CN1205773A - Position and Speed Electronic Sensors - Google Patents
Position and Speed Electronic Sensors Download PDFInfo
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- CN1205773A CN1205773A CN 96199099 CN96199099A CN1205773A CN 1205773 A CN1205773 A CN 1205773A CN 96199099 CN96199099 CN 96199099 CN 96199099 A CN96199099 A CN 96199099A CN 1205773 A CN1205773 A CN 1205773A
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Abstract
A position and speed sensor comprising a circular element (1) rotatably driven about its axis. The circular element (1) has two position indicators (3, 4) of different angular width. A sensor means (5) is fixed in position with respect to and adjacent to the circular element (1). The sensor means (5) has a sensing element for sensing the passage of each of the position indicators (3, 4) past the sensing element. An electrical signal is produced by the sensor means (5) corresponding to the passage of each of the sensed position indicators (3, 4). The signal has a duration corresponding to the angular widths of the sensed position indicators (3, 4). Also included is a means to process the electrical signal to produce information as to the angular position and angular velocity of the circular element. A method for reverse rotation detection using the position and speed sensor means (5) is also disclosed.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of Position And Velocity sensor, more specifically say, relate to and be applicable to and for example determine to spray in the spark ignition engine and to light the Position And Velocity sensor of the time of combustible mixture.
Traditional Position And Velocity sensor that is commonly referred to as " scrambler " and is used for multicylinder engine generally comprises one by the speed of engine crankshaft speed part or the wheel disc that rotates with engine crankshaft speed synchronization ground.This wheel disc has a plurality of position indicators or sign and ad-hoc location indicator usually on its circumference, just produce pulse train when by sensor, can be for analyzing speed and the position of determining piston in bent axle and each cylinder of engine.
Usually, the position that this sensor produced and the accuracy requirement of speed data decision: many teeth that are generally will be arranged on the wheel disc, groove, the magnetic stripe form or other sign that can be arrived by sensor rapidly.Usually, on the circumference of scrambler dish, should be distributed with many equally spaced teeth, so that good angular resolution to be provided, 360 ° the factor preferably, for example 15 °, 30 ° or 45 °.Tooth and one or more sensor produce the control that electric signal can make definite speed of high precision and position be used for engine operation together.
Be appreciated that the ad-hoc location for each piston top dead center (TDC) position in each cylinder of identification multicylinder engine identifies the needs that detect, and can produce some particular problems.The detection of the correct tdc position of each cylinder is to determine the suitable duration of ignition, is the injecting time that produces the required combustible mixture of each cylinder sometimes, key point.Accurately determine the error of tdc position aspect, may bring the problem of the bad igniting of engine, and therefore may produce harmful effect the performance of engine.
This error is very possible the appearance, unless sensor is very advanced, because engine at work a lot of variations may take place, this will hinder any other appropriate location of accurately determining piston in tdc position or each cylinder.For example, between sign, use interpolation method to carry out the pulse location, and do not consider to quicken the difficulty brought to measurement usually.Therefore, because the velocity of rotation of bent axle makes signal pulse not take place in required angle with quickening or the variation of slowing down, and duration or length or weak point, so igniting and course of injection may be by timings improperly.When the sign decreased number, its result understands worse.Under just different slightly with the angular breadth of other position indicator situation of ad-hoc location indicator, (that promptly takes in order to determine an absolute angular position is in typical case a kind of) may be difficult to identify the ad-hoc location indicator.And, in two two-stroke engines of toroidal swirl type, be suitable for bent axle and whenever turn around a course of injection and an ignition process take place, rather than per two circles of Otto cycle engine are once.So,, need to adopt complicated circuit in order to ensure in the time interval that pot life is little in ratio such as Otto cycle engine the timing of spraying and light a fire correctly being controlled.
Also have a problem to be, the indication that many prior art system can not provide engine edge and required direction reverse direction to rotate.The consequence of incorrect rotation is very harmful to the performance of engine and life-span.
The U.S. Pat .4941445 of motorola inc discloses a kind of position electronic sensor apparatus, it has a pair of sensing element, and the independently position signalling of the separation of relevant multicylinder engine cycle control is provided with the position, angle of the sheave that rotates by detection of engine.When using many position indicators to produce desired enough accurate position of engine control and engine speed data, just need the ad-hoc location indicator of three different angular breadth.Except a pair of sensing element, two independent train of impulses that also need complicated control module analysis to be produced.Obviously, two sensors have the position sensor arrangement of multiple tooth structure of the ad-hoc location indicator of several angular breadth, complex structure not only, and also cost is higher.
The Australian Patent AU.626828 of Caterpillar company discloses a kind of device that has gear, and this gear has a plurality of signs, and ad-hoc location indicator wherein has different angular breadth with other position indicator.In this case, a sensor works, so that desired position and speed data to be provided.And its multiple tooth structural cost is than higher.
