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CN1206248A - Simple voltage-to-current converting circuit with wide control range - Google Patents

Simple voltage-to-current converting circuit with wide control range Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1206248A
CN1206248A CN 98102425 CN98102425A CN1206248A CN 1206248 A CN1206248 A CN 1206248A CN 98102425 CN98102425 CN 98102425 CN 98102425 A CN98102425 A CN 98102425A CN 1206248 A CN1206248 A CN 1206248A
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current
voltage
signal
effect transistor
current converter
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CN 98102425
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平井宏治
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NEC Corp
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NEC Corp
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Abstract

一种由一负载晶体管(10c)、一输出节点(10g)和一加上电压控制信号(CTL3)的n沟道耗尽型场效应晶体管(10d)串联实现的电压－电流转换器;当电压控制信号(CTL3)为零时,n沟道耗尽型场效应晶体管(10d)流过相当于标准偏流(BS2)的确定的漏电流;当电压控制信号(CTL3)由0增至正电平时,n沟道耗尽型场效应晶体管(10d)立即增加漏电流,以此实现一宽阔的控制范围。

A voltage-to-current converter realized in series by a load transistor (10c), an output node (10g) and an n-channel depletion type field effect transistor (10d) supplied with a voltage control signal (CTL3); when the voltage When the control signal (CTL3) is zero, the n-channel depletion type field effect transistor (10d) flows a certain leakage current equivalent to the standard bias current (BS2); when the voltage control signal (CTL3) increases from 0 to a positive level , The n-channel depletion type field effect transistor (10d) immediately increases the leakage current, thereby realizing a wide control range.

