CN1225260C - 玫瑰花提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及天然植物的提取,特别是玫瑰花提取物。天然植物玫瑰花(Rosa rugosaThunb)提取物总有效成分占提取物总量的30%,其中主要包括含多糖84.74%,蛋白8.57%,没食子酸衍生物6.69%。该提取物可以抑制红细胞溶血100%,20μg/ml抑制组织脂质过氧化90%以上,而且还具有提高各种抗氧化酶活性作用。本发明的植物资源丰富,提取容易,安全无毒,可制成抗氧化剂,用于防治疾病,提高机体免疫力,以及作为延年益寿的保健品。
Description
所属技术领域
本发明涉及天然植物的提取,特别是玫瑰花提取物,该提取物具有天然抗氧化活性,可以制成抗氧化剂,用于防治疾病,提高机体免疫力,以及作为延年益寿的保健品。
背景技术
从目前研究结果来看,氧自由基不仅与衰老有关,而且与人类大部分常见的主要疾病均有关,从人类死亡率最高的心脑血管疾病到人类最可怕的癌症以及艾滋病,无一不和自由基有着密切的关系。通过防止自由基产生及清除已有自由基而达到防病治病的目的。目前人工合成的抗氧化剂,具有一定的毒性和诱变性,再使用上受到很大程度的限制,所以国内外研究人员正在从植物中寻找安全,有效的天然抗氧化剂。如茶叶中茶多酚,甘草中三萜类,黄酮类;银杏叶提取物主要为黄酮类,萜类等。但从玫瑰花中提取抗氧化活性物质至今未见报导。
玫瑰花(Rosa rugosa Thunb),又名徘徊花、笔头花、湖花、刺玫花等,主要产于江苏、浙江、福建、山东、四川和河北。玫瑰花目前应用较多的方面只是用玫瑰花原料本身,常作为一种组合物的成分,用于美容护发等,如玫瑰花超级洗发宝,天然色素口红及一种治疗痤疮和毛囊炎的药物组合物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种玫瑰花提取物及其应用,该提取物包括多糖类,蛋白类和有机酸类,该提取物具有天然抗氧化活性,可以制成抗氧化剂,用于防治疾病,提高机体免疫力,以及作为延年益寿的保健品。并且可以用于天然保健品开发,该植物资源丰富,提取容易,安全无毒。
本发明总有效成分占提取物总量的30%,其中主要包括含多糖84.74%,蛋白8.57%,没食子酸衍生物6.69%。
本发明具体提取方法包括如下步骤:
1)干燥的玫瑰花切碎,水浸泡,回流煮沸2~4小时,提取物倾出,冷却后离心,上清冷冻干燥,即得干粉。
2)取50mg干粉溶于适量醋酸铵缓冲液中(10mM,pH4.5),上样于阳离子交换纤维素层析柱(CM-32),然后用分别为10mM pH4.5,200mM pH4.5,400mM pH8.0的醋酸铵缓冲液依次洗脱。
3)经分离得到的活性物质上样于层析柱(Sephadex G-75),用磷酸盐缓冲液(50mM,pH7.0)洗脱收集,冷冻干燥。
本发明提取物(F21)包括多糖类,蛋白类,以及有机酸类,总有效成分占提取物总量的30%。其中小分子有机酸类抗氧化作用活性最强。
本发明玫瑰花提取物不仅对机体红细胞溶血有显著抑制作用和对组织脂质过氧化有很强的抑制作用外,而且具有高效清除超氧阴离子的活性,是一种高效抗氧化剂。通过防止机体的自由基产生和净化产生的自由基,提高机体抗病能力,预防与自由基有关的各种疾病的发生达到延缓衰老的作用。
本发明具有抗氧化活性的特点,可以制成抗氧化剂,用于防治疾病,提高机体免疫力,以及作为延年益寿的保健品。并且可以用于天然保健品开发,该植物资源丰富,提取容易,安全无毒。
附图说明
图1是F21经CM-32阳离子交换纤维素柱层析的洗脱曲线。
图2是F3纯化产物经HPLC纯度鉴定。
图3是F21及Vc抑制SAM鼠体外红细胞溶血曲线。
图4是F21及BHA体外抑制SAM鼠脑匀浆脂质过氧化作用曲线。
