CN1211477C - Detergent composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a detergent composition which comprises a surfactant system containing an amphoteric surfactant or a nonionic surfactant and alkyl polyglucoside, and peroxide. The present invention can remove organic pollutants of the surfaces of fruits and vegetables, such as agricultural chemicals, without damaging the freshness of the fruits and the vegetables, and has the advantages of no secondary pollution, no toxicity to human bodies and no pollution to the environment.

Description

detergent composition

field of invention

The present invention relates to a detergent composition comprising a surfactant system of an amphoteric or nonionic surfactant with an alkyl polyglycoside and peroxide, which is effective in removing fruit and Agricultural chemicals and other pollutants on the surface of vegetables without damaging their freshness, and it has no secondary pollution, is non-toxic to the human body, and has no pollution to the environment.

Background of the Invention and Prior Art

Pesticides play an important role in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of fruits and vegetables, and in maintaining the high quality and high yield of fruits and vegetables. But on the other hand, due to the excessive application of pesticides and the harvest of fruits and vegetables before the safe period after pesticides, a large amount of pesticides remain on the surface of fruits and vegetables. In addition, application of chemical fertilizers, air pollution, etc. also cause pollution of agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables. And the treatment of these products with preservatives to preserve their freshness makes the contamination of agricultural products even more serious. When eating fruits and vegetables, some chemicals left on the fruits and vegetables due to careless cleaning are very harmful to the human body. It can cause chemical poisoning or even fatal to people who eat these fruits and vegetables.

For fruits that can be peeled and eaten after peeling, such as apples, pears, bananas and citrus, as long as they are simply cleaned and peeled, the trouble of unclean surface cleaning can be avoided. However, for such fruits and vegetables as strawberries, grapes, spinach and cabbage, there is a need for a detergent that can wash the surface of such fruits and vegetables to remove harmful substances such as pesticides, fertilizers, etc. present on the surface.

The required detergent should meet the following requirements:

1) It is easy to remove organic pollutants such as agricultural chemicals from the surface of fruits or vegetables through simple contact with them;

2) It is easy to rinse clean, and even if the washing residue is eaten, it is harmless to the human body;

3) Does not cause skin damage or disease;

4) Do not damage the freshness of the washed fruits or vegetables;

5) It will not pollute the environment after being discharged.

At present, some detergents for removing harmful substances such as agricultural chemicals, bacteria and other pollutants on the surface of fruits and vegetables have been developed. For example, CN1107177A discloses a kind of agricultural chemicals for removing fruit and vegetable surfaces, A detergent composition for bacteria and other pollutants, the detergent composition includes polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, sodium citrate and optional sucrose fatty acid ester; CN 1049450C discloses a vegetable and fruit residual pesticide Cleaning agent, it contains nonionic surfactant polyether modified silicone oil and sucrose monolaurate, propylene glycol, alkaline auxiliary agent sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate and water; CN 1151434A discloses a kind of fruit and vegetable residual pesticide cleaning agent, It is composed of sodium benzoate, citric acid, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkanolamide 6501, EDTA and salt; WO9833400 discloses a washing formula suitable for washing fruits, vegetables and edible roots, which contains surface Active agent and wax-dissolving agent; DE20000108 discloses a detergent for washing and disinfecting fresh fruits and vegetables, which includes 15-30% anionic detergent, 5-15% nonionic detergent and less than 5% amphoteric detergent agents and alcohol.

However, these fruit and vegetable cleaning agents are still unsatisfactory in terms of the removal effect of agricultural chemicals and other harmful substances, and some of the waste water discharged after washing fruits and vegetables still has environmental pollution problems, which cannot meet the environmental protection requirements.

Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the present inventor has carried out intensive research, and found that, adopt the surfactant system that comprises a kind of amphoteric surfactant or nonionic surfactant and a kind of alkyl polyglycoside and the washing of peroxide The agent composition can effectively remove organic pollutants such as agricultural chemicals on the surface of fruits and vegetables without damaging their freshness, and it has no secondary pollution, is non-toxic to the human body, and has no pollution to the environment, so this paper has been completed invention.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a detergent composition, comprising:

(a) 4-30% surfactant system; which consists of (a1) 2-15% amphoteric surfactant or nonionic surfactant, and (a2) 2-15% alkyl polyglycoside (APG);

(b) 0.1-2.5% peroxide;

and optional additional auxiliaries

(c) 0-10% organic acid and/or its salt;

(d) 0-10% inorganic base;

(e) 0-10% co-solvent;

And the balance is water.

Detailed description of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a detergent composition comprising a surfactant system of an amphoteric or nonionic surfactant with an alkyl polyglycoside and peroxide, which removes fruit and organic pollutants such as agricultural chemicals on the surface of vegetables without damaging their freshness, and it is non-toxic to the human body and non-polluting to the environment.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the detergent composition in washing fruits and vegetables and removing organic pollutants such as agricultural chemicals on the surface of fruits and vegetables without damaging their freshness.

Surfactant system

The composition of the present invention comprises a surfactant system (a) consisting of amphoteric or nonionic surfactants (a1) commonly used in detergents and alkyl polyglycosides (a2).

Amphoteric surfactant or nonionic surfactant (a1)

Examples of amphoteric or nonionic surfactants suitable for the composition of the invention may be mentioned for example the following: Zwitterionic surfactants such as betaines such as cocobetaine, oleyl betaine, lauryl betaine Propyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine; non-ionic surfactants such as alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers such as lauryl polyoxyethylene ether, C _12-15 alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, cetyl/deca Octyl polyoxyethylene ether, stearyl polyoxyethylene ether, oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; alkylphenol ethers such as nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; fatty acid polyalkoxylate such as ethylene glycol stearate esters, propylene glycol stearate, polyethylene glycol stearate; polyol esters such as sorbitan laurate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan Alcohol polyoxyethylene laurate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan trioleate; alkanolamides such as lauryl Acyl Diethanolamine, Lauroyl Monoisopropanolamine, Cocoyl Monoethanolamine, Cocoyl Diethanolamide, Cocoyl Diethanolamide, Myristoyl Diethanolamine, Stearyl Monoethanolamine, Stearyl Diethanolamine, Oleoyl Diethanolamine, Linoleoyl Diethanolamine, Cocamide Ethoxylate. Preferred are nonionic surfactants such as alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers such as lauryl polyoxyethylene ether, C _12-15 alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, C _16/18 alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, stearyl polyoxyethylene Vinyl ether, oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; Alkylphenol ethers such as nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; Polyol esters such as sorbitan laurate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan hard Fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan laurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan palmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate; alkanolamides such as lauroyl diethanolamine , Lauroyl Monoisopropanolamine, Cocoyl Monoethanolamine, Cocoyl Diethanolamine, Cocoyl Diethanolamide, Myristoyl Diethanolamine, Stearyl Monoethanolamine, Stearyl Diethanolamine, Oleoyl Diethanolamine Ethanolamine, Linoleoyldiethanolamine, Cocamide Ethoxylate. The above surfactants are all conventionally used in detergent products and are commercially available. For specific products, see, for example, "Surfactant Products", Luo Xiquan, China Light Industry Press, 1997, 1st edition.

Alkyl polyglycosides (a2)

Alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) suitable for the compositions of the invention are, for example, those disclosed in EP 75 995A, EP 238 638A, EP487262, EP374702.

Particularly preferred is the alkyl polyglycoside described in general formula I:

RO(R′O) _t (G) _x (I)

In the formula, R is an organic hydrophobic group containing 8-16 carbon atoms, R' is an alkylene group containing 2-4 carbon atoms, G is a sugar group containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and the value of t is 0- 10, the value of x is 1-10.

Preferred hydrophobic radicals R are saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, especially linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl groups. It is particularly preferred that R is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing 8 to 16 carbon atoms. Most preferably R is an alkyl group containing 8-12 carbon atoms.

