CN1220713A - Asphalt roofing products with surface decoration of natural colored gravel - Google Patents
Asphalt roofing products with surface decoration of natural colored gravel Download PDFInfo
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- CN1220713A CN1220713A CN97195148A CN97195148A CN1220713A CN 1220713 A CN1220713 A CN 1220713A CN 97195148 A CN97195148 A CN 97195148A CN 97195148 A CN97195148 A CN 97195148A CN 1220713 A CN1220713 A CN 1220713A
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- chad
- roofing product
- gravel
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- natural colored
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
- E04D5/12—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form specially modified, e.g. perforated, with granulated surface, with attached pads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/12—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D2001/005—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements the roofing elements having a granulated surface
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Abstract
A roofing product includes a base sheet (10), a coating of an adhesive composition (52) on the base sheet, and a surface layer (44) of granules adhered to the coating (52), the roofing product including a tab portion (38) which is normally exposed on a roof, where the surface layer of the tab portion (38) includes naturally colored rock granules alone or in combinaison with artificially colored rock granules. In another embodiment, the surface layer of the tab portion (68) includes a blend of at least there different kinds of granules selected, at least one of which is naturally colored rock granules. Preferably the granules have a particle size from about 2.0 mm to about 0.3 mm.
Description
The present invention is to be the part continuation application of the 08/656th, No. 645 U.S. Patent application on May 31st, 1996 applying date.
Generally speaking, the present invention relates to a kind of roofing product such as roof panel, lamination roof panel and rolled roofing material.Exactly, the present invention relates to a kind ofly have the protection that contains natural colored chad and roofing product and the present invention of decorative surface layer can be used for producing house roof or used asphalt shingle, lamination roof panel or the rolled roofing material of commercial roofing.
A kind of manufacture method of common roofing product relates to produces a continuous roofing materials band and subsequently this material band is cut into the monolithic roof panel or cuts into the bar section that is suitable for forming rolled roofing material.In the process of producing roofing materials, make substrate such as fiberglass packing usually through the coater of molten asphalt is housed.Pitch has soaked into substrate and formed the stickiness coating on substrate.Subsequently, make coated substrate through one or more belows that surperficial chad spread to the chad dispenser on the substrate part.Usually, cloth bucket is scattering chad by the speed that the mode of manual adjustments cloth bucket is controlled.
When making coloured roof panel, often use two kinds of chads.More cheap chad is routed on the overlap of roof panel usually, wherein said overlap is covered by the lapping of adjacent roof panel part on roofing usually, and more expensive coloured chad is routed on the blank area that often exposes to the roof panel on the roofing usually.In order to form specious multicolour pattern, use coloured chad usually with different colours at blank area or exposed parts place.Background color is normally formed by the coloured chad with first kind of color, and the ledge that is called as " mixing gob " is to be formed by the coloured chad with the second kind of color that is different from first kind of color.
Be control and guarantee the uniformity of chad color and performance, produce coloured chad by the mode that ceramic coating or pigment are coated on the mineral aggregate gravel usually.This method allows to make monochromatic chad uniformly by different types of mineral of separate sources.Unfortunately, compare with the cost of natural colored chad, coloring process has obviously improved the cost of artificially coloring chad.This has increased the direct manufacturing cost of the roofing product made from chad.The chad of artificially coloring also may run into to resemble and fade, color shift, peels off the problem such with coating damage.Thereby people wish can be on the exposed parts of roofing product to use natural colored chad as the substitute ground of part artificially coloring chad at least.
Worked out a kind of roofing product now, the surface course of its cobblestone comprises natural colored chad.Natural colored chad presents various noticeable colors.They have avoided the problem relevant with the artificially coloring chad as fading, color shift, peeling off and coating damage.In the first embodiment of the present invention, natural colored chad mixes with the chad of artificially coloring on the exposed parts of roofing product.Incrustation has the roofing product of the compound that contains natural colored chad can form than the more natural outward appearance of the ostentatious roofing product of ore gravel of only using artificially coloring.Compare with the chad of artificially coloring, natural colored chad has obviously been saved cost, and natural colored chad can be used for current production devices.But, can not q.s ground obtain the multicolour pattern that some color in the natural colored chad forms optimal roofing product.Therefore, in order to obtain supply and following unaccounted other benefit that more beautiful appearance, saving cost and assurance are suitable for chad, natural colored chad is mixed with amount and the artificially coloring chad that accounts for the about 2%-98% of mixed material weight.In addition, from the angle of color and overall appearance, have been found that being mixed with of artificially coloring ore gravel and natural colored chad is beneficial to form some and make us pleasing multicolour pattern.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, the surface course of exposed parts comprises the mixture of at least three different types of chads, and two kinds of chads wherein are to have the natural colored chad that is not more than about 30% translucence.
