CN120816323A - A single-station rotary table drilling and tapping machine tool - Google Patents
A single-station rotary table drilling and tapping machine toolInfo
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- CN120816323A CN120816323A CN202511065810.XA CN202511065810A CN120816323A CN 120816323 A CN120816323 A CN 120816323A CN 202511065810 A CN202511065810 A CN 202511065810A CN 120816323 A CN120816323 A CN 120816323A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/15—Devices for holding work using magnetic or electric force acting directly on the work
- B23Q3/154—Stationary devices
- B23Q3/1543—Stationary devices using electromagnets
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool, which relates to the technical field of machine manufacturing, and aims to automatically identify workpiece materials by means of a matrix Hall sensor, enable an electromagnetic clamping mode for magnetically conductive materials, quickly clamp by utilizing a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet in combination with an electromagnetic coil, switch non-magnetically conductive materials to a mechanical clamping mode, realize closed loop control by utilizing a strain gauge to feed back clamping force in real time during mechanical clamping and cooperate with an electric cylinder, and complete mode switching by double buffering of a soft pad and a spring without manual intervention in the process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machine manufacturing, in particular to a single-station rotary disc type drilling and tapping machine tool.
Background
The rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool is precise numerical control machining equipment which takes a rotatable rotary table as a core structure and integrates drilling, tapping and other auxiliary cutting functions, and the core design logic is that the quick switching of workpieces among different machining procedures or cutters is realized through the rotation indexing of the rotary table, so that the multi-station continuous machining is completed in single clamping, and the precision and efficiency advantages are achieved.
However, the existing single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool has the following defects:
The existing equipment generally adopts a single mechanical clamping mode, the clamping force is required to be adjusted by relying on manual experience, due to various workpieces processed by the equipment, and various workpiece materials exist in each type, the equipment lacks adaptability to the workpiece materials, the equipment cannot be matched with the magnetic adsorption characteristics of magnetically conductive materials, the equipment is difficult to be compatible with the physical characteristics of non-magnetically conductive fragile materials such as aluminum, plastic and the like, the clamping efficiency is low, the clamping force and the clamping mode cannot be adjusted according to the material self-adaption, if the clamping force is too loose, the workpiece is easy to slightly shift in processing vibration, if the clamping force is too tight, the workpiece is likely to slightly deform, the two conditions can cause deviation between the actual position of each clamping and theoretical positioning, for the non-magnetically conductive fragile materials, the labor is difficult to accurately control the force threshold value which is not damaged by the material, the force fluctuation of each clamping is caused to directly cause the degree of stressed deformation of the workpiece in the clamp, and further the positioning reference deviation is caused, and even the clamping damage of the non-magnetically conductive fragile materials is easy to be caused.
We have therefore proposed a single-station rotary-disc type drilling and tapping machine tool in order to solve the problems set out above.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool, which automatically identifies the material of a workpiece by means of a matrix Hall sensor, enables an electromagnetic clamping mode for a magnetic conduction material, rapidly clamps a non-magnetic conduction material by utilizing a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet in combination with an electromagnetic coil, switches the non-magnetic conduction material to a mechanical clamping mode, feeds back clamping force in real time by utilizing a strain gauge during mechanical clamping, realizes closed-loop control by matching with an electric cylinder, and can complete mode switching without manual intervention in the process by virtue of double buffering of a soft pad and a spring, thereby solving the problem of poor adaptability of the traditional single mechanical clamping to the material.
The single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool comprises a precise indexing laser calibration composite component, an electromagnetic mechanical mixing clamping component and four supports, wherein the top parts of the four supports are respectively provided with the precise indexing laser calibration composite component and the electromagnetic mechanical mixing clamping component, and the electromagnetic mechanical mixing clamping component is arranged at the top part of the precise indexing laser calibration composite component;
The electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly comprises a group of permanent magnets, a group of Hall sensors and an electromagnetic coil, wherein the group of permanent magnets are made of N-level NdFeB, the group of permanent magnets are used for providing basic magnetic attraction, the group of Hall sensors are used for automatic material identification and magnetic field closed-loop control, and the electromagnetic coil is used for dynamically adjusting the magnetic field intensity;
the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly comprises a group of grating rulers, a reading head, three zero expansion glass reflectors and three laser interferometers, wherein one group of grating rulers are used for providing high-precision angular displacement real-time feedback, the reading head is used for converting physical stripes of the grating rulers into digital electric signals, the three zero expansion glass reflectors are used for providing laser reflection references, and the three laser interferometers are used for providing submicron-level measurement.
