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CN1222768C - Calibrating NOx-sensor - Google Patents

Calibrating NOx-sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1222768C
CN1222768C CN 00805013 CN00805013A CN1222768C CN 1222768 C CN1222768 C CN 1222768C CN 00805013 CN00805013 CN 00805013 CN 00805013 A CN00805013 A CN 00805013A CN 1222768 C CN1222768 C CN 1222768C
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nox
sensor
catalytic converter
internal combustion
combustion engine
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN 00805013
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CN1343309A (en
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M·戴茨
H·哈恩
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Volkswagen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
    • F02D41/2474—Characteristics of sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2441—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by the learning conditions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/417—Systems using cells, i.e. more than one cell and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/4175—Calibrating or checking the analyser

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining the concentration of NOx in the flow of exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine using a NOx sensor, whereby the sensor is calibrated using selected operating points. Preferably, exactly one selected motor operating point is used.

Description

测定内燃机废气流的NOx浓度的方法及一种内燃机 Method for measuring the NOx concentration of the exhaust flow of an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine

本方法涉及藉助于一个NOx传感器测定废气的NOx含量，尤其涉及这样一种NOx传感器的校准和操作方法。The method relates to the determination of the NOx content of exhaust gases by means of a NOx sensor, in particular to methods for calibrating and operating such a NOx sensor.

众所周知，测定内燃机废气中的NOx含量的NOx传感器有各种形式，对此不需要作进一步说明。为了使稀薄燃烧的内燃机遵守NOx的排放极限值，必需知道NOx存储催化转化器后的废气流中的NOx含量，以便能够例如确定不再可能在NOx存储器中淀积NOx的时刻，也就是说，此时NOx存储器已被填满，以致于必需有一个再生阶段。Various forms of NOx sensors for determining the NOx content in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines are known, and no further explanation is required. In order for a lean-burn internal combustion engine to comply with the NOx emission limit values, it is necessary to know the NOx content in the exhaust gas flow after the NOx storage catalytic converter, in order to be able to determine, for example, the point at which NOx deposits in the NOx accumulator are no longer possible, that is to say, The NOx accumulator is now so full that a regeneration phase is necessary.

为此，通常在至少部分时间稀薄燃烧的内燃机的废气流中设有一个催化转化器，在这个催化转化器之后还有一个能测量废气中NOx浓度的测量装置，例如一个NOx传感器。此外，这个系统还拥有能处理测得的NOx信号的内燃机控制单元。For this purpose, a catalytic converter is usually located in the exhaust gas flow of the lean-burn internal combustion engine at least part of the time, followed by a measuring device capable of measuring the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, for example a NOx sensor. In addition, the system has an internal combustion engine control unit that processes the measured NOx signal.

目前可买到的NOx传感器的指示精度，对不同的制造商其NOx浓度的实际值的指示误差不尽相同。所用传感器的特性曲线的这些独特的不精确性会导致内燃机控制单元控制性能的误差，例如，从而导致不能精确地得知NOx存储器的填充度，进而会使再生接通太迟，这会导致环境污染增加。The indication accuracy of the currently available NOx sensors varies from manufacturer to manufacturer with different indication errors of the actual value of the NOx concentration. These unique inaccuracies in the characteristic curves of the sensors used can lead to errors in the control performance of the internal combustion engine control unit, for example, resulting in an inaccurate knowledge of the filling level of the NOx store, which in turn can cause regeneration to be switched on too late, which can lead to environmental Pollution increased.

由EP-A-0 878 709已知一种用于测定废气流中NOx浓度的传感器，其中该传感器具有两个测量室，NOx浓度通过分解废气流中的NOx来确定，其中必须对传感器的偏移进行校准，以便获得对NOx浓度的可靠说明。在一个设有一个NOx存储催化转化器的内燃机废气流中使用这种传感器时，传感器的校准是采用已知NOx浓度的工作点。这种工作点由熄火阶段产生。由于传感器对NH3的横向灵敏度，这种校准不能在汽车运行的NOx存储催化转化器再生阶段进行，因为在NOx存储催化转化器的再生阶段产生NH3。Known from EP-A-0 878 709 is a sensor for determining the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas flow, wherein the sensor has two measuring chambers, the NOx concentration is determined by decomposing the NOx in the exhaust gas flow, wherein the bias of the sensor must be Calibration of the shift in order to obtain a reliable statement of the NOx concentration. When using such a sensor in an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine provided with a NOx storage catalytic converter, the sensor is calibrated using operating points with known NOx concentrations. This operating point is produced by the flameout phase. Due to the transversal sensitivity of the sensor to NH 3 , this calibration cannot be performed during the regeneration phase of the NOx storage catalytic converter in vehicle operation, where NH 3 is produced.

本发明的任务是提供一种测定NOx浓度的方法，其中NOx传感器偏移的校准即使在NOx存储催化转化器发生故障或中毒时也能进行。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the NOx concentration in which a calibration of the NOx sensor offset can be carried out even in the event of a malfunction or poisoning of the NOx storage catalytic converter.

这项任务由独立权利要求1的特征予以解决。本发明的优选实施方案是从属权利要求的主题。This task is solved by the features of independent claim 1 . Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

以下根据附图说明本发明的优选实施方案。Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings.

图1所示为稀薄燃烧的燃油系统的原理示意图。Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the principle of a lean-burn fuel system.