The difficulty of above-mentioned each scheme is at manufacture view problem to be arranged, and therefore and comparatively expensive, especially in developing country.Thus, because the spacing of tooth, groove or other type identification is critical to the sensor performance, so the scrambler wheel disc of mentioned kind needs tolerance to cast tinily.For never introducing the developing country that carries out this manufacturing equipment needed thereby, these factors will produce too much cost altogether.In addition, market may financial insolvency with the sensor that overflows of the method manufacturing.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of engine location and speed pickup, it can reduce or alleviate at least a portion the problems referred to above.
According to this purpose, the invention provides a kind of Position And Velocity sensor, comprising:
One can be equipped with two position indicators that angular breadth is inequality around the circular element of its driven in rotation on the described circular element;
One with respect to and adjacent to the sensor device of circular element location, this sensor device is equipped with a sensing element, be used to detect the stroke (passage) of each position indicator through this sensing element, and in response to electric signal corresponding to the stroke of each detected position indicator of the trip generation, this signal has the corresponding duration of angular breadth with the position indicator that is detected; With
Handle electric signal to produce the device of position, relevant circular element angle and angular velocity information.
Preferably, two position indicators are the independent position indicators on the circular element.
Preferably, except position, angle and angular velocity information were provided, the device of handling electric signal can also produce the information of circular element rotation direction in addition.
The Position And Velocity sensor is suitable for the Position And Velocity electronic sensor, and circular element is positioned to by the part or at double the speed of engine crankshaft speed and rotates, or rotates with engine crankshaft speed synchronization ground.Preferably, in turn detect position indicator with sensing element, so as after to detect the primary importance indicator very fast detection second place indicator.
The position of two position indicators can be chosen arbitrarily, but it is unquestionable when the distance of separating to each other make position indicator of identification with another, especially should compensate instantaneous acceleration and deceleration, with the up-to-date information that relevant angular velocity and position can be provided, with accurate location and definite its rotation direction that realizes the engine critical conditions.
Preferably, two position indicators are suitable for being placed on the circular element, when needing angular velocity and positional information with box lunch in order to arrange igniting and course of injection, can determine angular velocity and position in advance rapidly under most of engine conditions.That is, two position indicators suit to be placed in position, an angle, and this position, angle and another specific angle position corresponding to engine ad-hoc location (as top dead centre (TDC) position of engine cylinder) separate a known angular breadth.This known angular breadth can be according to for example needs igniting and injection wait the situation of some process corresponding to tdc position, and it is definite press angular unit.
Preferably, the primary importance indicator should be placed in from the position corresponding with engine cylinder TDC within 140 ° the arc, and tdc position can be easily but not necessarily indicated by discrete position indicator on the circular element.Second place indicator can be placed between primary importance indicator and the piston tdc position one and be easy to accurately to determine on the optimum position of time of required igniting and course of injection.For example, the center of other position indicator can be positioned at from 15 ° of primary importance indicator center or more preferably on 25 ° the arc.
Be not positioned on the position corresponding with injection or ignition process, and before these processes, preferably be no more than 140 ° locational position indicator, be suitable for separately interval, so that before the stroke of second place indicator, can handle the signal of expression primary importance indicator stroke simply greater than about 10 °.The interval of position indicator also should be convenient to make circular element in a moulding process.
And advantageously, select the angular breadth or the angular region of a position indicator big, thereby be easy to differentiate this two position indicators, and produce as hereinafter with the rotation direction information of detailed description than another.
Preferably, when engine rotates with correct direction, the bigger position indicator of sensing element senses after detecting less position indicator.This point especially needs under corresponding to setting of cylinder tdc position or situation about being provided with before it at position indicator.In the case, when cylinder pressure increases near TDC along with piston, the movement slows down of piston, and make second place indicator seem bigger than reality.In other words, when owing to piston makes circular element or dish velocity of rotation when slack-off near TDC, the time ratio piston that can detect second place indicator is longer during not near TDC.Thereby, if position indicator settle relatively, and make less indicator after big indicator by sensing element, then owing to the reduction of circular element velocity of rotation, less position indicator seems bigger when having.This can produce difficulty when two position indicators of identification.
Similarly, in order to be easy to discern when detecting the primary importance indicator or contingent afterwards rapid acceleration or deceleration regime, the aforementioned structure of position indicator also needs.With in like manner above-mentioned, the back also may correspondingly seem less or bigger along position indicator, so above-mentioned position indicator structure can solve this class problem easily.
Position And Velocity sensor of the present invention is particularly useful for single-barrel engine.The single-sensor device is beneficial to the situation that is applied to single-barrel engine, thereby can simplify the control unit of engine circuit, realizes saving the advantage of engine manufacturing cost.
But the Position And Velocity sensor can be used for multicylinder engine equally.For example, can adopt along the circular element periphery and be separated from each other such as 180 ° of equally spaced two sensor devices.In addition, also can adopt two indicators and sensor device that is arranged on the circular element.And, can also comprise one and separate the position indicator at 180 ° of intervals with first pair of position indicator.Under latter event, when dealing with the backward rotation direction with first pair of position indicator, the process of other cylinder regularly can be strengthened with the additional position indicator.
