CN121429007A - Ecological restoration method for bare sulfide ores - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for bare sulfide oresInfo
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- CN121429007A CN121429007A CN202511538729.9A CN202511538729A CN121429007A CN 121429007 A CN121429007 A CN 121429007A CN 202511538729 A CN202511538729 A CN 202511538729A CN 121429007 A CN121429007 A CN 121429007A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种裸露硫化矿生态修复方法，涉及硫化矿生态修复技术领域。本发明以下步骤：S1、识别与确认；S2、坡面清理；S3、挂网锚固；S4、喷浆密封；S401、构建阻隔带；S5、构建排水系统；S6、引流处理；S7、复绿作业，本发明通过复合水泥浆体“四组分复配”（425#水泥、温敏型膨胀树脂微球、纳米碳酸钙和耐酸短切玻璃纤维），实现多重功能的协同效果：纳米碳酸钙提升附着力与抗酸性，温敏微球解决热胀冷缩开裂，耐酸短切玻璃纤维通过其三维支撑性，解决30°到70°陡坡喷浆层初凝流淌与凝固后抗滑不足问题，显著延长水泥覆盖层使用寿命至8‑10年，减少后期修复频次与成本。
This invention discloses a method for ecological restoration of exposed sulfide minerals, relating to the field of sulfide mineral ecological restoration technology. The invention comprises the following steps: S1, identification and confirmation; S2, slope cleaning; S3, wire mesh anchoring; S4, shotcrete sealing; S401, construction of a barrier strip; S5, construction of a drainage system; S6, drainage treatment; and S7, revegetation. This invention achieves a synergistic effect of multiple functions through a composite cement slurry with a "four-component compound"(425# cement, thermosensitive expanding resin microspheres, nano-calcium carbonate, and acid-resistant chopped glass fiber): nano-calcium carbonate enhances adhesion and acid resistance; thermosensitive microspheres address thermal expansion and contraction cracking; and acid-resistant chopped glass fiber, through its three-dimensional support, solves the problems of initial flow and insufficient anti-slip properties after solidification of the shotcrete layer on steep slopes of 30° to 70°, significantly extending the service life of the cement cover layer to 8-10 years and reducing the frequency and cost of subsequent repairs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of sulfide ores, in particular to an ecological restoration method of bare sulfide ores.
Background
Mining of metal mines mainly comprises two modes of underground mining and surface mining. For the case of shallower burial of ore bodies, surface mining is typically employed. During surface mining, portions of ore bodies (e.g., sulfidic ore bodies) may remain on the slopes outside the mining boundaries due to inaccurate or economic geological data. These slopes are typically steep, ranging from 30 ° to 70 °, and may be rocky or earthy slopes.
At present, for ecological restoration of steep slopes, a method of spraying and greening after hanging a steel wire mesh is commonly adopted in the industry. Specifically, the side slope pumice is firstly cleaned, a steel wire net (for example, the diameter of steel wires is 5mm, the mesh size is 3cm multiplied by 3 cm) is covered, the side slope pumice is fixed by anchor rods, and then soil and seeds are sprayed to promote vegetation growth. The method has a certain effect in general slope treatment.
The existing bulletin number is CN110637668A, which provides a three-dimensional soil restoration structure and method for the side slope of the ion type rare earth abandoned mining area, belonging to the technical field of ecological restoration. The invention provides an ionic rare earth abandoned mine side slope soil three-dimensional restoration structure which comprises an ecological water interception tank, an ecological water interception ditch, an improved soil layer paved on the surface of a side slope area to be restored and a soil restoration ecological net arranged on the improved soil layer, wherein the improved soil layer, the ecological water interception tank and the ecological water interception ditch are all provided with a combined plant lamellar system. The restoration structure provided by the invention can effectively improve the extremely degenerated ecological environment of the ionic rare earth abandoned mining area caused by the tailing abandoned land and restore the degenerated or polluted mining area soil and environment caused by the mining of the rare earth mine destroyed.
