CN120831801A

CN120831801A - Three-dimensional display system based on circular arrangement of multi-view projection units

Info

Publication number: CN120831801A
Application number: CN202510995731.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘立林; 罗名活; 滕东东
Original assignee: Sun Yat Sen University
Current assignee: Sun Yat Sen University
Priority date: 2025-07-18
Filing date: 2025-07-18
Publication date: 2025-10-24

Abstract

The present invention discloses a three-dimensional display system based on a circular arrangement of multi-view projection units. The system includes more than one artifact-limited multi-view projection unit. The orthogonal characteristic display device of each artifact-limited multi-view projection unit projects images to multiple initial viewpoints via its orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating. The projection device images the initial viewpoint generated by the corresponding artifact-limited multi-view projection unit as the corresponding effective eyebox. The effective eyeboxes from different artifact-limited multi-view projection units are connected in a circular pattern to form an expanded viewing area. Due to the orthogonal characteristic design, the light projected by each display unit does not enter non-corresponding effective eyeboxes, thereby achieving artifact-free 3D display with an expanded viewing area.

Description

Three-dimensional display system based on multi-view projection unit annular arrangement

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional image display, in particular to a three-dimensional display system based on annular arrangement of multi-view projection units.

Background

The projection device can suspend the projection information of the display device in air or other media to show suspension effect. In the process, compared with the condition that the display device displays a plane image, when the display device projects a three-dimensional (3D) scene, the suspension effect can be further enhanced under the addition of depth information. The display structure of the display device and the beam splitting grating can replace a conventional two-dimensional (2D) display device by the beam splitting guide of the beam splitting grating to the projection light of the display device, and the 3D suspension display can be realized by imaging the projection device in space. However, the existing 3D floating display of the display device, the beam-splitting grating and the projection device often faces two problems to be solved. The first problem, the limited numerical aperture of the projection device, severely limits the size of the viewing area. The second problem is that the existing 3D display structure of the display device and the light splitting grating is mainly based on the traditional stereoscopic vision technology to present a three-dimensional scene, two different views (i.e. monocular single images) are respectively projected to the eyes of an observer, and a three-dimensional sense is formed by utilizing space intersection of binocular views with corresponding depths, in the process, the eyes of the observer need to be focused on a display surface to see the respective corresponding views clearly, thereby causing inconsistency between focusing depth and binocular convergence depth, namely focusing-convergence conflict problem, which causes visual discomfort of the observer, and especially when near-eye display is performed, the bottleneck problem of obstructing popularization and application of the three-dimensional display is caused.

At present, in the aspect of projection devices for floating display, various optical structures such as a 'lens+reflecting surface' structure, a reflecting lens, a negative refractive index floating plate and the like have been designed or used for realizing 2D floating display. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional 2D floating optical structure using a transmissive lens as a projection device, where a display device 11C is imaged on I _11C by a projection device 20, and a viewing area can see a real image I _11C floating in air. Fig. 2 shows a reflective lens disposed obliquely with respect to the display device 11C as the projection device 20. Fig. 3, by means of a relay device 40, the projection device 20 is a coaxial reflective lens. The relay device 40 shown in fig. 3 may be a half-mirror, a polarizing beam splitter, or the like. Fig. 4 employs a planar projection device 20. For divergent light from a point P of a display unit, the planar projection device 20 converges the divergent light at a solid image point, such as a negative refractive index plate lens described in chinese patent application CN202310138976.4, in a direction opposite to the direction of reflection of each beam. In practice, various optical devices or optical structures that can image the display device 11C practically make it possible to realize floating display together with the display device 11C. This patent can use various optical structures that image to display device, builds display system.

Further, in fig. 1 to 4, or similar optical structures, the display device 11C may be replaced by a "display device+spectroscopic grating" optical structure for performing 3D display, for example, a multi-view projection unit 10C composed of the display device 11C and the spectroscopic grating 12C shown in fig. 5. In the structure shown in fig. 5, the lenticular lens grating is used as the grating unit of the spectroscopic grating 12C, and views displayed by different display unit groups of the display device 11C are respectively guided to respective corresponding viewpoints VP _1,、VP₂ and..based on the grating spectroscopic principle, so that multi-view projection is realized. Specifically, the adjacent display units U _i、…、U_i+8 are directed to the view points VP ₉、…、VP₁ via the optical centers O _j of the corresponding cylindrical lenses L _j, respectively, the adjacent display units U _i+9、…、U_i+17 are directed to the view points VP ₉、…、VP₁ via the optical centers O _j+1 of the corresponding cylindrical lenses L _j+1, respectively, and so on. the display unit group including the display unit, U _i、U_i+9, and the display unit projects a view to the viewpoint VP ₉ through different raster units, the display unit group including the display unit, U _i+1、U_i+10, and the display unit projects a view to the viewpoint VP ₈ through different raster units u _i+2、U_i+11, display unit groups, project views through different raster units to viewpoint VP ₇, and so on. In the present application, a display unit refers to a display structure having a minimum surface structure, for example, an independent sub-pixel in a conventional display screen, for example, an aperture (including an aperture with adjustable emission rate) for emitting light of different colors in time sequence under time sequence backlight irradiation, for example, a light emitting structure formed by stacking light emitting layers for emitting light of different colors, respectively, and the like. In fig. 5, each display unit projects noise to an area outside the eye box covered by the viewpoint VP ₉、…、VP₁ via a non-corresponding grating unit, for example, the display unit U _i+8 via a non-corresponding grating unit L _j+1. In the noise region outside the eye box, a distorted image of the target scene is received, known as an artifact. Often, in order to cover both eyes of an observer, the viewpoints VP ₉、…、VP₁ shown in fig. 5 are often spaced apart, each eye of the observer can only receive one view, 3D display is realized based on the conventional stereoscopic technology, and the problem of asthenopia caused by focus-convergence conflicts is faced. In order to overcome this problem, researchers have also proposed various technical solutions. For example, the virtual-view area display module proposed by CN202311441074.4 combines a projection device to form a real image of a display scene, or CN202410811366.0 combines a projection device to form a real image of a display scene by constructing a dense viewpoint only at both eyes of an observer, both of which can realize 3D suspension display without focus-convergence conflict through maxwell Wei Toushe (Maxwellian view) or/and a monocular multi-view technical path. However, even though the optical structures designed by the patents CN202311441074.4, CN202410811366.0, in combination with the projection device, achieve 3D hover, the limitations of the first problem described above are still faced.

In practice, 3D display is performed only by the result of "display device+spectroscopic grating", and the size of the observation area in which the viewpoint is constructed is extremely limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to design a three-dimensional display system based on annular arrangement of multi-view projection units, a plurality of display devices and light splitting gratings are designed to realize expansion of an observation area, artifact noise among different display device and light splitting grating structures is restrained through orthogonal characteristic design, 3D of a high-quality large observation area is realized, and meanwhile, the angle interval of light beams projected by any display light spot is designed, so that the problem of focus-convergence conflict is solved. And finally, realizing the true 3D display of the expansion of the observation area.

The invention provides a three-dimensional display system based on multi-view projection unit annular arrangement, which comprises:

the system comprises M artifact-limited multi-view projection units, wherein each artifact-limited multi-view projection unit comprises an orthogonal characteristic display device formed by the arrangement of display units and an orthogonal characteristic light splitting grating formed by the arrangement of grating units, wherein the orthogonal characteristic light splitting grating comprises at least N display unit groups, N display unit groups of the orthogonal characteristic display device respectively project images to N initial viewpoints, and the initial viewpoints form a first eye box of the artifact-limited multi-view projection unit, wherein a positive integer M is more than or equal to 1, and N is more than or equal to 2;

The display units of any display unit group are arranged on corresponding orthogonal characteristic display devices, O adjacent grating units of the orthogonal characteristic light splitting grating respectively only allow O orthogonal characteristic lights which are different from each other to pass through, wherein a positive integer O is more than or equal to 2, one grating unit is used for projecting the corresponding display units of light information to N initial viewpoints, only the orthogonal characteristic lights allowed to pass through by the grating units are projected, and any display unit of the orthogonal characteristic display devices is arranged so that the divergence angle of the emergent lights of the display units meets the following conditions that the emergent light intensity of the display units passing through the non-corresponding similar grating units is less than 8% of the emergent light intensity of the display units passing through the corresponding grating units;

wherein the similar grating units refer to grating units allowing light with the same orthogonal characteristic to pass through;

The control part is connected with the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units and can control each display unit to load light information along the propagation direction of light beams from the display unit and incident to the corresponding second eye boxes, and projection information of a scene to be displayed;

And M projection devices corresponding to the M artifact limited multi-view projection units one by one, wherein each projection device is used for receiving the projection light of the corresponding artifact limited multi-view projection unit, imaging the orthogonal characteristic display device to a display area, projecting the real image of the first eye box as the corresponding second eye box, and enabling each second eye box corresponding to the M artifact limited multi-view projection units to be spliced annularly to form an observation area, and receiving at least one light beam through the pupil of an observer arranged in the observation area and any display object point. In particular, the M artifact-limited multiview projection units are in signal connection with a control unit.

The scheme realizes the expansion of the observation area by designing the multi-view projection units to be annularly arranged. Meanwhile, by designing and arranging the display device with orthogonal characteristics and the multi-view projection unit with the beam splitting grating with limited component artifacts, the beam splitting grating which allows the light with mutually different orthogonal characteristics to pass through by the adjacent grating units respectively suppresses the artifacts formed by the fact that each display unit exits through the non-corresponding grating unit based on the orthogonal characteristics. Thereby facilitating three-dimensional display of a high quality large viewing area.

Preferably, there is an opaque region between the grating elements of the artifact-limited multiview projection elements. The opaque region may be used to adjust the clear aperture size of the grating unit.

Preferably, each artifact limited multi-view projection unit further comprises a diaphragm array formed by apertures, and each aperture of the diaphragm array is placed in one-to-one correspondence with each grating unit and used for regulating and controlling the clear aperture size of each grating unit.