So, the time that above-mentioned engine speed and position transducer can provide position indicator to pass through, and under the situation of selecting the tdc position indicator for use, when the angular breadth that position indicator is different known, and when the position of position indicator and the relation between the tdc position were also known, the time of passing through of tdc position can calculate rapidly with simple method.Equally, the timing of main engine process such as spraying and igniting, can also be determined accurately, thereby controls the performance of engine well.This precision is particularly important to the toroidal swirl type two-cycle engine, and the timing ratio Otto cycle engine of fuel injection and ignition process is shorter and more close interval time in this engine, so require especially high.In the engine that this China invites the person is developing, the relation between the generation of ignition process and the generation of course of injection is even more important.That is,, begin to spray and light a fire and condition each other between initial for given speed-load character.
Preferably, position indicator can locate and arrange like this: the factor of width between second place indicator that the angular breadth between the position indicator detects when being the circular element rotation and the tdc position.Arrange like this to be easy to handle, and can adopt better simply shift register controller.
As mentioned above, engine location and speed pickup can also be used for determining the direction of engine rotation.So, the present invention also provides a kind of method of definite engine rotation direction, wherein a sensor device detects the stroke that is positioned at two position indicators of different angular breadth on the encoder wheel, it comprises: will with the data that extract in the corresponding electric signal of stroke of described position indicator by described sensor device under the engine condition, with compare corresponding to the data of the first rotation direction electric signal, and indicate with described first party in the opposite direction, the variation range of wherein said extraction data is than big corresponding to the tolerance interval of the described first rotation direction data.
Engine condition can be considered as for the first time rotating or engine is prepared to start or the electric signal that produced during idle running (being usually less than 2000rpm) usually.Preferably, position indicator has different angular breadth, so that its stroke by sensor device can produce the electric signal that is easy to discern, as mentioned before.
Although the whole electric signal that extract in the stroke of the position indicator by described sensor device under engine condition can be used for above-mentioned comparison, but, the data of extracting from electric signal are preferably more concentrated, and can select from signal duration, signal amplitude or other parameter or its differential.This can make processing procedure simpler, cost utilization factor height.
The data of extracting obtain from raw electrical signal " adjustment ".Mainly be that the data of extraction can make the useful or available part of more electric signal obtain handling.Therefore for example, the part of working during negative voltage is unwanted, and the data of extracting can be for example only draw according to first positive part of electric signal.Usually, be included in and extract the information that reduces in the data by easy-to-handle digital signal representation.The signal that extracts can be by certain algorithm process, so that the numerical value that draws with reference to inquiry map (look-up map) comparison in microprocessor or other device to be provided, to determine the rotation direction of engine.
In such an embodiment, for example according to following method, can be relatively and each position indicator corresponding signal duration, and after the result determines, just can obtain the rotation direction of engine.The primary importance indicator shorter than second place indicator with perimeter dimension is t by the corresponding duration of pulse of the stroke of sensor device
1The second place indicator bigger with perimeter dimension is t by the corresponding duration of pulse of the stroke of sensor device
2First pulse ending of corresponding primary importance indicator is t with time-delay between second pulse of corresponding second place indicator ends up
3, and the time-delay between the beginning of primary importance indicator pulse ending and the pulse of follow-up primary importance indicator is t
4If nt
3＜t
4, n is less than t
4/ t
3Any number, t wherein
4And t
3Calculate when engine rotates by correct direction, and this value is suitable selects so that carry out simple process with cheap microprocessor, then engine rotates by first correct direction.If nt
3＞t
4, then rotation direction is second the opposite way round opposite with first direction.t
4Also can multiply by a parameter m,, preferably equal 1 although any desired parameter can adopt.Allowing has error in the signal data.By detecting rotation direction, can avoid because its rotation condition that is badly damaged and causes engine damage.For example, detecting under the counter-rotational situation of engine, can stop the injection of fuel or take other action, as preventing igniting, engine is stopped.The condition place that this can allow the operator know to make mistakes simply, and allow the operator from new starting engine.This feature is specially adapted to manually boot engine, such as the engine of pulling starting and recoil startup.
Counter-rotational detection is suitable for promptly, making the indicator of big angular breadth normally pass through after the less indicator of angular breadth by first and second position indicators decision of arranging in a manner described.
So, according to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of method of definite engine rotation direction is provided, wherein detect the stroke that is positioned at the position indicator of two different angular breadth on the encoder wheel with a sensor device, so that the electric signal corresponding to each position indicator stroke to be provided, each signal has edge behind a forward position and, with each position indicator behind the corresponding electric signal along between the elapsed-time standards t of stroke
3Long-pending with coefficient n, and along with encoder wheel rotate and before and after the primary importance indicator that produces along between stroke last t
4Make comparisons, wherein n is less than t
4/ t
3And the situation according to correct rotation direction is calculated, and works as nt
3＜mt
4The time, confirm to rotate, and work as nt along correct direction
3＞mt
4The time, rotation is along the opposite way round.
