CN1216117C - Ecological Pavement Dust Suppressant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ecological road dust inhibitor for controlling dust. The dust inhibitor solution is prepared from 0.10 to 3.00% of carboxymethyl starch, 0.01 to 2.50% of sodium silicate and 0.01 to 2.00% of glycerol, and the three materials are immersed in water or dissolved in water by directly stirring before being applied. The dust inhibitor of the present invention has the advantages of effective coalescence, moisture absorption and water retention combination, long dust inhibiting time, high performance-price ratio, simple technical process and operation, no toxic or side effect of independent components and the solution, no corrosive action, quick biochemical degradation in nature after a dust inhibiting period, no secondary pollution and proper water and soil environment improvement. The dust inhibitor can be used for inhibiting thick dust in mine roads as well as urban roads, squares, construction sites, station quays, etc., almost has no site limit, and has a wide application range.

Description

Ecological Pavement Dust Suppressant

Technical field:

The invention relates to a dust suppressant mainly used for road dust control, which can be used for dust control on mine road surfaces, production sites, urban road squares and the like.

Background technique:

At present, in addition to sprinkling dust (including sprinkling, spraying, ultrasonic and electrostatic water), common dust suppression techniques at home and abroad also include spraying wetting agents, solid/liquid hygroscopic agents, sticky dust agents, high-power water-absorbing resins, and composite dust suppression Several kinds of dust agents. China, the United States, Japan, Germany, Russia, Australia and other countries have all carried out research on dust suppressants. In recent years, with the development of polymer fine chemical technology, progress has been made in superabsorbents. However, there are also disadvantages such as single function or high price or toxicological properties, corrosion, refractory degradation and secondary pollution. For example, although the dust suppressant based on crude oil, asphalt and residual oil has strong cohesiveness, it cannot absorb moisture and retain water, cannot adapt to changes in ambient temperature, and is toxic and difficult to biochemically degrade; CaCl ₂ , MgCl ₂ Such as halides and inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate plus surfactants such as fatty acids and sodium dodecylsulfonate as wetting agents and super absorbent agents such as sodium polyacrylate and other dust suppressants have strong Water absorption, but poor adhesion, and there are problems such as toxicity, corrosion, volatility and difficult biochemical degradation.

Invention content:

In order to overcome the problems of existing dust suppressants such as single function, low cost performance, or secondary environmental pollution such as toxicity, corrosion, and difficult biochemical degradation, the present invention provides a dust suppressant formula, which not only has the properties of coagulation, coagulation, Dust suppression comprehensive performance such as moisture absorption and water retention, and can properly improve the water and soil environment, consolidate and maintain the road surface, enhance the anti-rolling performance of the road surface, prevent damage caused by water and soil erosion on the soil road surface, cost-effective, non-toxic, non-corrosive, and easy biochemical degradation , no secondary pollution; simple preparation and spraying process.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: the dust suppressant is composed of three main parts: coagulation, moisture absorption and water saturation. One is the condensation factor. This factor can condense fine dust particles into larger particles and have good consolidation strength, thereby reducing the dust raising rate and the rolling resistance of the ground (soil or cement), and reducing secondary dust. The second is the moisture absorption factor. This factor has strong hygroscopicity, can absorb moisture in the air, and keep the dust-suppressing road surface moist, thereby increasing the single weight of dust particles and reducing dust. Especially when the temperature drops at night and the water evaporated during the day falls to the surface, the pavement fully absorbs moisture under the action of the hydrophilic group of the hygroscopic factor, so that the evaporated water can be replenished in time, thereby enhancing the timeliness of dust suppression. The third is the water retention factor. The function of this factor is to form a layer of molecular film on the surface of dust particles surrounded by water to reduce the evaporation rate of water and reduce the loss of water in the dust suppression layer on the ground. The solution prepared by it has the comprehensive properties of coagulation, moisture absorption and water retention, and can reduce the surface tension of water.

The coagulation factor in the dust suppressant is Carboxyl Methyl Starch (CMS for short), which is a white powder that can be dissolved by stirring in natural water at room temperature. The soaking process will help shorten the stirring time required for dissolution. In the dust suppressant, the content of this component is 0.1-3.0%. The moisture absorption factor is sodium silicate (Sodium Silicate) crystal, white, easily soluble in water, and the content of this component in the dust suppressant is 0.01-2.50%. The water retention factor is glycerine (Glycerine, also known as glycerin), which is a colorless liquid, and its content is 0.01-2.00%.

That is, the present invention is composed of carboxymethyl starch, sodium silicate and glycerol, the proportions of which are respectively 0.1-3.00%, 0.01-2.50% and 0.01-2.00%, and the balance is supplemented by water. Before implementation, the dust suppressant is composed of three independent components; during implementation, that is, when preparing the dust suppressant, water is used as a solvent to prepare a solution with the above ratio. That is, the weight of the three components is calculated according to the total weight of the solution and the proportion, and then the amount of water is added to 100%, and the three components are soaked in water or stirred directly to fully dissolve them.

The performance indicators of the prepared dust suppressant are: (1) PH value: ≥6.5; (2) viscosity: ≥300mpas; (3) high temperature resistance: ≥45°C; The saturated water absorption rate of the dust is 20%; (5) Reduce the permeability: the average infiltration rate of the dust under natural conditions is 2.81 mm/min, and it is 0.05 mm/min under the dust suppressant, which improves the surface adsorption of the dust, Moisture absorption and water retention time is long; (6) anti-evaporation time under 45 ℃ constant high temperature: 65 hours (up to water content 4%), evaporation rate is 4.8 grams/hour, evaporation rate per unit area 0.678 grams/centimeter ; ( ⁷ ) Improve grinding resistance: use XMQ-240X90 conical ball mill, speed 96RPM, grinding time 30 seconds, the percentage of less than 200 mesh (D<0.08mm) is 6.43%; (8) has a strong bonding effect on fine dust, Consolidation of the pavement can prevent the washing damage caused by sprinkling water to the muddy pavement; (9) The surface tension is reduced, which basically eliminates the secondary dust during spraying.