In the 3rd embodiment, the little preferable particle size of particle diameter that natural colored chad has the traditional artificially coloring roofing chad of size ratio distributes.At least it is natural colored chad that the percentage by weight of blank area is about 2% chad, and the particle diameter of blank area chad is about 0.3mm-1.2mm.The color that chad with above-mentioned preferred particle size distribution range has been eliminated roofing product significantly has the shallow dark problem that has.The chad that particle diameter is littler also requires to cover with lighter chad the surface of roofing product, thereby reduces the cost of chad and the cost of roofing product.Owing to alleviated the weight of chad,, roofing product more can have been stood expose to wind and rain so allow on roofing product, to adopt more pitch.
In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the surface course of exposed parts comprises the natural colored chad of selecting from shale, siltstone, limestone and dolomite, and the particle diameter of described chad is about 0.3mm-2.0mm.
Fig. 1 is the perspective illustration that chad is routed to the lip-deep present device of asphalt roofing product.
Fig. 2 be manufactured according to the present invention, after shearing but the schematic plan view of the continuous roofing materials band before being divided into the monolithic roof panel.
Fig. 3 is the perspective illustration of roof panel manufactured according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic sectional view along the amplification of the roof panel of the 4-4 line of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the two-part perspective illustration of lamination roof panel manufactured according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is by connecting the perspective illustration of the lamination roof panel that two roofing boards shown in Figure 5 form.
Fig. 7 is the perspective illustration that comprises the lamination roof panel of colored compound dropstone gravel.
Referring now to Fig. 1,, as the reinforcement fabric of roofing product substrate 10 is set.This substrate is a kind of braid that becomes known for the traditional type of roofing product, the non-net of knitting of Woven fabric or fibrous material for example is as mixture of adhesive-bonded fabric or glass mat, synthetic organic fibre such as polyester fiber, natural organic fiber such as cellulose fibre, cloth waste fiber, mineral fiber, glass fiber and synthetic fibers etc.Substrate is fiberglass packing preferably.
Substrate is through being equipped with liquid adhesive as the coater 12 of the bitumen mixture of molten asphalt preferably.The liquid bitumen of heat has soaked into substrate and formed a stickiness coating on the tow sides of substrate.If desired, pitch can contain inserts such as calcium carbonate (limestone), tripoli, rock fiber, flying dust, mica or become known for other filler of asphalt roofing product.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the outer (not shown) of polymer modification type pitch is attached on the substrate that applies pitch.Formed asphalt roofing product is heavier and have more pliability.
Then, make the substrate that is covered with the stickiness coating below, so that apply colored compound dropstone gravel through a chad dispensing device (preferably chad blender 14).Chad is applied on the upper surface of substrate blank area as attachment.Chad is attached on the coating and partly embeds in the described coating usually.Blender has many cloth mouths 16 that pass wherein.Cloth bucket 18 is positioned at the top of blender, so that compound dropstone gravel is sent in the cloth mouth.Cloth bucket links to each other with the storage bin hopper 20 that chad is housed.Can change the number of cloth bucket, storage bin hopper and cloth mouth according to the kind of the roof panel product of manufacturing.Can regulate cloth speed, the cloth moment and the sedimental size and the shape of compound dropstone gravel by blender.Be provided with batch mixing differential mechanism 22 and coordinate the work of blender and the rate travel of substrate.
Subsequently, make the below of substrate, so that background color chad and overlap chad are applied on the upper surface of substrate through slope cloth bucket 24.The slope cloth bucket has a center that the background color chad is deposited on the substrate and expects chamber 26.Except those had covered the position of coloured compound dropstone gravel, the background color chad attached on the bituminous coating of the connector portions office of roofing product.So the background color chad has formed the background color of substrate blank area.The slope cloth bucket also has the side material chamber 28 on a pair of overlap that the overlap chad is deposited into substrate.By the cloth bucket that links to each other with the storage bin hopper (not shown) chad is sent into different material chambers.
Mix compound dropstone gravel, background color chad and overlap chad that chad or single kind chad can be used as colour.Usually before chad is sent to storage bin hopper, mix chad, but also can in the process that chad is applied on the substrate, mix chad.Can select the kind and the mixture of chad according to the special-purpose roof panel product of being constructed.Below specific descriptions are applied to various chads on the substrate.
The not every chad that covers on the band coating substrate all attaches on the coating, and particularly those are applied to the background color chad on the substrate position that covers coloured compound dropstone gravel.Behind the intact chad of lay, make 30 upsets of substrate wound drum and shake off the chad that does not stick.