Preferably, the top bolts of the four brackets are connected with a workbench, square grooves are formed in the tops of the workbench, and holes are formed in two sides of the inner wall of each square groove in a penetrating mode.
Preferably, the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly further comprises a clamp base and four connecting pieces, wherein a top plate is fixedly connected to the top of the clamp base, a group of permanent magnets and a group of electromagnetic coils are embedded between the inner surface walls of the clamp base, the top of the clamp base is connected with the bottom of a group of Hall sensors, a heat absorption cavity is connected to the outer surface of each electromagnetic coil, and cooling liquid is filled in the heat absorption cavity.
Preferably, the outer surface of the heat absorption cavity is fixedly communicated with four centrifugal flow guide pipes, the infusion ends of the four centrifugal flow guide pipes are fixedly communicated with a heat dissipation ring, a group of heat dissipation fins are fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the heat dissipation ring, the top of the heat dissipation ring is connected with the bottom of the top plate, and the top of the four jointing pieces are fixedly provided with electric cylinders.
Preferably, the axle head of four electronic jar is all fixed to be inserted and is equipped with the bull stick, four the outer wall both ends of bull stick all link to each other with splint, four the bottom of splint links to each other and is equipped with a set of spring, four sets of the bottom of spring all elastic connection has the clamp plate, four the equal fixed mounting in top of clamp plate has two foil gage.
Preferably, the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly further comprises a fixing plate, three groups of struts and a metal supporting frame, a servo motor is fixedly arranged at the top of the fixing plate, a main shaft is connected with a transmission end of the servo motor in a rotating mode, a first bearing is arranged on an outer surface fixing sleeve of the main shaft, the outer surface of the first bearing is fixedly connected with the inner surface of a hole, a worm is connected with a rotating end of the main shaft in a rotating mode, two second bearings are connected with two ends of the outer wall of the worm in a rotating mode, fixing bases are fixedly connected with the outer surfaces of the two second bearings, and one side of the outer wall of each fixing base is connected with two end bolts of the inner wall of the square groove respectively.
Preferably, two fixed base's outer wall one side is all fixed to be linked to each other has a set of first pretension subassembly, and two sets of outer wall one end of first pretension subassembly and the inner wall one side of square recess link to each other, the outer wall one end rotation of worm links to each other there is the transmission shaft, the rotation end rotation of transmission shaft links to each other there is absolute value encoder.
Preferably, the outer surface of the worm is respectively engaged and connected with a first turbine and a second turbine, the number of teeth of the first turbine is 60 teeth, the number of teeth of the second turbine is 59.5 teeth, the bottom of the first turbine is fixedly connected with a group of second pre-tightening assemblies, the bottom of the second pre-tightening assemblies is fixedly connected with the top of the second turbine, and the group of second pre-tightening assemblies are used for applying continuous pre-tightening force to the first turbine and the second turbine.
Preferably, the top and the bottom of first turbine and second turbine run through there is the rotation axis, the surface rotation of rotation axis links to each other has two fourth bearings, two the surface of fourth bearing is all fixed the cover and is equipped with the metal fixing base, and the bottom of one of them metal fixing base links to each other with the top bolt of workstation, and the top of one of them metal fixing base links to each other with the bottom spiral of workstation, the bottom rotation of rotation axis links to each other there is the carousel, the surface of carousel links to each other with the internal surface of a set of grating chi, the carousel top links to each other with the bottom of three zero expansion glass reflector, and three sets of the bottom of pillar links to each other with the top bolt of workstation, three the outer wall one side of pillar links to each other with the outer wall one side bolt of three laser interferometer, the bottom of metal support frame links to each other with the top bolt of workstation, the outer wall one side of metal support frame links to each other with the outer wall one side bolt of reading head, and the reading head just faces the surface of a set of grating chi.