Usually, n equals 2, and m equals 1, but can adopt with the conventional any multiplier realized of simple microprocessor.Can allow signal data that error is arranged.The present invention detects counter-rotational this aspect can comprise other variation.For example, t
3Can equal to follow behind the forward position of primary importance indicator and the second place indicator timing between the journey.t
4Can equal according to the timing that follows behind edge and the primary importance indicator behind the primary importance indicator of scrambler rotation order between the journey.
Detect counter-rotational said method, can be applicable to any multiple tooth scrambler with at least two its angular breadth position indicator different and that open along the encoder wheel peripheral intervals.。
For example, lose a tooth (actual 23 teeth) at 24 tooth scramblers, and the angular breadth of a position indicator A is than under the little situation of residual tooth B, A and B can be used from the identification rotation direction with interval one therebetween.
If engine rotates by correct direction, the expection order of process will be A, tooth of losing or interval B.If order is opposite, then be backward rotation.Advantageously, can the provider in identification, realize the indication of high-accuracy speed and position.
Preferably, sensor device is a simple structure, and magnetic resistance or inductive type sensor can think most convenient, although other sensor device as optical sensor and hall effect sensor etc., also can adopt.
By of the explanation of hereinafter with reference accompanying drawing to position and speed pickup structure and principle, can understand its principle of work better, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of sensor of the present invention and encoder wheel;
Fig. 2 represents the size of position indicator, a string electric signal that Fig. 1 sensor device produces, and the signal after the processing that is produced by corresponding igniting and course of injection control circuit in the two-cycle engine; And
A string electric signal that Fig. 3 presentation graphs 1 sensor device produces when being used for the backward rotation detection.
With reference to figure 1, wherein represent an encoder wheel 1 of rotating around imaginary axis 2 by engine (not shown) crankshaft length direction.Encoder wheel 1 with crankshaft speed synchronously, or rotate with the speed of the part of this speed (such as half).
Between encoder wheel 1 periphery is gone up across two position indicators, primary importance indicator 3 and second place indicator 4 are arranged.Second place indicator 4 has the angular breadth bigger than primary importance indicator 3.
Near the sensor 5 detected materials that position indicator 3 and 4 can be easily by magnetic material, reflecting material, maybe can be positioned at the encoder wheel 1 are made, and perhaps can contain some these material.Sensor 5 is positioned, and preferably is close to encoder wheel 1, so that can detect position indicator 3 and 4 strokes by sensor 5 successively.Comprise at position indicator 3 and 4 under the situation of magnetic material, sensor 5 can be the reluctance type sensors that detects change of magnetic field strength during position indicator 3 and 4 passes through.In brief, magnetic material produces the voltage that can write down by the stroke of reluctance type sensors in this sensor, and the definite of its amplitude can be used to provide an electric signal, this signal to represent stroke shown in Fig. 2 trajectory A described hereinafter.
Certainly, sensor 5 is the sensor of magnetic resistance type not necessarily, and code wheel 1 also not necessarily comprises magnetic material.Although it is preferred adopting cheap sensor, are the strokes that can detect position indicator 3 and 4 rapidly to unique requirement of sensor 5.For example, optical sensor can be used for the variation of detection of reflected rate or transmitance at position indicator 3 and 4 during by sensor 5, perhaps also can use Hall effect or other sensor.
And position indicator 3 and 4 is flute profile not necessarily, and any other easy design of groove or indicator 3 and 4 also can use.Moreover, preferably adopt the indicator structure of not only cheap but also the position that is easy to detect.Mainly be to be easy to the stroke of detection position indicator 3 and 4 and to be easy to utilize the electric signal that characterizes position indicator 3 and 4 strokes, to be provided at Useful Information in the internal combustion engine control procedure.
And, if the angular breadth of position indicator 3 and 4 is too little, following problems may appear.Should be understood that in normal working conditions the bent axle of engine is to present variable acceleration or moderating process.And, in the once rotation that this of short duration acceleration or moderating process can occur in engine.This variable acceleration or the potential impact of moderating process can reflect from the trajectory B of Fig. 2, wherein express each position indicator 3 and 4 pairing signals.When the angular breadth of position indicator more near the time, signal is also more similar.If the parameter of quickening and slowing down works, will find, represent the signal of each position indicator 3 and 4 strokes may be more alike, in the case, can not carry out the identification between signal, and this for determine rotation direction, to spray and ignition process regularly accurate control so that for effective work of engine, all be crucial.Under the condition of variable acceleration or deceleration, it is almost useless that in fact sensor 5 becomes.