图5是F21及BHA体外抑制SAM鼠肾匀浆脂质过氧化作用曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
玫瑰花提取物(F21)制备与纯化
采集于福建产的植物玫瑰花,将干燥的植物花切碎,水浸泡,回流煮沸2小时,提取物倾出,冷却后离心,上清冷冻干燥,即得干粉(使用LGJ0.5冷冻干燥机,北京四环科学仪器厂制造)。
取50mg干粉溶于适量醋酸铵缓冲液中(10mM,pH4.5),上样于CM-32阳离子交换纤维素层析柱,然后用分别为10mM pH4.5,200mM pH4.5,400mM pH8.0的醋酸铵缓冲液依次洗脱,自动分步收集,测定各管抗氧化活性。
经分离得到的活性物质上样于Sephadex G-75层析柱,用磷酸盐缓冲液(50mM,pH7.0)洗脱收集,冷冻干燥。
提取物成分确定
F21经过上述CM-32阳离子交换纤维素柱分离出3种活性成份F1、F2、F3,经Sephdex G-75层析柱将F1纯化出F1-a和F1-b两种成份,其中F1-a为活性成份。F21中活性成份F1-a,F2和F3洗脱曲线见附图1,三种活性成份的得率见表1。
表1 F21活性成份纯化结果
| 组分 | 性状 | 得率(%) |
| F1-aF2F3 | 乳白色,粉状黄色,粘状乳白色,粉状 | 5.020.04.0 |
经多糖含量测定(蒽酮比色法)发现,F2主要成分为多糖,糖含量高达84.74%,F1-a含有少量多糖。对活性成份进行蛋白质含量测定(改良Lowry法),使用上海分析仪器总厂生产的752紫外光栅分光光度计。测定结果表明F1-a含有少量蛋白,占8.57%,F2及F3中皆不含蛋白。结果见表2。
表2 F21,F1-a,F2,F3中多糖及蛋白含量测定
| 组分 | 蛋白含量(干重)(%) | 糖含量(干重)(%) |
| F21F1-aF2F3 | 12.518.5700 | 32.7923.1284.740 |
经高效液相色谱法(HPLC)鉴定纯度。使用岛津LC-A4 HPLC仪,采用C18反相液-液相色谱法,测得结果F1-a为糖蛋白复合物,不是单一成份,F2以多糖为主,也含有少量其他成份。F3为单一峰,是单一成份,见附图2,而且在三种抗氧化活性成分中,活性最高。对F3进一步用核磁共振技术(UNITY plus-400型超导NMR谱仪,美国Varian公司),付里叶变换红外光谱测定技术(FTIR)进行分析(Magna-560型付里叶变换红外光谱仪,美国),而且结合紫外吸收光谱法(仪器DU-7紫外分光光度计,美国Beckman)和元素分析技术(元素分析仪,美国)进行综合解析,确定F3抗氧化活性成份为没食子酸衍生物。
3.玫瑰花提取物抗氧化活性测定结果见附图3,4,5。
4.为了更好的理解本发明,下面用动物实验来说明玫瑰花提取物活性成份在小鼠体内的抗氧化效果及对小鼠延缓衰老的作用,来说明本发明的特点。
机体在正常的生理条件下,自由基的产生与消除处于动态平衡,这是因为存在着清除自由基的酶促反应和非酶促反应的防御系统。如果防御系统功能下降,体内产生自由基的水平会随之增高,很容易与其他物质生成新的自由基,而且往往以连锁方式进行下去,对组织造成严重损伤,破坏细胞内各种生物大分子,导致细胞死亡。本发明将F21提取物作用于小鼠体内:第一,通过提高内源性抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-Px等)的活性,消除并防止自由基的产生;第二,该提取物本身所含有的抗氧化成份直接清除体内已有自由基代谢产物(过氧化脂质LPO或丙二醛MDA),减少自由基对各种抗氧化酶的灭活作用,维持机体生理平衡,使机体免受损害,起到防病和延缓衰老的效果。
本发明玫瑰花提取物抗氧化活性的测定方法如下:
1.细胞水平测定 采用红细胞溶血测定法。