However, when the method is applied to a side slope containing exposed sulfide ore bodies, the obvious defect is that the sulfide ore bodies are easy to generate oxidation reaction under the conditions of water and air, and harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and the like are generated. The sulfur dioxide is dissolved in water to form acidic leaching water (such as sulfur water), which can pollute the spray-seeding soil and inhibit the germination and survival rate of plant seeds. This results in failure of the treatment, waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and failure of achieving sustainable ecological re-greening effects. Therefore, we propose an ecological restoration method for bare sulphide ores.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims at solving the problems of oxidation of the sulfide ore body, although a general method for treating the side slope exists in the prior art, a scheme for specially treating the oxidation of the sulfide ore body is lacking. Therefore, we propose an ecological restoration method for bare sulphide ores to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme that the ecological restoration method for the exposed sulphide ores comprises the following steps:
S1, identifying and confirming whether a side slope to be treated is a side slope left by open mining of a mine and containing exposed sulfide ore body, and confirming that the gradient is between 30 and 70 DEG, wherein the lithology of the side slope is a rock side slope or a soil side slope, confirming whether the side slope is left by sulfide ore body through geological record, and measuring the gradient of the side slope through a geological compass;
S2, cleaning the slope, namely cleaning the pumice on the surfaces of the sulfide ore body and surrounding rocks with the width of at least one meter by a manual cleaning mode;
S3, hanging and anchoring, namely covering a steel wire mesh on the cleaned sulfide ore body and surrounding rocks, and fixing the steel wire mesh by using anchor rods, wherein the steel wire mesh has the specification of 5mm in diameter of steel wires and 3cm multiplied by 3cm in mesh size, the anchor rods have the specification of 16mm in diameter and 80cm in length, and the depth of the anchor rods inserted into the rock body is not less than 60cm and are distributed according to grids;
S4, spraying and sealing, namely spraying composite cement paste on the surface of the fixed steel wire mesh to form a spraying layer with the thickness of 10cm and covering and sealing the vulcanized ore body, wherein the composite cement paste consists of 425# cement, temperature-sensitive expanded resin microspheres, nano calcium carbonate and acid-resistant chopped glass fibers, wherein the mass ratio of the temperature-sensitive expanded resin microspheres in the composite cement paste is 3% -5%, the mass ratio of the nano calcium carbonate in the composite cement paste is 2%, the mass ratio of the acid-resistant chopped glass fibers in the composite cement paste is 0.3% -0.5%, the specification parameters of the acid-resistant chopped glass fibers are 6mm-10mm in length and 6 mu m-10 mu m in diameter, and the acid-resistant components contain 15% -20%;
s401, constructing a barrier belt, namely respectively paving a top HDPE impermeable film, an outer bentonite-zeolite mixed soil layer and a vegetation blanket with an inner acid-resistant microorganism layer on the top of the guniting layer;
s5, constructing a drainage system, namely building a ditch for collecting leaching water at the lower part of the spraying layer, and connecting a diversion trench at the end part of the ditch, wherein the specification of the ditch is determined according to the catchment area of the spraying layer, and the ditch is built by adopting concrete or stone;
s6, drainage treatment, namely guiding the collected pretreated sewage into a sewage treatment system for treatment through the diversion trench;
S7, carrying out re-greening operation, namely carrying out net hanging and spray sowing re-greening operation on the surface of the vegetation blanket after the step S401 is completed.
In step S3, the arrangement interval of the anchor rods is adjusted according to the slope gradient, wherein the arrangement interval of the anchor rods is 1m multiplied by 1m when the slope gradient is 30-50 degrees, and is adjusted to 0.8m multiplied by 0.8m when the slope gradient is 50-70 degrees, and the depth of the anchor rods inserted into the rock mass is increased to 70cm.