Preferably, the bottom of carousel links to each other with the top bolt of four engaging members, the bottom of carousel is run through four and is dug the hole, four the inside of dug the hole all is run through the telescopic shaft of four electronic jars and is extended to the top of carousel, the top of carousel links to each other with the bottom of anchor clamps base and heat dissipation ring respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. According to the invention, the material quality of a workpiece is automatically identified by means of a matrix Hall sensor, an electromagnetic clamping mode is started on a magnetic conduction material, a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet is utilized to be combined with an electromagnetic coil to clamp rapidly, the non-magnetic conduction material is switched to a mechanical clamping mode, a strain gauge is utilized to feed back clamping force in real time during mechanical clamping, closed-loop control is realized by matching with an electric cylinder, and through double buffering of a soft pad and a spring, the mode switching can be completed without manual intervention in the process, the problem of poor material adaptability of the traditional single mechanical clamping is solved, the magnetic conduction materials such as steel, iron and the like and the non-magnetic conduction materials such as aluminum, plastic and ceramic and the like are compatible, the clamp is not required to be replaced in the process, the automatic clamping mode switching and action control are realized, the traditional manual operation is replaced, the capability of preventing damage of the vulnerable material, reducing repeated positioning errors and shortening clamping time is realized, and the whole processing quality and efficiency are improved by remarkable equipment.
2. According to the invention, by arranging the precise indexing laser calibration composite component, firstly, the design of the tooth number difference of the main worm gear and the auxiliary worm gear is utilized, axial elastic fit can be realized by matching with the pre-tightening spring, tooth flanks of the double worm gears are respectively and tightly meshed with the tooth flanks of the worm, the tooth flank clearance is thoroughly eliminated, when the worm rotates, the double worm gears are forced to synchronously bear force, the condition of idle stroke caused by single-side meshing of the traditional single worm gear is avoided, and meanwhile, the displacement data is converted into three-dimensional space errors by utilizing the three laser interferometers, so that all-directional errors such as radial runout, axial movement, flatness deviation and the like of the turntable can be detected simultaneously, and the limitation of traditional unidirectional detection is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a front view structure of a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of an electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly and a precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly in a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly in a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of an electromagnetic coil, a heat absorption cavity and a heat dissipation ring in a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of a permanent magnet, a Hall sensor and an electromagnetic coil in a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of a spring and a strain gauge in a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of the structure A in FIG. 5 of a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly in a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the installation position structure of a rotating shaft, a fourth bearing and a metal fixing seat in a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the installation position structure of a first turbine, a second turbine and a second pretensioning component in a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the mounting position of the support column and the laser interferometer in the single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool according to the present invention
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the installation position of a metal support frame and a reading head in a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool.
100, A bracket, 200, a workbench, 300, a precision indexing laser calibration composite component, 301, a fixed plate, 302, a servo motor, 303, a main shaft, 304, a first bearing, 305, a second bearing, 306, a fixed base, 307, a first pre-tightening component, 308, an absolute encoder, 309, a worm, 310, a first turbine, 311, a second turbine, 312, a second pre-tightening component, 313, a rotating shaft, 314, a transmission shaft, 315, a fourth bearing, 316, a metal fixing seat, 317, a turntable, 318, a grating ruler, 319, a zero expansion glass reflector, 320, a strut, 321, a laser interferometer, 322, a metal support frame, 323, a reading head, 400, an electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping component, 401, a clamp base, 402, a top plate, 403, a permanent magnet, 404, a hall sensor, 405, an electromagnetic coil, 406, a heat absorption cavity, 407, a centrifugal guide tube, 408, a heat dissipation ring, 409, a heat dissipation fin 410, a joint, 411, an electric cylinder, 412, a clamp plate, 413, a spring, 414, a pressing plate, 415, and a strain gauge.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In embodiment 1, this embodiment is mainly aimed at, the current equipment generally adopts single mechanical clamping mode, this mode needs to rely on manual experience to adjust the clamping force, because the work piece of equipment processing is various, and each work piece material also exists the diversity, equipment lacks adaptability to the work piece material, both can not match the magnetic adsorption characteristic of magnetic conduction material, also be difficult to compatible non-magnetic conduction fragile material such as aluminium, plastics's physical properties, clamping inefficiency not only, and because can't be according to material self-adaptation adjustment clamping force and mode, to magnetic conduction material, if clamping force degree is too loose, the work piece is liable to small shift in the processing vibration, if too tight, can lead to the work piece slightly to warp, both cases can make the actual position of clamping at every turn and theoretical location produce the deviation, for non-magnetic conduction fragile material, the manual work is difficult to accurately control the dynamics threshold value that neither damaged the material of clamp, the dynamics that leads to each time clamping is undulant directly to lead to the work piece to the degree of atress to be different in the anchor clamps, and then cause location benchmark skew even easily to cause the clamping damage of non-fragile material.
