CN121206200A - Combined spline shifting device and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
Combined spline shifting device and its manufacturing methodInfo
- Publication number
- CN121206200A CN121206200A CN202511590836.6A CN202511590836A CN121206200A CN 121206200 A CN121206200 A CN 121206200A CN 202511590836 A CN202511590836 A CN 202511590836A CN 121206200 A CN121206200 A CN 121206200A
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- spline
- tooth
- shifting device
- teeth
- spline sleeve
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种组合式花键换挡装置及其制造方法，包括：将第一花键套上的第一外齿和第二花键套的第二外齿分别加工为鼓形齿；进行齿面硬化处理；对第一外齿和第二外齿磨齿，使第一外齿和第二外齿公法线一致；在第一花键套和第二花键套上的对应位置打螺栓孔；通过定位台阶将第一花键套和第二花键套初步装配，并调整使第一外齿和第二外齿相位一致；穿设螺栓并拧紧第一花键套和第二花键套；对第一内齿和第二内齿加工，使第一内齿和第二内齿相位一致；将装配好的第一花键套和第二花键套套设于花键轴上并通过第一轴肩和第二轴肩径向定位。本发明改善了用于换挡的花键副齿面受载应力分布，减少偏载磨损，提高了换挡装置的可靠性和耐磨程度。
This invention discloses a combined spline shifting device and its manufacturing method, comprising: machining the first external teeth on the first spline sleeve and the second external teeth on the second spline sleeve into drum-shaped teeth; performing tooth surface hardening treatment; grinding the first and second external teeth to make their common normals coincide; drilling bolt holes at corresponding positions on the first and second spline sleeves; initially assembling the first and second spline sleeves using positioning steps and adjusting them to make the first and second external teeth phase-matched; inserting bolts and tightening the first and second spline sleeves; machining the first and second internal teeth to make their phase-matched; and fitting the assembled first and second spline sleeves onto a spline shaft and radially positioning them using a first and second shaft shoulder. This invention improves the stress distribution on the spline pair tooth surfaces used for shifting, reduces off-center wear, and improves the reliability and wear resistance of the shifting device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gear shifting, in particular to a combined spline shifting device and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
In the modern industrial field, gear drives are generally developed towards high integration. The gear-shifting spline pair is used as a core transmission member of the device, and has a very wide application range in various mechanical designs and practical applications by virtue of the reliable transmission performance. The core function of the device is to precisely transfer differentiated rotation speed and torque parameters through gear shifting coordination among different shafting, so as to meet the technological requirements of complex and various products. Taking a specific industry as an example, high-line production equipment in the metallurgical industry needs to adapt to the diameters of tens of wires with different specifications, and mixing equipment in the petrochemical industry needs to switch high and low rotating speeds according to the characteristics of the materials so as to ensure the mixing processing quality.
However, in the actual running process, the gear shifting device is easy to generate torsion deformation under the continuous action of the working condition load. The deformation not only damages the uniform distribution state of the load, and causes the unbalanced load phenomenon, but also generates axial force. Especially when the device is worn during long-term operation, and the amount of wear increases continuously, axial forces tend to be significantly increased. Under extreme conditions, the problem can cause gear shifting device to break, which not only causes interruption of production flow and seriously affects production efficiency, but also causes serious hidden trouble to life safety of field operators.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect of the prior art, and provides a combined spline gear shifting device and a manufacturing method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that the gear shifting device is easy to generate torsional deformation, can damage the uniform distribution state of load, causes unbalanced load, can generate axial force, possibly causes gear disengagement fault when serious, and constitutes a great hidden danger to production efficiency and personnel life safety in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A method of manufacturing a combination spline shift device, comprising:
processing mutually matched positioning steps on the first spline housing and the second spline housing, and processing the first external teeth on the first spline housing and the second external teeth on the second spline housing into crowned teeth respectively;
Performing tooth surface hardening treatment on the first external teeth and the second external teeth;
grinding the first external teeth and the second external teeth to ensure that the common normal line of the first external teeth and the second external teeth are consistent within the precision range;
punching bolt holes at corresponding positions on the first spline housing and the second spline housing, wherein the axial direction of the bolt holes is parallel to the axial direction of the first spline housing and the second spline housing;
Preliminary assembling the first spline housing and the second spline housing through the positioning step, and adjusting to enable the phases of the first external teeth and the second external teeth to be consistent within the precision range;
A bolt is penetrated in the bolt hole, and the first spline housing and the second spline housing are screwed;
Performing internal tooth processing on the first internal tooth of the assembled first spline housing and the second internal tooth of the second spline housing to enable the phases of the first internal tooth and the second internal tooth to be consistent;
A first shaft shoulder and a second shaft shoulder which are used for radially positioning the first spline housing and the second spline housing are arranged on the spline shaft;
The assembled first spline housing and second spline housing are sleeved on the spline shaft and are radially positioned through the first shaft shoulder and the second shaft shoulder.
