CN1215307C - Reduced atmosphere firing method and device for ceramic muffle kiln - Google Patents
Reduced atmosphere firing method and device for ceramic muffle kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN1215307C CN1215307C CN 02139763 CN02139763A CN1215307C CN 1215307 C CN1215307 C CN 1215307C CN 02139763 CN02139763 CN 02139763 CN 02139763 A CN02139763 A CN 02139763A CN 1215307 C CN1215307 C CN 1215307C
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- atmosphere
- muffle kiln
- burner
- reducing atmosphere
- kiln
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the technical field of kilns, which relates to a reducing atmosphere firing method and a firing device for a ceramic muffle kiln. In the reducing atmosphere firing method for a ceramic muffle kiln, and an atmosphere generator using clean fuel and a segmental isolating device are arranged at a firing segment of the muffle kiln and are communicated with a muffle kiln channel, wherein the muffle kiln uses cheap and inferior fuel as a main heating energy source and continuously fires ceramic products. An easily controlled and relatively stable atmosphere curve which is needed by the firing of the ceramic products and is consistent with a temperature curve is formed at a firing segment in the muffle kiln channel with a pure oxidizing atmosphere, and therefore, the firing of a needed reducing atmosphere is accurately controlled. A plurality of pairs of burning nozzles using clean fuel are arranged at the firing segment of the muffle kiln as the atmosphere generator, and an atmosphere converting burning nozzle is arranged at a critical temperature point at the front of the firing segment as the segmental isolating device. The oxidizing atmosphere exists at the front of the atmosphere converting burning nozzle, the reducing atmosphere exists at the back of the atmosphere converting burning nozzle, and a combustion chamber of each burning nozzle is communicated with the muffle kiln channel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the kiln technical field, relate to a kind of ceramic muffle kiln sintering process in reduction atmosphere and burning apparatus.
Background technology
Ceramic industry is produced with porous pushed bat kiln, BOARD IN THE MUFFLE ROLLER BEARTH KILN when non-clean fuels such as using raw coal, coal gas, water-coal-slurry, heavy oil burns till, and can only adopt the Ma Fushi muffle to burn till, in order to avoid polluted product.This Ma Fushi muffle kiln can only form oxidizing atmosphere naturally, thereby the kind of burning till of ceramic product is restricted.Can only burn till the ceramic component of low gear at present, must use opaque glaze if burn till the pottery of white tone, but lose porcelain transparency and texture, product specification is low.Some ceramic base glaze must burn till just under reducing atmosphere can reach desired quality and outward appearance.As traditional white in general green grass or young crops, fine porcelain that transparency is high in this kiln, can't burn till, the iron oxide that contains in the porcelain body raw mineral materials (porcelain body is dyed yellow) and it can't be reduced into ferrous oxide (porcelain body present white in general green grass or young crops), reaction equation is as follows:
CO (carbon monoxide) is a reducing agent.Just can not burn till on this oxidizing atmosphere kiln as high-grade ceramic product-underglaze colour in addition, also have the pattern of part in-glaze decoration also to want protection of reducing atmosphere ability color development gorgeous.And at present ceramic industry, high-grade fine porcelain such as extensive, the meticulous ceramic whiteware of low-cost production, underglaze colour porcelain must invest 100-200 and build tunnel cave or the roller kilns that gas burns or light diesel fuel burns till for ten thousand yuan.The control of its common temperature schedule, atmosphere system and pressure regime requires as shown in table 1.Though combustion gas drawer kiln is invested less but the production cost height is nocompetitive.The ceramics factory that has the pushed bat kiln of low cost, low cost, burning inferior fuel or flame-insulating type roller kilns now is a lot, because of can't product being improved grade to the control and the conversion of firing atmosphere, influences the competitiveness of product of its production.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the defective that will can not burn reducing atmosphere at ceramic muffle kiln, a kind of ceramic muffle kiln sintering process in reduction atmosphere and burning apparatus are provided, make the muffle kiln that can only burn oxidizing atmosphere originally increase several ten thousand yuan investment again, become a cover and can control this kiln and burn till required oxidation-reduction atmosphere, make it can burn till various high-grade ceramic products.