Further, in the step S4, the particle size of the temperature-sensitive expansion resin microsphere is 50-100 μm, when the ambient temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the volume of the temperature-sensitive expansion resin microsphere can be expanded to 1.5-2 times of the initial volume, the particle size of the nano calcium carbonate is 50-100 nm, and the water-cement ratio of the composite cement slurry is controlled to be 0.4-0.5.
In step S4, the preparation process of the composite cement slurry comprises the steps of firstly mixing and stirring 425# cement and nano calcium carbonate for 10-15 min, then adding acid-resistant chopped glass fibers, continuously stirring for 3-5 min, then adding temperature-sensitive expanded resin microspheres, stirring for 5-8 min, finally adding water to adjust to a preset water-cement ratio, and standing and cooling after uniform stirring for spraying:
the compounding and improving mechanism of the temperature-sensitive expansion resin microsphere, the nano calcium carbonate and the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber is as follows:
Aiming at the limitation that the temperature-sensitive resin microsphere is singly applied in the prior art, the mixing amount of the temperature-sensitive resin microsphere in a cement-based material is only 0.2-0.8%, the core is used for the anti-freezing function of concrete in alpine regions, and the freeze-thawing pressure is relieved through low-temperature phase transition pore-forming;
Aiming at the limitation of single application of the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber in the prior art, after the traditional guniting layer is sprayed on a steep slope of 30-70 degrees, the flowing amount of the traditional guniting layer can reach 8cm in 1 hour before initial setting, and the anti-skid force of the traditional guniting layer in 7-day age is only 12kN/m < 2 >, so that the safety requirement cannot be met. According to the scheme, the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber forms a three-dimensional supporting effect in the slurry, so that the gravity flow of the slurry can be prevented, the flowing amount of a 70-DEG abrupt slope for 1 hour is reduced to below 1.5cm, meanwhile, two ends of the fiber are respectively anchored with a cement matrix, a steel wire mesh and a rock mass, the anti-slip force in the 7-day age is improved to 25kN/m < 2 >, the problem of abrupt slope sliding is thoroughly solved, the fiber contains acid-resistant components, the retention rate of mechanical properties reaches 92% after the fiber is soaked in acid water with pH=3 for 90 days, and the fiber is suitable for the acid working condition of sulphide ores;
Aiming at the limitation of single application of nano calcium carbonate in the prior art, the nano calcium carbonate in the prior art is mainly used for improving the compressive strength and resisting chloride ion permeation when the doping amount of the nano calcium carbonate in a cement-based material is 1-2%, the scheme is used for fixing the doping amount of the nano calcium carbonate, the microstructure of the slurry is more compact by utilizing the compactness of the nano grain diameter of the nano calcium carbonate, the interfacial adhesion with a steel wire mesh is improved (the lifting amplitude is more than 20% compared with a spraying layer without the nano calcium carbonate), and the strength loss rate is reduced to below 5% from 15% in the prior art under the condition of soaking in acid leaching water with the pH value of=3 for 90 days, so that the defect of insufficient acid corrosion resistance of the traditional spraying layer is overcome;
the synergistic improvement effect is that the three are compounded to form a composite system of' the rigidity of nano calcium carbonate is compact, the flexibility compensation of the temperature sensitive resin microsphere is added, and the three-dimensional anti-slip of the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber is added, and the specific technical effects are as follows:
The fluidity of the slurry after spraying is hindered by the fiber, the cracking rate is reduced from 40% to less than or equal to 4% after 50 times of thermal circulation, the positions of the microspheres can be fixed by the fiber when the microspheres expand to fill cracks, aggregation is avoided, the penetration of acidic water into the slurry can be reduced by nano calcium carbonate, the corrosion rate of the fiber is further reduced by 15%, the 28-day compressive strength of the spray layer compounded by the three is improved by 10% -13% compared with that of the standard cement slurry, meanwhile, the stirring resistance of the slurry is only increased by less than or equal to 8%, and the on-site spraying construction efficiency is not influenced.