Preferably, the grating unit of the orthogonal characteristic beam splitting grating is a device with a cylindrical lens function, or is a slit, or is a micro-nano device formed by micro-nano structures corresponding to the display units one by one.

Preferably, the orthogonal characteristic is a linear polarization characteristic with mutually perpendicular polarization directions, or a left-handed or right-handed spin polarization characteristic, or a color characteristic of different frequencies, or a time sequence characteristic activated at different time points, or a combination of the above partial characteristics.

Preferably, the projection devices have incident angle sensitivity characteristics, each projection device having a steering function only for light from a corresponding artifact-limited multiview projection unit.

Preferably, the three-dimensional display system based on the annular arrangement of the multi-view projection units further includes M relay devices corresponding to the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units, respectively, and the light projected by the corresponding projection devices by each artifact-limited multi-view projection unit is guided by the corresponding relay devices, and the light information is displayed in the display area.

Preferably, the three-dimensional display system based on the annular arrangement of the multi-view projection units further comprises a scanning device which is arranged in a display area and can adjust the angular position, the scanning device is used for scanning and reflecting projected light information from the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units in a time sequence at T time points of each time period to form M multiplied by T second eye boxes, wherein the M multiplied by T second eye boxes are spliced relative to the display area to form an observation area, and any display unit of the orthogonal characteristic display device is arranged in a way that the divergence angle of the emergent light of the display unit meets the condition that the emergent light intensity of each display unit through a non-corresponding similar grating unit is less than 8% of the emergent light intensity of the display unit through the corresponding grating unit.

Preferably, each aperture of the diaphragm array consists of S sub-apertures which respectively only allow S mutually different orthogonal characteristic lights to pass through, wherein S is more than or equal to 2.

Preferably, the orthogonal characteristic display device is a backlight type display device including a backlight unit.

More preferably, the backlight unit projects backlight to the orthogonal property display device in different directions.

Preferably, each artifact-limited multiview projection unit further comprises a diffuser for diffusing incident light along the grating unit length direction.

Preferably, the orthogonal property display unit is a static aperture having different light transmittance or reflectance.

Preferably, the orthogonal characteristic display unit is of a static structure and is formed by arranging a plurality of static apertures.

Preferably, the orthogonal characteristic beam splitting grating can be switched between two states with and without a beam splitting regulation function under the driving of the control part, so as to realize the conversion of 3D and 2D display.

Preferably, a medium with a refractive index greater than 1 is filled between the orthogonal property spectroscopic grating and the orthogonal property display device. The medium with the refractive index larger than 1 can be used for bonding the orthogonal characteristic light splitting grating and the orthogonal characteristic display device or adjusting the thickness of the orthogonal characteristic light splitting grating/orthogonal characteristic display device structure. More preferably, the medium is an optical cement layer. Specifically, the optical adhesive layer is formed of photoresist.

Preferably, the initial viewpoint is no more than 2 times the observer's pupil diameter with respect to the distance between adjacent images of the projection device in the second eye box.

The invention also provides the following scheme:

A three-dimensional display system based on an annular arrangement of multi-view projection units, comprising:

The system comprises M artifact-limited multi-view projection units, wherein each artifact-limited multi-view projection unit comprises an orthogonal characteristic display device formed by the arrangement of display units and an orthogonal characteristic light splitting grating formed by the arrangement of grating units, wherein the orthogonal characteristic display device comprises at least N display unit groups, reverse extension lines of the projection lights of the N display unit groups of the orthogonal characteristic display device are guided by the orthogonal characteristic light splitting grating to be converged to N points respectively to form initial virtual viewpoints, and the initial virtual viewpoints form an initial virtual eye box of the artifact-limited multi-view projection unit, wherein a positive integer M is more than or equal to 1, and N is more than or equal to 2;

the display units of any display unit group are distributed over the corresponding orthogonal characteristic display devices, and O adjacent grating units of the orthogonal characteristic light splitting grating respectively only allow O orthogonal characteristic lights which are different from each other to pass through, wherein a positive integer O is more than or equal to 2;

and, pass a grating unit, project the correspondent display element of the reverse extension line of the light beam to N initial virtual view points, only project the orthorhombic characteristic light that the grating unit allows to pass through;

The divergence angle of the emergent light of any display unit of the orthogonal characteristic display device is set to meet the following conditions that the emergent light intensity of the display unit through a non-corresponding similar grating unit is less than 8% of the emergent light intensity of the display unit through a corresponding grating unit;

The control part is connected with the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units and can control each display unit to load light information along the propagation direction of the light beams from the display unit and incident to the corresponding second eye boxes, so as to display the projection information of a scene to be displayed;

And M projection devices corresponding to the M artifact limited multi-view projection units one by one, wherein each projection device is used for receiving the projection light of the corresponding artifact limited multi-view projection unit, imaging a virtual image of an orthogonal characteristic display device to a display area, projecting a real image of an initial virtual eye box to be a corresponding second eye box, and enabling each second eye box corresponding to the M artifact limited multi-view projection units to be spliced annularly to form an observation area, and receiving at least one light beam through any display object point and any observer pupil arranged in the observation area. In particular, the M artifact-limited multiview projection units are in signal connection with a control unit.

The invention also provides the following scheme:

The image projection unit comprises an orthogonal characteristic display device formed by the arrangement of display units and an orthogonal characteristic light splitting grating formed by the arrangement of grating units, wherein the display units are divided into display unit blocks which are sequentially in one-to-one correspondence with the grating units along the arrangement direction of the grating units, and the positive integer M' is more than or equal to 2;

wherein, O adjacent grating units of the orthogonal characteristic beam splitting grating respectively only allow the mutually different O orthogonal characteristic lights to pass through, each grating unit only emits the orthogonal characteristic lights which the corresponding grating unit allows to pass through, wherein the positive integer O is more than or equal to 2;

The divergence angle of the emergent light of any display unit of the orthogonal characteristic display device is set to meet the following conditions that the emergent light intensity of the display unit is less than 8% of the emergent light intensity of the display unit through the corresponding grating units;

wherein the same kind of grating units refer to grating units allowing light with the same orthogonal characteristic to pass through;

And a control part connected with the M' artifact limited multi-parallel image projection units and used for controlling each display unit to load light information along the propagation direction of light beams emitted from the display unit through the corresponding grating units, and projecting information of a scene to be displayed. In particular, the M' artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection units are in signal connection with a control unit.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

The invention designs an artifact-limited display device + dichroic grating structure, referred to as an artifact-limited multiview projection unit. The method comprises the steps of constructing light-splitting gratings which allow light with different orthogonal characteristics to pass through adjacent grating units respectively, restraining artifacts formed by emergent light of each display unit through a non-corresponding grating unit based on the orthogonal characteristics, designing annular arrangement of different artifact-limited multi-view projection units, and realizing widening of an observation area through splicing of view points projected by the different artifact-limited multi-view projection units. Finally, combining with Max Wei Toushe or monocular multi-view technical route, overcoming focusing-convergence conflict and realizing high-quality 3D display based on multi-view projection unit annular arrangement.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional 2D floating optical structure using a transmissive lens as a projection device.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional 2D floating optics structure using a non-coaxial reflective lens as a projection device.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional 2D floating optical structure using a coaxial reflective lens as a projection device.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional 2D floating display optical structure in which a negative refractive index plate is a projection device.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical structure of a conventional multi-view projection unit based on grating light splitting.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of artifact noise faced by an annular arrangement of two conventional multi-view projection units.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of artifact-limited multiview projection unit artifact suppression taking the o=2 polarization characteristic as an example.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an annular arrangement of m=2 artifact-limited multiview projection units.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an annular arrangement of m=3 artifact-limited multiview projection units.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an artifact-limited multiview projection unit taking o=3 color characteristics as an example.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an artifact-limited multiview projection unit taking o=3 timing characteristics as an example.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an example of periodic arrangement of the cells with respect to the lenticular lens type grating cells.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing an example of non-periodic arrangement of the display units with respect to the lenticular lens type grating units.

Fig. 14 is another exemplary schematic diagram of a periodic arrangement of display units with respect to lenticular lens type grating units.

Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary artifact-limited multiview projection unit employing a temporal-specific sub-aperture.

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another artifact-limited multiview projection unit employing a temporal-specific sub-aperture.

Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary artifact-limited multiview projection unit employing a color-specific sub-aperture.

Figure 18 is an exemplary schematic diagram of an artifact-limited multiview projection unit employing directional backlight.

Figure 19 is a schematic spatial diagram of an artifact-limited multiview projection unit incident on a relay device from different sides.

Figure 20 is a schematic spatial diagram of an artifact-limited multiview projection unit ipsilateral injection relay device.

Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a case where only two projection devices spatially overlap each other in the case of m=3.

Fig. 22 is a schematic view of the optical structure of a display system incorporating a scanning device.

Figure 23 is a schematic optical structure diagram of an artifact-limited multiview projection unit real image overlay as a display region.

Figure 24 is a schematic optical structure of virtual images of an artifact-limited multi-view projection unit superimposed as a display region.

Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of the principle of generating an initial virtual eye box.

Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of a display system with a circular arrangement of artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection units.

Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of an artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit.

Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of a display system employing a curved orthogonal property display device.

Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of a display system with virtual eye boxes coincident for an artifact-limited multiview projection unit.

Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of a display system with an artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit with initial eye-boxes coincident.

Detailed Description

The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent, and certain components of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced in order to better explain the present embodiments, and do not represent the actual product size, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures, repetitive structures and descriptions thereof may be omitted in the drawings.