The technical scheme that solution the technology of the present invention problem is adopted is that this pottery muffle kiln sintering process in reduction atmosphere is to use cheap inferior fuel to be main heating energy source, continuously on the muffle kiln of Low fire ceramic product, at atmosphere generator and the segmentation spacer assembly of its section of burning till by installing and using clean fuel, and the section of burning till combustion chamber is connected with the muffle kiln road, allow the flame of fuel after combustion chambers burn directly enter the muffle kiln road, the control air-fuel ratio, the section of burning till is burnt till for reducing atmosphere, all the other sections still are oxidizing atmosphere, make inherence, the muffle kiln road section of the burning till formation ceramic product of pure zirconia atmosphere burn till required, match with temperature curve, can be easy to control, metastable reducing atmosphere curve, thus accurately control realizes that required reducing atmosphere burns till.Usually at the kiln road inner control strong oxidizing atmosphere of room temperature to (800-1100) ℃, fiery to end temperature kiln road inner control reducing atmosphere can be regulated gas concentration and atmosphere curve freely according to the ceramic kind difference of burning till (800-1100) ℃, also can be aided with industrial control computer and carry out computer automatic controlled according to user's needs.
Pottery muffle kiln reducing atmosphere burning apparatus comprises the main chamber of muffle kiln, the muffle kiln road, flue, the kiln wall, install and use the many of clean fuel in the section of burning till of muffle kiln reducing atmosphere generation nozzle is used as the reducing atmosphere generating means, critical-temperature point before the section of burning till is installed atmosphere conversion burner as the segmentation spacer assembly, be oxidizing atmosphere before making atmosphere conversion burner, be reducing atmosphere afterwards, the combustion chamber of each burner is connected with the muffle kiln road, make and form ceramic product in the muffle kiln road of pure zirconia atmosphere and burn till required, match with temperature curve, can be easy to control, metastable atmosphere curve, thus accurately control realizes that required reducing atmosphere burns till.
It is the muffle kiln of main heating energy source that the present invention is used for cheap inferior fuel, with very a spot of investment, the mode of using the clean fuel of minute quantity to build reducing atmosphere, the sintering effect that having solved well must the millions of unit of investment, all use the kiln of clean fuel just can reach.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiment accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is used for the structural representation of four hole muffle pushed bat kilns for apparatus of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of Fig. 1
Fig. 3 is along kiln road direction temperature profile and reductant concentration curve map in the kiln road
Among the figure: temperature curve 15-reductant concentration curve in 2-kiln road, 1-muffle kiln road guiding air-flow outlet 3-atmosphere conversion burner, 4-reducing atmosphere generation burner, 5-waste heat outlet, 6-cold air inlet, 7-main chamber, 8-flue 9-flue collector 10-kiln wall 11-burner that circles round ejection fuel combustion chamber 12-last partition wall 13-following partition wall 14-kiln road
The specific embodiment
Present embodiment is to apply the present invention to one or four hole muffle pushed bat kilns, this kiln has preheating section, the section of burning till, cooling section, start position in the section of burning till of this kiln is equipped with atmosphere conversion burner (3), thereafter be distributed with reducing atmosphere generation burner (4), each burner ejection fuel combustion chamber is communicated with muffle kiln road (1).During production, the flue gas that the main chamber of kiln (7) produces is discharged by chimney through the flue collector (9) that the flue that circles round (8) flows into kiln, the heat of flue gas then burns the ceramic temperature by flame shield with treating in the muffle kiln road and raises, and kiln temperature distributes shown in the temperature curve (14) of Fig. 3.According to different ceramic product prescriptions, has different product firing temperature curves, preheat temperature section from room temperature to (800-1100) ℃, in the kiln is strong oxidizing atmosphere, coefficient of excess air α=1.15-1.3, pressure condition is negative pressure Δ P=-(39.2-58.8) Pascal, in 950 ℃-1050 ℃ low-temperature space scope of kiln, the liquefied petroleum gas high velocity temperature adjusting burner is installed, directly in the muffle kiln road, send into the strong oxidizing flame of coefficient of excess air α=1.25-1.3, the reproducibility flue gas that comes is flow through in the high-temperature region be converted to oxidizing atmosphere, to realize the oxidizing atmosphere of 1000 ℃ of following temperature ranges; Change the conversion that burner (3) is controlled oxidation-reduction atmosphere by the atmosphere that boundary critical point place between the preheat temperature section and the section of burning till is provided with, the amount of the clean fuel that sprays into by burner by control how much reach conversion in critical point place atmosphere, making in precritical preheat temperature section is oxidizing atmosphere, the section of burning till after critical point is a reducing atmosphere, and form reducing atmosphere segmentation spacer assembly herein, the temperature of critical point place is according to different ceramic product prescriptions, is generally (800-1100) ℃; More than muffle kiln road (800-1100) ℃-to end in the interval of fiery temperature (maximum temperature that is generally the section of burning till the is about 1300 ℃) section of burning till be reducing atmosphere generation burner (4) by installing, burner quantity is determined by kiln road length, the long more burner in kiln road is many more, send into the flue gas of coefficient of excess air α=0.8-0.9, make in the muffle kiln road and to form that to contain (CO) reductant concentration be the reducing atmosphere of 3-5%, these reducibility gas carry out physical-chemical reaction with ceramic body to be fired, change or protect the color development of burned product, and under the effect of muffle kiln road guiding air-flow, flow to low-temperature space; The air-fuel ratio that can regulate each burner according to the ceramic kind difference of burning till is to satisfy gas concentration and the atmosphere curve that product burns till; Can be aided with industrial control computer by the air-fuel ratio of atmosphere checkout gear according to user's needs, carry out computer automatic controlled by computer controlled atmospher conversion burner (3) and reducing atmosphere generation burner (4).According to the atmosphere that detects, promptly control coefficient of excess air by computer control air-fuel ratio.From ending fiery temperature-room temperature, be the product cooling procedure, atmosphere requires to air atmosphere, and is same as the prior art.