In step S401, the thickness of the top HDPE impermeable film is 1.5mm, the mass ratio of zeolite in the outer layer bentonite-zeolite mixed soil is 20%, the rest is slope field plain soil, the compaction degree of the mixed soil is not lower than 90%, the acid-resistant microorganism in the inner layer vegetation blanket containing the acid-resistant microorganism is thiobacillus thiooxidans, and the surface density of the vegetation blanket is 200g/m2-300g/m2.
In step S401, the construction sequence of the barrier belt is that HDPE impermeable films are paved firstly, the lap joint width between the impermeable films is not smaller than 10cm, hot melt welding is adopted, bentonite-zeolite mixed soil is paved at the edge of the HDPE impermeable films, the bentonite-zeolite mixed soil is paved in layers, the thickness of each layer is not more than 20cm, and finally vegetation carpets containing acid-resistant microorganisms are paved in the bentonite-zeolite mixed soil, and the edges of the vegetation carpets are fixed by U-shaped nails.
Further, in step S5, the end of ditch is provided with preprocessing device, preprocessing device includes the standing groove, the standing groove has been seted up to the end of ditch, the inner wall slidable mounting of standing groove has the calcium carbonate slowly-releasing box, the inside of calcium carbonate slowly-releasing box is used for placing the calcium carbonate granule, and feed inlet and discharge port have been seted up respectively to the top and the bottom of calcium carbonate slowly-releasing box, the bottom discharge port fixed mounting of calcium carbonate slowly-releasing box has the connecting rod, the outer wall rotation of connecting rod is installed the jam board, the bottom middle-end fixed mounting of jam board has the shutoff board, be provided with the torsional spring between the lateral wall of side of connecting rod and jam board.
In step S6, the sewage treatment system is a neutralization tank, lime milk (Ca (OH) 2) is added for neutralization reaction, and the pH value of leaching water is raised to 6-9 and then discharged.
In step S7, the seeds used for the net hanging spray seeding and re-greening operation are mixed seeds of alfalfa, ryegrass and bermudagrass, the mixing proportion is 30% of alfalfa, 50% of ryegrass and 20% of bermudagrass, and the spray seeding mixture also comprises an organic fertilizer, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 50g/m < 2 >.
The invention provides an ecological restoration method for bare sulfide ores. The beneficial effects are as follows:
1. The invention realizes the synergistic effect of multiple functions by compounding four components of cement paste (425 # cement, temperature-sensitive expansion resin microspheres, nano calcium carbonate and acid-resistant chopped glass fibers), wherein the nano calcium carbonate improves adhesive force and acid resistance, the temperature-sensitive microspheres solve thermal expansion and cold shrinkage cracking, and the acid-resistant chopped glass fibers solve the problems of initial setting flow and insufficient slip resistance after setting of a 30-70-DEG abrupt slope guniting layer through the three-dimensional support of the acid-resistant chopped glass fibers, thereby remarkably prolonging the service life of a cement coating to 8-10 years and reducing later repair frequency and cost.
2. According to the invention, through the arrangement of the HDPE impermeable membrane in the barrier belt, acidic water is blocked from directly penetrating upwards to the re-greening layer, and through the compacted bentonite-zeolite mixed soil, the sulfide minerals outside the mountain can be prevented from sliding to the middle part to pollute the re-greening layer, a small amount of leaked heavy metal ions can be adsorbed, meanwhile, the pH value of soil is regulated, and finally, the pH value of soil in the re-greening region is reduced through the vegetation blanket containing acid-resistant microorganisms, so that the death of re-greening vegetation due to acidic pollution is avoided.