For example, if the bigger position indicator 4 of angular breadth is only slightly greater than another location indicator 3, and bigger indicator 4 passes through sensor 5 after less indicator 3, the then of short duration accelerated motion that encoder wheel 1 takes place after less indicator 3 is by sensor 5 or during passing through just, the signal that will cause big indicator 4 strokes to be produced seems less, because it is very fast by the speed in sensor 5 strokes.In the case, the signal that produces of two indicators 3 and 4 strokes may be a undistinguishable.Thereby cause relatively poor identification ability.This problem can be avoided by the angular breadth of suitable selector marker 3 and 4.
Specific to used different angular breadth, position indicator 3 and 4 the mid point α angle that is separated from each other, this angle is enough to realize that position indicator 3 and 4 is by the identifications between the pairing electric signal of sensor 5 strokes in whole acceleration that engine experiences probably and/or reduction range.This also can determine by repetition test, and the angle between position indicator 3 and 4 mid points is suitable for finishing identification under most of engine conditions 10 ° to 40 ° scope.Similar with it, the ratio R of position indicator 3 and 4 angular breadth is 1.5: 1 to 3: 1, and acceptable identification will be provided under engine condition.However, the ratio R that is noted that different position indicator 3 and 4 angular breadth can be used to adopt the occasion of other sensor, as hall effect sensor or optical sensor.As can be seen, under the situation of encoder wheel 1 shown in Figure 1, α is 25 ° and R equals 2: 1.
But the angular breadth that should be noted that position indicator can not surpass certain value when adopting zero point to detect, because this can cause generating can not determining of signal zero, as mentioned below available.And angular breadth should be not less than certain value, and is too little and can not be used for determining engine location and speed to avoid signal amplitude.
The position of the mid point of position indicator 4 on encoder wheel 1 separates a known angle width beta with respect to engine cylinder (not shown) inner carrier top dead centre (TDC) position.This tdc position simple table in Fig. 1 is shown " TDC ", and is determined by experiment.It should be noted that as mentioned before, if desired a tdc position indicator of selecting for use can be set on encoder wheel 1.
Angular breadth β can choose arbitrarily, but suits within the angular breadth that the main process of most of engine control occurs.Usually, β can be from TDC between 80 ° to 120 °.In encoder wheel 1 shown in Figure 1, β is near (BTDC) before the top dead centre 100 °.Within this section,, promptly spray and light a fire the most of processes that occur in the engine control.But the present invention is not limited to 0 ° to the 100 ° engine control process in the BTDC scope that appears at.Therefore, position indicator 3 and 4 is positioned on the encoder wheel 1 so that can under most of engine conditions needs light a fire and course of injection before determine angular velocity and positional information.
Referring now to Fig. 2,, position indicator 3 and 4 angular breadth, the electric signal trajectory that sensor 5 produces have wherein been represented when using Position And Velocity sensor of the present invention, and when gained handled back signal tracks trace and be used for engine control.Trajectory A represents the physical size of position indicator 3 and 4.Trajectory B is corresponding to the electric signal that produces from position indicator 3 and 4 stroke by sensor 5 (inductive type sensor) successively.Gained signal after trajectory C shows.When position indicator 3 during, induce a voltage signal by trajectory B representative near sensor 5.The voltage signal position part that comes from sensor 5 is used to deal with.So, when trajectory B rising signals when the predetermined threshold, be triggered along a corresponding to first of position indicator 3; Second is triggered along b when null value by c point place of the signal of trajectory B, and this c is accurately corresponding to the displacement center d of the position indicator 3 that provides accurate angle position reference point.The situation of position indicator 4 is similar with it.
As mentioned before, the position indicator 3 and 4 the order that passes through are asynchronous, and wherein the angular breadth of position indicator 3 is narrower than position indicator 4.When along with indicator 4 by sensor 5, the position time marquis that engine slows down and during near TDC corresponding to piston on the position indicator 4 on the encoder wheel 1, because narrow position indicator 3 pairing electric signal are easy to distinguish mutually with the position indicator 4 pairing electric signal that broaden, so recognition capability is improved.And the contrast between two electric signal is also strengthened, and it helps to discern and has improved the used Position And Velocity information quality of engine operation control.
As mentioned above, sensor 5 passes as each null value by position indicator 3,4 mid points of sensor 5 in response to by the position indicator 3 of sensor 5 and 4 the recording voltage that stroke induced.So the detection when the zero passage voltage stroke occurring can be discerned each position indicator 3 and the 4 mid points moment by sensor 5.And, be reflected in a certain given time position indicator 3,4 and just help to determine by the voltage signal amplitude of sensor 5 whether position indicator 3,4 has passed through sensor 5.According to said method, whenever position indicator 3 has passed through sensor 5, just can from the time that position indicator 4 is spent by sensor 5, determine the angular velocity of engine, that is to say that position indicator 3 and detection time of 4 are inequality.And, because tdc position all separates a known angular breadth with position indicator 3 and 4, so piston can be put at any given time with respect to the position of TDC and decides rapidly in the engine cylinder.In this way, can realize the accurate timing of power operation, such as the in good time injection and the igniting of fuel or air.By before needs are to these operation timing, establishing velocity of rotation, can under the situation that does not have complicated circuit and processing, precision be improved.