The value of t in the above general formula is preferably zero, therefore, no -(R'O) ^t unit is contained in the general formula. At this point, the general formula becomes the general formula II:

RO(G) _x (II)

If the value of t is not zero, it is preferred that R'O is an oxirane group. Other possibilities are propylene oxide and glycerol groups. If the parameter t has a value other than zero, there is an R'O, t value (which can be an average value), preferably 0.5-10.

The G group is generally derived from fructose, glucose, mannose, xylose, lyxose and/or ribose. Preferred G groups are derived substantially only from glucose units.

The X value is an average value, usually defined as the degree of polymerization (expressed in DP). Suitable x values range from 1-8. Preferred x values are 1-3, more preferred x values are 1-2.

When the value of x is 1-2, preferably R is a C8-14 alkyl or alkenyl group. Commercially available products suitable for the composition of the present invention include Glucopon 600 CS UP (the alkyl group of C12-14, and the degree of polymerization is 1.4), and APG 600 EC and 650EC, which are products of Henkel; Lutensol GD70, which are products of BASF; Marlosan 24, a product of Huls; Atlas G 73500, a product of Imperial Chemicals; and APG 0810, a product of Green Clean. These products are only sold as aqueous solutions.

The combination of the second type of surfactant can not only improve the detergency, but also improve the rinsing performance, and at the same time further reduce the irritation of the surfactant.

Surfactant (a) is present in the composition of the invention in an amount of 4-30% by weight, which contains 2-15% by weight of an amphoteric or nonionic surfactant (a1) and 2-15% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside (a2). Preferably, the surfactant (a) is present in the composition of the invention in an amount of 5-25% by weight, containing 2.5-15% by weight of an amphoteric or nonionic surfactant ( a1) and 2.5-10% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside (a2). Preferably, the weight ratio of (a1) to (a2) is between 1:0.2-5.

Peroxide (b)

The use of peroxide can make harmful substances such as pesticide molecules in an active state, and at the same time cooperate with the surfactant system to facilitate the removal of harmful substances from the surface of fruits and vegetables.

Examples of peroxides suitable for the present invention may be mentioned, for example, peracids or persalts such as sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, calcium peroxide, peracetic acid, bis-2-ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate, Peroxybenzoic acid, isobutyl peroxybenzoate, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate; ketone peroxides such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetone peroxide, benzoyl peroxide; and other peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, Thiourea dioxide, hydrazine hydrate, dimethyl sulfoxide, percarbonic acid amide. Preference is given to organic peroxyacids such as peroxyacetic acid, peroxybenzoic acid and ketone peroxides such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetone peroxide, benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide.

The peroxide (b) is present in the composition of the invention in an amount of 0.1-2.5% by weight, preferably between 0.1-1%. In preferred compositions of the invention, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) is between 200-10:1, preferably between 100-30:1.

Additional additives

In preferred compositions of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned surfactants and peroxides, additional auxiliary components such as organic acids or salts thereof or inorganic bases and co-solvents may be included when necessary or necessary.

In order to obtain better cleaning power, the composition of the present invention may include organic acids and/or salts thereof or inorganic bases that help to clean organic pollutants such as agricultural chemicals, and these organic acids and/or salts or inorganic bases It is some natural plant ingredients, under certain conditions, they may exchange ions or molecules with harmful substances, thus helping to remove harmful substances from the surface of fruits and vegetables.

Examples that may be mentioned of these organic acids or salts thereof include, for example, citric acid and citrate salts such as sodium citrate, sodium dihydrogen citrate, disodium hydrogen citrate, potassium citrate, potassium dihydrogen citrate, calcium citrate , ammonium citrate, potassium sodium citrate, monosodium tartrate, disodium tartrate, dipotassium tartrate, calcium tartrate, malic acid and sodium malate, potassium hydrogen malate, potassium malate, adipic acid and sodium adipate, Potassium adipate, ammonium adipate, fumaric acid and potassium fumarate, calcium fumarate, lactic acid and sodium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium lactate, ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate, potassium erythorbate, calcium erythorbate, alginic acid and Sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, glutamic acid and monopotassium glutamate, monoammonium glutamate, magnesium glutamate, sorbic acid and sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate. Preference is given to citric acid and its salts, tartaric acid and its salts, malic acid and its salts, lactic acid and its salts.