Description

The simple current/charge-voltage convertor that control range is broad
The present invention relates to a kind of current/charge-voltage convertor, and be particularly related to a kind of simple current/charge-voltage convertor that is suitable for being assembled in the voltage-controlled oscillator in the phase-locked loop.
The typical case of a phase-locked loop is disclosed among the unexamined Japanese patent gazette application number No.6-283994, and Fig. 1 shows this phase-locked loop.This phase-locked loop comprises a phase-frequency detector 1, a supply pump 2, a loop filter 3, a voltage-controlled oscillator 4 and a frequency divider 5.Phase frequency control detection device 1 is abbreviated as " PFD " in Fig. 1.
Phase-frequency detector 1 has two input nodes, and oscillating signal OSC1 and clock signal clk 1 are added on two input nodes of phase-frequency detector 1.Whether phase-frequency detector is made comparisons oscillating signal OSC1 and clock signal clk 1, look its mutual phase place and frequency and mate.If oscillating signal OSC1 lags behind clock signal clk 1, phase-frequency detector 1 just provides an expression to quicken the first control signal CTL1 of vibration instruction to supply pump 2.On the other hand, if oscillating signal OSC1 is leading, phase-frequency detector then provides the second control signal CTL2 of the contrary instructions of an expression deceleration vibration to supply pump 2.
Supply pump 2 has two Control Node that link to each other with the output node of phase-frequency detector 1 respectively, and the first/the second control signal CTL1/CTL2 is responded to change control voltage signal CTL3.When by phase-frequency detector 1 when supply pump 2 provides the first control signal CTL1, supply pump 2 improves the level of control voltage signal CTL3.On the other hand, when the second control signal CTL2 arrived supply pump 2, supply pump 2 just reduced the level of control voltage signal CTL3.Control voltage signal CTL3 offers voltage-controlled oscillator 4 by supply pump 2 through loop filter 3.
Though do not give expression in the accompanying drawings, loop filter 3 comprises a low pass filter and a capacitor, and makes control voltage signal CTL3 stable.The level of 4 pairs of control of voltage-controlled oscillator voltage signal CTL3 responds and changes the frequency of oscillator signal OSC2, and oscillator signal OSC2 is offered an internal circuit (not shown) and frequency divider 5.
Frequency divider 5 is reduced to 1/n with the frequency of oscillator signal OSC2, and oscillating signal OSC1 is offered phase-frequency detector 1.Like this, phase-locked loop has produced the oscillator signal OSC2 synchronous with clock signal clk 1, and the frequency of oscillator signal OSC1 be clock signal clk 1 n doubly.
Fig. 2 illustrates voltage-controlled oscillator 4.Voltage-controlled oscillator 4 mainly comprises a voltage-current converter 4a and a current control oscillator 4b.Current control oscillator 4b is abbreviated as " ICO " in Fig. 1 and 2, and produces a bias current signal BS1 by control voltage signal CTL3.Current control oscillator 4b changes the frequency of oscillator signal OSC2 with bias current signal BS1.
Voltage-current converter 4a comprises that one is connected the constant-current source 4c between power supply 4d and the ground wire GND, between power supply 4f and constant-current source 4c, connect a P-channel enhancement type field-effect transistor 4e, and between output node 4h and ground wire GND, connect a n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4g.Bias current signal BS1 offers current control oscillator 4b by output node.
Constant-current supply 4c comprises the polyphone combination of the resistance 4j that is connected between power supply 4d and the ground wire GND and n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4k and is connected a n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4m between output node 4h and the ground wire GND.The gate electrode of n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4k links to each other with its drain node N1, and drain node N1 links to each other with the gate electrode of n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4m.Resistance 4j and n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4k flow through constant current by power supply 4d to ground wire GND, and make drain node N1 be adjusted to a voltage of determining.This voltage of determining is offered the gate electrode of n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4m, and expect that n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4m has the constant current I that flows into ground wire GND c
P-channel enhancement type field-effect transistor 4e has the gate electrode that links to each other with output node 4h, and presses the level variation channel conduction of output node 4h.P-channel enhancement type field-effect transistor 4e provides electric current to n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4g/4m, and produces bias current signal BS1.
CTL3 is added on the gate electrode of n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4g with the control voltage signal, and crosses variable current I according to the amplitude streams of control voltage signal CTL3 vLike this, electric current (I c+ I v) total amount just change with control voltage signal CTL3, power voltage line 4f just provides and electric current I to output node cAnd electric current I vThe electric current that equates.Bias current signal BS1 determine the to flow through magnitude of current of a constant-current source of current control oscillator 4b, current control oscillator 4b forms a current mirror circuit with P-channel enhancement type field-effect transistor 4e.Current control oscillator 4b is in the frequency place vibration suitable with the magnitude of current that passes through current source.
As previously mentioned, control voltage signal CTL3 is representing the phase difference between oscillating signal OSC1 and the clock signal clk 1.When oscillating signal OSC1 and clock signal clk 1 were same-phase signal, control voltage signal CTL3 just remained on 0 volt, and n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4g then turn-offs.Only there is constant-current source 4c to flow into constant current I to ground wire GND c, and bias current signal BC1 causes that current control oscillator 4b vibrates in free oscillation frequency.On the other hand, when producing phase difference, control voltage signal CTL3 causes that n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4g flows through variable current I v, and voltage-current converter 4a changes the bias current signal.For this reason, in Fig. 3, represent the voltage-to-current transfer characteristic with curve A.
An intrinsic problem among the prior art voltage-current converter 4a is that control range " a " is narrow.This is owing in fact equal the threshold voltage V of n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4g at control voltage signal CTL3 ThThe time n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4g just begin to flow through variable current I vIn other words, voltage-current converter 4a reaches the threshold value V of n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4g at control voltage signal CTL3 ThControl voltage signal CTL3 is not responded before.