In one embodiment, the crowning range of the crowned teeth is 3 delta-5 delta, wherein delta is the straight tooth surface torsion converted by calculating the torsion angle of the spline pair according to engineering mechanics.
In one embodiment, the adjusting to make the phases of the first external teeth and the second external teeth consistent comprises binding a measuring rod with the first external teeth and the second external teeth, measuring a rod span distance M between the assembled first external teeth and second external teeth by using a common normal micrometer, and judging the actual phase deflection;
And adjusting the value of M, and judging that the phases of the first external teeth and the second external teeth are consistent within the precision range when M is more than or equal to M1 and less than or equal to M2 or more than or equal to M2 and less than or equal to M1, wherein M1 is the span length of the first external teeth, M2 is the span length of the second external teeth, M1=W1+2D, M2=W2+2D, W1 is the common normal line of the first external teeth, W2 is the common normal line of the second external teeth, and D is the measuring rod diameter.
In one embodiment, if the common normal deviation of the first external tooth and the second external tooth is Δw, Δm is equal to or less than 1.5 Δw, where Δm is the difference between the M value before adjustment and the M value after adjustment.
In one embodiment, the common normal deviation aw of the first external teeth and the second external teeth is within 6 levels of precision.
In one embodiment, the tooth surface hardening treatment includes a surface hardening treatment, a nitriding treatment, and/or a carburizing and quenching treatment.
In one embodiment, the nitrided layer depth of the nitriding treatment is ∈ 0.45mm and the hardness is ∈ HV650.
In one embodiment, if the first spline housing and the second spline housing are made of medium carbon alloy steel, surface hardening is performed by surface quenching or nitriding treatment, and if the first spline housing and the second spline housing are made of low carbon alloy steel, the surface hardening is performed by carburizing and quenching treatment.
In one embodiment, the transmission positioning pin further comprises positioning pin holes formed in corresponding positions on the first spline housing and the second spline housing, the first spline housing and the second spline housing are initially assembled through the positioning pin holes and the positioning steps, the positioning pin holes are in transition fit with the processing positioning pins when the transmission positioning pin is used for assembling, and the positioning pin holes are in interference fit with the transmission positioning pins when the transmission positioning pin is used for transmitting large torque.
The technical scheme also provides a combined spline gear shifting device which is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the combined spline gear shifting device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
A shift fork is usually arranged in the gear shifting device, and the neutral position of the shift fork corresponds to the internal spline and is in a centered state. When the left side gear enters a transmission working condition, the internal spline can be shifted to a left side working gear A. The internal and external splines used for gear shifting in the traditional gear shifting device all adopt a straight tooth involute structure, and the splines can generate torsional deformation in the process of bearing load, so that axial force is generated. In the stage of completely new equipment put into use, the abrasion degree of the spline parts is lower, and the friction force can form effective constraint on the spline positions, so that the gear-off phenomenon is less, but as the running time of the equipment is increased, the abrasion amount of the spline is gradually accumulated, particularly at the end parts of two sides, the fit clearance is enlarged, the slope is formed, the axial force is further increased, and finally the gear-off problem is caused.
According to the combined spline gear shifting device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the combined spline gear shifting device, a traditional single spline matched with a shifting fork in a transmission mode is decomposed into a double-drum-shaped spline assembly combined structure with a tooth profile for modification, namely the combination of the first spline housing and the second spline housing, so that the distribution of loading stress of a spline pair tooth surface for gear shifting is improved, unbalanced load abrasion is reduced, and the reliability and the wear resistance of the gear shifting device are improved. Specifically, when the left side gear enters a transmission working condition, the internal spline of the shifting fork is shifted to a left working gear A, the left part of the internal spline is in transmission fit with the left side gear, the right part of the internal spline is in transmission fit with the first spline housing, the first external tooth rotates to drive the internal tooth of the shifting fork to rotate, the internal tooth of the shifting fork drives the external tooth of the left side gear to rotate, and as the first external tooth of the first spline housing is a drum-shaped tooth, the maximum stress point of the first external tooth is concentrated at the middle position, and the abrasion area is transferred to the middle. The design can effectively avoid the tooth surface from forming slope-shaped abrasion, thereby reducing the generation of axial force and reducing the possibility of gear disengagement.