Each component of the dust suppressant can be stored independently according to the component before implementation, and can also be prepared as a solution according to the ratio for storage.

Sodium silicate can be replaced by salts of weak acids and strong bases with strong water absorption. The strong weak acid strong alkali salt of described water absorption refers to sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate.

In this example, liquid spraying is used for application. Except for the addition of dust suppressant preparation facilities and preparation process, its use is equivalent to sprinkling water for dust prevention.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that condensation, moisture absorption and water retention are effectively combined, the dust suppression time is long, the cost performance is high, the technical process and operation are simple, the independent components and their solutions have no toxic side effects and corrosion effects, and the dust suppression effect period is over. It can be biochemically degraded quickly in nature without any secondary pollution, and can properly improve the water and soil environment. This dust suppressant is not only used to suppress thick dust on mine roads, but also can be used to suppress dust on urban roads, squares, construction sites, station wharves, etc. It is almost not limited by the site and has a wide range of applications. The invention has been industrially applied in the mine transportation road and the ore-drawing platform of Chinalco Guangxi Branch. The application shows that after spraying once (0.2-1.0L/M ² ), the effective time of dust suppression is more than 5 days , the air quality all reaches the second or third grade standard, and greatly reduces the manpower, material and financial resources consumption of spraying, reduces the unit cost of ore (0.77 yuan/ton), saves 110,000 cubic meters of water resources annually, and achieves obvious economic benefits . This technology has passed the provincial and ministerial appraisal in January 2003.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a process diagram for the preparation of the dust suppressant of the present invention.

Detailed ways:

Embodiment 1: For muddy roads and fields.

Take 1.0 kg of carboxymethyl starch, 0.5 kg of sodium silicate, and 0.5 kg of glycerol, add them into 98 kg of water, and stir thoroughly at room temperature for 15-20 minutes to prepare 100 kg of dust suppressant. In the dust suppressant, the content of carboxymethyl starch is 1%, sodium silicate is 0.5%, glycerol is 0.5%, and water is 98%. As with most solubles, appropriate warming will speed up dissolution. At the same time, pre-soaking will help shorten the stirring time required for dissolution without affecting its performance. In order to reduce the stirring time, it can also be stirred into a high-concentration solution first, and then diluted with water to the required ratio. After the dust suppressant is completely dissolved, the preparation of the dust suppressant is completed. At this point, the prepared dust suppressant can be filled into sprinkler trucks or other spraying equipment for spraying.

Embodiment 2: for streets and cement roads.

Take 0.2 kg of carboxymethyl starch, 0.5 kg of sodium silicate, and 0.1 kg of glycerin, add them into 99.2 kg of water, and stir thoroughly at room temperature for 15-20 minutes to prepare 100 kg of dust suppressant. In the dust suppressant, the content of carboxymethyl starch is 0.2%, sodium silicate is 0.5%, glycerol is 0.1%, and water is 99.2%. Others are the same as embodiment 1.

Embodiment 3: For indoor cement floor and cladding.

Take 0.1 kg of carboxymethyl starch, 0.2 kg of sodium bicarbonate, and 0.1 kg of glycerin, add them into 99.6 kg of water, and fully stir at room temperature for 15-20 minutes to prepare 100 kg of dust suppressant. In the dust suppressant, the content of carboxymethyl starch is 0.1%, sodium bicarbonate is 0.2%, glycerol is 0.1%, and water is 99.6%. Others are the same as embodiment 1.

Applications:

This dust suppressant has been implemented in the No. 1, No. 3 and No. 5 stope fixed roads of Guangxi Branch of China Aluminum Corporation Limited, the connecting roads of No. 9 and No. 10 districts, and the mud-bearing bauxite unloading platforms of No. 9 and No. 10 districts. The above-mentioned highway was responsible for ore transportation and personnel transportation in the mining area at that time; while the ore unloading platform was responsible for unloading all mud-bearing bauxite ore in the mining area. Mining, stripping, and unloading in the mining area were operated continuously for 24 hours in three shifts. The capacity is 8000 tons/day. It was the dry season and the temperature was as high as 40 degrees Celsius. During implementation, the single-use dust suppressant is 8000 kg. Every time it is sprayed, it can suppress dust for more than 5 days, and all of them can reach the second or third environmental quality standard. A total of 120,000 kilograms have been sprayed in the above-mentioned sections or sites.

Claims (4)

1. A road surface dust suppressant is characterized in that: it is made up of carboxymethyl starch, sodium silicate and glycerin, and its proportioning is respectively 0.1-3.00%, 0.01-2.50% and 0.01-2.00%, surplus It is supplemented by water; before implementation, the dust suppressant is three independent components; during implementation, water is used as a solvent to prepare a solution with the above ratio. 2. The road surface dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: each component of the dust suppressant can be stored independently according to the components before being implemented, or can be prepared as a solution for storage according to the proportion. 3. The road dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sodium silicate can be replaced by strong water-absorbing weak acid and strong alkali salt. 4. The road surface dust suppressant according to claim 3, characterized in that: the strong weak acid and strong alkali salt with strong water absorption refers to sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate.

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