给药小鼠摘眼球取血,制备10%红细胞悬液,加入等体积自由基引发剂2,2-偶氮-双-(2-脒基丙烷)氯化二氢(AAPH),引起红细胞膜磷脂发生过氧化反应,导致细胞膜破裂,释放出血红蛋白,于540nm测定上清液的吸光值,按下式计算抑制率抑制率(%)=(1-A/B)×100%
A:PBS(磷酸盐缓冲液)反应管吸光值 B:完全溶血吸光值
2.组织水平测定 采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法。
将小鼠的肝组织匀浆后加入TBA,100℃加热15分钟,不饱和脂肪酸过氧化产物之一丙二醛产生,丙二醛与TBA反应产生红色物质,在535nm处测定光吸收,抗氧化活性按下式计算:
抑制率(%)=(A-A1)/A×100%
A:对照吸光值,A1:试样体系吸光值
3.组织中SOD酶(超氧化物岐化酶)活性测定 采用亚硝酸盐法
黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)与其底物次黄嘌呤或黄嘌呤反应产生O2 -·,与羟胺反应生成NO2 -·,在酸性条件下继而与对氧基苯磺酸和N-萘二氨基乙烯发生显色反应生成红色产物,SOD酶抑制该反应。由抑制的程度确定SOD酶活力。通过波长550nm处比色,计算酶活力。
4.全血CAT酶(过氧化氢酶)活性测定 采用紫外速率直接法
CAT酶可分解H2O2生成H2O和O2,H2O2在240nm处有吸收峰,测定反应中H2O2在一定时间内吸光度降低来表示CAT活性。取小鼠新鲜血20μl与5ml蒸馏水中,制成1∶250溶血液,即为待测样品。将溶血液与H2O2混合后在240nm处测定吸光值的变化。
计算公式
a:250×15 b:全血Hb浓度(g/L)
5.谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性测定 采用DTNB直接法
GSH-Px可特异性地催化GSH与过氧化物的氧化还原反应,以单位时间内GSH减少的量来表示GSH-Px的活力。在一定条件下GSH与DTNB(5,5’-二硫代对硝基苯甲酸)反应生成浅黄色5’-硫代-2-硝基苯甲酸阴离子,在423nm处有最大吸收。
取小鼠全血10μl加入1ml双蒸水中,制成1∶100溶血液,即为待测样品,将样品与GSH混合后加入H2O2,反应3分钟,然后加入NaOH调pH6.5,再加入DTNB显色剂,通过测定各管吸光度来测定酶活性。
计算公式:全血=[GSH]非酶管-[GSH]样品管+[GSH]试剂空白管/3×4μl
通过以上方法对三批给药和对照组小鼠进行抗氧化活性测定。测定结果见表3:
表3 8月龄小鼠给药后抗氧化活性测定结果
| 批次 | 组别 | 动物数(只) | 红细胞溶血抑制率(%) | MDA含量(nmol/g) | SOD活性(Nu/mgprot) | CAT(K/gHb) | GSH-Px(U) |
| 一 | 给药组 | 5 | 76.20 | 77.28 | 609.30 | - | - |
| 对照组 | 5 | 60.29 | 135.40 | 526.25 | - | - | |
| 二 | 给药组 | 6 | 19.10 | 28.85 | 372.42 | 79.10(血) | 2.10(血) |
| 对照组 | 6 | 10.33 | 40.22 | 317.80 | 59.51 | 1.79 | |
| 三 | 给药组 | 6 | 49.15 | 55.77 | 739.69 | 491.01(肝) | 4.57(肝) |
| 对照组 | 6 | 35.35 | 65.13 | 624.89 | 361.20 | 3.33 |
通过以上结果表明,玫瑰花提取物对机体具有提高各种抗氧化酶的活性,是一种有效的抗氧化剂。
实施例2.