When substrate overturn, (dusting material) is applied on the soffit of substrate as sand grains or mica with reverse side dusting material.Reverse side dusting material is sent from a reverse side duster 32.Then, make scribble substrate that pitch and incrustation have a chad through the series of standards operation as cooling, weigh.Subsequently, shear substrate so that form asphalt roofing product of the present invention.Substrate can be cut into the roof panel of monolithic or it is cut into and make each flaggy that the lamination roof panel uses or it is cut into the rolled roofing material of suitable length.Pack and transport described product subsequently.
Fig. 2 shows the roofing materials band of making by the technology after shearing step but before band is cut into each roof panel 34.Each band is divided into twice asphalt shingle 36.In Fig. 3, more specifically show the roof panel of telling from band 36.This roof panel has a blank area 38 that comprises three joints 40.Limit joint by otch 42.But should be realized that blank area needn't necessarily have otch.When roof panel was installed on the roofing, blank area normally exposed.The surface course of gravel is attached on the coating of connector portions office.Background color and adhering to of compound dropstone gravel 46 that background color chad 44 has formed blank area provide the color protruding segments on the blank area.The natural colored chad of some kind and/or artificially coloring ore gravel can be preferably background color chad or compound dropstone gravel.
Roof panel also has an overlap 48.When will the row's of number roof panel being installed on the roofing, the overlap of the roof panel among each row be positioned at the below of the blank area of adjacent row's roof panel.So when installing to roof panel on the roofing, except little the overlap that exposes by otch, the overlap of roof panel normally is covered.The surface course of overlap chad 50 attaches on the coating of clinch office.
As mentioned above and as shown in Figure 4, roof panel is made by multilayer material.Roof panel comprises the substrate of being made by fiberglass packing and be used as the roof panel reinforcement fabric 10.This substrate is impregnated and coated with cementing agent such as pitch.Bituminous coating 52 forms on the upper surface of substrate.The surface course 44 of chad attaches on the coating of upper surface.Reverse side bituminous coating 54 forms on the soffit of substrate.On the reverse side coating, stick the surface course 56 that reverse side dusting material such as sand grains are arranged.
Although described the manufacturing process of asphalt roofing product, it should be understood that and to make the said goods by any traditional production method with reference to selection process.Although shown process using a roofing materials band that is divided into the twice roof panel, above-mentioned band also can be the single track roof panel, perhaps is divided into the roof panel in three roads or four roads usually.Can improve production equipment according to technology and by mode known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show one according to preferred lamination asphalt shingle 58 of the present invention.The lamination roof panel is bipartite, and one of them is top layer 60, and another is a bottom 62.The top layer comprises an overlap 64 with surface course of overlap chad 66.The top layer also comprises a blank area 68 with four irregular y junction ys 70 that are saw tooth pattern.Joint is formed by otch 72.Blank area has the surface course of a background color gravel 74.Bottom 62 is suitable for being positioned the below of the blank area on top layer.By cementing agent or alternate manner bottom is fixed on the soffit of blank area.Bottom has the surface course of a background color chad 76.When as shown in Figure 6 bottom 62 and top layer 60 being cemented in a time-out, can see the exposed parts 78 of bottom by the otch on top layer.The background color chad 74 of blank area has the color of the background color chad 76 that is different from bottom usually.When formed lamination roof panel was installed on the roofing, it had very noticeable multicolour pattern and three-dimensional appearance.
Fig. 7 shows another lamination asphalt shingle 80 with the compound dropstone gravel 82 that is arranged on the blank area.The top layer has the surface course of a background color chad 84, and bottom has the surface course of a background color chad 86.
According to the present invention, the chad that is used to decorate the roofing product surface comprises natural colored chad." natural colored chad " speech is meant rock gravel painted under nature or ore gravel, rather than refers to the chad of those artificially colorings.Exactly, natural colored chad is not coated with pigment or coated with the coating as ceramic materials for colouring.But natural colored chad can be covered with a coating so that provide other useful performance for chad.For example, can be coated on the natural chad with additive such as hydrophobic additive or in conjunction with improver." coloured " speech is meant all colours that comprises black, white and various color shadings.Natural colored chad is to obtain by the chad that natural rock and/or ore is crushed to required size according to any way well known in the art.Also chad can be screened so that regulate the size of chad.
Advantageously, the used natural colored chad of the present invention is very attractive in appearance and have protective value, thereby they are highly suitable for the exposed parts of roofing product.Natural colored chad has a lot of natural colors.It is even that chad is preferably on the basis of tonal match color.The colouristic properties that chad is good allows to obtain traditional and improved roofing aesthetics.Chad can be used as the background color of the blank area that exposes or be used as compound dropstone gravel so that produce the light of contrastive colours.