In addition, the technical scheme increases the hardness of the tooth surface by carrying out tooth surface hardening treatment on the first external tooth and the second external tooth, so that the tooth surface is more wear-resistant, and the common normal line of the first external tooth and the second external tooth is consistent, so that the meshing reference of the first spline housing and the second spline housing is unified, the assembly difficulty is reduced while the transmission precision is ensured, and the product compatibility is improved. According to the technical scheme, the first spline housing and the second spline housing are further provided with mutually matched positioning steps, and after the phase consistency of the first external teeth and the second external teeth is guaranteed, the first spline housing and the second spline housing are locked by using bolts. And processing the internal teeth of the assembly formed by the locked first spline housing and the locked second spline housing, wherein the procedure ensures that the phases of the first internal teeth and the second internal teeth are consistent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a spline shifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged partial schematic view of B in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of bolts and pins according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a conventional tooth form before and after stress.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a crown gear according to an embodiment of the present invention before and after stress.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first external tooth adjustment phase according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second external tooth adjusting phase according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The numerical control gear comprises the following components of 10, a spline shaft, 11, a first shaft shoulder, 12, a second shaft shoulder, 20, a first spline housing, 21, first external teeth, 30, a second spline housing, 31, second external teeth, 41, bolts, 42, a machining locating pin/transmission locating pin, 50, a shifting fork, 60, a left side gear, 70, a right side gear, 80, a locating step, 90 and a measuring rod.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. For better illustration of the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and not represent the actual product size, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that some well-known structures in the drawings and their descriptions may be omitted.
A method of manufacturing a combination spline shift device as shown in fig. 1-3, comprising:
processing mutually matched positioning steps 80 on the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30, and processing the first external teeth 21 on the first spline housing 20 and the second external teeth 31 on the second spline housing 30 into crowned teeth respectively;
performing a tooth surface hardening treatment on the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31;
grinding the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 to make the common normal line of the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 consistent within the precision range;
punching bolt 41 holes at corresponding positions on the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30, wherein the axial direction of the bolt 41 holes is parallel to the axial direction of the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30;
Preliminary assembling the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 through the positioning step 80, and adjusting to make the phases of the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 consistent within the precision range;
a bolt 41 is penetrated in the hole of the bolt 41 and the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 are screwed;
Performing internal tooth processing on the first internal tooth of the assembled first spline housing 20 and the second internal tooth of the second spline housing 30 so that the phases of the first internal tooth and the second internal tooth are identical;
A first shoulder 11 and a second shoulder 12 for radially positioning the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 are provided on the spline shaft 10;
The assembled first spline housing 20 and second spline housing 30 are sleeved on the spline shaft 10 and positioned radially by the first shoulder 11 and second shoulder 12.
A shift fork is usually arranged in the gear shifting device, and the neutral position of the shift fork corresponds to the internal spline and is in a centered state. When the left side gear enters a transmission working condition, the internal spline can be shifted to a left side working gear A. The internal and external splines used for gear shifting in the traditional gear shifting device all adopt a straight tooth involute structure, and the splines can generate torsional deformation in the process of bearing load, so that axial force is generated. In the stage of completely new equipment put into use, the abrasion degree of the spline parts is lower, and the friction force can form effective constraint on the spline positions, so that the gear-off phenomenon is less, but as the running time of the equipment is increased, the abrasion amount of the spline is gradually accumulated, particularly at the end parts of two sides, the fit clearance is enlarged, the slope is formed, the axial force is further increased, and finally the gear-off problem is caused.
The combined spline gear shifting device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the combined spline gear shifting device of the embodiment decomposes the traditional single spline used for being in transmission fit with the shifting fork 50 into a double-drum spline assembly combined structure with a tooth profile modification, namely the combination of the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30, improves the distribution of loading stress of the spline pinion surface used for gear shifting, reduces unbalanced load abrasion, and improves the reliability and the wear resistance of the gear shifting device. Specifically, in the initial position, the internal spline of the shift fork 50 is centered in the neutral gear C, when the left gear 60 enters the transmission working condition, the internal spline of the shift fork 50 is shifted to the left working gear a, the left part of the internal spline is in transmission fit with the left gear 60, the right part of the internal spline is in transmission fit with the first spline housing 20, the first external tooth 21 rotates to drive the internal tooth of the shift fork 50 to rotate, the internal tooth of the shift fork 50 drives the external tooth of the left gear 60 to rotate, and because the first external tooth 21 of the first spline housing 20 is a drum-shaped tooth, the maximum stress point of the first external tooth 21 is centered in the middle position, and the abrasion region is also shifted to the middle. Conversely, when the internal spline of the fork 50 is shifted to the right working gear, the right portion of the internal spline is in driving engagement with the right gear 70, and the left portion of the internal spline is in driving engagement with the second spline housing 30. The design can effectively avoid the tooth surface from forming slope-shaped abrasion, thereby reducing the generation of axial force and reducing the possibility of gear disengagement.