Another intrinsic problem among the prior art voltage-current converter 4a is a large amount of circuit element.Constant-current source 4c and n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4g are connected in parallel between output node 4h and the ground wire GND, and constant-current source 4c needs resistance 4j and two field-effect transistor 4k/4m.However, because constant current I cDetermine the free oscillation frequency of oscillator 4b, thereby constant-current source 4c is still for the voltage-current converter 4a of prior art indispensable.
A free-revving engine of the present invention is that a kind of voltage-current converter will be provided, and it has broad control range and simple circuit configuration.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, proposed to make a depletion mode fet to flow through a constant current, and need not gate bias to be set for free oscillation frequency.
According to a kind of mode of the present invention, the voltage-current converter that is provided comprise be connected between first power supply and the output node in order to a load elements that electric current is provided to output node and be connected output node and second source between and the current control transistor realized with a depletion mode fet, with this to control voltage signal from a standard bias level change change that responds flow through wherein electric current.
From below in conjunction with the feature and advantage that will become apparent voltage-current converter of the present invention the explanation that accompanying drawing carried out, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of expression prior art phase-locked loop circuit structure;
Fig. 2 is assembled in the circuit diagram of the structure of the voltage-controlled oscillator in the prior art phase-locked loop for expression;
Fig. 3 is the curve chart of the voltage-to-current transfer characteristic of the voltage-to-current transfer characteristic of expression prior art voltage-current converter and voltage-current converter of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of the structure of expression voltage-current converter of the present invention; And
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the structure of the voltage-current converter of expression one modification.
Consult Fig. 4 of accompanying drawing, embody a voltage-current converter 10a of the present invention and form a voltage-controlled oscillator 10 with a current control oscillator 10b.Although voltage-controlled oscillator 10 forms parts of phase-locked loop, other parts of phase-locked loop are similar with the phase-locked loop of prior art, thereby still represent with the same numeral among Fig. 1 in the explanation afterwards.
Following description focuses on the structure and the performance of voltage-current converter.Voltage-current converter 10a realizes that with the tandem compound of a P-channel enhancement type field-effect transistor 10c and a n channel depletion type field-effect transistor 10d this tandem compound is connected between a positive supply 10e and the ground wire 10f.P-channel enhancement type field-effect transistor 10c has a gate electrode that links to each other with output node 10g, and will control on the gate electrode that voltage signal CTL3 is added to n channel depletion type field-effect transistor 10d.N channel depletion type field-effect transistor 10d need not any gate bias or no-voltage just flows through constant leakage current I c, and along with the amplitude of control voltage signal CTL3 increases leakage current together.Power voltage line 10e provides the electric current that equates with leakage current to output node 10g.Bias current signal BS2 determines to flow through the magnitude of current of the constant-current source of current control oscillator 4b, and current control oscillator 4b forms a current mirror circuit with P-channel enhancement type field-effect transistor 10c.Current control oscillator 4b vibrates at a frequency place suitable with the magnitude of current that flows through current source.
Will be appreciated that from the explanation of front n channel depletion type field-effect transistor 10d not only determines the constant current I of free oscillation frequency c, but also the frequency of change oscillator signal OSC2.In other words, n channel depletion type field-effect transistor 10d is realizing two kinds of functions of constant-current source 4c and n channel enhancement field-effect transistor 4g.Consequently, simplify the circuit structure of voltage-current converter 10a, and reduced the parts number of parts in large quantities.In the case, P-channel enhancement type field-effect transistor 10c is as a load elements.
P-channel enhancement type field-effect transistor 10c provides leakage current through output node 10g to n channel depletion type field-effect transistor 10d, and bias current signal BS2 then offers current control oscillator 10b from output node 10g.
When oscillating signal OSC1 and clock signal clk 1 same-phase, control voltage signal CTL3 remains on zero volt, and n channel depletion type field-effect transistor 10d then flows through constant leakage current I under the state that does not have biasing cThen, bias current signal BS2 makes current control oscillator 10b vibrate at the free oscillation frequency place.
On the other hand, if phase difference occurs between oscillating signal OSC1 and clock signal clk 1, supply pump 2 just increases the amplitude of control voltage signal CTL3, so, make n channel depletion type field-effect transistor 10d increase channel conduction.Consequently, bias current signal BS2 has reduced current potential, and current control oscillator 10b makes oscillator signal OSC2 in advance.Thereby the voltage-current characteristic of transducer 10a just represents with curve B that control range then is increased to " b " from " a ".
Because the control range broadness, voltage-current converter 10a is suitable for voltage-controlled oscillator 10.Because circuit element is reduced to unlike prior art, voltage-current converter 10a is hopeful to be used for a kind of integrated circuit.
When the frequency ratio " n " between oscillator signal OSC1 and the oscillating signal OSC2 is two, phase-locked loop with voltage-current converter assembling of the present invention is suitable for doubling the data transferring technique of ratio, and can form for example part of the high speed semiconductor memory device of synchronous dram (dynamic random access memory) device and so on.
Will be understood that from the explanation of front voltage-current converter of the present invention makes control range broadness and circuit structure simple.
Simple circuit configuration makes the electric current that expends be reduced to half that the prior art voltage-current converter expends electric current.
Because it is little to form the part member quantity of voltage-current converter, the less influence that is subjected to the characteristics of transistor fluctuation of voltage-current converter of the present invention.The free oscillation frequency fluctuation is little, makes the designer can determine the minimum frequency of oscillation of low-frequency oscillation.
Although represented and described a certain embodiments of the present invention, for the professional and technical personnel, they will be appreciated that, can make diversiform change and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
For example, can use the P channel depletion type field-effect transistor shown in Fig. 5.In this case, voltage control signal CTL3 ' has reduced amplitude from no bias state.
And depletion mode fet 10d/20 can determine the free oscillation frequency under negative/positive bias state.