Organic acids and their salts can form buffer systems and can be used as pH regulators. Inorganic bases suitable for the present invention are basic inorganic substances with low or no toxicity. Examples of inorganic bases that may be mentioned include, for example, alkali ores, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, baking soda, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, and the like.

Co-solvents suitable for the present invention are low-toxic organic solvents. Co-solvents that may be mentioned include, for example, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and the like.

The composition of the present invention may contain 0-10% by weight of an organic acid or a salt thereof. 2-8% by weight of organic acid or salt thereof is present in preferred compositions of the invention.

The compositions of the present invention may contain 0-10% by weight of inorganic bases. In preferred compositions of the invention 1-8% by weight of inorganic base is present.

The compositions of the present invention may also contain 0-10% by weight of co-solvents. 2-7% by weight of co-solvents are present in preferred compositions of the invention.

other optional ingredients

A small amount of other commonly used detergent components such as viscosity modifiers, preservatives, essences, stabilizers, anti-recontamination agents, etc. may also be included in the composition of the present invention, as long as they do not have an adverse effect on the cleaning ability of the detergent composition .

The preferred detergent composition of the present invention contains by weight 0.1-0.5% viscosity modifier, 0.05-1% preservative, 0.1-0.5% essence, 0.05-1% stabilizer, 0.05-1% antibacterial re-polluting agent.

Below the above range, the additives cannot fully function, and above this range, there may be adverse effects on detergent performance such as reduced cleaning ability and the like.

water content

The balance in the composition of the invention is water (make up to 100%).

It will be appreciated that in the concentrated compositions of the present invention minimal or even no water may be present. This composition can be diluted with water in a certain proportion by the user before use. In this case, the concentrations of the individual components in the compositions of the invention should be correspondingly increased. Such detergent compositions are still within the scope of the present invention.

Preparation of detergent compositions

Compositions of the invention may be prepared by any suitable method. In the case of solid raw materials, the solid raw materials can be pulverized or dissolved with a cosolvent first, and then other liquid components are added and mixed.

The characteristics of the present invention are as follows: (1) use detergent of the present invention to dissolve in water in an appropriate amount and soak vegetables and fruits. In the surface active system, organic pollutants such as pesticide molecules and peroxides are combined into active transition states, which can be effectively Replacement, so that organic pollutants such as pesticide molecules are washed off from the surface of fruits and vegetables; (2) in a preferred scheme, under the action of the organic acid-base system of the detergent of the present invention, the plant epidermal cells and the upper cell wall are opened, which can be more effective remove pollutants.

The harmless and non-irritating detergent composition according to the present invention may be suitable for cleaning food-related products, such as kitchen utensils, fruits, vegetables, etc., especially for cleaning fruits or vegetables.

The detergent composition of the present invention hardly pollutes the environment after being discharged due to its excellent biodegradability.

Example

The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples, in which ratios and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. However, the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Formulation Examples 1-4

The detergent composition (% by weight) of the present invention is prepared according to the following formula: Ingredient Examples 1 2 3 4 (a1) stearyl polyoxyethylene ether 5 7.5 10 5 (a2)APG ^* 5 5 7.5 7.5 (b) peracetic acid 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 (c) Sodium citrate/citric acid (4:1) 2 4 4 4 (d) baking soda 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 (e) Propylene glycol 3 4 5 5 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 preservative 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 essence 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 water margin margin margin margin

*) APG (C _10-12 , DP1.6).

Formulation Examples 5-8

The detergent composition (% by weight) of the present invention is prepared according to the following formula: Ingredient Examples 5 6 7 8 (a1) Behenyl Laurate 5 7.5 10 10 (a2)APG 5 5 0 5 (b) Acetone peroxide 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 (c) Potassium citrate/sodium citrate (3:1) 2 4 4 4 (d) Sodium carbonate 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 (e) Ethanol 3 4 4 4 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 preservative 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 essence 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 water margin margin margin margin

*) APG (C _12-14 , DP1.4).