图2所示为传感器特性曲线的示意图。Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the sensor characteristic curve.

图1以示意图方式示出稀薄燃烧的燃油系统。由内燃机管理系统2控制的稀薄燃烧的内燃机1在其废气流3中设有一个可选择的预催化转化器4和一个具有NOx存储器功能的催化转化器5。在催化转化器5之后的废气流动方向设有一个NOx传感器或兰姆达传感器(Lambda-Sensor)6，该传感器测量废气的NOx浓度并将其测量信号通过导线7传输给内燃机管理系统2。FIG. 1 schematically shows a lean-burn fuel system. A lean-burn internal combustion engine 1 , which is controlled by an engine management system 2 , is provided in its exhaust gas flow 3 with an optional precatalytic converter 4 and a catalytic converter 5 with NOx storage function. Arranged downstream of the catalytic converter 5 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas is a NOx sensor or lambda sensor 6 , which measures the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas and transmits its measurement signal via a line 7 to the internal combustion engine management system 2 .

如上所述，目前可以买到的NOx传感器6具有不同的特性曲线，根据不同的制造商，与NOx的实际值有不同的误差值。传感器6的特性曲线的这些误差至少在线性范围内有较多的原因，它们在偏移8的精度和精度9的斜度(灵敏性)方面可以加以区别。As mentioned above, currently available NOx sensors 6 have different characteristic curves and, depending on the manufacturer, different error values from the actual value of NOx. These errors of the characteristic curve of the sensor 6 have multiple causes, at least in the linear range, which can be distinguished with respect to the accuracy of the offset 8 and the slope (sensitivity) of the accuracy 9 .

图2所示为一只NOx传感器的特性曲线。任何单位的传感器输出信号OUT都是以ppm量化的NOx浓度的函数表示的。在重要范围内线性的特性曲线具有偏移8(坐标截距)和斜度9。Figure 2 shows the characteristic curve of a NOx sensor. The sensor output signal OUT in any unit is expressed as a function of the NOx concentration quantified in ppm. A characteristic curve that is linear in the relevant range has an offset 8 (coordinate intercept) and a slope 9 .

为了至少部分补偿偏移误差，可考虑发动机1的一个工作点(至少一个工作点)，在这个工作点上，可以假设具有足够精度的催化转化器5之后的NOx浓度。由传感器6测得的NOx信号通过已知的NOx浓度进行修正。In order to at least partly compensate for offset errors, an operating point (at least one operating point) of the engine 1 can be considered at which the NOx concentration after the catalytic converter 5 can be assumed with sufficient accuracy. The NOx signal measured by the sensor 6 is corrected by the known NOx concentration.

在催化转化器5涉及一种NOx存储催化转化器时，最好采用下列工作点进行校准：在催化转化器5的某一温度范围内，例如约350℃，即使对于一只严重损坏或中毒的催化转化器5来说，至少在某一时间内，例如在发动机1空转时预先进行一次NOx再生之后5～10秒钟，由于NOx的质量流低，所以几乎100％的NOx浓度沉积到催化转化器5中。因此在催化转化器5之后的NOx浓度的实际值在百万分之0～5之间。这样，这一时刻就可有利地用来校准NOx传感器6的特性曲线的偏移。When the catalytic converter 5 relates to a NOx storage catalytic converter, the following operating point is preferably used for calibration: within a certain temperature range of the catalytic converter 5, for example about 350°C, even for a severely damaged or poisoned As far as the catalytic converter 5 is concerned, at least for a certain period of time, such as 5-10 seconds after a previous NOx regeneration when the engine 1 is idling, almost 100% of the NOx concentration is deposited in the catalytic converter due to the low mass flow of NOx. device 5. The actual value of the NOx concentration after the catalytic converter 5 is therefore between 0 and 5 parts per million. This instant can then advantageously be used to correct for shifts in the characteristic curve of the NOx sensor 6 .

Claims (6)

1. measure the method for the NOx concentration of internal combustion engine (1) waste gas stream by means of a NOx sensor (6), wherein sensor (6) is arranged on a NOx storage catalytic converter (5) afterwards and by the calibration of selected working point, it is characterized in that, the calibration of sensor (6) is that certain hour carries out at interval after the once pre-regeneration of NOx storage catalytic converter and then, this moment NOx concentration actual value between 0 to 5ppm.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that calibration is to carry out in the idling of IC engine process.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that the described time interval is 5 to 10 seconds kinds.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the temperature of NOx storage catalytic converter is in predetermined scope.
5. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that the temperature of NOx storage catalytic converter is 350 ℃.
6. have the internal combustion engine (1) of the lean burn of a catalytic converter (5) that is arranged in waste gas stream (3) and a NOx sensor (6) and a control unit of engine (2), employing is corrected the skew of sensor (6) according to the method for one of aforementioned claim.
CN 00805013 1999-03-16 2000-02-28 Calibrating NOx-sensor Expired - Fee Related CN1222768C (en)

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DE1999111664 DE19911664A1 (en) 1999-03-16 1999-03-16 Calibration of a NOx sensor
DE19911664.4 1999-03-16

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CN1222768C true CN1222768C (en) 2005-10-12

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WO2000055614A1 (en) 2000-09-21
JP4535357B2 (en) 2010-09-01
CN1343309A (en) 2002-04-03
EP1163510A1 (en) 2001-12-19
JP2002539448A (en) 2002-11-19
DE19911664A1 (en) 2000-09-21

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