3. According to the invention, through the arrangement of the shutoff plate, after the shutoff plate is subjected to the thrust action of water flow, the shutoff plate rotates clockwise by taking the connecting rod as the center of a circle, and the closed blocking plate forms an opening after being rotated by the shutoff plate, so that calcium carbonate particles in the calcium carbonate slow-release box are poured into acidic leaching water flow through gravity, when the water flow is reduced or interrupted, the torsion spring drives the blocking plate to be automatically closed to stop releasing, sewage (sulfuric acid solution is formed after sulfur dioxide is dissolved in water) reacts with the calcium carbonate particles to form calcium sulfite, carbon dioxide and water, the pretreatment of the neutralization reaction greatly reduces the load of a subsequent sewage treatment system, and after the pretreatment, the subsequent sewage treatment system can reduce the dosage of neutralizing agents such as lime milk, and the like, meanwhile, the flocculant dosage can be correspondingly reduced due to the increase of the heavy metal precipitation rate, and the running cost is remarkably saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a field diagram of the repair method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pretreatment device of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the present invention at a.
The device comprises a ditch 1, a pretreatment device 2, a placing groove 21, a calcium carbonate slow-release box 22, a connecting rod 23, a blocking plate 24, a shutoff plate 25, a shutoff plate 26 and a torsion spring.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the ecological restoration method for the exposed sulphide ores in the embodiment includes the following steps:
s1, identifying and confirming whether the slope to be treated is a slope left by mine surface mining and containing exposed sulfide ore body, and confirming that the slope is between 30 and 70 DEG, wherein the lithology of the slope is a rock slope or a soil slope, confirming whether the slope is left by sulfide ore body through geological record, and measuring the slope of the slope through a geological compass;
S2, cleaning the slope, namely cleaning the pumice on the surfaces of the sulfide ore body and surrounding rocks with the width of at least one meter by a manual cleaning mode;
s3, hanging and anchoring, namely covering a steel wire net on the cleaned sulfide ore body and surrounding rocks, and fixing the steel wire net by using anchor rods, wherein the steel wire net has the specification of 5mm steel wire diameter, 3cm multiplied by 3cm mesh size, the anchor rods have the specification of 16mm diameter and 80cm length, and the depth of the anchor rods inserted into the rock body is not less than 60cm and are distributed according to grids;
S4, spraying and sealing, namely spraying composite cement paste on the surface of the fixed steel wire mesh to form a spraying layer with the thickness of 10cm and covering and sealing the sulfide ore body, wherein the composite cement paste consists of 425# cement, temperature-sensitive expanded resin microspheres and nano calcium carbonate, the mass ratio of the temperature-sensitive expanded resin microspheres in the composite cement paste is 3-5%, the mass ratio of the nano calcium carbonate in the composite cement paste is 2%, the mass ratio of the acid-resistant chopped glass fibers in the composite cement paste is 0.3-0.5%, and the specification parameters of the acid-resistant chopped glass fibers are 6-10 mm in length and 6-10 mu m in diameter, and the acid-resistant components contain 15-20%;
S401, constructing a barrier belt, namely respectively paving a top HDPE impermeable film, an outer bentonite-zeolite mixed soil layer and a vegetation blanket with an inner acid-resistant microorganism layer on the top of the guniting layer;
S5, constructing a drainage system, namely constructing a ditch for collecting leaching water at the lower part of the guniting layer, and connecting a diversion trench at the end part of the ditch, wherein the specification of the ditch is determined according to the catchment area of the guniting layer, and the ditch is built by adopting concrete or stone;
S6, drainage treatment, namely guiding the collected leaching water rich in sulfide into a sewage treatment system for treatment through a diversion trench;
S7, carrying out re-greening operation, namely carrying out net hanging and spray sowing re-greening operation on the surface of the vegetation blanket after the step S401 is completed.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, in the present embodiment, according to the step S1, a slope is surveyed in situ by a geological logging method, whether there is a sulfide ore body outcrop (e.g., pyrite, pyrrhotite, etc.) is confirmed, and the slope gradient is measured using a geological compass. The gradient measurement needs to take point average for many times, and ensures that the value is in the range of 30-70 degrees so as to meet the treatment conditions.
In this embodiment, according to step S2, a manual cleaning manner is adopted, and tools such as a spade and a pick are used to thoroughly clean loose pumice and chips on the slope. The cleaning range should cover the exposed end of the sulfide ore body and the surrounding rock area with the width of at least 1 meter, so that the slope is ensured to be flat and stable, and broken stones are prevented from falling off in the subsequent construction.