Formulation Examples 8-11

The detergent composition (% by weight) of the present invention is prepared according to the following formula: Ingredient Examples 9 10 11 (a1) myristoyl diethanolamine 5 7.5 10 (a2)APG 5 5 7.5 (b) hydrogen peroxide 0.2 0.4 0.4 (c) Potassium tartrate/tartrate (2:1) 2 4 4 (d) Alkali ore 0.2 0.2 0.2 (e) Glycol 3 4 5 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.1 0.1 0.1 preservative 0.5 0.5 0.5 essence 0.1 0.1 0.1 water margin margin margin

*) APG (C _12-14 , DP1.4).

Other formulas within the scope of the present invention can also be worked out according to the above-mentioned embodiments and the relevant descriptions in the above-mentioned specifications of the present invention.

Test Example

For comparison, the formulation example of the present invention and the formulation example 7 without APG were tested together with the commercially available product Vegetable and Fruit Cleanser A, Vegetable Cleanser B and water.

experiment method

Use a micro-syringe to evenly add three concentrations of pesticide mixture solutions such as 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg on the surface of fruits and vegetables, and dry them. Get 1g of the detergent composition of the present invention and dilute to 100ml in a beaker. Rinse the above-mentioned dried fruits or vegetables with water for 10 seconds, crush them evenly, and homogenize them for 1 minute. Accurately weigh 5.00g of the sample, add 10g of florisil to the mortar, and grind it into a free-flowing state. Install the column in a 2.0cm×20cm glass column, rinse with 50ml of ethyl acetate, collect the eluent, concentrate to near dryness, and dilute to 1ml with n-hexane:ethyl acetate (4:1). Detection by GC-FPD and GC-ECD.

Experimental effect

The washing effect is calculated by the pesticide removal rate (1-recovery rate/100). Under normal conditions, the overall recovery level of the experiment is determined, and the lower the recovery after washing, the better the washing effect.

Test Example 1

Adopt above-mentioned experimental method, product of the present invention compares the result as shown in Table 1 to the cleaning effect of tomato surface organophosphorus pesticide (0.1mg/kg) with water and commercially available product.

Table 1: The washing effect of detergent of the present invention and the comparison of commercially available product deal with Pesticide removal rate (%) trichlorfon Methamidophos Dimethoate Diazinon Malathion Chlorpyrifos washed 55.18 31.2 21.5 0.02 10.06 1.61 Preparation 1 63.95 61.77 46.67 48.2 51.94 36.0 Preparation 3 79.89 79.32 60.15 59.51 59.18 55.58 Preparation 4 76.5 66.99 46.69 41.65 58.11 48.68 Preparation 6 74.37 69.66 59.21 45.63 62.82 43.52 Preparation 7 80.32 80.18 32.99 43.84 42.9 18.47 Preparation 8 81.15 69.71 62.41 68.61 68.48 61.14 Preparation 10 81.83 63.94 61 53.88 45.78 38.88 Preparation 11 83.35 66.6 64.27 51.89 52.79 42.07 A 69.42 71.36 27.48 33.44 21.31 24.63 B 68.0 71.33 33.69 17.25 19.61 7.16

Note: the formulations in the table correspond to formulation examples.

As can be seen from the above table 1, the preparation of the present invention has a strong washing ability, and the washing-out rate of 0.1 mg/kg organophosphorus pesticide residues on tomatoes is higher than that of commercially available detergents and non-washing.

Test Example 2

Adopt above-mentioned experimental method, product of the present invention compares the result as shown in table 2 to the cleaning effect of pesticide on cucumber, tomato, apple surface and washing and commercially available product.