The invention constructs an artifact limited multi-view projection unit, utilizes the combination of orthogonal characteristic design or/and the restriction of the divergence angle of emergent light of the display unit to inhibit crosstalk caused by emergent light of each display unit through a non-corresponding grating unit, designs a plurality of artifact limited multi-view projection units to be annularly arranged, and generates the splice of an effective eye box through each artifact limited multi-view projection unit to realize the widening of an observation area. And can combine the 3D display technical design of the no focusing-convergence conflict, finally realize the true 3D display of the extended observation area. The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Example 1

In order to solve the problem of the limited numerical aperture of the projection device limiting the viewing angle, the annular arrangement illustrated in fig. 6 is designed. In fig. 6, m=2 multi-view projection units 10C and 10C' are schematically arranged in a ring, each of which displays a 3D scene, and each of which corresponds to a viewpoint to construct a first eye box 1 and a first eye box 2, which are also referred to as an initial eye box 1 and an initial eye box 2 in the present document. The 3D scene displayed by the respective projection devices 20 and 20', the multi-view projection units 10C and 10C' are projected to a display area centered on point O, their initial eyebox 1 and initial eyebox 2 are imaged as second eyebox 1 and second eyebox 2, also referred to herein as real eyebox 1 and real eyebox 2. The effective eye box 1 and the effective eye box 2 are designed to be spliced around the display area in a seamless manner, so that an extended observation area is formed. The splice may be a partially overlapping splice. At any place in the extended viewing area, a display scene in the display area can be received, and 3D floating display of the extended viewing area is realized. However, the presence of the noise region shown in fig. 5 results in that in fig. 6, the real eye box 1 receives the artifact projected by the multi-view projection unit 10C', and the real eye box 2 receives the artifact projected by the multi-view projection unit 10C. In the case where an artifact is present, as shown in fig. 6, the artifact in the observation area severely affects the display effect as noise by adopting the ring-like arrangement shown in fig. 6.

In order to achieve a 3D suspension of the expansion of the viewing area free from artefacts by an annular arrangement of multiple multi-view projection units, an artefact-limited multi-view projection unit 10 is further designed, as shown in fig. 7. The artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10 is composed of an orthogonal property display device 11 and an orthogonal property spectrograting 12. Based on the grating light splitting principle, the N display unit groups of the orthogonal characteristic display device 11 project images to N initial viewpoints, respectively, through the orthogonal characteristic light splitting grating 12. Fig. 7 exemplifies n=9, which n=9 initial viewpoints constitute the initial eye box of the artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10. the positive integer N >1. Specifically, the adjacent display units U _i、…、U_i+8 are directed to the view points VP ₉、…、VP₁ via the optical centers O _j of the corresponding cylindrical lenses L _j, respectively, the adjacent display units U _i+9、…、U_i+17 are directed to the view points VP ₉、…、VP₁ via the optical centers O _j+1 of the corresponding cylindrical lenses L _j+1, respectively, and so on. The display units projecting light information to one viewpoint constitute a corresponding display unit group, the display units of which are arranged throughout the orthogonal property display device 11. Namely, the display unit group composed of the display units..once again, U _i、U_i+9, and..once again, the view is projected to the viewpoint VP ₉ through the different raster units, the display unit group composed of the display units..once again, U _i+1、U_i+10, and..once again, the view is projected to the viewpoint VP ₈ through the different raster units, and the display unit..once again, the view is projected to the viewpoint VP ₈ through the different raster units u _i+2、U_i+11, display unit groups, project views through different raster units to viewpoint VP ₇, and so on. In order to suppress the noise shown in fig. 5, the spectroscopic grating 12 and the display device 11 of fig. 7 are each designed to have orthogonal characteristics, which are referred to as an orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating 12 and an orthogonal characteristic display device 11, respectively. Wherein, O of the orthogonal characteristic beam splitting grating 12 is more than or equal to 2 adjacent grating units, only O kinds of orthogonal characteristic light are allowed to pass through respectively in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and one grating unit blocks other non-corresponding orthogonal characteristic light from passing through. The term "blocking" as used herein does not mean that light emitted from one display unit is 100% blocked by a non-homogeneous grating unit, but means that light emitted from any non-homogeneous grating unit is used as noise, and the noise is "blocked" within the allowable range of display effect. Or the "blocking" means that the light intensity emitted by any display unit through a non-corresponding similar grating unit is less than 8% of the light intensity emitted by the corresponding grating unit, or a smaller percentage value for better noise suppression. This explanation applies to the following examples of this patent. Each grating unit corresponds to a display unit, and only the orthogonal characteristic light allowed to pass through the grating unit is projected. Specifically, grating unit L _j in fig. 7 only allows "·" light to pass, its corresponding display unit U _i、…、U_i+8 only projects "·" light, grating unit L _j+1 only allows "-" light to pass, its corresponding display unit U _i+9、…、U_i+17 only projects "-" light, grating unit L _j+2 only allows "·" light to pass, its corresponding display unit U _i+18、…、U_i+26 only projects "·" light, and so on. In fig. 7, exemplary "·" and "-" refer to two linear polarization characteristics, or two left-handed and right-handed polarization characteristics, with the polarization directions perpendicular to each other. Fig. 7 illustrates a lenticular lens as an example of a grating unit, which is called a lenticular lens type grating unit. The device with the function of the cylindrical lens can be used as a cylindrical lens type grating unit, such as a plano-convex cylindrical lens, a hyperboloid cylindrical lens, a plane cylindrical lens adopting refractive index change materials, an ultra-structured surface cylindrical lens and the like. They are arranged along the x-direction to form an orthogonal characteristic spectrograting 12. Under the design rule, any display unit can not emit light through the non-similar grating units. Non-homogeneous grating units refer to grating units that allow light of different orthogonal characteristics to emerge, respectively. For example, the display unit U _i+9 corresponds to the grating unit L _j+1, and the emitted light cannot be emitted through the non-similar grating unit L _j+2、L_j. The phrase "unable to exit through the non-homogeneous grating unit" or "unable to exit through the non-homogeneous grating unit L _j+2、L_j" does not mean that a display unit emits light, 100% of which cannot pass through the non-homogeneous grating unit, but means that the display unit projects light, and the light emitted through any non-homogeneous grating unit is used as noise, and the noise is within the allowable range of the display effect, or means that any display unit emits light intensity through any non-homogeneous grating unit, which is less than 8% of the light intensity emitted through the corresponding grating unit, or a smaller percentage value for better noise suppression effect. this explanation applies to the following examples of this patent.

In the case of the cyclic arrangement of m=o artifact-limited multiview projection units, crosstalk of the artifact to the effective eye box can be effectively suppressed by only O orthogonal characteristics. As in fig. 8, m=2 is taken as an example. M=2 artifact-limited multiview projection units 10 and 10 'are imaged via respective corresponding projection devices 20 and 20', respectively, to a display region centered at point O. The display scenes they project are also located in the display area near their images I ₁₀ and I _10'. In fig. 8, the display area on the xz plane is represented by a circular curve, which does not mean that the display area on the xz plane is necessarily circular. Meanwhile, the projection devices 20 and 20' also image their initial eyebox 1 and initial eyebox 2 as an actual eyebox 1 and actual eyebox 2, respectively. The effective eye boxes 1 and 2 are designed to be spliced in the circumferential direction relative to the display area or relative to the O point, so that an extended observation area is formed. At this time, o=m=2, and as illustrated in fig. 7, no artifact occurs in all of the m=2 effective eye boxes. Note that in the present document, due to the arrangement of the orthogonal characteristics, any display unit emits light, which is blocked by a non-homogeneous grating unit. The "blocking" is not a 100% blocking in a strict sense, but refers to "blocking" of noise within a display effect allowable range after the non-similar grating unit is incident and emitted as noise, or refers to that the emitted light intensity of any display unit through the non-similar grating unit is less than 8% of the emitted light intensity through the corresponding grating unit, or a smaller percentage value for better noise suppression effect. This explanation applies to the following examples of this patent.

Between adjacent grating elements, light-non-transmissive regions may be provided, such as the light-non-transmissive region 121 between the grating elements shown in fig. 7. The opaque region may be used to adjust the clear aperture size of the grating unit. Alternatively, a diaphragm array 122 consisting of apertures may be additionally provided for adjusting the clear aperture size of each grating unit. The size of each aperture may be invariable or may be adjustable by the control unit 30, for example, a liquid crystal type aperture. The orthogonal characteristic of each grating unit may be a lenticular lens type grating unit which itself has, for example, a super-surface structure, and may itself have o=2 polarization orthogonal characteristics, or may be realized by an attachment structure, for example, a polarizer is attached to each lenticular lens type grating unit to realize the polarization orthogonal characteristic. The type of attachment structure is herein referred to as part of the grating unit and its associated orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating 12, and is not separately identified. The orthogonal characteristic display device 11 may display the orthogonal characteristic of the display unit, and the display unit itself may be provided with the same, or may be realized by an attachment structure. Similarly, the type of attachment structure, which is referred to herein as part of the display unit and its associated orthogonal property display device 11, is not separately identified.

The control part 30 is in signal connection with the M artifact-limited multiview projection units 10, and controls each display unit to load light information along the propagation direction of the light beam from the display unit entering the corresponding effective eye box, so as to display the projection information of the scene. If one display unit only emits monochromatic light, the display unit loads light information, namely the monochromatic component of the projection information of the scene to be displayed along the propagation direction of the light beam from the display unit and incident to the corresponding effective eye box. Then, in the extended viewing area, or in the vicinity thereof, the observer may receive the display scene, enabling 3D display. When the distance between the images of the corresponding projection devices is small enough, for example, less than 1 time of the pupil diameter of an observer, the initial viewpoint projected by each artifact limited multi-view projection unit passes through any display object point, and one observer eye in the extended observation area can receive at least two light beams, so that 3D display overcoming focus-convergence conflict is realized based on a monocular multi-view technical path. A technical path of monocular multiview, also commonly referred to as a supermultiview display. Under the condition, at least two light beams passing through each display object point are incident into any pupil of an observer along different sagittal directions, the at least two light beams with different sagittal directions are overlapped in space to form an overlapped light spot, and when the light intensity distribution at the overlapped light spot has enough traction advantage relative to the light intensity distribution of the emergent light beams of each light beam on the two-dimensional image display surface, eyes of the observer can be drawn to be naturally focused on the overlapped light spot, so that the focusing-converging conflict problem is overcome. When the pupil diameter of the observer is smaller than 2 times, considering the divergence angle of the light emitted by each display unit through the corresponding grating unit, one observer eye in the extended observation area may also receive at least two light beams through any display object point. When it is larger than the observer pupil diameter, it is also possible to achieve a focus-convergence conflict resolution based on maxwell Wei Toushe (Maxwellian view). In the process of Max Wei Toushe, only one light beam with a small divergence angle is projected to each eye of an observer through any display object point, and the light intensity gradient of the light beam with the small divergence angle along the propagation direction is smaller, so that under the coupling driving effect of the binocular convergence effect on monocular focusing, the focus of each eye of the observer can be pulled to a space display scene, thereby overcoming focusing-convergence conflict and realizing consistency of monocular focusing depth and binocular convergence depth. In the above process, the simultaneous existence of maxwell Wei Toushe and supermultiple view display may also occur, that is, only one pupil of the observer is incident on one beam at some of the display object points, and more than one pupil is incident on the observer at other display object points.