In this example, according to the step S3, the steel wire mesh has a wire diameter of 5mm, a mesh size of 3cm×3cm, and the anchor rod has a screw-thread steel with a diameter of 16mm and a length of 80 cm. During installation, the steel wire mesh is tightly attached to the slope surface and is paved, then an electric drilling machine is used for drilling holes, the anchor rods are distributed according to grids with the spacing of 1m multiplied by 1m, the depth of the inserted rock mass is not less than 60cm, and the exposed part is used for fixing the steel wire mesh through nuts, so that the mesh body is tightly stretched and attached to the slope surface.
According to the method, in the step S4, nano calcium carbonate is added into cement paste to improve the adhesive force between the paste and a steel wire mesh and simultaneously enhance the acid resistance of the paste, temperature-sensitive expansion resin microspheres are added into the cement paste, when the sulphide is oxidized and heated (the temperature is more than 35 ℃), the microspheres expand and are used for filling micro cracks generated by thermal expansion in the paste, when the temperature is reduced to normal temperature, the microspheres shrink to avoid shrinkage and cracking of the paste, acid-resistant chopped glass fibers are added into the cement paste, and a three-dimensional support is formed in the paste through the fibers, so that the problems of insufficient anti-slip force before initial setting and after solidification of a steep slope guniting layer are solved, the problem of sealing failure caused by the fact that the conventional covering layer is easy to crack due to thermal expansion and insufficient acid-resistant capability is remarkably solved, the service life of the cement covering layer is prolonged, more stable basic guarantee is provided for subsequent ecological restoration operation, and the frequency and the cost of later restoration are reduced;
the compounding and improving mechanism of the temperature-sensitive type expansion resin microsphere, the nano calcium carbonate and the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber is as follows:
Aiming at the limitation that the temperature-sensitive resin microsphere is singly applied in the prior art, the mixing amount of the temperature-sensitive resin microsphere in a cement-based material is only 0.2-0.8%, the core is used for the anti-freezing function of concrete in alpine regions, and the freeze-thawing pressure is relieved through low-temperature phase transition pore-forming;
Aiming at the limitation of single application of the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber in the prior art, after the traditional guniting layer is sprayed on a steep slope of 30-70 degrees, the flowing amount of the traditional guniting layer can reach 8cm in 1 hour before initial setting, and the anti-skid force of the traditional guniting layer in 7-day age is only 12kN/m < 2 >, so that the safety requirement cannot be met. According to the scheme, the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber forms a three-dimensional supporting effect in the slurry, so that the gravity flow of the slurry can be prevented, the flowing amount of a 70-DEG abrupt slope for 1 hour is reduced to below 1.5cm, meanwhile, two ends of the fiber are respectively anchored with a cement matrix, a steel wire mesh and a rock mass, the anti-slip force in the 7-day age is improved to 25kN/m < 2 >, the problem of abrupt slope sliding is thoroughly solved, the fiber contains acid-resistant components, the retention rate of mechanical properties reaches 92% after the fiber is soaked in acid water with pH=3 for 90 days, and the fiber is suitable for the acid working condition of sulphide ores;
Aiming at the limitation of single application of nano calcium carbonate in the prior art, the nano calcium carbonate in the prior art is mainly used for improving the compressive strength and resisting chloride ion permeation when the doping amount of the nano calcium carbonate in a cement-based material is 1-2%, the scheme is used for fixing the doping amount of the nano calcium carbonate, the microstructure of the slurry is more compact by utilizing the compactness of the nano grain diameter of the nano calcium carbonate, the interfacial adhesion with a steel wire mesh is improved (the lifting amplitude is more than 20% compared with a spraying layer without the nano calcium carbonate), and the strength loss rate is reduced to below 5% from 15% in the prior art under the condition of soaking in acid leaching water with the pH value of=3 for 90 days, so that the defect of insufficient acid corrosion resistance of the traditional spraying layer is overcome;
The effect produced after the composite improvement is that the three are compounded to form a composite system of 'the rigidity of nano calcium carbonate is compact, the flexibility compensation of the temperature sensitive resin microsphere and the three-dimensional anti-slip of the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber', and the specific produced technical effects are as follows:
The fiber prevents the fluidity of the slurry after spraying, so that the cracking rate is reduced from 40% to less than or equal to 4% after 50 times of thermal cycle, the fiber can fix the positions of the microspheres when the microspheres expand to fill cracks, aggregation is avoided, nano calcium carbonate can reduce the penetration of acidic water into the slurry, further reduce the corrosion rate of the fiber by 15%, the 28-day compressive strength of the spray layer compounded by the three is improved by 10% -13% compared with that of the standard cement slurry, and meanwhile, the stirring resistance of the slurry is only increased by less than or equal to 8%, so that the on-site spraying construction efficiency is not influenced;
The data show that the compound system shows four remarkable synergistic effects, and realizes the key span from 'material performance optimization' to 'engineering adaptation upgrading', and the specific steps are as follows:
Experiments prove that the compound slurry can break through the industry bottleneck of 'crack resistance must be reduced strongly and reinforcement must be embrittled' when a single material is added, and simultaneously solves the problem of 'toughness and easy instability' of the traditional fiber reinforcement. The concrete data are that nano calcium carbonate improves the rigidity of a matrix through nucleation effect, the compressive strength of the nano calcium carbonate in 28 days is improved by 13% compared with that of a standard cement paste, the temperature-sensitive expansion resin microsphere compensates thermal expansion cracks through flexible expansion, the thermal cycle (20-50 ℃) cracking rate can be controlled within 4%, and the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber blocks the expansion of cement cracks through the three-dimensional bridging of the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber, so that the ultimate deflection and the bending toughness of the material are improved. The composite structure constructed by the three components still keeps the lifting amplitude of 110% -113% after the compression strength is actually measured for 28 days;
The experiment results of the acid-resistant, heat-resistant and anti-sagging triple protection prove that the comprehensive protection effect is not simple superposition of single protection functions, and the acid leaching, oxidative heating and abrupt slope sagging combined working condition of the sulphide ore can be accurately adapted. The key data is that the porosity of the nano calcium carbonate compact slurry microstructure is reduced by 15% through mercury intrusion test, and the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber forms an acid protection barrier due to acid-resistant components, so that the acid-resistant strength loss rate is reduced from 15% to below 4.5% through the cooperation of the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber and the acid-resistant chopped glass fiber. The network structure formed by glass fibers restricts the flow of slurry, reduces the flow quantity of primary spraying slurry from 8cm to within 1.2cm, greatly shortens the permeation path of an acidic medium and realizes effective blocking;
According to the experimental results of interface anchoring and structure anti-slip dual stabilization, through the synergistic mechanism of nano anchoring of nano calcium carbonate, flexible buffering of temperature-sensitive microspheres and mutual drawknot of acid-resistant chopped glass fibers, hidden dangers of peeling and integral sliding of a steel wire mesh of a high-steep slope guniting layer can be effectively solved, and the experimental data are that the nano calcium carbonate improves the interfacial adhesion of the guniting layer and the steel wire mesh to 1.5MPa, the temperature-sensitive microspheres thermally expand to fill interface micro-gaps, and the acid-resistant chopped glass fibers are physically anchored at two ends to enable the guniting layer and the steel wire mesh to form an integral stress system together with a rock body. Through drawing and anti-slip tests, the stripping strength of the guniting layer is increased from 1.5MPa to 2.8MPa, the anti-slip force in the 7-day age is increased from 12kN/m < 2 > to 25kN/m < 2 >, and the mechanical bearing requirement of a steep slope of 30-70 DEG is completely met;
The construction and durability engineering adaptation experiment results that the compound system solves the problems of poor uniformity and easy failure in later period of traditional abrupt slope guniting. Construction data, namely a supporting network formed by acid-resistant chopped glass fibers, so that the grouting uniformity error of a steep slope with the angle of 30-70 degrees is reduced from +/-60% to +/-0.5% (measured by a laser range finder), and construction defects such as exposed ribs at the top of the slope, too thick cracks at the bottom of the slope and the like are effectively avoided. The durability data comprise that the shearing strength of the interface between the fiber and the matrix reaches 2-4 MPa, the mass loss rate is lower than 4% after 20 times of dry and wet circulation by combining the interface reinforcing effect of nano calcium carbonate, the measured service life can be stably maintained for 8-10 years, and meanwhile, the construction reworking rate is reduced by more than 60%, so that the adaptation and improvement of the construction performance and the durability are realized.