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the embodiment is completed, the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 is provided, the workpiece material is automatically identified by means of the matrix hall sensor 404, the electromagnetic clamping mode is started for the magnetic conduction material, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 403 is utilized to be combined with the electromagnetic coil 405 to clamp rapidly, the non-magnetic conduction material is switched to the mechanical clamping mode, the clamping force is fed back in real time by the strain gauge 415 during mechanical clamping, the closed-loop control is realized by matching with the electric cylinder 411, and the mode switching can be completed by double buffering of the soft pad and the spring 413.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a single-station rotary table type drilling and tapping machine tool, which comprises a precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300, an electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400, and four supports 100, wherein the top parts of the four supports 100 are respectively provided with the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 and the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400, and the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 is arranged at the top part of the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300.
The top bolts of the four brackets 100 are connected with a workbench 200, square grooves are formed in the tops of the workbench 200, and holes are formed in two sides of the inner wall of each square groove in a penetrating mode.
When the device is used, the specific installation positions of the four brackets 100 are firstly determined, the four brackets 100 are sufficiently fixed with the ground or the table top of a working area, when the four brackets 100 are sufficiently fixed, the workbench 200, the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 and the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 are sequentially fixed on the basis, after all the assemblies are installed, whether each component is loose or not is carefully detected, an external power supply is connected to equipment requiring power, an operator places a workpiece on the top of the top plate 402, at the moment, a matrix Hall sensor 404 is started by a control system to acquire magnetic field distribution data, calculate magnetic field variance, and after the control system determines that a magnetic conductive material is used, an electromagnetic clamping mode is started, if the control system determines that the workpiece is a non-magnetic material, a mechanical clamping mode is started, after the workpiece is sufficiently clamped, the PLC control system randomly sends a calibration instruction, at this time, a measuring beam of the laser interferometer 321 is directed to the zero expansion glass reflecting mirror 319 at the top of the turntable 317, the reflected beam and a reference beam form interference fringes in the CCD receiver, the data processing module substitutes an error value measured by the laser interferometer 321 into a compensation model to generate a workpiece coordinate system offset instruction, then the required rotation angle of the worm 309 is calculated after the analysis by the PLC, the worm 309 is driven to make selective movement by utilizing the servo motor 302, the first turbine 310 and the second turbine 311 synchronously rotate under the action of the second pre-tightening component 312, and after the target angle is reached, the PLC drives the cutter component to carry out drilling and tapping work by the control system.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-8, the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 includes a set of permanent magnets 403, a set of hall sensors 404, and an electromagnetic coil 405, wherein the set of permanent magnets 403 is made of N52-grade neodymium-iron-boron, the set of permanent magnets 403 is used for providing basic magnetic attraction force, the set of hall sensors 404 is used for automatic material identification and magnetic field closed-loop control, and the electromagnetic coil 405 is used for dynamic adjustment of magnetic field intensity.
The electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 further comprises a clamp base 401 and four connecting pieces 410, wherein a top plate 402 is fixedly connected to the top of the clamp base 401, a group of permanent magnets 403 and a group of electromagnetic coils 405 are embedded between the inner surface walls of the clamp base 401, the top of the clamp base 401 is connected with the bottom of a group of Hall sensors 404, a heat absorption cavity 406 is connected to the outer surface of the electromagnetic coils 405, and cooling liquid is filled in the heat absorption cavity 406.
The outer surface of the heat absorption cavity 406 is fixedly communicated with four centrifugal flow guide pipes 407, the infusion ends of the four centrifugal flow guide pipes 407 are fixedly communicated with a heat dissipation ring 408, a group of heat dissipation fins 409 are fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the heat dissipation ring 408, the top of the heat dissipation ring 408 is connected with the bottom of the top plate 402, and electric cylinders 411 are fixedly arranged on the tops of the four joint pieces 410.