Natural colored chad itself can be used as the surface course of the blank area that roofing product exposes.But in a preferred embodiment of the invention, natural colored chad mixes use with the artificially coloring chad.In this article, " mixing " speech only refers to occur two kinds of chads on the exposed parts of roofing product; And chad need not closely to mix or mix up together.Thereby such mixture comprises having a kind of chad, the another kind of chad and roofing product of the mixing chad that mixes of two kinds of chads wherein on the second portion of exposed surface in the first of product exposed surface.For example, such mixing chad will comprise a kind of like this roofing product, and wherein the mixing gob of this roofing product partly is made of the artificially coloring chad, and background color partly is made of natural colored chad.
The chad mixture comprises by weight percentage: approximately 2%-98%, preferably approximately 10%-98%, preferably approximately 20%-98%, to be more preferably about 35%-98% and the best be about 50%-98% but most preferably be the natural colored chad of about 70%-98%; Approximately 2%-98%, preferably about 2%-90%, preferably about 2%-80%, to be more preferably about 2%-65% and the best be about 2%-50% but most preferably be the artificially coloring chad of about 2%-30%.
The ore gravel of artificially coloring is by crushing and screened ore and/or natural rock and then chad is coated with pigment or applying coating and obtains so that make chad have uniform color.Preferred artificially coloring ore gravel is the ore gravel coated with chromatic ceramics, can obtain such chad by several different suppliers at present.The chad that is suitable for comprises 3M board roofing chad that the processing company that can dig up mine from the Minnesota in Sao Paulo, Minnesota State city buys and the ISP board roofing chad of buying from the ISP mineral products limited company in Bond's Brooker city, New Jersey.Other suitable chad can obtain from Byrd and H.B. Reed.
As mentioned above, the mixture of chad advantageously comprises the natural colored chad of about 2%-98%.The roofing product that the surface is covered with natural colored chad can form more natural outward appearance and have abundanter, the more real color of roofing product that is covered by absolutely pure artificially coloring ore gravel than its surface.The user may pay the utmost attention to this roofing product that contains natural colored chad, and this is because they are more harmless, and is more natural and do not have a too much artificial trace.Can select natural colored chad according to the rock kind and/or the rock color of national special area, thereby roofing product will have zonal glamour.In addition, compare with the artificially coloring chad, natural colored chad has obviously saved cost and they can be used to current production devices.
Preferred chad mixture also have at least about 2% and be preferably artificially coloring chad at least about 10%.Have been found that some color that can't obtain to capacity natural colored chad produces the optimal multicolour pattern of commercial roofing product.For example, occurring in nature can't find blue rock and most of white natural rock not to have the required opacity of good roofing chad in large quantities.Therefore, in order to obtain beautiful appearance and to save cost and guarantee the supply of suitable chad, adopt the mixture that is mixed with at least about the artificially coloring chad of 2% (percentage by weight), this is favourable.In addition, adopt minimum artificially coloring chad to help to guarantee that the outward appearance of roofing product is good the samely with the roofing product made from the pure artificially coloring chad of a hundred per cent at least.As described above, in many cases, adopt the mixture of natural colored chad and artificially coloring chad to make roofing product have charming more natural outward appearance.
Angle from color and overall appearance also has been found that: some multicolour pattern that can not obtain roofing product with coloured chad of a hundred per cent pure natural.In contrast, minimum at least artificially coloring chad and natural colored chad must be mixed, could obtain required multicolour pattern like this.In some cases, one to four kind of different natural colored chad is mixed so that obtain required outward appearance with one to four kind of different artificially coloring chad.In this article, dissimilar chads are meant color and/or diverse chad.Can adopt the chad of dissimilar and color according to special multicolour pattern.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, chad is the mixture of at least three different types of natural colored chads.
Table 1 has been listed the natural colored chad that is used to form different roof panel colors and the preferred mixture of artificially coloring ore gravel.The mixture of these chads can form on roof panel than the more natural outward appearance of the pure artificially coloring ore gravel of a hundred per cent.
Table 1
The natural colored chad of roof panel color covers coloured chad of pottery
(best in the ash with the 5%-15% of red 40%-65% (best 53%)
The Dark grey diabase; 6%) the light grey diabase of red 30%-50% (best 41%)
The dark 30%-55% of light gray and white 5%-10% (best 5%) is (best
The grey diabase; 45%) white
40%-65%'s (best 50%) is shallow
The grey diabase
The 30%-50% of green white 50%-70% (best 59%) is (best
Green greenstone 41%) white
The 50%-70% of green black 30%-50% (best 36%) is (best
Dark grey diabase 64%) green
Table 2 has been listed the natural colored chad that is used to form different roof panel colors and other preferred mixture of artificially coloring chad.
