 51, and the lightweight material 51 is lightweight concrete or expanded perlite or expanded vermiculite or rock wool or foamed plastics. FIG. 62 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment 62 of the present invention, in which a sound-insulating layer 50 is provided in the mold shell cavity 4 . FIG. 63 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 63 of the present invention, in which the mold shell cavity 4 is filled with expanded perlite 51 .

The present invention is also characterized in that the rods 5 are reinforcing ribs 17 on the upper roof 1 , the surrounding side walls 2 or the lower bottom 3 . Fig. 25 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 25 of the present invention. There are ribs 17 on the side wall 2, which are also rods 5, and the two are combined into one.

The present invention is also characterized in that there is a hole 52 for threading ribs in the lower bottom 3 . FIG. 64 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 64 of the present invention, in which holes 52 for piercing ribs are provided in the lower bottom 3 .

The present invention is also characterized in that there are exposed anchor ribs 9 or exposed rod ends 8 or a combination of the two on the boss 15 . FIG. 65 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 65 of the present invention. There are exposed rod ends 8 and exposed anchor ribs 9 on the boss 15 .

When the present invention is implemented, the lower bottom 3 can be made with reinforced concrete or steel wire mesh concrete, and a layer of cement binder, a layer of fiber cloth, and a layer of cement binder are laminated to each other to form a layered structure of more than two layers. Shaped upper roof 1 and surrounding side walls 2 are made of reinforced cement mortar to make rods 5 and glued to form a truss 10 or to form a truss 10 as a whole. The components are glued to each other to form the required three-dimensional formwork. It is light in weight, saves materials, and also has the characteristics of high strength, simple structure, and convenient construction and transportation.

Claims (117)

1. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete, comprising an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and lower bottom (3), upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and lower bottom (3 ) are connected to each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity (4), and at least one rod (5) is arranged in the cavity (4), which is characterized in that at least one rod (5) is a curved rod, and the rod (5 ) form an integral body with the formwork. 2. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete, including an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3), an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3) ) are connected to each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity (4), and at least one rod (5) is arranged in the cavity (4), and at least one rod (5) is characterized in that at least one of the rods (5) is a broken line rod, and the rod (5) ) form an integral body with the formwork. 3. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete, including an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3), an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3) ) are connected to each other to form a polyhedron closed cavity (4), and at least one rod (5) is arranged in the cavity (4), and it is characterized in that at least one rod (5) is a cable, and the rod (5) Integrates with the formwork. 4. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete, including an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3), an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3) ) are connected to each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity (4), and there is at least one rod (5) in the cavity (4), which is characterized in that at least one rod (5) is a straight rod of equal section, and the rod (5) Form a whole with the formwork. 5. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete, including an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3), an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3 ) are connected to each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity (4), and there is at least one rod (5) in the cavity (4), which is characterized in that at least one rod (5) is a solid straight rod with variable cross-section, and the rod Part (5) is integral with the formwork. 6. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete, including an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3), an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3) ) are connected to each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity (4), and there is at least one rod (5) in the cavity (4), which is characterized in that the rod (5) is a hollow rod with an upper opening, a curved rod, a broken line rod , cables, equal-section straight rods or variable-section solid straight rods, and the rods (5) form an integral body with the formwork. 7. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 6, characterized in that the upper opening hollow rod (5) is filled with concrete or reinforced concrete. 8. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 6, characterized in that there are steel bars inside the hollow rod (5) with the upper opening. 9. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete, including an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3), an upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2) and a lower bottom (3 ) are connected to each other to form a polyhedral closed cavity (4), and there is at least one rod (5) in the cavity (4), which is characterized in that the rod (5) is a hollow straight rod with variable cross-section, a curved rod, a broken line At least one of a rod, a cable, a straight rod with equal cross-section, a solid straight rod with variable cross-section or a hollow rod with an upper opening, and the rod (5) is integrated with the formwork. 10. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one formwork composed of a plurality of rods (5) is arranged inside the formwork. Triangular member truss element (6). 11. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 10, characterized in that a plurality of truss units (6) in the formwork form a truss (10), and the truss units (6) are orthogonal to each other, At least one of oblique, parallel, curved joint, butt arrangement, three-dimensional space arrangement or height-staggered arrangement. 12. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 10, characterized in that the top bar (5) of the truss unit is the upper top plate (1). 13. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 10, characterized in that the top bar (5) of the truss unit is a reinforcing rib (17) on the upper roof (1). 14. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that more than two connecting rods (5) are arranged inside the formwork Rod (7). 15. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 14, characterized in that at least two or more transfer rods (7) are exposed. 16. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there is at least one rod (5) in the cavity (4) of the formwork A shaft protrudes from the outside of the body. 17. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there is at least one rod (5) in the cavity (4) of the formwork A rod end (8) protrudes from the body. 18. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there is at least one rod (5) in the cavity (4) of the formwork Exposed anchor tendons (9) or exposed nets or concave-convex mesh iron sheets protrude from the outside. 19. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there is at least one rod (5) in the cavity (4) of the formwork At least one of rod ends (8), exposed anchoring tendons (9), exposed nets or concave-convex mesh iron sheets protrudes from the body. 20. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the anchor bars of at least one truss (10) composed of rods (5) are exposed outside the formwork outside the shell. 21. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one truss (10) composed of rods (5) or two or more trusses The rods are exposed outside the formwork. 22. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one rod (5) is exposed from the side wall. 23. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a groove (41) is provided on the upper top plate (1), and the groove (41) There is at least one upright bar (5) below. 24. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 23, characterized in that there is at least one upright rod (5) and a horizontal rod under the groove (41) of the upper roof (1) intersect. 25. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 23, characterized in that the U-shaped bar under the groove (41) of the upper roof (1) intersects with the upright bar. 26. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lower surface of the upper roof (1) is provided with ribs, and there are vertical ribs under the ribs. rod (5). 27. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross section of the rod (5) is circular. 28. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross section of the rod (5) is circular. 29. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod (5) is square. 30. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod (5) is prolate. 31. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross section of the rod (5) is hollow. 32. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross section of the rod (5) is hollow at the bamboo joints. 33. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the section shape of the bar (5) is L-shaped. 34. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod (5) is groove-shaped. 35. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod (5) is I-shaped. 36. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod (5) is honeycomb hollow. 37. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod (5) is porous. 38. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross-section shape of the rod (5) is a variable cross-section shape. 39. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the rod (5) also changes in diameter along the axis of the rod (5) . 40. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rods (5) are composite rods. 41. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rod (5) is a composite rod. 42. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 41, characterized in that the rod (5) is a composite rod formed by the rod shell and the filler in the rod shell, and the filler is wrapped with steel bars or Rebar also protrudes from the upper roof. 43. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 42, characterized in that the steel bars wrapped in the filler are connected to the inner steel bars of the lower bottom. 44. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 43, characterized in that the steel bars wrapped in the filler are connected to the inner steel bars of the lower bottom, and the inner wrapped steel bars protrude from the upper roof. 45. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 41, characterized in that at least one rod (5) is a laminated composite rod. 46. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 41, characterized in that the composite rod (5) is a composite rod with a reinforcing surface layer (11) fixed on the surface of the rod. 47. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 46, characterized in that the composite rod (5) is a composite rod pasted with a reinforcing surface layer (11). 48. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 46, characterized in that the reinforcing surface layer (11) is a thin metal plate, carbon fiber plate, glass fiber reinforced plastic plate, fiber silk cloth, fiber mesh cloth, or steel fiber. 49. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 46, characterized in that there are anchor feet (12) or holes on the reinforcing surface layer (11). 50. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the truss unit (6) or truss (10) is a cable-strut truss, a plane truss, or a space truss , three-dimensional truss, and joint-consolidated quadrilateral, pentagonal, and hexagonal member trusses. 51. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the interconnection (13) between the rods (5) is glued. 52. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the interconnection (13) between the rods (5) themselves is welding, wire, buckle joint, snap-fit, riveted, hinged or perforated anchor connections. 53. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the interconnection (13) of the rods (5) themselves is integrally formed. 54. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the interconnection (13) of the rods (5) themselves is by glueing, welding, wire At least one of connection, buckle connection, clip connection, riveting, hinge connection, perforation anchor connection or integral molding. 55. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rod (5) is glued to the upper roof (1). 56. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rod (5) and the upper top plate (1) are welded, wire-bonded, buckled, Snap-fit, riveted, hinged or perforated anchor connections. 57. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rod (5) and the upper roof (1) are integrally formed. 58. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rod (5) and the upper roof (1) are glued, welded, wire-bonded, At least one of fastening, clamping, riveting, hinged, perforated anchor connection or integral molding. 59. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rod (5) is glued to the surrounding side walls (2). 60. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rod (5) and the surrounding side walls (2) are welded, wire-bonded, or buckled , clamping, riveting, hinged or perforated anchor connections. 61. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rods (5) and the surrounding side walls (2) are integrally formed. 62. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rod (5) and the surrounding side walls (2) are glued, welded, or wire-bonded , fastening, clamping, riveting, hinged, perforated anchor connection or integral molding. 63. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the connection (14) between the rod (5) and the lower bottom (3) is glue catch. 64. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the connection (14) between the rod (5) and the lower bottom (3) is welding , wire connection, buckle connection, clip connection, riveting, hinge or perforation anchor connection. 65. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the connection (14) between the rod (5) and the lower bottom (3) is integral forming. 66. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the connection (14) between the rod (5) and the lower bottom (3) is glue At least one of connection, welding, wire connection, buckle connection, clip connection, riveting, hinge connection, perforation anchor connection or integral molding. 67. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the bottom bar (5) is the lower bottom (3) or the reinforcing rib (17) on it . 68. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the top bar (5) and the bottom bar (5) are simultaneously the upper top plate (1), Bottom (3) or the reinforcing rib (17) on it. 69. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one side wall (2) around the formwork has at least one boss (15 ), the boss (15) is at least one of a solid boss, a hollow boss or a hollow boss (15) filled with lightweight materials. 70. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 69, characterized in that there is at least one rod (16) inside at least one boss (15). 71. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 70, characterized in that at least one rod (16) or exposed rib rod (16) is exposed in at least one boss (15) . 72. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 70, characterized in that at least one boss (15) has exposed reinforcement transfer rods (16) exposed. 73. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the outer surface of at least one of the upper roof (1) or the surrounding side walls (2) is At least one of a wavy, zigzag, indentation or napped rough surface. 74. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the formwork formed by the upper roof (1) and the surrounding side walls (2) is a layer of cement Material (18), a layer of fiber or fiber cloth (19) and a layer of binder (18) are laminated with more than two layers of layered structure. 75. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the formwork formed by the upper roof (1) or the surrounding side walls (2) is a truss (20 ) a composite structure of a single-sided or double-sided outer coating layer (21), or a composite structure of a single-sided or double-sided outer coating layer (21) of a honeycomb skeleton (22). 76. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the upper top plate (1) of the formwork and the surrounding side walls (2) are integrated into a single basin shape. 77. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the upper roof (1) and surrounding side walls (2) of the formwork are more than two members Combination of pots. 78. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lower bottom (3), upper roof (1), surrounding side walls (2), rods There is a reinforcement (23) inside the piece (5), and the reinforcement (23) is at least one of fiber, fiber mesh cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabric, steel bar, steel mesh, steel wire mesh or prestressed steel bar. 79. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 78, characterized in that the surrounding side walls (2) or upper roof (1) or lower bottom (3) or both or three of them, At least one inner or outer surface has reinforcing ribs (17), the reinforcing ribs (17) are hollow or solid, and have the same or different heights and thicknesses, or the reinforcing ribs (17) contain reinforcements (23). 80. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 79, characterized in that the inner steel bars of the rods are connected with the inner steel bars of the upper reinforcing bars of the lower bottom. 81. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 79, characterized in that at least one rod joins with the intersection of the intersecting ribs of the lower bottom or upper roof. 82. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 79, characterized in that at least two intersecting rods intersect at the intersection of intersecting ribs on the lower bottom or upper roof. 83. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 79, characterized in that at least one rod is connected to the lower bottom or top plate reinforcement. 84. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 78, characterized in that at least one stiffening rib (31) is arranged inside the formwork, and the stiffening rib (31) is solid, hollow or stiffening rib (31 ) contains at least one of the reinforcements (23). 85. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 84, characterized in that there are reinforcing ribs (32) on the sides of the stiffening ribs (31). 86. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 84, characterized in that the stiffeners (31) in the formwork protrude from the surrounding side walls (2) or the upper roof (1) and are anchored Rib (33) or exposed net (34) or exposed rib (35) or their combination. 87. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 84, characterized in that the steel bars in the lower bottom (3) are connected with the steel bars in the stiffeners (31). 88. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 78, characterized in that the steel bars in the lower bottom (3) are connected with the steel bars in the rods (5). 89. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 78, characterized in that the inner steel bar of the rod (5) is connected with the lower bottom (3) steel bar and extends out of the upper roof. 90. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 78, characterized in that the steel bars in the connected rods are connected to each other. 91. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there are exposed anchors protruding from the lower bottom (3) or the upper roof (1) or both Muscle (24) or exposed net (25) or both stretch out simultaneously. 92. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that from the lower bottom (3) or the upper roof (1) or both simultaneously from the surrounding side walls (2) pick out bottom edge (26) outwards. 93. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there are exposed anchors protruding from the lower bottom (3) or the upper roof (1) or both Rib (24) or exposed net (25) or both stretch out simultaneously, lower bottom (3) or upper top board (1) or both pick out from surrounding side wall (2) simultaneously and have base (26) ). 94. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 92 or 93, characterized in that the lower bottom (3) or the bottom edge (26) picked out from the lower bottom (3) and the upper top plate (1) The surroundings are at least one of zigzag, wavy, hypotenuse or step shape, or the bottom edge (26) also protrudes with exposed anchor ribs (24), exposed nets (25), exposed fiber filaments (27) ), anti-crack grid cloth (28), at least one of anti-crack iron sheet with ratchet head (29), dovetail-shaped iron sheet or pressed mesh iron sheet. 95. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there is a gap between the surrounding side walls (2) and the upper roof (1) and lower bottom (3) The connection (30) is at least one of gluing, welding, wire connection, buckle connection, clamping connection, riveting, hinge connection, perforation anchor connection or integral molding. 96. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the appearance shape of the three-dimensional formwork is a cuboid, a cube, a pentagon, a hexagon, or a cylinder body or isoform. 97. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to claim 96, characterized in that one end of the three-dimensional formwork is thinner and the other end is thicker, or one end of the lower bottom (3) or stiffener (31) is thicker thin and thicker at the other end. 98. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the upper top plate (1) and the surrounding side walls (2) are made of plastic film, plastic plate, composite Membrane, GRC board, metal profiled board, cement fiber board, honeycomb board, plexiglass steel, waterproof cardboard, sawdust board, concrete board, reinforced or steel wire concrete board or mortar board. 99. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rods (5) are reinforced mortar rods, reinforced concrete rods, steel pipes, and steel-skinned concrete rods , prestressed rods, bamboo rods, glass steel rods, GRC rods, carbon fiber rods, steel bars, plastic rods, straight seam metal pipes, spiral seam metal pipes, steel mesh pipes, glass fiber cloth pipes, glass steel pipes, pipe walls with holes, Metal-plastic composite pipe, hollow concrete mortar pipe, reinforced lightweight concrete reinforced pipe or concrete filled steel pipe. 100. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a handle (36) is provided on the three-dimensional formwork. 101. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a drag hook (37) is arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. 102. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that drawing wires (38) are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. 103. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a hanging piece (39) is arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. 104. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that embedded iron parts (40) and sinkers (41) are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork . 105. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that reserved holes (42) and pre-embedded conduits (43) are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork . 106. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a junction box (44) is arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. 107. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that water pipes (45) are arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. 108. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a ventilation pipe (46) is arranged on the three-dimensional formwork. 109. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the three-dimensional formwork is provided with hooks, wires, hanging parts, sinkers, reserved At least one of holes, embedded conduits, junction boxes, water pipes or ventilation pipes. 110. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the upper top plate (1), surrounding side walls (2), lower bottom plate (3), stiffening The surface of the rib (31), the reinforcement is fixed or pasted with at least one of the reinforcement tape (47) or the reinforcement surface layer (48), and the reinforcement tape (47) or the reinforcement surface layer (48) is a metal plate, a carbon fiber plate, At least one of the glass steel plate, fiber cloth, fiber grid cloth or steel wire, or the reinforcing strip (47) or the reinforcing surface layer (48) is also provided with an anchoring foot (49). 111. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one rod is glued together with the upper plate or the lower bottom. 112. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one rod end protrudes from the steel bar and the rod end and the protruding steel bar are anchored to the upper roof of the reinforced concrete middle. 113. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one rod has reinforcements inside it. 114. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cavity (4) is provided with a sound insulation layer (50) or filled with lightweight materials (51), the lightweight material (51) is lightweight concrete or expanded perlite or expanded vermiculite or rock wool or foamed plastics. 115. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rods (5) are the upper roof (1), the surrounding side walls (2) or the lower Reinforcing rib (17) on the bottom (3). 116. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there are holes (52) for threading reinforcement in the lower bottom (3). 117. A three-dimensional load-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there are exposed anchor bars (9) or exposed rod ends (8) on the boss (15) or a combination of both.

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