Claims (11)

1、一种电压-电流转换器(10a)包括有1. A voltage-to-current converter (10a) includes 一连接在一第一电源(10e)和一输出节点(10g)之间用以向所述输出节点(10g)提供电流的负载元件(10c)，以及a load element (10c) connected between a first power source (10e) and an output node (10g) for supplying current to said output node (10g), and 一连接在所述输出节点(10g)和一第二电源(10f)之间用以改变所述电流的电流控制电路，所述电压-电流转换器(10a)的特征在于a current control circuit connected between said output node (10g) and a second power source (10f) for varying said current, said voltage-to-current converter (10a) is characterized in that 所述电流控制电路是用一耗尽型场效应晶体管(10d；20)实现的，使其对自一标准偏置电平改变的控制电压信号(CTL3；CTL3’)作出响应改变其流经的电流。The current control circuit is implemented with a depletion mode field effect transistor (10d; 20) that responds to the control voltage signal (CTL3; CTL3') changing from a standard bias level to change the current flowing through it. current. 2、按照权利要求1所述的电压-电流转换器，其特征在于，其中的偏流信号(BS2)由所述输出节点(10g)提供给一电流控制振荡器(10b)，而且所述偏流信号在所述标准偏置电平确定所述电流控制振荡器(10b)的自由振荡频率。2. The voltage-to-current converter according to claim 1, wherein the bias current signal (BS2) is provided to a current-controlled oscillator (10b) by the output node (10g), and the bias current signal A free-running frequency of the current controlled oscillator (10b) is determined at the standard bias level. 3、按照权利要求2所述的电压-电流转换器，其特征在于，所述电流控制振荡器(10b)与所述电压-电流转换器(10a)一起形成-电压控制振荡器(10)，并且所述电压控制振荡器形成一锁相环路的一部件。3. The voltage-current converter according to claim 2, characterized in that the current-controlled oscillator (10b) together with the voltage-current converter (10a) forms a voltage-controlled oscillator (10), And said voltage controlled oscillator forms part of a phase locked loop. 4、按照权利要求3所述的电压-电流转换器，其特征在于，所述锁相环路还包括4. The voltage-to-current converter according to claim 3, wherein the phase-locked loop further comprises 一比较器(1)，它对一第一振荡信号(OSC1)与一时钟信号(CLK1)进行运行比较，以产生表示所述第一振荡信号与所述时钟信号之间状况的一个指令信号(CTL1／CTL2)，a comparator (1) which performs an operational comparison of a first oscillating signal (OSC1) and a clock signal (CLK1) to generate a command signal ( CTL1/CTL2), 一电压信号产生电路(2／3)，它对所述指令信号作出响应，产生所述控制电压信号(CTL3；CTL3’)。A voltage signal generating circuit (2/3), which generates said control voltage signal (CTL3; CTL3') in response to said command signal. 5、按照权利要求4所述的电压一电流转换器，其特征在于，所述比较器是用一相位频率检测器(1)实现的，而所述电压信号产生电路则有一与所述相位频率检测器相连的供给泵(2)以及一连接在所述供给泵和所述电流控制晶体管之间的环路滤波器(3)。5. The voltage-to-current converter according to claim 4, characterized in that, said comparator is realized by a phase frequency detector (1), and said voltage signal generating circuit has a phase frequency detector (1) corresponding to said phase frequency A charge pump (2) to which the detector is connected and a loop filter (3) connected between said charge pump and said current control transistor. 6、按照权利要求4所述的电压-电流转换器，其特征在于，所述锁相环路还包括一连接在所述电压控制振荡器(10)和所述比较器(1)之间的分频器(5)，用以从所述电压控制振荡器输出的一第二振荡信号(OSC2)产生所述第一振荡信号(OSC1)。6. The voltage-to-current converter according to claim 4, characterized in that said phase-locked loop further comprises a voltage-controlled oscillator (10) connected between said comparator (1) The frequency divider (5) is used for generating the first oscillating signal (OSC1) from a second oscillating signal (OSC2) output by the voltage controlled oscillator. 7、按照权利要求1所述的电压一电流转换器，其特征在于，所述耗尽型场效应晶体管(10d)在所述标准偏置电平下有一n型的传导沟道。7. The voltage-to-current converter according to claim 1, characterized in that said depletion field effect transistor (10d) has an n-type conduction channel at said standard bias level. 8、按照权利要求7所述的电压-电流转换器，其特征在于，所述标准偏置电平为零伏，而所述耗尽型场效应晶体管(10d)在所述标准偏置电平下流过一确定的漏电流。8. The voltage-to-current converter according to claim 7, characterized in that said standard bias level is zero volts, and said depletion mode field effect transistor (10d) is at said standard bias level A certain leakage current flows down. 9、按照权利要求8所述的电压-电流转换器，其特征在于，其中由所述输出节点(10g)向一电流控制振荡器(10b)提供一偏流信号(BS2)，并且所述确定的漏电流决定所述电流控制振荡器(10b)的自由振荡频率。9. The voltage-to-current converter according to claim 8, wherein a bias current signal (BS2) is provided from said output node (10g) to a current controlled oscillator (10b), and said determined The leakage current determines the free-running frequency of the current controlled oscillator (10b). 10、按照权利要求1所述的电压-电流转换器，其特征在于，所述耗尽型场效应晶体管(20)在所述标准偏置电平下有一P型的传导沟道。10. The voltage-to-current converter according to claim 1, characterized in that said depletion field effect transistor (20) has a P-type conduction channel at said standard bias level. 11、按照权利要求1所述的电压-电流转换器，其特征在于，所述负载元件是用一P沟道增强型场效应晶体管(10c)实现的，它有与所述输出节点相连的一栅电极。11. The voltage-to-current converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, said load element is realized by a P-channel enhancement type field effect transistor (10c), which has a connected to said output node gate electrode.
CN 98102425 1997-06-12 1998-06-12 Simple voltage-to-current converting circuit with wide control range Pending CN1206248A (en)