Table 2
The natural colored chad of roof panel color covers coloured chad of pottery
The 10%-30% of middle grey 60%-80% (best 70%) is (best
The Dark grey diabase; 20%) Dark grey
5%-15% (best 10%)
Light grey diabase
The dark 20-35% (best 29%) of taupe brown 30%-50% (best 36%)
The grey diabase; Taupe; 15-30% (
5%-20% (best 14%) 21%) dark-brown
Light grey diabase
The 40%-55% of dark-brown 45%-60% (best 53%) is (best
Brown rhyolite 47%) pitch black and light/dark balance
The 50%-70% of rufous 30%-50% (best 40%) (preferably 60%)
Cream-coloured, the light brown of brown rhyolite and redness
In the palm fibre with the 55%-75% (best 65%) of red 25%-45% (best 35%)
The taupe of brown rhyolite, cream-coloured and Dark grey
The 35%-50% (best 44%) of brownish black 50%-65% (best 56%)
The rufous of brown rhyolite, cream-coloured and Dark grey
The 40%-60% (best 50%) of brown 40%-60% (best 50%)
The rufous of brown rhyolite, cream-coloured and Dark grey
In said mixture, the coloured ore gravel that is covered with pottery can be the 3M board roofing chad in the standard 3M color.The color of natural colored chad is to measure its Hunter L, a by the Hunter colorimeter
*, b
*Colourity defines.The Hunter color system is well-known in the art.Find complete technical descriptioon in the article " photoelectricity colour difference meter " that can be shown in the R.S. Hunter (seeing " U.S. optics association periodical ", the 48th phase, 985-95 page or leaf, 1958).Table 3 has provided the Hunter color of some typical roof panel.
Table 3 roof panel color L a
*b
*Grey 25-40-brown 20-30 the 0-6 of 1.5-2 2-10 4-7 among the light grey 45-55 of Dark grey 15-30-1.5-1 1-5-1.5-0 1-2
Dark-brown 18-30 2-4 2-5
Green 35-50 0-6 3-7
Bottle green 20-30-5-1 0-5
Light brown 35-45 5-10 15-20
Red 15-32 15-20 10-18
Black 15-35-0.5-1 0-1
Table 4 has provided the Hunter color of some natural colored chad.
Table 4
Chad color rock type L a
*b
*
Green greenstone 25-35-12-0 2-8
Red flag rock, shale 20-40 4-18 3-15
Cream-coloured limestone, rhyolite 35-60 5-15 15-25
Brown rhyolite 20-35 3-12 5-10
Grey diabase 25-55-2.5-2 3-5
The white limestone, dolomite 50-70-2-0 0-5
The black diabase, basalt 15-30 0-5-2-2
In another embodiment of the present invention, the chad that is used to decorate the roofing product surface has the preferable particle size distribution littler than traditional roofing chad.As described below, chad can be hundred-percent natural colored chad, or the mixture of natural colored chad and a certain amount of artificially coloring ore gravel.The particle diameter that exposes the chad of blank area preferably is about 0.3mm-1.2mm.The particle size distribution range of chad is preferably as shown in table 5, and this is to be measured by the U.S.'s screening series according to ASTM method D-451.
Table 5
The preferred Wt% of the percentage by weight chad of screen size slot size chad stays on 16 mesh sieves 1.19mm 10-20 14.00 and stays on 20 mesh sieves 0.84mm 40-55 50.00 and stay on 30 mesh sieves 0.59mm 20-35 28.00 and stay that 0.42mm 3-13 6.00 leaked 40 mesh sieves on 40 mesh sieves ... 0-2 1.00
Compare with traditional roofing chad, the chad with preferred particle size distribution range has brought some benefits.When traditional roofing chad through processing so that when being applied on the roofing product, big coccolith gravel and little coccolith gravel can be separated from each other.As a result, chad is divided into big coccolith gravel district and little coccolith gravel district on the surface of roofing product.This has caused the zones of different of roofing product to have what is called " light and shade " problem of different color shadings because of the chad size is different.From angle of aesthetics, do not wish on roofing product, to occur the phenomenon that this light and shade differs usually.Owing to adopted chad, so the size of the average more approaching minimum chad of chad size with above-mentioned size distribution.When having passed through separation in process, chad also alleviated the light and shade problem on the roofing product even have been found that this.
Another advantage is that undersized chad needs lighter gravel to cover the surface of roofing product, and the result has reduced the cost of chad and roofing product.Owing to sell roofing product according to being suitable for the building regulations with standard weights, just can on roofing product, adopt more pitch so alleviate the weight of chad.The pitch that increases is expected to improve the weather proof performance of roofing product.