The present invention use cheap inferior fuel for main heating energy source, can only burn till continuously with oxidizing atmosphere or intermittently on the muffle pushed bat kiln or Ma Fushi roller kilns of firing ceramics product, atmosphere generator and segmentation spacer assembly that the such cover of burning apparatus of the present invention uses clean fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas are installed, make form in the muffle kiln road of pure zirconia atmosphere ceramic product burn till needed, with match, the metastable atmosphere curve of temperature curve, thereby realize that reducing atmosphere burns till.This be in the muffle pushed bat kiln of main heating energy source or on the Ma Fushi roller kilns with cheap inferior fuel, with very a spot of investment, use the mode of the clean fuel construction reducing atmosphere of minute quantity, solved well and must invest millions of units, all used the kiln of clean fuel just can reach sintering effect.The fine ceramics product that utilizes the muffle kiln production homogeneity that the present invention transforms is that whiteness, light transmittance, glaze glossiness all reach same effect, and it burns till cost and has reduced 40-50% than state-of-the-art combustion gas roller kilns in the industry, greatly fuel saving.
Table 1: high-grade daily-use fine and the requirement of underglaze colour firing process
| Temperature range (℃) | The atmosphere requirement | Pressure condition |
| Room temperature-1000 ℃ | Strong oxidizing atmosphere, coefficient of excess air α=1.15-1.25 | Negative pressure Δ P=-(39.2-58.8) Pascal |
| 1000℃-1200℃ | Strongly reducing atmosphere coefficient of excess air α=0.8-0.9 Comprehensive Control CO%=3-5% | Malleation Δ P=0-39.2 Pascal |
| 1200 ℃-end fiery temperature | Weakly reducing atmosphere CO%=1-3% | Malleation Δ P=0-39.2 Pascal |
| End fiery temperature-room temperature | Air atmosphere (product cooling procedure) | The section balance |
Claims (7)
1; a kind of ceramic muffle kiln sintering process in reduction atmosphere; be to use cheap inferior fuel to be main heating energy source; continuously on the muffle kiln of Low fire ceramic product; at atmosphere generator and the segmentation spacer assembly of its section of burning till by installing and using clean fuel; and the section of burning till combustion chamber is connected with the muffle kiln road; the control air-fuel ratio; the section of burning till is burnt till for reducing atmosphere; all the other sections still are oxidizing atmosphere; i.e. preheat temperature section from room temperature to (800-1100) ℃; in the kiln is strong oxidizing atmosphere; coefficient of excess air α=1.15-1.3; pressure condition is negative pressure Δ P=-(39.2-58.8) Pascal; in 950 ℃-1050 ℃ low-temperature space scope of kiln; in the muffle kiln road, send into the strong oxidizing flame of coefficient of excess air α=1.25-1.3; the reproducibility flue gas that comes is flow through in the high-temperature region be converted to oxidizing atmosphere; to realize the oxidizing atmosphere of 1000 ℃ of following temperature ranges; change the conversion that burner (3) is controlled oxidation-reduction atmosphere by the atmosphere that boundary critical point place between the preheat temperature section and the section of burning till is provided with; the amount of the clean fuel that sprays into by burner by control how much reach conversion in critical point place atmosphere; making in precritical preheat temperature section is oxidizing atmosphere; the section of burning till after critical point is a reducing atmosphere; and form reducing atmosphere segmentation spacer assembly herein; the temperature of critical point place is according to different ceramic product prescriptions; be 800-1100 ℃; more than muffle kiln road (800-1100) ℃-end fiery temperature; send into the flue gas of coefficient of excess air α=0.8-0.9; make to form in the muffle kiln road and contain the reducing atmosphere that the CO reductant concentration is 3-5%; these reducibility gas carry out physical-chemical reaction with ceramic body to be fired; change or protect the color development of burned product; and under the effect of muffle kiln road guiding air-flow, flow to low-temperature space; make inherence, the muffle kiln road section of the burning till formation ceramic product of pure zirconia atmosphere burn till required; match with temperature curve; can be easy to control; metastable reducing atmosphere curve, thus accurately control realizes that required reducing atmosphere burns till.