In fig. 8, when m=2, and o=2, for example, as shown in fig. 7, there is no crosstalk of artifacts in each effective eye box. When M > O, an artifact of an artifact-limited multiview projection unit may enter the viewing area as noise via a non-corresponding like grating element. In this case, the size of the divergence angle of the light emitted from each display unit can be restricted, thereby suppressing such noise. Fig. 9 exemplifies m=3. At this time, if each artifact-limited multiview projection unit of fig. 9 is similar to fig. 7, o=2 orthogonal characteristics are employed. At this time, m= 3>O =2, and the range of the emergence angle of the projected light of each display unit needs to be designed to avoid artifact noise. Taking any display unit U _i+9 as an example, the corresponding grating unit is L _j+1, and the maximum exit angle θ _max is limited by the light-transmitting area of the nearest non-corresponding similar gratings L _j-1 and L _j+3, where the emitted light just does not enter. The term "non-incident" does not mean 100% non-incident in a strict sense, but means that a display unit projects light, and after the light is incident on a non-corresponding type of grating unit and exits as noise, the noise is "non-incident" within a permissible range of display effects. Or means that the emergent light intensity of any display unit through the non-corresponding similar grating units is less than 8% of the emergent light intensity of the display unit through the corresponding grating units, or a smaller percentage value for better noise suppression effect. This explanation applies to the following examples of this patent. The raster unit L _j+3 is not shown in fig. 7, but its spatial position can be clearly determined to be adjacent to the raster unit L _j+2 in the x-direction according to the naming convention of the raster unit names in the figure. Obviously, the exit angle of the arbitrary display unit U _i+9 may be smaller than the θ _max. The maximum exit angles corresponding to different display units may be different, but the actual exit angles of all display units may take the same value, which is smaller than the respective maximum exit angles. Obviously, even in the case of m=o, the size of the divergence angle of the outgoing light of each display unit can be restrained to suppress crosstalk of the artifact to the effective eye box, and even to avoid occurrence of the artifact.

Fig. 7 exemplifies o=2. Obviously, O may take a larger value, for example, o=3 color characteristics as shown in fig. 10. Specifically, the adjacent display units U _i、…、U_i+8 emit only R (red) light, respectively, via the optical centers O _j of the corresponding cylindrical lenses L _j that allow only R light to pass through, are directed to the view point VP ₉、…、VP₁, the adjacent display units U _i+9、…、U_i+17 emit only G (green) light, respectively, via the optical centers O _j+1 of the corresponding cylindrical lenses L _j+1 that allow only G light to pass through, are directed to the view point VP ₉、…、VP₁, respectively, the adjacent display units U _i+18、…、U_i+26 emit only B (blue) light, respectively, via the optical centers O _j+2 of the corresponding cylindrical lenses L _j+2 that allow only B light to pass through, are directed to the view point VP ₉、…、VP₁, and so on. Only a part of the display units are shown in the figure, and the serial numbers of other display units can be determined according to the serial number naming rule of the display units. the display units project views to the viewpoint VP ₉ via different raster units, respectively, the display units project views to the viewpoint VP ₈ via different raster units, respectively, the display units project views to the viewpoint VP ₉ via different raster units, respectively, the display units project views to the viewpoint VP 3535 via different raster units, respectively U _i+2、U_i+11, projection of views to viewpoint VP ₇ via different raster units, respectively, and so on. Obviously, other color characteristics besides R, G, B can be selected, or more types of colors can be selected as orthogonal characteristics, so long as the selected color characteristics can be mutually identified. In the case of M > O, similarly, it is necessary to restrict the size of the divergence angle of the outgoing light of each display unit, and suppress noise due to artifacts.

Figure 11 shows an artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10 employing o=3 timing characteristics. Specifically, in any one of the time periods t to t+Δt, o=3 different time periods, each of the adjacent o=3 grating units is allowed to pass light by the aperture array 122 sequentially only one. Grating elements separated by O-1 = 2 grating elements while allowing light to pass are similar grating elements having the same orthogonal characteristics. The display unit corresponding to each grating unit is activated and loaded with corresponding light information only in the period of time when the grating unit allows light to pass. Obviously, O may also take on a larger value. When M > O, the size of the divergence angle of the emergent light of each display unit is restricted, and noise caused by artifacts is avoided.

The orthogonal characteristic may be other characteristics that can be identified with each other, i.e. one grating unit may only allow light of the corresponding orthogonal characteristic to pass through, and block light of other non-corresponding orthogonal characteristics. The "blocking" is not an absolute blocking of 100%, and means a "blocking" in which transmitted light acts as noise and the effect on display quality is within a tolerance range. The actually selected orthogonal characteristics may be possible combinations of the various orthogonal characteristics described above.

In fig. 7, 10 and 11, the arrangement of the grating units corresponding to the display units may be periodic or aperiodic. Fig. 12 shows a periodic arrangement. In this case, corresponding to any lenticular lens type grating unit, M two-dimensional adjacent display units constitute one display unit group, and adjacent display unit groups appear strictly periodically along the axis of the grating unit. Specifically, the grating unit L _j of fig. 12 is taken as an example. In fig. 12, the display units are arranged along x ', y', and the lenticular lens type grating units are arranged along x. M=9 display units U _i、U_i+1、U_i+2、U_i+3、…、U_i+8 form a display unit group corresponding to the raster unit L _j, and the display unit U' _i、U'_i+1、U'_i+2、U'_i+3、…、U'_i+8 is an adjacent display unit group corresponding to the raster unit L _j, which is repeated. The display unit group formed along the y-direction optical axis O _jO'_j,U_i、U_i+1、U_i+2、U_i+3、…、U_i+8 of the grating unit L _j can be completely overlapped with the display unit group formed by U' _i、U'_i+1、U'_i+2、U'_i+3、…、U'_i+8 through a certain displacement. The displacement superposition rule is applicable to all display unit groups corresponding to the same grating unit, and the arrangement is called periodic arrangement. In this case, among the different display unit clusters corresponding to the same grating unit, the display units having the same relative position, for example, the display units U _i and U' _i belonging to the different display unit clusters in fig. 12, have the same optical axis distance from the corresponding grating unit, and the light beams projected through the optical axes of the grating units can be converged at the same point, that is, the corresponding viewpoint, without being limited in the longitudinal direction along the lenticular lens type grating unit. Fig. 7, 10, and 11 each show a display unit U _i、U_i+1、U_i+2、U_i+3、…、U_i+24 and a display unit group shown in the x-direction in the figure, and actually show a plurality of display unit groups shown in fig. 12, and the display units of the display unit groups are two-dimensionally distributed on the orthogonal characteristic display device 11.

Fig. 13 shows an example of the non-periodic arrangement. In this case, M two-dimensional adjacent display units corresponding to any lenticular lens type grating unit constitute one display unit group, and the adjacent display unit groups do not have strict periodicity along the axis of the lenticular lens type grating unit. Specifically, the grating unit L _j in fig. 13 is taken as an example. In fig. 13, the display units are arranged along x ', y', and the lenticular lens type grating units are arranged along x. M=9 display units U _i、U_i+1、U_i+2、U_i+3、…、U_i+8 constitute one display unit group, and display unit U' _i、U'_i+1、U'_i+2、U'_i+3、…、U'_i+8 constitutes an adjacent one display unit group, and so on. The display cell group formed along the optical axis O _jO'_j,U_i、U_i+1、U_i+2、U_i+3、…、U_i+8 of the grating unit L _j cannot be completely overlapped with the display cell group formed by the U' _i、U'_i+1、U'_i+2、U'_i+3、…、U'_i+8 by displacement along the optical axis O _jO'_j of the grating unit L _j, and such an arrangement is called an aperiodic arrangement. in this case, in different display unit clusters corresponding to the same grating unit, display units having the same relative positions, for example, display units U _i and U' _i in fig. 13, are different from optical axis O _jO'_j of grating unit L _j, and light rays projected through the optical axis of the grating unit may not be strictly converged at the same point along the alignment direction of the grating unit. In this case, the loading of the information of each display unit may be any light ray direction from the display unit to the corresponding effective eye box light beam through the corresponding grating unit, or the light information of the scene to be displayed may be preset M view points along the arrangement direction of the grating units, where any display unit projects light rays through the optical axis of the corresponding grating unit and intersects with the corresponding effective eye box, the display unit selects the preset view point closest to the intersection point as its corresponding view point, and the loaded image is light rays from the display unit to the selected corresponding view point through the corresponding grating unit, where the projected light information of the scene to be displayed is obtained. In the latter case, the information loaded by each display unit may be multiplied by a factor having the intersection and the corresponding viewpoint distance as variables, according to the actual display effect.