A kind of problem that roofing product often runs into is that the roofing chad can be before for example using one pile of roof panel spins off in from it the pitch.Advantageously, the roofing chad of reduced size of the present invention may be not easy to loose from the pitch of roofing product.
Roofing product of the present invention can be made with the mixture of hundred-percent natural colored chad and natural colored chad and artificially coloring chad.But, no matter be to use natural colored chad separately or mix the natural colored chad of use, some performance of natural colored chad obviously helps forming the superperformance of roofing product.For example, the chemical composition of rock is very important.Chemical Composition Control the color and the mineralogy composition of rock and is affected the weather proof performance of rock, the shape and the anti-ultraviolet ability of rock of chad.A basic role of roofing chad is exactly to protect the pitch of roofing product not to be subjected to the influence of sunlight middle-ultraviolet lamp.The ultraviolet quantity that sees through natural chad is represented by translucent percentage.According to ASTM method D1866, the used natural chad of roofing product of the present invention preferably has and is not more than about 30% translucence.The rock of Fu Tie, magnesium and/or calcium more can be resisted ultraviolet ray.In addition, the particle diameter of natural chad also may have appreciable impact to translucence.Generally speaking, the size of chad is more little, and then chad is opaque more.Thereby, when the chad particle hour, it is so unimportant that chemical composition just seems.
Formation hardness is to be used to form another important performance of good roofing chad.The hardness of rock is by its mineral composition decision.The rock that is rich in silicate is harder usually.A kind of preferred rock is the particulate cryptocrystalline igneous rock that dioxide-containing silica is approximately 47%-71% (percentage by weight).Term " cryptocrystal " is meant the crystal grain that not easy-to-use bore hole is seen clearly.Another kind of preferred rock is that dioxide-containing silica is approximately the middle grain of 41%-50% (percentage by weight) to coarse grain phanerocrystalline texture igneous rock, as diabase, gabbro and ultrabasic rock.Harder rock is more difficult cracked in processing and processing procedure.In process, the cracked amount of natural chad preferably is no more than about 3%.Hard rock also more can be resisted the invasion and attack of wind and rain.Natural chad preferably has greater than about 3 and is preferably greater than about 5 average Mohs' hardness.Natural chad also must be non-friable, and they just are not easy in the raw material processing procedure as shipment with through cracked in the transport process of device processes like this.
The example of rock with preferred chemical composition, particle diameter and hardness is as follows: (1) average grain diameter is less than the igneous rock of about 0.3mm, as basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite; (2) average grain diameter is greater than the igneous rock of 0.3mm, as diabase, gabbro and ultrabasic rock; (3) average grain diameter is less than the metamorphic rock of about 2.0mm, as amphibolite, greenstone, argillite, flag rock, hornfels, phyllite and gneiss; (4) contain the sedimentary rock of organic impurity and clay mineral, as shale, mud sandstone, limestone and dolomite.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, because mineral composition is handled as choritization, sericitization or sassuritization through the secondary chemical alteration of height,, chad is not more than about 30% translucence so having.Other preferred natural chad comprises albite or Ab, the anorthite of about 60%-100% or the coarse grain plagloclase of An that contains 0-40% approximately.These rocks more be not subject to ultraviolet influence and color darker, thereby they also are better.Natural chad also can contain seedy potash feldspar ore thing fragment.
The size of natural chad is another important performance.The size of chad has influenced the outward appearance of rock, and bigger rock gravel seems roofing product more texture.In one embodiment of the invention, chad can be through screening so that obtain according to described No. 10-No. 12 size grades of the D-451 of ASTM method.These sizes make the area of coverage equilibrium of the texture and the roofing product of chad.In the particulate rock, chad can be made of many particulates and mineral.In the coarse grain rock, when chad was crushed, chad may become single ore particle.This may cause the variability that increases.Preferred particulate rock is igneous rock such as basalt, andesite, dacite and the rhyolite that has less than the average grain diameter of about 0.3mm, or average grain diameter is less than the metamorphic rock of about 2.0mm such as flag rock, phyllite, argillite, gneiss and greenstone, or sedimentary rock such as shale, mud sandstone, limestone and dolomite.Preferred coarse grain rock is igneous rock such as diabase and the gabbro that average grain diameter is about 0.3mm-8.0mm, or average grain diameter is greater than metamorphic rock such as amphibolite, greenstone and the gneiss of 2.0mm.
