Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide a high performance composite material with high wear resistance and high toughness.
The second aim of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the high-performance composite material, which has simple preparation process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The high-performance composite material comprises, by weight, 80-90 parts of nylon resin, 20-30 parts of POK resin, 5-10 parts of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 0.1-0.3 part of antioxidant, 3-8 parts of flame retardant, 0.05-1 part of lubricant, 15-21 parts of filler and 20-30 parts of glass fiber.
Further, the nylon resin is PA66.
Further, the preparation process of the filler is as follows:
(1) Adding sodium carbonate into a manganese nitrate solution to perform stirring reaction, and aging at room temperature after the reaction is completed to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) Adding pretreated diatomite into water, then adding the diatomite into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) for heating reaction, aging at room temperature after the reaction is finished, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain a diatomite compound;
(3) Adding the diatomite compound in the step (2) into toluene containing a silane coupling agent, stirring, filtering, washing and drying after stirring is finished, and thus obtaining the filler.
Further, in the step (1), the dosage ratio of the sodium carbonate to the manganese nitrate solution is 1g (50-100) mL, the concentration of the manganese nitrate solution is 0.2-0.5mol/L, the temperature of the stirring reaction is 60-70 ℃, the stirring reaction time is 1-2h, and the aging time is 46-50h.
Further, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the pretreated diatomite to the mixed solution is 1 (10-20), the temperature of the heating reaction is 60-70 ℃, the heating reaction time is 4-6h, and the aging time is 22-26h.
The preparation process of the pretreated diatomite includes adding diatomite into nitric acid of 3-5mol/L concentration, stirring to react, washing the product to neutrality, calcining and sieving.
Further, the temperature of the stirring reaction is 60-70 ℃, the stirring reaction time is 6-9h, the calcining temperature is 450-550 ℃, the calcining time is 0.5-1.5h, and the sieving mesh number is 300-500 mesh.
Further, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the diatomite compound to the silane coupling agent is 1 (0.05-0.1), the silane coupling agent is isopropyl triethoxysilane, the stirring temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the stirring time is 1-3 hours.
Further, the antioxidant is antioxidant 168 or antioxidant 1010, the flame retardant is melamine cyanurate, and the lubricant is pentaerythritol stearate or polyethylene wax.
The preparation method of the high-performance composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing and premixing the raw materials according to the weight portion ratio, and obtaining the high-performance composite material through melting, extruding, cooling, granulating and drying.
Further, the pre-mixing time is 3-5min, and the temperature range of each temperature zone of the melt extrusion is 210-235 ℃.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the filler obtained by the invention is matched with hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane for use, so that the wear resistance and toughness of the composite material can be improved. This is probably due to the increased internal pore structure of the pretreated diatomaceous earth, and the stability and wear resistance of the material can be improved by using manganese nitrate solution for strut modification. And then the surface of the material is modified by using a silane coupling agent, so that on one hand, the compatibility of the filler in the base material can be improved, and on the other hand, the silane coupling agent and the hydroxyl of the hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane can form an ester bond, so that the toughness of the material is improved.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with certain preferred embodiments, and it is not to be construed that the invention is limited to such embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention. The specific conditions not specified in the examples were carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional products obtained from commercial sources.
The nylon resin involved in the examples of the present invention and comparative examples was PA66.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-performance composite material which comprises, by weight, 85 parts of nylon resin, 22 parts of POK resin, 7 parts of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 168.2 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of melamine cyanurate, 0.08 part of pentaerythritol stearate, 19 parts of filler and 22 parts of glass fiber.
The preparation method of the filler comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sodium carbonate into a manganese nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.3mol/L according to the dosage ratio of 1g to 80mL of the sodium carbonate solution to react for 1.5h at 65 ℃ under stirring, and aging for 48h at room temperature after the reaction is completed to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) Adding diatomite into nitric acid with the concentration of 4mol/L, stirring and reacting for 7 hours at 65 ℃, washing the product to be neutral after the reaction is completed, calcining for 1 hour at 500 ℃, and sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated diatomite, adding the pretreated diatomite into water according to the mass ratio of the pretreated diatomite to the mixed solution of 1:15, then dropwise adding the pretreated diatomite into the mixed solution of the step (1), heating and reacting for 5 hours at 65 ℃, aging for 24 hours at room temperature after the reaction is completed, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain a diatomite compound;
(3) Adding the diatomite compound in the step (2) into toluene containing the propyltriethoxysilane isocyanate according to the mass ratio of the diatomite compound to the propyltriethoxysilane isocyanate of 1:0.07, stirring for 2 hours at 65 ℃, filtering, washing and drying after the stirring is finished, and obtaining the filler, wherein an SEM (scanning electron microscope) diagram of the filler is shown in figure 1.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-performance composite material, which comprises the following steps:
The raw materials are weighed according to the weight proportion and premixed for 4min, then the raw materials are put into a double-screw extruder for melt blending and extrusion granulation, the screw speed of the double-screw extruder is 300 revolutions per minute, the temperatures of all temperature areas of the extruder are respectively 1 area 220 ℃,2 area 235 ℃,3 area 235 ℃,4 area 235 ℃,5 area 210 ℃,6 area 210 ℃, 7 area 210 ℃,8 area 210 ℃, 9 area 210 ℃ and machine head 230 ℃, and the vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high-performance composite material which comprises, by weight, 90 parts of nylon resin, 30 parts of POK resin, 10 parts of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 0.3 part of antioxidant 1010, 8 parts of melamine cyanurate, 1 part of polyethylene wax, 21 parts of filler and 30 parts of glass fiber.