The axle head of four electronic jars 411 is all fixed to be inserted and is equipped with the bull stick, and the outer wall both ends of four bull sticks all link to each other with splint 412, and the bottom of four splint 412 links to each other and is equipped with a set of spring 413, and the bottom of four spring 413 is all elastic connection has clamp plate 414, and the top of four clamp plate 414 is all fixed mounting has two foil gage 415.
When the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 is used, the complete electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 is formed by presetting the assemblies, after equipment is electrified, an operator places a workpiece on the top of the top plate 402, triggers a position sensor below a working surface, sends a signal to a PLC control system, starts a material identification program, a matrix Hall sensor 404 collects magnetic field distribution data below the workpiece in real time, calculates a magnetic field variance, the PLC control system automatically judges the type of the material according to the magnetic field variance result, activates an electromagnetic clamping mode when the processed workpiece is a magnetic conductive material, sends an instruction and controls an electromagnetic coil 405 to start, and only activates the mechanical clamping mode and starts an electric cylinder 411 to prepare for action when the processed workpiece is a non-magnetic conductive material;
In an electromagnetic clamping mode, a PLC control system controls an electromagnetic coil 405 to be electrified with direct current, the electromagnetic coil 405 enhances a basic magnetic field of a permanent magnet 403, a magnetic conductive workpiece is adsorbed on the surface of a top plate 402 through magnetic field force, preliminary clamping is achieved, a matrix Hall sensor 404 monitors magnetic field distribution in real time, if local magnetic field intensity deviates, the PLC control system dynamically adjusts current of the electromagnetic coil 405, clamping force uniformity is ensured, when a turntable 317 rotates, centrifugal force pushes cooling liquid in a heat absorption cavity 406 to pass through a centrifugal guide pipe 407, the centrifugal guide pipe 407 gradually increases in flow speed due to gradual thickening of the pipe diameter from inside to outside, so that heat is emitted into air by a heat dissipation ring 408 through the heat dissipation fin 409, and after heat absorption, the cooling liquid flows back through the centrifugal guide pipe 407 along with the turntable 317 to complete heat dissipation circulation.
In the mechanical clamping mode, the electric cylinder 411 receives an instruction to drive the telescopic shaft to extend, the clamp plate 412 is driven to move downwards through the rotating rod, the soft pad at the bottom of the clamp plate 414 is firstly contacted with the surface of a workpiece, the spring 413 starts to compress, the electromagnetic coil 405 is powered off in the electromagnetic clamping mode, the magnetic field strength is reduced to a basic value of the permanent magnet 403, then the workpiece is taken away through a transmission system or an operator, in the mechanical clamping mode, the electric cylinder 411 is controlled to stop feeding, the strain gauge 415 can feed back force value fluctuation signals generated in the machining process in real time, the electric cylinder 411 is triggered to carry out fine adjustment through the PLC control system, clamping stability is ensured, the elastic deformation of the spring 413 can absorb clamping impact, the soft pad prevents the surface of vulnerable materials such as aluminum, plastics from being damaged by pressure, the workpiece is prevented from being deformed by double protection, the PLC drives the cutter component to carry out drilling and tapping work through the control system, the workpiece is taken away through the transmission system or the operator after the workpiece is machined, the electromagnetic coil 405 is powered off, the magnetic field strength is reduced to the basic value of the permanent magnet 403, then the workpiece is taken away through the transmission system or the operator, in the mechanical clamping mode, the clamp plate 412 is driven to lift up by the spring 413 is reset.