Studies show that according to investigations the size of natural chad also affects the color of chad.Chad is more little, and then the color of foundation stone is light more.As a result, can be by rock being worn into the color that different granular sizes is regulated chad.Can be by making roofing product have light-colored part and dark part on the different parts that less chad and bigger chad is laid in roofing product.
Another important performance of natural rock is the slight crack or the cleavage of decision chad shape.Desirable cleavage is oblique side's sheet.Cleavage has in one direction formed tabular or sheet.Cleavage on both direction has formed elongated rectangular block or cube.For the coarse grain rock, cleavage is determined by mineralogy.For metamorphic rock, cleavage depends on structure.Preferred chad is the main ore with base portion cleavage or oblique side's cleavage, or preferably constitutes by having at least about 80% the basal clevage or the ore of oblique side's cleavage.Basal clevage is meant that principal direction of cleavage and it finds in rock such as flag rock, phyllite or the gneiss on the turn.Oblique side's cleavage has bulk or the cubic structure that at an angle two principal directions each other by cleavage form.Can select the shape of chad, so that improve other performance characteristic as alleviating the light and shade problem.Roundstone gravel and ashlar gravel help alleviating light and shade.The shape of chad also will influence them and how be deposited on the surface of roofing product.
The density of natural chad is another important performance.The density of chad affects shipping weight, roof panel weight and is used for the chad quantity of roof panel.If the chad quality is more loose, then can in roofing product, use more pitch so that improve the weatherability energy of roofing product.Can find many kinds different have high density and a low-density rock.Rich rock mafic and/or that contain a small amount of silica has higher density usually.The averag density of natural chad is more preferably greater than about 2.5g/cm
3
Another important performance of natural chad is its weatherability energy.The preferential selection stood the rock that exposes to wind and rain, thus chad still keep its protective value and can be in the operating period of whole roofing product (roof panel can with 20 years to 40 years) variable color.Chad must not can break or disintegrates because of course of defrosting.Be rich in quartzy rock and can resist very much the wind and rain invasion and attack usually, and the rock that is rich in iron or magnesium is easy to be subjected to the influence of weather.Chad size and cleavage also influence the weatherability energy.Preferred rock normally is rich in the hard particulates rock of silica.Preferred rock comprises diabase, basalt, middle lava, argillite, flag rock, greenstone and metabasalt.The igneous rock of process chemical alteration (as through choritization, sericitization, sassuritization or serpentinization) and metamorphic rock it is believed that is good at resisting wind and rain.Owing to the height secondary chemical weathering of forming silicate mineral is handled, is exposed to wind and rain so preferred natural chad is stood.
Another important performance of natural rock is exactly its reflectivity or absorptivity/conductivity to the incident light and heat.Preferred roofing chad has the function that suppresses radiation, and this is not absorb heat and conduction heat because of their reflection rays.
The used best color of various natural chad of roofing product is even, thereby has formed the aesthetic appearances of coordinating and exactly be to have eliminated the light and shade problem.In addition, the composition of the used various natural chads of roofing product is preferably more unified.
Natural chad must be able to be attached on the bituminous coating.They should be hydrophobic, because the absorption moisture can weaken the bonding between chad and the pitch.The chad of artificially coloring needs silicone-coating and/or oil with the good adhesion of acquisition with pitch usually.Natural chad does not need these materials to obtain good caking property usually, thereby can reduce cost and make chad more harmless to environment.Natural chad not should with pitch generation chemical reaction, otherwise can cause the marked change of chad or pitch or the bonding of these storerooms is got loose.
In the past, can not obtain some multicolour pattern of roofing product such as roof panel with hundred-percent artificially coloring chad.The mixture of the preferred natural colored chad of the present invention will provide such multicolour pattern.For example, the bright black roof panel can be made with the shiny black cinder particle of the Dark grey diabase gravel that is about 20%-35% (preferably being about 29%) and about 65%-80% (preferably about 71%).Blackish green roof panel can be made with the Dark grey diabase gravel of about 30%-50% (preferably about 36%) and the natural green greenstone gravel of about 50%-70% (preferably about 64%).
Some natural colored chad has different color brightnesss in each chad.This provides the variety classes chad that adopts less amount to obtain the possibility of the different preferred colors hybrid plans of roofing product.In addition, single different colours of planting rock can produce the effect of mixing gob, and needn't adopt different rocks.For example, the different rock of available a kind of grey depth obtains the colour mixture outward appearance.Other rock such as rhyolite show some different colors such as brown and grey.