The periodic arrangement shown in fig. 12 is such that the two alignment directions of the display units and the alignment direction of the grating units are different. In the case shown in fig. 14, one arrangement direction of the display units may coincide with the arrangement direction of the grating units. In fig. 14, the grating unit and the display unit are each arranged along x. Adjacent display units along the y direction are arranged in a certain dislocation along the x direction, so that any display unit group is ensured to contain adjacent display units distributed in two dimensions, and therefore, the uniform display resolution is obtained along the two dimensions. Similarly, in the case of fig. 14, the arrangement of the grating units corresponding to the display units may be periodic or non-periodic. In the above figures, the display unit is shown as square. In practice, the display unit may be of various shapes, for example rectangular sub-pixels in a conventional RGB display may be used as one display unit. And different kinds of display units on one orthogonal property display device 11 may have different shapes or sizes, such as a sub-pixel Pentile array screen, delta array screen, pearl array screen, diamond, etc. In fact, various displays existing, or appearing in the future, such as active light-emitting type, passive light-emitting type, or such as OLED panel, microLED panel, liquid crystal panel, etc., may be selected as the orthogonal characteristic display device where the orthogonal characteristic can be given thereto. In addition, in the case of using the orthogonal characteristic display device 11 of the backlight type display device, if the backlight projected by the backlight unit 70 is incident to the orthogonal characteristic display device 11 through the orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating 12, and then reflected and modulated by the display device 11, and then the modulated light is emitted and displayed through the orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating 12, it is necessary that the orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating 12 has insensitivity to the incident backlight, for example, a hologram device, a super surface device, or the like having angle selectivity to the orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating 12 does not perform spectroscopic modulation to the incident backlight, or the incident backlight is modulated through the orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating 12, but the influence on the display quality is within an allowable range.

The aperture of the diaphragm array 122 may be composed of S≥2 sub-apertures which allow only S kinds of orthogonal characteristic light to pass through, respectively. As illustrated in fig. 15, adjacent m=2 grating units are given orthogonal properties of "·" and "-" respectively. In the diaphragm array 122, the aperture corresponding to any one of the grating units is composed of s=2 sequential characteristic sub-apertures, and is denoted by (t) and (t+Δt/2), respectively. Specifically, a grating unit L _j that allows only light to pass through corresponds to two timing-specific sub-apertures SA _j (t) and SA _j (t+Δt/2), a grating unit L _j+1 that allows only light to pass through corresponds to two timing-specific sub-apertures SA _j+1 (t) and SA _j+1 (t+Δt/2), a grating unit L _j+2 that allows only light to pass through corresponds to two timing-specific sub-apertures SA _j+2 (t) and SA _j+2 (t+Δt/2), and the like. Only the orthogonal characteristic light allowed to pass through by each grating unit is emitted for each display unit of each grating unit, and for clarity, the orthogonal characteristic of each display unit is not labeled in fig. 15. The time sequence characteristic sub-aperture marked (t) is opened in the time period of t-t+delta t/2 of any time period t-t+delta t, and the time sequence characteristic sub-aperture marked (t+delta t/2) is opened in the time period of t+delta t/2~t +delta t of any time period t-t+delta t. Specifically, taking the timing characteristic sub-apertures SA _j (t) and SA _j (t+Δt/2) corresponding to the grating unit L _j as an example, when the timing characteristic sub-aperture SA _j (t) is opened, a corresponding display unit U _i+3 projects light through the timing characteristic sub-aperture, then modulated by the grating unit L _j, and projects light information to the initial viewpoint VP ₆ along the path SA _j(t)VP₆, which is equivalent to the P _t point on the orthogonal characteristic display device 11, and when the timing characteristic sub-aperture SA _j (t+Δt/2) is opened, the display unit U _i+3 projects light through the timing characteristic sub-aperture, then modulated by the grating unit L _j, and then projects light information to the initial viewpoint VP ₆ along the path SA _j(t+Δt/2)VP₆, which is equivalent to the P _t+Δt/2 point on the orthogonal characteristic display device 11. Where the point P _t is the intersection of the reverse extension of the path SA _j(t)VP₆ and the orthogonal property display device 11, and the point P _t+Δt/2 is the intersection of the reverse extension of the path SA _j(t+Δt/2)VP₆ and the orthogonal property display device 11. Obviously, the beams from the same display unit via different sub-apertures may not converge at the same point of view. For example, the display unit is located on the focal plane corresponding to the lenticular lens type grating unit, and at this time, the light beams from the same display unit through different sub-apertures respectively cross different points on the surface of the initial eye box, namely correspond to different viewpoints. Specifically, as shown in fig. 16, the display unit U _i+3 intersects the surface of the initial eye box at a point VP ₆ (t) through the time sequence characteristic sub-aperture SA _j (t) and the corresponding grating unit L _j, and the display unit U _i+3 intersects the surface of the initial eye box at a point VP ₆ (t+Δt/2) through the time sequence characteristic sub-aperture SA _j (t+Δt/2) and the corresponding grating unit L _j, in which case, the introduction of the orthogonal characteristic sub-aperture is equivalent to increasing the initial viewpoint density. The above procedure is equally applicable to the other grating units. Then, due to the introduction of the sub-aperture of the timing characteristic, the resolution of the corresponding image of each initial viewpoint is improved, or the initial viewpoint density is improved. In this document, the initial viewpoint and the display unit are not necessarily in an object-image relationship, but are illuminated by the lenticular lens type grating unit. Adjacent sub-apertures of the same aperture may not overlap or may overlap.

In the example of fig. 17, adjacent m=2 grating units are given orthogonal properties of "·" and "-", respectively. In the diaphragm array 122, the apertures corresponding to any one of the grating units are each composed of s=3 color-specific sub-apertures, respectively denoted by the subscripts R (red light), G (green light), and B (blue light). Specifically, the grating unit L _j that allows only light to pass through corresponds to s=3 color-specific sub-apertures SA _jR、SA_jG and SA _jB, the grating unit L _j+1 that allows only light to pass through corresponds to s=3 color-specific sub-apertures SA _j+1R、SA_j+1G and SA _j+1B, the grating unit L _j+2 that allows only light to pass through corresponds to s=3 color-specific sub-apertures a _j+2R、SA_j+2G and SA _j+2B, and so on. And only the orthogonal characteristic light allowed to pass through by the grating unit is emitted to the display unit corresponding to each grating unit. The color-specific sub-aperture of subscript band R allows only R to pass, the color-specific sub-aperture of subscript band G allows only G to pass, and the color-specific sub-aperture of subscript band B allows only B to pass. This color characteristic sub-aperture design is particularly suitable for an orthogonal characteristic display device 11 where a single display element emits colored light. For example, the display unit is an aperture with adjustable light transmittance, and time sequence projection of RGB color light is realized by R, G, B time sequence backlight incidence, or the display unit is composed of a laminated structure, and each laminated layer emits R, B, G light with controllable intensity respectively. Specifically, the color-specific sub-apertures SA _jR、SA_jG and SA _jB corresponding to the grating unit L _j are taken as an example. The corresponding display unit U _i+3 for emitting color light projects R light information, after being modulated by the color characteristic sub-aperture SA _jR and then by the grating unit L _j, along the path SA _jRVP₆ to the initial viewpoint VP ₆ equivalent to the P _R point on the orthogonal characteristic display device 11, projects G light information, after being modulated by the color characteristic sub-aperture SA _jG and then by the grating unit L _j, along the path SA _jGVP₆ to the initial viewpoint VP ₆ equivalent to the P _G point on the orthogonal characteristic display device 11, projects B light information, after being modulated by the color characteristic sub-aperture SA _jB and then by the grating unit L _j, to the initial viewpoint VP ₆ equivalent to the P _B point on the orthogonal characteristic display device 11. Where point P _R is the intersection of the reverse extension of path SA _RVP₆ and the orthogonal property display device 11, point P _G is the intersection of the reverse extension of path SA _GVP₆ and the orthogonal property display device 11, and point P _B is the intersection of the reverse extension of path SA _BVP₆ and the orthogonal property display device 11. Similar to fig. 16, light with different color characteristics from the same display unit may also respectively intersect with the initial eye box at different initial viewpoints through different sub apertures, thereby increasing initial viewpoint density. The above procedure is equally applicable to the other grating units. Then, due to the introduction of the color-specific sub-aperture, the resolution of the corresponding image of each initial viewpoint is increased, or the initial viewpoint density is increased. Fig. 17 is a diagram of a display unit that emits light of another color, for example R, G, B. The display units may be arranged based on various arrangements.

By sub-aperture design, the resolution of the display image or the initial viewpoint density can be improved. This object can also be achieved with directional backlights. At this time, the orthogonal characteristic display device is a backlight type display device, and the backlight unit 70 provides different backlights in different directions. When backlight in different directions is incident, the modulated projection light of each display unit is emitted through different parts of the corresponding grating unit aperture, and the different parts can be equivalent to sub apertures in different positions, so that the display resolution or the initial viewpoint density can be improved based on similar principles. As illustrated in fig. 18, adjacent m=2 grating units are given orthogonal properties of "·" and "-" respectively, for example. In two time periods of t-t+Δt/2 and t+Δt/2~t +Δt of any time period t-t+Δt, the backlight unit 70 projects the directional backlight in two directions, direction 1 and direction 2, respectively. Then, in the time period of t to t+Δt/2, the backlight of one display unit U _i+3 is incident along the direction 1, and after being modulated, the backlight is continuously incident along the direction 1 to the corresponding grating unit L _j, and is projected to the initial eye box along the path 1' through the partial area PA _j (t) of the grating unit L _j. In the period of t+Δt/2~t +Δt, the backlight of the display unit U _i+3 is modulated, and then continuously enters the corresponding grating unit L _j along the direction 2, passes through the partial area PA _j (t+Δt/2) of the grating unit L _j, and finally is projected to the initial eye box along the path 2'. In consideration of diffraction effects, the backlight of one display unit U _i+3 is incident in the direction 1, exits through a partial area PA _j (t) of the grating unit L _j, which partial area PA _j (t) may be equivalent to one sub-aperture, and the backlight of one display unit U _i+3 is incident in the direction 2, exits through a partial area PA _j (t+Δt/2) of the grating unit L _j, which partial area PA _j (t+Δt/2) may be equivalent to the other sub-aperture. The two partial regions may not overlap or may overlap partially. Thus, similar to fig. 15, an increase in resolution of the image corresponding to each initial viewpoint, or an increase in initial viewpoint density is achieved. Obviously, the method of directional backlight is also applicable to the cases shown in fig. 16 and 17. In the case of fig. 17, however, the backlight in different directions, because of R, G, B lights respectively, is modulated by the display unit respectively, and can be incident at the same time. Of course, the R-direction backlight of more than one direction, the G-direction backlight of more than one direction, and the B-direction backlight of more than one direction may be used for time sequence incidence, and the resolution of the image corresponding to each initial viewpoint may be better improved and the initial viewpoint density may be better improved by combining time division multiplexing and color multiplexing. The combination of time division multiplexing and color multiplexing can be similarly generalized to the compounding of more orthogonal characteristics. The directional backlight shown in fig. 18 may have a high parallelism in the arrangement direction of lenticular lens type grating elements, and may be a backlight of a different direction of divergent light in the long direction of lenticular lens type grating elements. Or a parallel direction backlight whose projection backlight is modulated by the display unit and is diffused significantly only in the longitudinal direction of the lenticular lens type grating unit by the attached diffusion sheet 71. The diffusion sheet 71 has a one-dimensional diffusion function. The position of the diffusion sheet 71 may be set as desired, for example, at the position Po ₁、Po₂ or Po ₃ of fig. 18. All structures that can provide a similar backlight can be used as the backlight unit 70. Obviously, the sub-aperture design, the directional backlight design, or the directional backlight and the diffusion sheet design can also be applied to a 'display device and a beam-splitting grating' optical structure without orthogonal characteristics. For example, the method is applied to a structure of a display device and a grating device described in chinese patent CN202010258846.0, a structure of a display device and a virtual area generating device described in chinese patent CN202311441074.4, a structure of a display device and a real area generating device described in chinese patent CN202410811366.0, a structure of a display device and a spectroscopic grating device described in chinese patent CN202520710072.9, a structure of a display unit array and a spectroscopic grating described in chinese patent CN202410611327.6, or a structure of a display unit array and a spectroscopic grating described in chinese patent CN 202410611327.6.