Therefore, being used to analyze the circuit of tdc position and other required process can be very simple.For example, known to encoder wheel 1 shown in Figure 1, the stroke of piston tdc position appears at after position indicator 4 mid points 100 ° and locates.And, the mid point of position indicator 3 before position indicator 4 mid points 25 ° locate by sensor 5, so position indicator 3 and 4 mid points can be used for determining the instantaneous velocity of engine rotation by the duration between the stroke of sensor 5.
So, the microprocessor that is used for determining tdc position can be programming to identify " TDC " by time-delay place of calculating after the stroke of sensor 5 at position indicator 4 mid points.In the present embodiment, multiply by the duration of writing down between position indicator 3 and the 4 mid points institute respective pulses with parameter 4 usually.Therefore, only shift function is arranged and do not have the microprocessor of how complicated multiplication function, can be used to provide accurate TDC regularly.If desired, can be included in that fuel sprays and the ignition process timing during more high-precision percentage function is arranged.This microprocessor can obtain easily and uses for those of ordinary skills.The time of calculating when TDC occurring then, can be as the reference time of the significant process institute foundation that will control in the engine control.Now it is made an explanation.
Direct fuel injection/air mixture also has the two-stroke cycle engine of a cylinder, usually at special angle BTDC spray mixture constantly.Through spark ignition after the of short duration time.This engine and used spraying system are disclosed among the applicant's the PCT patented claim No.PCT/AU94/00210, and its content that relates to is as the reference of this paper.When opening the injector nozzle of solenoid valve activation, the beginning course of injection, and ignition process takes place rapidly after the capacitor discharge generation pilot spark in the condenser type discharge ignition system.This condenser type discharge ignition system is disclosed among PCT patent application PCT/AU93/0064 of the applicant, and its content at this as a reference.But it should be noted that igniting not necessarily must be produced by the condenser type discharge ignition system, can adopt other known firing system.
In general, under the low situation of engine load and speed, the ending of injection timing will occur in 10 ° to 70 ° BTDC scopes, and generally appear at before the BTDC in 0 ° of-50 ° of scope, such as 25 ° for igniting.Under the top load condition of work, the injection of air and fuel can be carried out before lower dead center (BDC) position of engine strokes, especially when speed surpasses 3000rpm.Therefore, Position And Velocity sensor of the present invention can be used under low and top load condition of work determining that fuel sprays and the timing of ignition process.
The Position And Velocity sensor produces the signal corresponding to engine speed, then, obtains the time between position indicator 3 and the tdc position stroke.Can calculate the time of putting before the TDC that spray air and fuel thus.If select 75 ° of BTDC as the time of answering injection air and fuel arbitrarily, then the ECU that programmes with time-delay between position indicator 3 and 4 strokes will produce the signal t corresponding to this time-delay
1Then at position indicator 4 mid points by after the sensor 5, promptly because the mid point of position indicator 4 when detecting the voltage that produces in the reluctance type sensors 5 by making zero detector zero point, ECU need be at t
1Constantly open injector nozzle.
If needing igniting such as 50 ° of BTDC places, can equal 2t after finishing in the detection at zero point
1Time in realize by light up plug.This control can easily realize with cheap displacement function control device.If comprise percentage function, then can obtain higher precision.So, when 55 ° of BTDC, light a fire if desired, can be with the time t that after position indicator 4 mid point strokes, needs to finish injection that calculates by sensor 5
1, simply move 4 and multiply by a number percent 45%, so that to be provided the duration of ignition.
Similarly analysis can be used for determining high engine load and injection and ignition timing when high-speed.
Consider now whether Position And Velocity sensor engine presses the method that correct direction is rotated, can represent that wherein can be used for the device that backward rotation detects with reference to figure 3.
Each position indicator 3 and 4 cost regular hours are by sensor 5.Position indicator 3 can be expressed as t by the used time of sensor 5 strokes
1, and position indicator 4 can be expressed as t by the used time of sensor 5 strokes
2The time of stroke cost can be expressed as t between position indicator edge, 3 back and the position indicator 3 advancing forward positions
4The time of stroke cost can be expressed as t between position indicator edge, 3 back and the edge, position indicator 4 back
3As shown in Figure 3.
Microprocessor can be at twice t then
3With t
4Between make comparisons.If 2t
3＜t
4, then correct direction is rotated.If 2t
3＞t
4, then rotation direction is incorrect, and engine will quit work.As implied above, this can spray by the fuel that suspends engine or igniting realizes.Fig. 3 emphasizes, t under the situation that correct direction is rotated
4Compare t
3Much bigger, so this comparison can be used for determining the rotation direction of engine very effectively.As can be seen from Figure 3, under the incorrect situation of rotation direction, t
3Especially near t
4And aforementioned algorithm or comparison program can produce good effect in multiple tooth scrambler, and this multiple tooth scrambler is greatly more than two teeth, such as 24 teeth, and have two can be by the position indicator of the method identification identical with two position indicators of the present invention.