Investigation shows, the required shades of colour of roofing chad can obtain by the natural chad that employing contains some mineralogical composition.Although, relatively be difficult to find that at occurring in nature its opacity is enough to be suitable for the white rock of making the roofing chad, but in a preferred embodiment, because containing, it comprises the rich calcium limestone that is at least about 90% (percentage by weight) or the mineralogical composition of dolomite, so chad becomes natural white.Equally, be difficult to find suitable red rock at occurring in nature.But the chad that is suitable for can be natural red, and this is because it contains the potassic feldspar of the 40%-50% that has an appointment.Preferred red rock is some igneous rock that contains rhyolite, some metamorphic rock such as flag rock and sedimentary rock such as shale and mud sandstone.
In a further advantageous embodiment, chad becomes natural dark color (as black, bottle green, Dark grey or dark-brown), and this is because the iron magnesium silicate mineral composition that it contains 40% (percentage by weight) of having an appointment at least causes.A preferred dark rock is a basalt.Chad also can become natural black, and this is because it contains ore cluster (mineral group) amphibolite of have an appointment 80% (percentage by weight) at least.Preferred rock comprises Metamorphic Rocks, rotten flag rock and rotten basalt.Chad also can become natural green, and this is the result that iron magnesium ore gravel is handled in the chlorination alteration.Basalt goes bad into greenstone usually.
Compare with the ore gravel of artificially coloring, natural colored chad is also taking advantage aspect the chad temperature.In its manufacture process, heating artificially coloring chad is so that solidify its coating.Chad remains heat in subsequently shipment and storage.If do not allow fully to cool off before use chad, then when they were laid on the roofing product, hot chad sank in the pitch too far so that needs more chad to cover the said goods fully.In addition, the temperature of chad also may be inhomogeneous, thereby a part of chad deeper sinks in the pitch than other chad, and this causes the skimble-scamble appearance of roofing product.In contrast to this, natural colored chad is cold delivery, therefore need not cool off these chads before being applied to it on roofing product, thereby they can not sink in the pitch too far.As a result, need more a spot of chad to form the good covering layer of roofing product, thereby reduced cost.In addition, the appearance surfaces of chad is looked more unified.
Principle of the present invention and working method have been described in a preferred embodiment, but it should be noted, can be without departing from the present invention by except concrete described and shown in mode embodied in other the present invention.
Claims (27)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US65664596A | 1996-05-31 | 1996-05-31 | |
| US08/656,645 | 1996-05-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1220713A true CN1220713A (en) | 1999-06-23 |
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ID=24633939
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97195148A Pending CN1220713A (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1997-05-30 | Asphalt roofing products with surface decoration of natural colored gravel |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0901547A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1220713A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3147697A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9709464A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2253921A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL330147A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997045607A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2789419B1 (en) * | 1999-02-08 | 2001-04-20 | Smac Acieroid | ASPHALTIC SEALING COATING, PARTICULARLY FOR BUILDING TERRACE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
| US7238408B2 (en) | 2001-10-10 | 2007-07-03 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology Inc. | Roofing materials having engineered coatings |
| DE202006002958U1 (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2006-05-24 | Ehrlich, Gernot | Roofing material |
| NL1036262C2 (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2010-06-03 | Jakob Gerrit Hendrik Pannekoek | BITUMINOUS OLIVINE ROOFS. |
| CA2783921A1 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-05 | Certainteed Corporation | System, method and apparatus for increasing surface solar reflectance of roofing |
| US9631367B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2017-04-25 | Certainteed Corporation | System, method and apparatus for increasing surface solar reflectance of roofing |
| US12286795B2 (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2025-04-29 | Knauf Gips Kg | Method for applying a structured surface to a building surface and corresponding covering element |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5181361A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1993-01-26 | Certainteed Corporation | Multi-layer shingle |
| US5094058A (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1992-03-10 | Slocum Donald H | Roofing shingle |
| US5347785A (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1994-09-20 | Certainteed Corporation | Two element shingle |
| US5380552A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1995-01-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of improving adhesion between roofing granules and asphalt-based roofing materials |
| US5427793A (en) * | 1993-04-21 | 1995-06-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Tin-acrylate-containing polymers as algicidal agents in building materials |
-
1997
- 1997-05-30 CN CN97195148A patent/CN1220713A/en active Pending
- 1997-05-30 BR BR9709464A patent/BR9709464A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-30 AU AU31476/97A patent/AU3147697A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-30 PL PL97330147A patent/PL330147A1/en unknown
- 1997-05-30 WO PCT/US1997/009137 patent/WO1997045607A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-30 EP EP97926795A patent/EP0901547A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-30 CA CA002253921A patent/CA2253921A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL330147A1 (en) | 1999-04-26 |
| AU3147697A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
| CA2253921A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
| EP0901547A1 (en) | 1999-03-17 |
| EP0901547A4 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
| BR9709464A (en) | 1999-08-10 |
| WO1997045607A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
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