In addition, in this embodiment, the tooth surface hardness is increased by performing the tooth surface hardening treatment on the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31, so that the tooth surface is more wear-resistant, and the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 are ground, so that the common normal lines of the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 are consistent, so that the meshing references of the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 are unified, the transmission precision is ensured, the assembly difficulty is reduced, and the product compatibility is improved.
In this embodiment, the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 are further provided with positioning steps 80 that are matched with each other, that is, the journal Φd2 is provided to perform preliminary radial positioning of the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30, so that after the phases of the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 are consistent, the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 are locked by using bolts 41. The internal teeth are machined on the assembly formed by the locked first spline housing 20 and second spline housing 30, and the process ensures that the phases of the first internal teeth and the second internal teeth are consistent.
The present embodiment ensures that the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 are identical in crowning, tooth thickness, and tooth distribution after assembly are identical by the above manufacturing method, and the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 are not staggered, so that transmission accuracy is improved.
According to the embodiment, the first inner teeth and the second inner teeth are aligned and have the same phase, the first outer teeth 21 and the second outer teeth 31 are aligned and have the same phase, and the drum shape consistency, the tooth thickness consistency and the assembled tooth distribution consistency of the first outer teeth 21 and the second outer teeth 31 are ensured through the design, so that the first outer teeth 21 and the second outer teeth 31 are not staggered, and the transmission precision is improved.
Specifically, after the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 are assembled, the assembly accuracy of the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 is within 6 stages, and the 5 stages accuracy can be selected so that the assembly error is within 2 wires.
The spline shaft 10 according to this embodiment is provided with a first shoulder 11 and a second shoulder 12 for radially positioning the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30, that is, in the positions where phid 1 and phid 3 are located in the drawing, static radial accurate positioning is performed on the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 through the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, and after a load is applied, automatic centering positioning is performed through an involute spline pair.
The assembly body composed of the first spline housing 20, the second spline housing 30 and the bolts 41 can be matched with the spline shaft 10 in a large excessive mode, interference magnitude can be checked, trapezoidal splines can be adopted, rectangular splines can be adopted if light loads are carried out, and flat keys, double flat keys and the like can be adopted if the size is enough.
As shown in fig. 4 to 5, the crowning range of the crowning teeth according to the present embodiment is 3 Δ -5 Δ, where Δ is the straight tooth face torque converted by calculating the torque angle of the spline pair according to engineering mechanics. Specifically, the torsion angle of the spline pair is calculated according to engineering mechanics, the torsion angle is converted into the torsion delta of the traditional tooth shape, namely the torsion delta after the straight tooth is stressed, the torsion delta is used as a drum shape modification basic unit, the drum shape processing range is 3 delta-5 delta, and if the safety coefficient is higher after the correction, the shape modification quantity can take a larger value. The new tooth form after processing is checked according to the calculation program of the crowned tooth coupling, and the implementation can be realized.
As shown in fig. 6 to 7, the adjustment of the present embodiment to make the phases of the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 coincide includes binding the measuring bar 90 with the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31, measuring the span M between the assembled first external teeth 21 and second external teeth 31 with a common normal micrometer, and determining the actual phase deflection.
When M is more than or equal to M1 and less than or equal to M2 or M2 and less than or equal to M1, judging that the phases of the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 are consistent in the precision range, wherein M1 is the span length of the first external teeth 21, M2 is the span length of the second external teeth 31, M1=W1+2D, M2=W2+2D, W1 is the common normal line of the first external teeth 21, W2 is the common normal line of the second external teeth 31, and D is the diameter of the measuring rod 90.
If the common normal deviation between the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 is ΔW, ΔM is the difference between the M value before adjustment and the M value after adjustment, and ΔM is less than or equal to 1.5 ΔW.
The common normal line deviation Δw of the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 described in this embodiment is within 6-level accuracy.