2, ceramic muffle kiln sintering process in reduction atmosphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that reducing atmosphere generation burner (4) being set in the section of burning till, the air-fuel ratio that atmosphere is changed burner (3) and set reducing atmosphere generation burner (4) by atmosphere is controlled, according to the ceramic kind different adjustment gas concentration and the atmosphere curve that burn till, according to user's different needs, be aided with industrial control computer by the air-fuel ratio of atmosphere checkout gear by computer controlled atmospher conversion burner (3) and reducing atmosphere generation burner (4).
3, ceramic muffle kiln sintering process in reduction atmosphere according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that in 950 ℃-1050 ℃ low-temperature space scope of kiln, by the liquefied petroleum gas high velocity temperature adjusting burner is installed, directly in the muffle kiln road, send into the strong oxidizing flame of coefficient of excess air α=1.25-1.3, the reproducibility flue gas that comes is flow through in the high-temperature region be converted to oxidizing atmosphere, to realize the oxidizing atmosphere of 1000 ℃ of following temperature ranges, it in the interval of muffle kiln road (800-1100) ℃-end fiery temperature section of burning till reducing atmosphere generation burner (4) by installing, burner quantity is determined by kiln road length, the long more burner in kiln road is many more, send into the flue gas of coefficient of excess air α=0.8-0.9, make to form in the muffle kiln road to contain the reducing atmosphere that the CO reductant concentration is 3-5%.
4, a kind of ceramic muffle kiln reducing atmosphere burning apparatus, the main chamber (7) that comprises muffle kiln, muffle kiln road (1), flue (8) circles round, kiln wall (10), it is characterized in that installing and using the many of clean fuel in the section of burning till of muffle kiln is used as the reducing atmosphere generating means to reducing atmosphere generation nozzle (4), critical-temperature point before the section of burning till is installed atmosphere conversion burner (3) as the segmentation spacer assembly, be oxidizing atmosphere before making atmosphere conversion burner, be reducing atmosphere afterwards, the combustion chamber of each burner (11) is connected with muffle kiln road (1), make the interior ceramic product that forms in muffle kiln road (1) of pure zirconia atmosphere burn till required, match with temperature curve, can be easy to control, metastable atmosphere curve, thus accurately control realizes that required reducing atmosphere burns till.
5, ceramic muffle kiln reducing atmosphere burning apparatus according to claim 4, it is characterized in that controlling the conversion of oxidation-reduction atmosphere by the atmosphere conversion burner (3) that boundary critical point place between the preheat temperature section and the section of burning till is provided with, the amount of the clean fuel that sprays into by burner by control how much reach conversion in critical point place atmosphere, making in precritical preheat temperature section is oxidizing atmosphere, the section of burning till after critical point is a reducing atmosphere, and forms reducing atmosphere segmentation spacer assembly herein.
6, ceramic muffle kiln reducing atmosphere burning apparatus according to claim 4, the reducing atmosphere generation burner (4) that it is characterized in that installation in muffle kiln road (800-1100) ℃-end fiery temperature section of burning till interval is a high combustion rate burner, burner quantity is by the decision of kiln road length, and the long more burner in kiln road is many more.
7,, it is characterized in that being aided with industrial control computer by the air-fuel ratio of atmosphere checkout gear by computer controlled atmospher conversion burner (3) and reducing atmosphere generation burner (4) according to claim 4 or 5 or 6 described ceramic muffle kiln reducing atmosphere burning apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02139763 CN1215307C (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2002-11-18 | Reduced atmosphere firing method and device for ceramic muffle kiln |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02139763 CN1215307C (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2002-11-18 | Reduced atmosphere firing method and device for ceramic muffle kiln |
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| CN1435394A CN1435394A (en) | 2003-08-13 |
| CN1215307C true CN1215307C (en) | 2005-08-17 |
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| CN 02139763 Expired - Fee Related CN1215307C (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2002-11-18 | Reduced atmosphere firing method and device for ceramic muffle kiln |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105403047A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-16 | 广东摩德娜科技股份有限公司 | Kiln automatically controlling reduction flame combustion |
| CN106197022A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 河南大学 | A kind of novel electrical integrated high-temperature service of bavin coal in order to firing ceramics |
| CN106431352B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-01-25 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | A kind of porcelain insulator strong reduction stage firing adjustment method |
| CN111592343A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-28 | 赵小晶 | Biscuit firing method for ceramic green body |
| CN112408791B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-17 | 江西省金海利陶瓷有限公司 | Firing method for high-temperature firing of bone china for daily use |
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