The preparation method of the filler comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sodium carbonate into a manganese nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L according to the dosage ratio of 1g to 100mL of the sodium carbonate solution, stirring and reacting for 1h at 70 ℃, and aging for 50h at room temperature after the reaction is completed to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) Adding diatomite into nitric acid with the concentration of 5mol/L, stirring and reacting for 6 hours at 70 ℃, washing the product to be neutral after the reaction is completed, calcining for 0.5 hour at 550 ℃, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated diatomite, adding the pretreated diatomite into water according to the mass ratio of the pretreated diatomite to the mixed solution of 1:20, then dropwise adding the pretreated diatomite into the mixed solution of the step (1), heating and reacting for 4 hours at 70 ℃, aging for 26 hours at room temperature after the reaction is completed, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain a diatomite compound;
(3) Adding the diatomite compound in the step (2) into toluene containing the isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane according to the mass ratio of the diatomite compound to the isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane of 1:0.1, stirring for 1h at 70 ℃, and filtering, washing and drying after stirring is finished to obtain the filler.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-performance composite material, which comprises the following steps:
weighing and premixing the raw materials according to the weight proportion for 5min, then putting the raw materials into a double-screw extruder, carrying out melt blending and extrusion granulation to obtain the high-performance composite material, wherein the screw speed of the double-screw extruder is 300 revolutions per minute, the temperatures of all temperature areas of the extruder are respectively 1 area 220 ℃,2 area 235 ℃,3 area 235 ℃,4 area 235 ℃,5 area 210 ℃, 6 area 210 ℃,7 area 210 ℃,8 area 210 ℃, 9 area 210 ℃ and machine head 230 ℃, and the vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high-performance composite material which comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 80 parts of nylon resin, 20 parts of POK resin, 5 parts of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 0.1 part of antioxidant 168, 3 parts of melamine cyanurate, 0.05 part of polyethylene wax, 15 parts of filler and 20 parts of glass fiber.
The preparation method of the filler comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sodium carbonate into a manganese nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L according to the dosage ratio of 1g to 50mL of the sodium carbonate solution, stirring at 60 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, and aging at room temperature for 46 hours after the reaction is completed to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) Adding diatomite into nitric acid with the concentration of 3mol/L, stirring and reacting for 9 hours at 60 ℃, washing the product to be neutral after the reaction is completed, calcining for 1.5 hours at 450 ℃, sieving with a 300-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated diatomite, adding the pretreated diatomite into water according to the mass ratio of the pretreated diatomite to the mixed solution of 1:10, then dropwise adding the pretreated diatomite into the mixed solution of the step (1), heating and reacting for 6 hours at 60 ℃, aging for 22 hours at room temperature after the reaction is completed, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain a diatomite compound;
(3) Adding the diatomite compound in the step (2) into toluene containing the isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane according to the mass ratio of the diatomite compound to the isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane of 1:0.05, stirring for 3h at 60 ℃, and filtering, washing and drying after stirring is finished to obtain the filler.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-performance composite material, which comprises the following steps:
Weighing and premixing the raw materials according to the weight proportion for 3min, then putting the raw materials into a double-screw extruder, carrying out melt blending and extrusion granulation to obtain the high-performance composite material, wherein the screw speed of the double-screw extruder is 300 revolutions per minute, and the temperatures of all temperature areas of the extruder are respectively 1 area 220 ℃,2 area 235 ℃,3 area 235 ℃,4 area 235 ℃,5 area 210 ℃, 6 area 210 ℃,7 area 210 ℃,8 area 210 ℃, 9 area 210 ℃ and machine head 230 ℃, and the vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the filler was replaced with diatomaceous earth, and the remainder was the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the filler was prepared in a different manner from example 1.
The preparation process of the filler of the comparative example is as follows:
(1) Adding diatomite into nitric acid with the concentration of 4mol/L, stirring at 65 ℃ for reaction for 7 hours, washing the product to be neutral after the reaction is completed, calcining at 500 ℃ for 1 hour, and sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated diatomite;
(2) Adding the pretreated diatomite obtained in the step (1) into toluene containing the propyltriethoxysilane at 65 ℃ according to the mass ratio of the pretreated diatomite to the propyltriethoxysilane at 1:0.07, stirring for 2 hours, and filtering, washing and drying after stirring is finished to obtain the finished product.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was replaced with polydimethylsiloxane, with the remainder being the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was omitted and the remainder was the same as in example 1.
The properties of the materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 according to the present invention will be described below.
Mechanical Property testing the mechanical properties of the composites prepared in examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-4 were tested according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, wherein notched impact strength was referenced to ASTM D256, tensile strength was referenced to ASTM D638, flexural modulus was referenced to ASTM D790, and the results of the specific tests are shown in Table 1.
Abrasion resistance test the friction coefficients of the composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were tested according to GB/T3960-2016, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from an examination of Table 1, the composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 have excellent toughness and abrasion resistance.
Comparative example 1, in which the filler was replaced with diatomaceous earth, comparative example 2, in which the preparation method of the filler was adjusted, comparative example 3, in which the hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was replaced with polydimethylsiloxane, and comparative example 4, in which the hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was omitted, resulted in a composite having reduced wear resistance and toughness. The results show that the filler obtained by the invention is matched with the hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane to be used, so that the wear resistance and toughness of the composite material can be improved. This is probably due to the fact that the internal pore structure of the pretreated diatomite is increased, and the manganese nitrate solution is used for carrying out strut modification, so that the stability and the wear resistance of the material can be improved. The silane coupling agent is utilized to modify the surface of the material, so that on one hand, the compatibility of the filler in the base material can be improved, and on the other hand, the silane coupling agent and the hydroxyl of the hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane can form an ester bond, so that the toughness of the material is improved.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. While the basic principles and main features of the present invention have been described above with specific embodiments, modifications or substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention as claimed.