In this embodiment, according to step S401, the HDPE impermeable film in the barrier tape is used to block acidic water from directly penetrating upward to the regreening layer, and then the compacted bentonite-zeolite mixture is used to prevent the sulfide minerals outside the mountain from sliding down to the middle part to pollute the regreening layer, and also to adsorb a small amount of leaked heavy metal ions, and at the same time adjust the pH value of the soil, and finally reduce the pH value of the soil in the regreening region by the vegetation blanket containing acid-resistant microorganisms, so as to avoid death of the regreening vegetation due to acidic pollution.
In the embodiment, according to the step S5, the specification of the ditch is determined according to the catchment area of the guniting layer, wherein the size of the ditch is 20cm wide and 15cm deep when the catchment area is smaller than 50 square meters, and the size of the ditch is 30cm wide and 20cm deep when the catchment area is 50-100 square meters. The ditch is built by concrete, and the inner wall is smeared with light to prevent seepage. The diversion trench adopts PVC pipe (diameter 20 cm) or concrete tank, slope to lay, the leaching water that will the ditch collect is led to sewage treatment system, simultaneously, after leaching water flows into the ditch from the side slope, rivers can contact shutoff board 25, make the shutoff board 25 receive the thrust effect of rivers after, rotate clockwise with connecting rod 23 as the centre of a circle, and closed shutoff board 24 has formed the opening owing to receiving the shutoff board 25 rotation, make the inside calcium carbonate granule of calcium carbonate slowly-releasing box 22 pour into the leaching water rivers that contain acidity through gravity, during rivers reduce or interrupt, torsion spring 26 drives the shutoff board 24 self-closing, stop releasing, and sewage (after sulfur dioxide dissolves in water forms sulfurous acid solution) and reacts with the calcium carbonate granule, form calcium sulfite, carbon dioxide and water, and the preliminary treatment of this neutralization reaction alleviates subsequent sewage treatment system's load by a wide margin, and after the preliminary treatment, subsequent sewage treatment system can reduce the dosage of neutralization medicament such as lime milk, simultaneously because of heavy metal precipitation rate promotes, the flocculant quantity also can reduce by a wide margin and practice costs.
In this embodiment, according to the step S6, the sewage treatment system is a neutralization tank, and lime milk (Ca (OH) 2) is added to perform a neutralization reaction, so that the pH of the leaching water is raised to 6-9 and then discharged.
In the embodiment, according to the step S7, after the spraying and sealing in the step S4 are completed, the surface of the vegetation blanket is subjected to net hanging, spraying and greening operation, namely spraying and sowing a mixture containing seeds, fertilizer and soil, so that vegetation recovery is promoted, and the synergistic effect of ecological restoration is realized.
In this embodiment, the cost of the materials used is negligible for environmental remediation.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
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| CN202511538729.9A CN121429007A (en) | 2025-10-27 | 2025-10-27 | Ecological restoration method for bare sulfide ores |
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| CN202511538729.9A CN121429007A (en) | 2025-10-27 | 2025-10-27 | Ecological restoration method for bare sulfide ores |
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