In the structure shown in fig. 8, the M artifact-limited multiview projection units 10 project images to overlapping display regions, and simultaneously realize the circumferential concatenation of the corresponding effective eye boxes, which may cause spatial conflicts or spatial interference between the respective corresponding projection devices. To avoid such collisions or disturbances, it is possible to design projection devices 20 with incident angle sensitivity characteristics, each projection device 20 having a modulating function only for light from a corresponding artifact-limited multiview projection unit and no imaging function for light information from other non-corresponding artifact-limited multiview projection units in other directions. For example, a projection device that implements an imaging function with a super-structured surface, or a projection device that functions as an image with a holographic grating, etc.

Alternatively, relay device 40 may be separately incorporated into each artifact-limited multiview projection unit. Fig. 19 shows a reflection surface as a relay device, which is called a reflection relay device 40. The reflective surface may also be a semi-transparent semi-reflective surface. In fig. 19, the artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10 and the projection device 20 corresponding to the reflective relay device 40 are located below the xz plane, and the artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10 'and the projection device 20' corresponding to the reflective relay device 40 'are located above the xz plane, thereby avoiding interference between the projection devices 20 and 20'. However, at the same time, the relay devices 40 and 40' may be spatially staggered, for example, two semi-reflective semi-transmissive surfaces formed by cutting, coating, and bonding the same glass. Because of the different orientations of relay devices 40 and 40', light from artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10 will also propagate away from the display area at the O-point if non-corresponding relay device 40' is incident, and light from artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10' will also propagate away from the display area at the O-point if non-corresponding relay device 40 is incident, thereby avoiding interaction.

In fig. 9, m=3 projection devices interfere with each other. At this time, if the reflective relay devices are introduced, the artifact-limited multiview projection units and the projection devices corresponding to at least two reflective relay devices come from the same side. For example, as shown in fig. 20, the artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10″ and the projection device 20″ corresponding to the reflective relay device 40″ and the artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10' and the projection device 20' corresponding to the reflective relay device 40' are from the same side. The image limited multiview projection unit 10 and the projection device 20 corresponding to the reflective relay device 40 come from the other side, and the reflective relay device 40, the image limited multiview projection unit 10 and the projection device 20 are not shown in fig. 20 for clarity of illustration. At this time, it is possible to design the transmission directions of the projection light of the artifact limited multiview projection unit 10″ and the artifact limited multiview projection unit 10 'so that the vertical angles with respect to the xz plane are greatly different, and the projection light of the artifact limited multiview projection unit 10' is prevented from entering the display region through the non-corresponding relay device 40″ and the projection light of the artifact limited multiview projection unit 10″ is prevented from entering the display region through the non-corresponding relay device 40 'while the mutual influence of the projection devices 20″ and 20' is prevented. Meanwhile, when M >2, there may be a case where only two adjacent projection devices interfere with each other, as shown in fig. 21.

Fig. 22 incorporates a scanning device 50. At this point m=1 artifacts limited multiview projection unit 10, its real image I ₁₀ is projected onto the scanning device 50 via projection device 20. The image of the initial eye box is used as the effective eye box. The position of the corresponding active eye box will vary with the angular position of the scanning device 50. At this point, the scanning device 50 at different angular positions at different times will generate different effective eye boxes at T >1 different angular positions. By means of the scanning device 50, an extended viewing area is formed of the active eye boxes at different angular positions. For example, when the scanning device 50 is rotated to the angular position 1, the effective eye box 1 is formed, and when it is rotated to the angular position 2, the effective eye box 2 is formed. This process is repeated at high speed, and based on visual retention, widening of the observation area can be achieved in cases where the real eye box 1 and the real eye box 2 can achieve continuous angular coverage of the O-point. In practice, similar to the structure shown in fig. 8,9, 20, it is also possible to put it on the scanning device 50 functioning as a rotating platform, with time-series multiplexing by rotation, to achieve projection of mxt real-world eye boxes. Similar to the structures shown in fig. 8,9, and 20, may or may not rotate synchronously with the scanning device 50. The scanning device can have no reflection function, but has a function of rotating to realize time sequence multiplexing. Meanwhile, reasonable design can overcome the spatial conflict and mutual interference of the diameters of projection devices through the time sequence multiplexing. For example, fig. 21 retains only projection device 20″ and projection device 20', and its corresponding artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10″ and artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10'. When they are rotated to another angular position, the projection device 20″ is rotated to the angular position of the projection device 20 in fig. 21 and the corresponding light information projection is performed, so that the spatial collision and mutual interference of the projection device 20″, the projection device 20' and the projection device 20 in the case of fig. 21 can be avoided while ensuring that the observation area is continuous.

Light may be projected into scanning device 50 by one artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10 or light may be projected by more than one artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10 simultaneously into scanning device 50. For example, setting the scanning device 50 at point O of fig. 20, the projected light information from m=2 artifact-limited multiview projection units, time-sequential scanning, reflects, forms m×t effective eye boxes. At T time points of each time period, the time-series scanning reflection of the projected light information from the M artifact-limited multiview projection units will form M x T effective eye boxes. In the case of introducing the scanning device 50, any display unit of the orthogonal characteristic display device 11 is characterized in that the divergence angle of the outgoing light thereof is limited to avoid its incidence into the observation area via the non-corresponding grating unit. The term "avoiding" does not mean 100% avoidance as well as "avoiding" in which the light intensity of the light incident on the observation area through the non-corresponding grating unit is within the allowable range of the display quality as noise.

In a display system incorporating the scanning device 50, an eye tracking device 60 may also be incorporated, as shown in fig. 22. The tracking coverage of the observation area to the observer is achieved by projecting the real-time eye boxes only to the observer position, based on the observer position fed back in real time by the eye tracking device 60. It is even possible to provide for generating more than one, discretely arranged viewing areas to cover more than one viewer, respectively.

In the present embodiment, each of the drawings described above uses a transmissive lens as the projection device 20. The projection device 20 may also be the device shown in fig. 2-4. Often, the combination of a transmissive lens and a reflective surface may also be replaced with an equivalent reflective lens.

In the present embodiment, each of the above-described figures is exemplified by a cylindrical lens type orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating. The grating unit of the orthogonal characteristic beam splitter grating 12 may also be other structures, such as slits, or micro-nano devices formed by micro-nano structures corresponding to the display units one by one. In the micro-nano device, each micro-nano structure comprises a micro-structure with wavelength magnitude dimension, and the micro-nano structure is used for modulating emergent light of a corresponding display unit and pulling the emergent light to propagate to a corresponding initial viewpoint. The orthogonal characteristic beam splitter 12 may be driven by the control unit 30 to switch between a state with and a state without beam splitter control, so as to switch between 3D and 2D display. A medium, for example, a photoresist for bonding the orthogonal property spectroscopic grating 12 and the orthogonal property display device 11 to each other or a medium for adjusting the refractive index of the region between the orthogonal property spectroscopic grating 12 and the orthogonal property display device 11 may be filled between the orthogonal property spectroscopic grating 12 and the orthogonal property display device 11.

The orthogonal property display device 11 may also be a static device. For example, each display element is a static aperture having a corresponding gray-scale light transmittance, wherein the gray-scale of each display element may take on various possible values, such as only binary gray-scales 0 and 1, or multiple gray-scales. Or each display element is composed of a plurality of apertures, the number of which, together with the light transmittance, modulates the light intensity value of the display element, in which case the light transmittance of any aperture may be various possible values and the static display element will no longer be the smallest facet structure.

In the present document, when a display unit emits monochromatic light, it loads light information, which is the monochromatic component of projection information of a scene to be displayed along the propagation direction of a light beam from the display unit incident on a corresponding effective eye window.