Table 2 preparation embodiment 3 and 8 are to the detection result of cleaning effect of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits pesticide Concentration mg/kg Pesticide removal rate% cucumber tomato apple 3 8 3 8 3 8 0.05 79.33 86.65 71.66 77.65 78.25 86.12 trichlorfon 0.1 75.15 77.6 69.40 72.59 76.07 87.47 0.2 75.87 70.62 78.25 60.83 78.78 73.64 Methamidophos 0.05 65.88 76.92 74.91 72.38 84.50 90.61 0.1 65.12 70.76 75.77 70.94 68.00 90.47 0.2 64.07 62.54 60.98 66.97 73.51 65.99 Diazinon 0.05 57.22 66.34 65.42 54.19 77.61 84.92 0.1 51.64 52.47 51.45 59.90 67.16 86.54 0.2 59.63 57.12 51.26 54.86 74.02 78.86 Dimethoate 0.05 57.65 78.06 61.51 58.78 61.56 75.96 0.1 55.11 58.72 61.52 62.21 64.90 73.49 0.2 55.37 59.65 53.65 69.43 51.69 69.08 Malathion 0.05 54.48 66.85 76.41 54.40 65.82 78.81 0.1 57.78 53.73 58.93 57.72 65.27 75.37 0.2 52.87 68.18 57.74 57.80 65.45 54.75 Chlorpyrifos 0.05 50.97 58.29 45.63 50.58 68.96 76.15 0.1 56.64 57.63 43.24 54.47 56.24 65.50 0.2 54.01 50.08 44.93 59.93 41.06 44.62 Endosulfan 0.25 68.93 77.16 44.89 47.62 52.65 58.23 0.5 63.27 55.39 48.56 47.58 53.89 49.22 1.0 55.86 60.71 58.96 58.43 47.56 49.41 permethrin 0.5 61.54 54.66 42.79 47.80 51.71 62.31 1.0 54.65 49.94 45.34 47.57 62.16 68.27 2.0 66.79 68.97 61.67 66.10 43.14 52.08 Fenvalerate 0.1 63.77 69.18 73.91 68.92 78.88 75.78 0.2 65.18 67.32 68.71 69.27 62.93 71.72 0.4 66.47 62.90 67.22 73.32 73.50 69.78

As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the washing and removal effects of preparation examples 3 and 8 detergents to three levels of concentration pesticides added in cucumbers, tomatoes, and apples are all ideal, and the removal rates of preparation examples 3 and 8 are to each pesticide Respectively between 43.14% ~ 84.50%, 44.62 ~ 90.47%, especially the removal rate of trichlorfon, methamidophos and fenvalerate is higher.

Claims (10)

1. A detergent composition comprising (a) 4-30% surfactant system consisting of (a1) 2-15% amphoteric surfactant or nonionic surfactant, and (a2) 2-15% alkyl polyglycoside (APG); (b) 0.1-2.5% peroxide; and optional additional auxiliaries (c) 0-10% organic acid and/or its salt; (d) 0-10% inorganic base; (e) 0-10% co-solvent; And the balance is water. 2. A detergent composition according to claim 1, wherein The weight ratio of (a1) and (a2) is between 1:0.2-5, and the weight ratio of (a) and (b) is between 200-10:1. 3. according to the detergent composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein said amphoteric surfactant is betaine, and nonionic surfactant is alkyl polyoxyethylene ether class, alkylphenol ether class, fatty acid polyalkane Oxide esters, polyol esters or alkanolamides. 4. The detergent composition according to claim 3, wherein said nonionic surfactant is alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, alkylphenol ethers, polyol esters or alkanolamides. 5. The detergent composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said alkyl polyglycoside is shown in the following formula RO(R′O)t(G)x (I) In the formula, R is an organic hydrophobic group containing 8-16 carbon atoms, R' is an alkylene group containing 2-4 carbon atoms, G is a sugar group containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and the value of t is 0- 10, the value of x is 1-10. 6. A detergent composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said peroxide is organic peroxyacids, ketone peroxides or hydrogen peroxide. 7. according to the detergent composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein said organic acid and/or its salt are citric acid and/or its salt, tartaric acid and/or its salt, malic acid and/or its salt or lactic acid and/or its salts. 8. A detergent composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base is alkali ore, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, baking soda, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate. 9. A detergent composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said co-solvent is ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or glycerin. 10. Use of a detergent composition according to any one of claims 1-9 for washing fruits and vegetables.