In embodiment 2, the present embodiment is mainly aimed at the situation that the conventional transmission gear structure in the existing single-station turntable 317 type drilling machine tool generates rotation of the driving end but asynchronous movement of the load end during reverse movement, so as to directly cause positioning deviation, and lacks means for detecting dynamic deformation in real time, and problems such as radial runout and axial play during high-speed rotation are gradually accumulated, so that a large error occurs in the hole site;
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present embodiment is completed by setting the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300, firstly, the design of the tooth number difference between the first turbine 310 and the second turbine 311 is utilized, and the axial elastic fit can be realized by matching with the second pre-tightening assembly 312, so that the tooth surfaces of the first turbine 310 and the second turbine 311 are respectively tightly meshed with the tooth surfaces of the worm 309, the backlash is thoroughly eliminated, when the worm 309 rotates, the first turbine 310 and the second turbine 311 are caused to synchronously bear force, the idle stroke caused by the unilateral meshing of the traditional single worm wheel is avoided, and meanwhile, the displacement data is converted into three-dimensional space errors by utilizing the three laser interferometers 321, and the omnidirectional errors such as radial runout, axial movement, flatness deviation and the like of the turntable 317 can be detected at the same time, thereby avoiding the limitation of the traditional unidirectional detection.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-3 and 9-13, the precision index laser calibration composite assembly 300 includes a set of grating rules 318, a read head 323, three zero expansion glass mirrors 319, three laser interferometers 321, one set of grating rules 318 for providing high precision angular displacement real-time feedback, the read head 323 for converting physical fringes of the grating rules 318 into digital electrical signals, three zero expansion glass mirrors 319 for providing laser reflection references, and three laser interferometers 321 for providing submicron scale measurements.
The precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 further comprises a fixing plate 301, three groups of struts 320 and a metal supporting frame 322, wherein a servo motor 302 is fixedly arranged at the top of the fixing plate 301, a main shaft 303 is connected with a transmission end of the servo motor 302 in a rotating mode, a first bearing 304 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the main shaft 303, the outer surface of the first bearing 304 is fixedly connected with the inner surface of a hole, a worm 309 is connected with the rotating end of the main shaft 303 in a rotating mode, two second bearings 305 are connected with the two ends of the outer wall of the worm 309 in a rotating mode, fixed bases 306 are fixedly connected with the outer surfaces of the two second bearings 305, and one sides of the outer walls of the two fixed bases 306 are connected with two ends of the inner wall of the square groove through bolts respectively.
A group of first pre-tightening assemblies 307 are fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the two fixed bases 306, one end of the outer wall of each group of first pre-tightening assemblies 307 is connected to one side of the inner wall of the square groove, one end of the outer wall of the worm 309 is rotatably connected to a transmission shaft 314, and the rotating end of the transmission shaft 314 is rotatably connected to an absolute value encoder 308.
The outer surface of the worm 309 is respectively engaged with and connected with a first turbine 310 and a second turbine 311, the number of teeth of the first turbine 310 is 60 teeth, the number of teeth of the second turbine 311 is 59.5 teeth, the bottom of the first turbine 310 is fixedly connected with a group of second pre-tightening components 312, the bottom of the group of second pre-tightening components 312 is fixedly connected with the top of the second turbine 311, and the group of second pre-tightening components 312 are used for applying continuous pre-tightening force to the first turbine 310 and the second turbine 311.
The top and the bottom of the first turbine 310 and the second turbine 311 are penetrated by a rotating shaft 313, the outer surfaces of the rotating shafts 313 are rotationally connected with two fourth bearings 315, the outer surfaces of the two fourth bearings 315 are fixedly sleeved with metal fixing seats 316, the bottom of one metal fixing seat 316 is connected with the top bolt of the workbench 200, the top of one metal fixing seat 316 is spirally connected with the bottom of the workbench 200, the bottom of the rotating shaft 313 is rotationally connected with a turntable 317, the outer surfaces of the turntable 317 are connected with the inner surfaces of a group of grating scales 318, the top of the turntable 317 is connected with the bottoms of three zero expansion glass reflectors 319, the bottoms of the three groups of supports 320 are connected with the top bolt of the workbench 200, one side of the outer walls of the three supports 320 is connected with one side bolt of the outer walls of the three laser interferometers 321, the bottom of the metal support frame 322 is connected with the top bolt of the workbench 200, one side of the outer walls of the metal support frame 322 is connected with one side bolt of the outer walls of the reading head 323, and the reading head 323 is opposite to the outer surfaces of the group of grating scales 318
The bottom of carousel 317 links to each other with the top bolt of four engagers 410, and the bottom of carousel 317 runs through four and digs the hole, and four telescopic axles that dig the hole all run through four electric cylinders 411 and extend to the top of carousel 317, and the top of carousel 317 links to each other with the bottom of anchor clamps base 401 and heat dissipation ring 408 respectively.