Each of the projection devices projects real images of each corresponding artifact-limited multiview projection unit overlapping the display region, as shown in fig. 23. It is also possible that virtual images of the projection unit from which each artifact is limited overlap the display region, as in fig. 24. For simplicity and clarity of illustration, fig. 23 and 24 each take m=2 as an example. In fig. 24, to obtain real images of the initial eye box (so as to be spliced into an observation area) of each projection artifact-limited multi-view projection unit, the initial eye box may be designed as a virtual eye box, specifically referred to as an initial virtual eye box. Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of the generation of an initial virtual eye box, which is guided by the corresponding orthogonal characteristic spectrograting 12, and on the orthogonal characteristic display device 11, the reverse extension lines of the N display unit groups projected lights are converged to form N initial virtual viewpoints, and the initial virtual viewpoints form the initial virtual eye box of the artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10. specifically, fig. 25 exemplifies n=6. The adjacent display units U _i、…、U_i+5 emitting "-" light are directed to the virtual viewpoint VVP ₁、…、VVP₆ respectively via the optical centers O _j-1 of the corresponding cylindrical lenses L _j-1 allowing only "-" light to pass, the adjacent display units U _i+6、…、U_i+11 emitting "·" light are directed to the virtual viewpoint VVP ₁、…、VVP₆ respectively via the optical centers O _j of the corresponding cylindrical lenses L _j allowing only "·" light to pass, and so on. The display units..once again, U _i、U_i+6, and..once again, each project images to the virtual view VVP ₁ via a different raster unit, the display units..once again, U _i+1、U_i+7, and.onceagain, each project a suitcase to the virtual view VVP ₂ via a different raster unit, and so on. The corresponding display unit group of the light information is projected to one viewpoint, and the display units thereof are arranged throughout the orthogonal property display device 11. Wherein, O of the orthogonal characteristic beam splitting grating 12 is more than or equal to 2 adjacent grating units, only O orthogonal characteristic lights are allowed to pass through in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and one grating unit blocks other non-corresponding (O-1) orthogonal characteristic lights from passing through. Each grating unit corresponds to a display unit, and only the orthogonal characteristic light allowed to pass through the grating unit is projected.

Similarly, when O < M, the light emitted from any display unit of the orthogonal display device 11 is characterized in that the divergence angle is limited, so as to avoid the light emitted from the display unit from entering the O-th grating unit beside the corresponding grating unit, i.e. to avoid entering the non-corresponding similar grating unit. The term "avoiding" does not mean 100% avoidance as well as "avoiding" in which the light intensity of the light incident on the observation area through the non-corresponding grating unit is within the allowable range of the display quality as noise. The artifact-limited multiview projection unit that projects the original virtual eyebox may be fully substituted for the artifact-limited multiview projection unit described in the previous figures of fig. 23. Various relevant designs and features of the artifact-limited multiview projection unit described in the previous figures of fig. 23, such as opaque regions 121 between raster units, aperture arrays 122, relay devices 40, orthogonal feature sub-apertures, static structure display units, time-sequential incident directional backlights, scanning devices 50, devices and designs where more than one beam of light is incident on each pupil at the point of the display object, etc., may also be applied to the artifact-limited multiview projection unit and its system for projecting an initial virtual eyebox. The control unit 30 controls each display unit to load light information, which is projection information of a scene to be displayed, along a propagation direction of a light beam from the display unit incident on the corresponding effective eye box. And all the M artifact limited multi-view projection units correspond to each effective eye box, and the display areas are spliced to form an observation area.

The above-mentioned annular arrangement does not necessarily mean circular arrangement, but may also mean arrangement along a non-circular surrounding path.

Example 2

In the above-described embodiment 1, the projection device 20 is designed to project an image of an artifact-limited multi-view projection unit to a display area. In practice, a 3D display with an extended viewing area can also be implemented by circular arrangement, directly using a "display device+spectroscopic grating" structure with orthogonal properties. In this embodiment, the "display device+spectral grating" structure having orthogonal characteristics is named as an artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit 100. The plurality of artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection units are arranged along a circular orbit centered on O _R. Fig. 26 exemplifies an m=3 artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit 100 including an orthogonal characteristic display device 11 and an orthogonal characteristic spectrograting 12, an artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit 100' including an orthogonal characteristic display device 11' and an orthogonal characteristic spectrograting 12', and an artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit 100″ including an orthogonal characteristic display device 11″ and an orthogonal characteristic spectrograting 12″. Obviously more artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection units may be placed, even covering the entire track completely, to achieve a 360 deg. display. Fig. 26 only exemplifies m=3 for clarity. In any artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit, the display unit is divided into display unit blocks corresponding to the grating units one by one in sequence along the arrangement direction of the grating units, wherein O is more than or equal to 2 adjacent grating units respectively allow only O orthogonal characteristic lights which are different from each other to pass through, and each display unit only emits the orthogonal characteristic lights which are allowed to pass through by the corresponding grating units of the display unit blocks. Taking the artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit 100 as an example, adjacent o=2 raster units only allow "·" and "-" to pass, respectively. The display cell blocks B _j、B_j+2 corresponding to the grating units L _j、L_j+2 that allow only "·" light to pass therethrough emit only "·" light, and the display cell blocks B _j-1、B_j+1、B_j+3 corresponding to the grating units L _j-1、L_j+1、L_j+3 that allow only "-" light to pass therethrough emit only "-" light. in fig. 26, each of the orthogonal characteristic spectrogratings is shown to include only a small number of grating units for clarity of illustration. The divergence angle of the emergent light of each display unit is limited so as to ensure that the projected light of the display unit does not enter the non-corresponding similar grating units except the corresponding grating units of the display unit. Among them, the grating units allowing the light of the same orthogonal characteristic to pass through are called like grating units. The term "non-incident" as used herein does not mean 100% of non-incident light, but means light intensity incident on a non-corresponding grating of the same type and transmitted, which is used as noise to affect the display effect within an allowable range, or means that the light intensity emitted from any display unit through the non-similar grating unit is less than 8% of the light intensity emitted from the corresponding grating unit, or a smaller percentage value for better noise suppression effect. In particular, as shown in the display unit U _i+15 in fig. 27, the maximum divergence angle range of the outgoing light is θ _max, so as to ensure that the outgoing light does not enter the non-corresponding similar grating units L _j-1 and L _j+3. In fig. 26, if the aperture array 122 is present, the maximum divergence angle range of the outgoing light of the u _i+15 is θ _max, so as to ensure that the outgoing light does not enter the apertures of the non-corresponding similar grating units L _j-1 and L _j+3. In fig. 26, adjacent O raster units belonging to two adjacent artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection units are optimally designed to correspond to different O orthogonal characteristics, respectively.

The respective orthogonal property display devices 11 and the corresponding orthogonal property spectroscopic gratings 12 may be equal in size along the circumferential direction of the track. At this time, in the same artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit 100, the display units located at the same relative position on each display unit block emit light through the corresponding grating units, and ideally are parallel to each other, i.e. they form a parallel image. This is also the reason for what is known as an artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit.

The dimensions of each orthogonal characteristic display device 11 and the corresponding orthogonal characteristic grating unit 12 may also be unequal, for example they cover the same opening angle to the center O _R. In fig. 26, a lenticular type grating unit is taken as an example, and in this case, in the plane shown in fig. 26, the center of any one grating unit, the corresponding display unit block information, and the center O _R are optimal on a straight line. In other embodiments, M' may be taken as 2 ". In practice, the positive integer M 'is not less than 2, and the specific value of M' can be set in the range according to the requirement.

In fig. 26 and 27, the orthogonal property display device is a plane. Each of the orthogonal property display devices may also be curved. As illustrated in fig. 28, the display units of the respective orthogonal property display devices are arranged exactly along a circular track. At this time, the grating units of each orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating are also circumferentially arranged around the center O _R. In the plane shown in fig. 28, the center of any grating unit, the corresponding display unit block, and the center O _R are on a straight line. In fig. 28, when M is sufficiently large, all display units can just constitute one lenticular screen. The control unit 30 controls each display unit to load light information, which is projection information of a scene to be displayed along a propagation direction of a light beam emitted from the display unit through the corresponding grating unit. The various designs and features described above for the artifact-limited multi-view projection unit, such as the opaque region 121 between the raster units, the aperture array 122, the relay device 40, the orthogonal feature sub-aperture, the static structure display unit, the directional backlight for time-sequential incidence, the scanning device 50 (including the scanning device 50 acting as a rotating platform), the device and design that more than one beam of light is incident on each pupil at the point of the object to be displayed, can also be applied to the artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit and its system of this embodiment. Similarly, the orthogonal state characteristic is not limited to the line bias characteristic. The circular track in fig. 26 may be a non-circular track. In this embodiment, the display unit arrangement shown in fig. 14 may be the periodic arrangement described in embodiment 1 or the non-periodic arrangement. In this embodiment, the orthogonal characteristic is exemplified by the line bias characteristic. Obviously, other various orthogonal characteristics may also be employed.

In the above embodiments, the display areas are overlapped by the annular arrangement of different artifact-limited multi-view projection units or artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection units, and the observation area is extended by splicing. In practice, it is also possible to design each artifact-limited multiview projection unit or artifact-limited multiview image projection unit to project light information to overlapping viewing areas. At this point, the display scene will surround the overlapping viewing area. Fig. 29 shows m=2 artifact-limited multiview projection units 10 and 10', in which the projected real eye boxes 1 and 1' overlap each other to form an observation region by corresponding projection devices 20 and 20', respectively. The design of artifact-limited multi-view projection units 10 and 10' in their virtual images I ₁₀ and I _10', in which the displayed scenes are tiled, allows for viewing of larger angles of view in overlapping virtual boxes. Obviously, M may take on a larger value. Fig. 29 exemplifies an "orthogonal characteristic display device + orthogonal characteristic grating + projection device" optical structure that generates a virtual image of an artifact-limited multiview projection unit, which is also generalized for an "orthogonal characteristic display device + orthogonal characteristic grating + projection device" optical structure that generates an actual image of an artifact-limited multiview projection unit, such as the "orthogonal characteristic display device + orthogonal characteristic grating + projection device" optical structure shown in fig. 24. Figure 30 is a system diagram of a plurality of artifact-constrained multi-parallel image projection units arranged along a trajectory around point O _R and displaying a scene to a viewing region at the center of the trajectory. Fig. 30 shows only the orthogonal property display device 11 and the orthogonal property spectrograting 12 of one artifact-limited multiview projection unit 10. Other artifact-limited multiview projection units are arranged in a similar fashion around O _R to display a scene to a viewing area at the center of the orbit. The system can realize an immersive 3D viewing of a certain visual angle and even 360 degrees. In the case of fig. 29 or 30, if the artifact does not enter the viewing area, the orthogonal feature design described above would be removed by being inactive.