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JP155561/97 1997-06-12
CN 98102425 CN1206248A (en) 1997-06-12 1998-06-12 Simple voltage-to-current converting circuit with wide control range

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101551938B (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-12-01 上海科达机电控制有限公司 Voltage-current transformation method
CN103582822A (en) * 2011-03-30 2014-02-12 电力电子测量有限公司 Apparatus for current measurement
CN103731099A (en) * 2012-10-11 2014-04-16 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 Voltage-to-current converter and voltage controlled oscillator
CN108874008A (en) * 2018-06-22 2018-11-23 佛山科学技术学院 A kind of LDO circuit with double feedbacks
CN111124024A (en) * 2019-12-10 2020-05-08 洛阳隆盛科技有限责任公司 Low-power 0V starting linear power supply circuit

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101551938B (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-12-01 上海科达机电控制有限公司 Voltage-current transformation method
CN103582822A (en) * 2011-03-30 2014-02-12 电力电子测量有限公司 Apparatus for current measurement
CN103582822B (en) * 2011-03-30 2016-09-14 电力电子测量有限公司 Equipment for current measurement
CN103731099A (en) * 2012-10-11 2014-04-16 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 Voltage-to-current converter and voltage controlled oscillator
CN108874008A (en) * 2018-06-22 2018-11-23 佛山科学技术学院 A kind of LDO circuit with double feedbacks
CN111124024A (en) * 2019-12-10 2020-05-08 洛阳隆盛科技有限责任公司 Low-power 0V starting linear power supply circuit

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