选择SAM鼠(天津防病中心提供)雄性、8月龄为实验动物进行分组,给药组6只,对照组6只,玫瑰花提取物(F21)加水配成适当水溶液,通过灌胃的方式给药30天,给药剂量80mg/kg·bw,对照组给以相等剂量的生理盐水,每日一次,第31天各组小鼠同时取肝组织制备10%肝组织匀浆液(w/v),冷冻离心后取上层清液待用。将此上清液进行100倍体积稀释,获得0.1%的组织液。总SOD活力测定的方法如下:
| 试剂 | 测定管(ml) | 对照管(ml) |
| PBS组织匀浆上清液蒸馏水次黄嘌呤(HX)羟胺(HA)黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO) | 1.00.030.50.10.10.1 | 1.00.5+0.030.10.10.1 |
| 用漩涡混匀器充分混匀,置37℃恒温水浴40分钟 | ||
| 显色剂 | 2 | 2 |
混匀,10分钟后倒入1cm光径比色杯中,蒸馏水调零,波长550nm处比色。
定义:每毫克组织蛋白在1ml反应液中SOD抑制率达50%时所对应的SOD量为一个亚硝酸盐单位(NU/mg.prot)。经计算,给药组6只鼠的SOD酶活力平均值为739.69NU/mg.prot。对照组6只鼠的SOD酶活力平均值为624.89NU/mg.prot,给药后平均提高114.80NU/mg.prot。
实施例3:
小鼠的选择、分组、给药及给药时间与实施例2中相同。给药30天之后的实验小鼠,断颈处死,取肝组织,制成10%肝匀浆液,离心后取上清液1ml,加入无水乙醇10μl,冰浴30分钟,加入10%TritonX-100 110μl,冰浴5分钟。将样品稀释200倍加入反应体系,测定管加入酶液2ml,10mM的PBS 1ml混匀,在240nm处测定30秒吸光值的变化,计算CAT酶活力。
给药组6只鼠的CAT酶活力平均为491.01K/g.Hb,对照组6只鼠的CAT酶活力平均为361.20K/g.Hb,给药组比对照组CAT平均酶活力高129.81K/g.Hb。
实施例4:
小鼠寿命实验
选择SAM鼠10只,均为雄性,有关资料记载SAM鼠平均寿命为333天,将试验鼠分为两组,为给药组5只,对照组5只,给药浓度80mg/kg·bw,每日一次以口服形式。给药时间从小鼠10月龄开始(270天之后)一直到小鼠自然死亡为止。见表4。
表4:小鼠寿命时间(天)
| 组别 | 1号 | 2号 | 3号 | 4号 | 5号 | 平均 |
| 对照组 | 324 | 326 | 334 | 382 | 340 | 341 |
| 给药组 | 352 | 406 | 405 | 397 | 410 | 394 |
以上结果表明,选用SAM鼠作动物实验,在小鼠9个月之后通过口服玫瑰花提取物,可使小鼠寿命由对照组平均341天延长到平均寿命为394天,给药组比对照组平均寿命增加53天。
Claims (2)
1、一种玫瑰花提取物,其特征在于该提取物总有效成分占提取物总量的30%,其中主要包括含多糖84.74%,蛋白8.57%,没食子酸衍生物6.69%,它是用如下方法制备的:
1)干燥的玫瑰花切碎,水浸泡,回流煮沸,提取物倾出,冷却后离心,上清冷冻干燥,即得干粉;
2)取干粉溶于10mM,pH4.5醋酸铵缓冲液中,上样于阳离子交换纤维素层析柱,然后用分别为10mM pH4.5,200mM pH4.5,400mM pH8.0的醋酸铵缓冲液依次洗脱;
3)经分离得到的活性物质上样于葡聚糖凝胶层析柱,用50mM,pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱收集,冷冻干燥。
2、制备权利要求1所述的玫瑰花提取物的提取方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
1)干燥的玫瑰花切碎,水浸泡,回流煮沸2~4小时,提取物倾出,冷却后离心,上清冷冻干燥,即得干粉;
2)取干粉溶于10mM,pH4.5醋酸铵缓冲液中,上样于阳离子交换纤维素层析柱,然后用分别为10mM pH4.5,200mM pH4.5,400mM pH8.0的醋酸铵缓冲液依次洗脱;
3)经分离得到的活性物质上样于葡聚糖凝胶层析柱,用50mM,pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱收集,冷冻干燥。
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