It is apparent that the above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. This can be achieved. And thus not exhaustive of all embodiments. For example, the projection device, the relay device, and the like may each employ various possible optical devices or structures. The structures described in this patent may also be combined with other devices or methods described in other patents. In fact, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention, the basic method is to increase the information bandwidth of the whole system by the annular arrangement of the multiple "display device+spectroscopic grating" structures with orthogonal characteristics, and on the premise of suppressing crosstalk caused by artifacts, the information bandwidth is included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional display system based on a ring-shaped arrangement of multiple view projection units, comprising:

M artifact-limited multi-view projection units (10), each artifact-limited multi-view projection unit (10) comprising: an orthogonal characteristic display device (11) composed of an arrangement of display units and an orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating (12) composed of an arrangement of grating units, the orthogonal characteristic display device (11) comprising at least N display unit groups via the orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating (12), the N display unit groups of the orthogonal characteristic display device (11) respectively projecting images to N initial viewpoints, the initial viewpoints constituting a first eyebox of the artifact-limited multi-view projection unit (10), wherein the positive integers M ≥ 1, N ≥ 2;

The display units of any display unit group are arranged in a corresponding orthogonal characteristic display device (11), and the O adjacent grating units of the orthogonal characteristic spectral grating (12) only allow O kinds of mutually different orthogonal characteristic light to pass through, wherein the positive integer O ≥ 2,

Moreover, through a grating unit, the corresponding display unit of the N initial viewpoints projects light information, and only projects the orthogonal characteristic light allowed to pass through the grating unit.

Furthermore, any display unit of the orthogonal characteristic display device (11) is configured so that the divergence angle of its emitted light satisfies the following conditions: the intensity of the light emitted from the display unit through a non-corresponding grating unit of the same type is less than 8% of the intensity of the light emitted from the display unit through a corresponding grating unit;

Wherein, the same type of grating units refer to grating units that allow light with the same orthogonal characteristics to pass through;

a control unit (30) connected to the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units (10), the control unit (30) being capable of controlling each display unit to load light information, namely, projection information of a scene to be displayed along a propagation direction of a light beam from the display unit incident on the corresponding second eye box;

M projection devices (20) corresponding one to one with the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units (10), each projection device (20) is used to receive projection light from the corresponding artifact-limited multi-view projection unit (10), can form an orthogonal characteristic display device (11) to a display area, project the real image of its first eye box as the corresponding second eye box, and make: the second eye boxes corresponding to the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units are annularly spliced to form an observation area, and, through any display object point, the pupil of an observer placed in the observation area can receive at least one light beam.

2. The three-dimensional display system based on a ring-shaped arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1, characterized in that a light-proof area (121) exists between each grating unit of each artifact-limited multi-view projection unit (10).

3. The three-dimensional display system based on a ring-shaped arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the artifact-limited multi-view projection units (10) further comprises an aperture array (122) composed of apertures, and each aperture of the aperture array (122) is placed in a one-to-one correspondence with each grating unit to adjust the light-transmitting aperture size of each grating unit.

4. The three-dimensional display system based on a ring-shaped arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1 is characterized in that the grating units of the orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating (12) are devices with cylindrical lens functions, or slits, or micro-nano devices composed of micro-nano structures that correspond one-to-one to the display units.

5. The three-dimensional display system based on a circular arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1, characterized in that the orthogonal characteristics are linear polarization characteristics with mutually perpendicular polarization directions, or left-handed or right-handed polarization characteristics, or color characteristics of different frequencies, or timing characteristics activated at different time points, or a combination of some of the above characteristics.

6. The three-dimensional display system based on a circular arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection device (20) has an incident angle sensitivity characteristic, and each projection device (20) only has a control function for light from the corresponding artifact-limited multi-view projection unit (10).

7. The three-dimensional display system based on a ring-shaped arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1 is characterized in that it further comprises M relay devices (40) corresponding to the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units (10), wherein the light projected by each artifact-limited multi-view projection unit (10) via the corresponding projection device (20) is guided by the corresponding relay device (40) to display light information in the display area.

8. The three-dimensional display system based on a circular arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a scanning device (50) disposed in the display area and capable of adjusting an angular position, for sequentially scanning and reflecting the projection light information from the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units (10) at T time points in each time period to form M × T second eye boxes;

The M × T second eyeboxes are connected relative to the display area to form an observation area.

Furthermore, any display unit of the orthogonal characteristic display device (11) is configured so that the divergence angle of its emitted light satisfies the following condition: the intensity of light emitted from each display unit through a non-corresponding grating unit of the same type is less than 8% of the intensity of light emitted from the corresponding grating unit.

9. The three-dimensional display system based on a ring-shaped arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 3, characterized in that each aperture of the aperture array (122) is composed of S sub-apertures that only allow S types of light with different orthogonal characteristics to pass through, where S ≥ 2.

10. The three-dimensional display system based on a circular arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1, characterized in that the orthogonal characteristic display device (11) is a backlight type display device including a backlight unit (70).

11. The three-dimensional display system based on a circular arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 10, characterized in that the backlight unit (70) projects backlight toward the orthogonal characteristic display device (11) in different directions.

12. The three-dimensional display system based on a ring-shaped arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 11, characterized in that each artifact-limited multi-view projection unit further comprises a scattering plate (71) for scattering incident light along the length direction of the grating unit.

13. The three-dimensional display system based on a circular arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1, wherein the orthogonal characteristic display units are static apertures with different transmittances or reflectances.

14. The three-dimensional display system based on a circular arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1, wherein the orthogonal characteristic display unit is a static structure composed of a plurality of static apertures arranged.

15. The three-dimensional display system based on a circular arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1 is characterized in that the orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating (12) is driven by the control unit (30) to switch between two states: having a spectroscopic control function and not having a spectroscopic control function, so as to realize the conversion between 3D and 2D display.

16. The three-dimensional display system based on a ring-shaped arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1, characterized in that a medium with a refractive index greater than 1 is filled between the orthogonal characteristic beam splitting grating (12) and the orthogonal characteristic display device (11).

17 . The three-dimensional display system based on annular arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 16 , wherein the medium is an optical adhesive layer.

18. The three-dimensional display system based on a circular arrangement of multi-view projection units according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the initial viewpoint and adjacent images of the projection device (20) in the second eye box is no more than twice the diameter of the observer's pupil.

19. A three-dimensional display system based on a ring-shaped arrangement of multi-view projection units, comprising:

M artifact-limited multi-view projection units (10), each artifact-limited multi-view projection unit (10) comprising: an orthogonal characteristic display device (11) composed of an arrangement of display units and an orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating (12) composed of an arrangement of grating units, the orthogonal characteristic display device (11) comprising at least N display unit groups, the reverse extension lines of the projection light of the N display unit groups of the orthogonal characteristic display device (11) being guided by the orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating (12) and respectively converging to N points to form initial virtual viewpoints, the initial virtual viewpoints constituting an initial virtual eye box of the artifact-limited multi-view projection unit (10), wherein the positive integers M ≥ 1, N ≥ 2;

The display units of any one display unit group are distributed over the corresponding orthogonal characteristic display device (11), and the O adjacent grating units of the orthogonal characteristic spectral grating (12) only allow O different orthogonal characteristic lights to pass through, wherein the positive integer O ≥ 2;

Furthermore, through a grating unit, the reverse extension line of the light beam is projected to the corresponding display units of the N initial virtual viewpoints, and only the orthogonal characteristic light allowed to pass through the grating unit is projected;

Furthermore, any display unit of the orthogonal characteristic display device (11) is set so that the divergence angle of the emitted light satisfies the following conditions: the intensity of the light emitted from the display unit through a non-corresponding grating unit of the same type is less than 8% of the intensity of the light emitted from the display unit through the corresponding grating unit;

A control unit (30) connected to the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units (10) is capable of controlling each display unit to load light information, which is projection information of a scene to be displayed along a propagation direction of a light beam from the display unit incident on the corresponding second eye box;

M projection devices (20) corresponding one to each of the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units (10), each projection device (20) being used to receive projection light from the corresponding artifact-limited multi-view projection unit (10), being able to form a virtual image of its orthogonal characteristic display device (11) onto a display area, projecting a real image of its initial virtual eye box as a corresponding second eye box, and enabling: each second eye box corresponding to the M artifact-limited multi-view projection units to be annularly spliced to form an observation area, and, through any display object point, any observer pupil placed in the observation area can receive at least one light beam.

20. A three-dimensional display system based on a ring-shaped arrangement of multi-view projection units, comprising:

M' artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection units (100) are arranged along a circular track with OR as _the center, each artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection unit (100) comprising: an orthogonal characteristic display device (11) composed of an arrangement of display units and an orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating (12) composed of an arrangement of grating units, the display unit being divided into display unit blocks corresponding to each grating unit in sequence along the arrangement direction of the grating units, wherein the positive integer M' ≥ 2;

wherein O adjacent grating units of the orthogonal characteristic spectroscopic grating (12) respectively allow only O different orthogonal characteristic lights to pass through, and each grating unit only emits the orthogonal characteristic light allowed to pass through by the corresponding grating unit, wherein the positive integer O ≥ 2;

Furthermore, any display unit of the orthogonal characteristic display device (11) is set so that the divergence angle of the emitted light satisfies the following conditions: the intensity of the emitted light of the display unit passing through a non-corresponding grating unit of the same type is less than 8% of the intensity of the emitted light passing through the corresponding grating unit;

A control unit (30) connected to the M' artifact-limited multi-parallel image projection units (100) controls each display unit to load light information, which is projection information of a scene to be displayed along the propagation direction of a light beam emitted from the display unit through a corresponding grating unit.