When in use, the complete precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 is formed by the assemblies, the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 finishes clamping, the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 sends a clamping completion signal to a PLC control system, the PLC control system immediately sends a calibration instruction to the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 after receiving the signal, and activates a laser detection system, wherein three laser interferometers 321 synchronously emit helium-neon lasers, measuring beams are reflected by a zero expansion glass reflector 319 on the top of a turntable 317, reference beams are emitted to a fixed reference mirror, two beams form interference fringes at a CCD receiver, the laser interferometers 321 acquire a plurality of groups of data, the number of interference fringe movements is recorded, displacement deviations of the three reflection points are calculated, the PLC control system calls a triangulation algorithm to convert one-dimensional displacement data into three-dimensional space errors, then the PLC control system substitutes three-dimensional error parameters into a preset mapping model to generate a workpiece coordinate system compensation command, the compensation command is synchronously transmitted to a CNC system of a machine tool and a servo controller of the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300, at the moment, the servo controller calculates a corrected target rotation angle according to an original indexing command, a servo motor 302 receives the command and drives a main shaft 303 to rotate, a worm 309 is driven by a coupler to rotate, the worm 309 drives a first turbine 310 and a second turbine 311 to synchronously rotate, a second pre-tightening assembly 312 ensures that the first turbine 310 and the second turbine 311 are meshed with the worm 309 without gaps, idle stroke is eliminated, when the feedback rotation angle of a grating ruler 318 deviates from the target value, the PLC control system is switched to a low-speed mode, the PLC control system finely adjusts the rotation speed of the servo motor 302 through a PID algorithm, at the moment, the PLC control system transmits a drilling and tapping signal to the cutter assembly and starts a drilling and tapping program, the laser interferometer 321 continuously monitors vibration generated by the turntable 317 in the processing process, the grating ruler 318 feeds back the corner stability in real time, when the processing is completed, the cutter assembly returns to the safe position, the PLC control system can record three-dimensional error data and compensation quantity of the processing, the laser interferometer 321 closes the measuring beam, and the turntable 317 keeps the current position to wait for the next indexing instruction.
In a more specific embodiment, the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 described in example 1 and the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 described in example 2, combined with each other, exhibit the final result of:
The electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 has the advantages of self-identification of materials, automatic mode switching, closed-loop control of clamping force, real-time laser detection, dynamic error compensation and zero-clearance indexing of the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 to form a complete closed loop, no need of manually judging materials, adjusting clamps or calibrating and positioning from workpiece placement to processing completion, great improvement of operation efficiency, the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 solves the problem of poor compatibility of the traditional clamps to magnetically conductive and non-magnetically conductive materials, stable clamping provides a rigid reference for the detection of the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300, calibration deviation caused by clamping looseness is avoided, the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 overlaps and optimizes repeated positioning errors and self-indexing errors of the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 through double-turbine zero-clearance transmission and three-dimensional laser compensation, and successfully improves the precision of processing hole positions, in the centrifugal heat dissipation system of the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400, when the turntable 317 rotates, the centrifugal force pushes the cooling liquid in the heat absorption cavity 406 to pass through the centrifugal flow guide pipe 407, the centrifugal flow guide pipe 407 gradually increases the flow speed from inside to outside due to the pipe diameter, so that the cooling liquid flows into the heat dissipation ring 408, the heat dissipation fins 409 emit heat into the air, the cooling liquid after heat absorption stops along with the turntable 317 and flows back through the centrifugal flow guide pipe 407, the heat dissipation circulation is completed to ensure the magnetic field stability during electromagnetic clamping, the temperature fluctuation is avoided to influence the workpiece adsorption force, the magnetic field interference is avoided in the detection process of the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 is ensured, the real-time vibration monitoring of the precision indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 and the dynamic fine adjustment of the clamping force of the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 form a double feedback advantage, if workpiece micro-movement or transmission vibration occurs in the processing, after the electromagnetic mechanical hybrid clamping assembly 400 and the precise indexing laser calibration composite assembly 300 are combined, the machine tool can be compatible with processing of magnetic conductive materials such as steel, iron and the like and non-magnetic conductive materials such as aluminum, plastic, ceramic and the like, and a clamp is not required to be replaced.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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| US20080229559A1 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-25 | Koganei Corporation | Positioning and clamping apparatus |
| US20110117820A1 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-05-19 | Gary Sroka | Magnetic fixture |
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