Specifically, taking the illustration as an example, the measuring rod 90 is tangent to two adjacent tooth surfaces, then the center of the measuring rod 90 is located on the symmetry line of the tooth surfaces, in Δodo 1, angle α is determined by the tooth number, OD is the base circle radius, DO 1 can be calculated by a trigonometric function, the radius r of the measuring rod 90=do 1 -DA, and the diameter d=2r of the measuring rod 90, m=w+2d. Typically r is a fraction, which may be suitably rounded, the dipstick 90 has a diameter d= 2[r, m≡w+2d. In this example, the first external tooth 30 common normal W 1 =186, the theoretical measuring bar 90 has a diameter of 15.723, and when the diameter d=16 of the measuring bar 90 is taken, M 1 = 217.999 ≡218. Taking the normal line of the second outer tooth 31 as W 2 = 186.02 and taking the diameter d=16 of the measuring rod 90, M 2 = 218.019 ≡ 218.02 within the accuracy range. After assembly, the span M between the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 is adjusted. When M satisfies M1-M2 or M2-M1, it is determined that the phases of the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 are identical (accuracy requirement is satisfied). If the common normal deviation between the first external teeth 21 and the second external teeth 31 is Δw, Δm after adjustment is equal to or smaller than 1.5 Δw. In this example, if the common normal deviation Δw is 0.02mm (within 5-level accuracy), Δm is not greater than 0.03mm (meets the accuracy requirement).
The tooth surface hardening treatment according to the present embodiment includes a surface hardening treatment, a nitriding treatment, and/or a carburizing and quenching treatment. If the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 are made of medium carbon alloy steel, for example, 35CrMo, 42CrMo, 40CrNiMo, 34CrNiMo6 and the like are common, surface hardening treatment or nitriding treatment can be adopted to harden tooth surfaces, and for the tooth coupling, the wear resistance of the tooth surfaces is generally considered, the surface hardness after nitriding is higher, and the tooth surfaces are more wear-resistant, so that the medium carbon alloy steel tooth coupling generally adopts a tooth surface nitriding process. The first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 can be made of 40CrNiMo, grains are thinned by pretreatment before tooth manufacturing, the hardness is HB290-330, the tooth surface is nitrided after tooth manufacturing, the nitriding layer depth is equal to or greater than 0.45mm, the hardness is equal to or greater than HV650, the effective hardening layer depth is about 0.35mm after tooth grinding after nitriding, and the grinding amount is about 0.10 mm.
If the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 are made of low-carbon alloy steel, such as 20CrMnMo, 20CrNi2Mo, 20Cr2Ni4, 18CrNiMo7-6 and the like, tooth surface hardening is performed by adopting a carburizing and quenching process after tooth preparation, and tooth grinding is performed.
The embodiment further comprises the step of punching positioning pin holes at corresponding positions on the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30, primarily assembling the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 through the positioning pin holes and the positioning steps 80, wherein the positioning pin holes are in transition fit with the processing positioning pins 42 when the first spline housing is assembled, and the positioning pin holes are in interference fit with the transmission positioning pins when the first spline housing and the second spline housing are used for transmitting large torque. Because the processing locating pin holes are in transition fit, when large torque needs to be transmitted, the processing locating pins are replaced by transmission locating pins in interference fit. The specific interference can be selected based on the transmitted torque and the linear thermal (cold) expansion coefficient and nominal size of the parent metal.
In order to ensure the locking strength, in this embodiment, a plurality of bolt holes may be formed along the circumferential direction of the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 at intervals, that is, the number of bolts 41 for assembly is a plurality of bolts 41 are disposed along the circumferential direction of the first spline housing 20 and the second spline housing 30 at intervals.
Similarly, a plurality of positioning pin holes can be drilled, the positioning pin holes and the bolt holes are staggered, that is, the number of the processing positioning pins/transmission positioning pins 42 can also be set to be a plurality, and the processing positioning pins/transmission positioning pins 42 and the bolts 41 are staggered.
The present embodiment also provides a combined spline shift device manufactured using the manufacturing method of the combined spline shift device as described in any one of the above.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. that comes within the spirit and principle of the claims of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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| CN202511590836.6A CN121206200A (en) | 2025-11-03 | 2025-11-03 | Combined spline shifting device and its manufacturing method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202511590836.6A CN121206200A (en) | 2025-11-03 | 2025-11-03 | Combined spline shifting device and its manufacturing method |
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| CN121206200A true CN121206200A (en) | 2025-12-26 |
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| CN202511590836.6A Pending CN121206200A (en) | 2025-11-03 | 2025-11-03 | Combined spline shifting device and its manufacturing method |
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