Although parameter 2 is used to suppose n＜t in the foregoing description
4/ t
3, when then calculating on the correct basis of rotation direction, any suitable multiplier n can use, and considers that for being convenient to handle parameter 2 is preferred certainly.
The manufacturing of encoder wheel 1 can be finished at low cost with cheap marking press through simple coining manipulation, even and sensor 5 and microcontroller circuit also can obtain easily and at an easy rate in developing country.When encoder wheel 1 of the present invention is used under the occasion that position indicator 3 and 4 is close together each other, cheap impression is feasible, and simple impression is handled and can be satisfied whole requirements of producing final encoder wheel.So, be applicable to that for example the scrambler of motor scooter can be made at an easy rate.
Those of ordinary skills can do various changes or change to the foregoing description.This change or change all belong to scope of the present invention.For example, sensor 5 can be arranged on the encoder wheel 1, and position indicator 3 and 4 is positioned on the fixed position adjacent with encoder wheel 1, so as with sensor 5 responses of rotating.
Claims (22)
1. engine location and speed pickup comprise:
One can be around the circular element of its driving with the speed rotation directly related with engine speed, and described circular element is equipped with two separated position indicators of different angular breadth on its circumference;
Sensor device with respect to described circular element location, this sensor device is suitable for detecting the stroke of each described position indicator process and produces electric signal respectively in response to described each stroke when circular element rotates, the position indicator that it is characterized in that producing this electric signal have the angular breadth feature and
Handle electric signal to produce the device of position, relevant circular element angle and angular velocity information.
2. engine location as claimed in claim 1 and speed pickup, wherein two position indicators are the independent position indicators that are placed on the circular element.
3. engine location as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and speed pickup, wherein said sensor device are suitable for producing from described electric signal the information of expression circular element rotation direction.
4. described engine location of arbitrary as described above claim and speed pickup, wherein this position indicator is detected by this sensor device successively, thereby detects second place indicator soon after detecting the primary importance indicator.
5. described engine location of arbitrary as described above claim and speed pickup, wherein two position indicators distance of separating is chosen to make them to be easy to each other distinguish.
6. described engine location of arbitrary as described above claim and speed pickup, wherein two position indicators are placed on the circular element, in the time of need lighting a fire and spray with box lunch, can shift to an earlier date and promptly determine angular velocity and positional information.
7. engine location as claimed in claim 4 and speed pickup, wherein said primary importance indicator are placed in from circular element in the specific angle width range that the position corresponding to the top dead center position of piston the engine cylinder begins.
8. engine location as claimed in claim 7 and speed pickup, wherein said second place indicator is placed between described primary importance indicator and the described top dead center position.
9. described engine location of arbitrary claim and speed pickup in the claim 4 to 8 as described above, wherein the primary importance indicator is positioned at from the circular element within the circular arc corresponding to 140 ° of the positions of top dead center position.
10. described engine location of arbitrary claim and speed pickup in the claim 4 to 9 as described above, wherein said second place indicator is positioned at described primary importance indicator the place ahead and is not less than 10 ° circular arc place.
11. described engine location of arbitrary claim and speed pickup in the claim 4 to 10 as described above, wherein said second place indicator is between 15 ° of described primary importance indicator the place ahead and 25 ° of arcs.
12. described engine location of arbitrary claim and speed pickup in the claim 4 to 11 as described above, wherein to be positioned to the angular breadth that makes therebetween be the factor of the angular breadth between second place indicator and the top dead center position to position indicator.
13. described engine location of arbitrary as described above claim and speed pickup, wherein position indicator is according to the arrangement that can be closely adjacent to each other by the mode that the impression processing is made easily.
14. described engine location of arbitrary as described above claim and speed pickup, wherein the position at position indicator place be with the corresponding position of top dead center position outside the position.
15. described engine location of arbitrary as described above claim and speed pickup, wherein the position at position indicator place be with injection or the corresponding position of ignition process outside the position.
16. described engine location of arbitrary claim and speed pickup in the claim 4 to 15 as described above, wherein the angular breadth of primary importance indicator is less than the angular breadth of second place indicator.
17. engine location as claimed in claim 16 and speed pickup, wherein bigger second place indicator is detected by sensor device after less primary importance indicator.
18. described engine location of arbitrary as described above claim and speed pickup, wherein engine is a single-barrel engine.
19. method of utilizing described engine location of claim 1 and speed pickup to determine the engine rotation direction, wherein sensor device provides one in response to the electric signal of each position indicator forward position of passing through this sensor device with the stroke on edge, back, and described method comprises:
Stroke in response to each position indicator forward position and edge, back produces a corresponding signal, wherein with after each position indicator corresponding electric signal along between the elapsed-time standards t of stroke
3Long-pending with coefficient n, and along with circular element rotate and before and after the primary importance indicator that produces along between stroke last t
4Make comparisons, wherein n is less than t
4/ t
3Thereby, work as nt
3＜mt
4The time, confirming to rotate is along correct direction, works as nt
3＞mt
4The time, the direction of rotation is wrong.
20. the method for a definite engine rotation direction, wherein detect the stroke that is positioned at two position indicators on the encoder wheel with a sensor device, it comprises: will with the data extracted in the corresponding electric signal of stroke of described position indicator by described sensor device under the engine condition, with compare corresponding to the electrical signal data of first rotation direction, and described extraction data with during greater than tolerance interval, indicate detected rotation direction opposite corresponding to the difference of the data of described first rotation direction with above-mentioned first direction.
21. the method for a definite engine rotation direction, wherein detect the stroke that is positioned at two position indicators on the encoder wheel with a sensor device, so that the electric signal corresponding to each position indicator stroke to be provided, each signal has edge behind a forward position and, with after each position indicator corresponding electric signal along between the elapsed-time standards t of stroke
3Long-pending with coefficient n, and along with encoder wheel rotate and before and after the primary importance indicator that produces along between stroke last t
4Make comparisons, thereby work as nt
3＜t
4The time, confirm to rotate along correct direction, work as nt
3＞t
4The time, rotation is along the opposite way round.
22. as the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 20 to 22, wherein n equals 2, m equals 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96199099 CN1205773A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1996-11-20 | Position and Speed Electronic Sensors |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPN6675 | 1995-11-20 | ||
| CN 96199099 CN1205773A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1996-11-20 | Position and Speed Electronic Sensors |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1205773A true CN1205773A (en) | 1999-01-20 |
Family
ID=5129319
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96199099 Pending CN1205773A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1996-11-20 | Position and Speed Electronic Sensors |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1205773A (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100383530C (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2008-04-23 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Steering angular velocity computing device and steering angular velocity computing method |
| CN100395807C (en) * | 2005-02-02 | 2008-06-18 | 蔡彦雄 | Dot-matrix graphic display device for rotating parts |
| CN104597278A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 昆山德拉特兰传动科技有限公司 | Detection wheel with directionality and method for detecting running speed and running direction of vehicle at same time |
| CN104863984A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-26 | 贵州派腾科技服务有限公司 | Novel automobile clutch |
| CN105510036A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-04-20 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | Sensor and method for detecting stop phase of engine |
| CN106645786A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 深圳市优必选科技有限公司 | Permanent magnet synchronous motor speed detection method and device |
| CN106771326A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 威科达（东莞）智能控制有限公司 | A Method of Measuring Speed Based on Incremental Photoelectric Encoder |
| CN107532529A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2018-01-02 | 法国大陆汽车公司 | For the method and apparatus for the reverse rotation for detecting explosive motor |
| CN108871183A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-23 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | A kind of shaft angle monitor device for spacecraft mechanism |
| CN110646634A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-03 | 清华大学 | Method and device for accurately measuring wheel speed, vehicle and storage medium |
| CN112041687A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2020-12-04 | 本特利内华达有限责任公司 | Reverse direction detection for rotary machines |
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- 1996-11-20 CN CN 96199099 patent/CN1205773A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100383530C (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2008-04-23 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Steering angular velocity computing device and steering angular velocity computing method |
| CN100395807C (en) * | 2005-02-02 | 2008-06-18 | 蔡彦雄 | Dot-matrix graphic display device for rotating parts |
| CN104597278A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 昆山德拉特兰传动科技有限公司 | Detection wheel with directionality and method for detecting running speed and running direction of vehicle at same time |
| CN104863984A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-26 | 贵州派腾科技服务有限公司 | Novel automobile clutch |
| CN107532529A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2018-01-02 | 法国大陆汽车公司 | For the method and apparatus for the reverse rotation for detecting explosive motor |
| CN107532529B (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2019-11-26 | 法国大陆汽车公司 | Method and device for detecting reverse rotation of internal combustion engine |
| CN105510036A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-04-20 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | Sensor and method for detecting stop phase of engine |
| CN106771326A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 威科达（东莞）智能控制有限公司 | A Method of Measuring Speed Based on Incremental Photoelectric Encoder |
| CN106771326B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-04-23 | 威科达（东莞）智能控制有限公司 | Method for measuring speed based on incremental photoelectric encoder |
| CN106645786B (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2019-11-15 | 深圳市优必选科技有限公司 | Permanent magnet synchronous motor speed detection method and device |
| CN106645786A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 深圳市优必选科技有限公司 | Permanent magnet synchronous motor speed detection method and device |
| CN112041687A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2020-12-04 | 本特利内华达有限责任公司 | Reverse direction detection for rotary machines |
| CN108871183A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-23 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | A kind of shaft angle monitor device for spacecraft mechanism |
| CN110646634A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-03 | 清华大学 | Method and device for accurately measuring wheel speed, vehicle and storage medium |
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