CN120576007A - A waste pressure turbine power generation, refrigeration and waste heat recovery system based on synthesis gas internal combustion engine power generation - Google Patents
A waste pressure turbine power generation, refrigeration and waste heat recovery system based on synthesis gas internal combustion engine power generationInfo
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- CN120576007A CN120576007A CN202511086741.0A CN202511086741A CN120576007A CN 120576007 A CN120576007 A CN 120576007A CN 202511086741 A CN202511086741 A CN 202511086741A CN 120576007 A CN120576007 A CN 120576007A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
- F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种基于合成气内燃机发电的余压透平发电制冷及余热回收利用系统，包括合成气预处理模块、透平发电模块、内燃机发电模块、气液分离罐I、余热利用模块及制冷循环模块，透平发电模块包括依次连接的透平膨胀发电机I、换热器I、透平膨胀发电机II、换热器II、透平膨胀发电机III和换热器III，透平膨胀发电机III出口与内燃机发电模块的进气口连通，换热器I、换热器II和换热器III分别连接设置有二氧化碳气体管路，换热器I、换热器II和换热器III输出连接气液分离罐I，制冷循环模块包括溴化锂制冷机、储液罐I、供液泵I、储液罐II和供液泵II。本发明实现了能量的梯级高效利用，余热达到回收，具有环保性能，系统综合能效大大提高。
The present invention discloses a waste-pressure turbine power generation, refrigeration, and waste heat recovery system based on syngas internal combustion engine power generation. The system comprises a syngas pretreatment module, a turbine power generation module, an internal combustion engine power generation module, a gas-liquid separator tank I, a waste heat utilization module, and a refrigeration cycle module. The turbine power generation module comprises a turbine expansion generator I, a heat exchanger I, a turbine expansion generator II, a heat exchanger II, a turbine expansion generator III, and a heat exchanger III, which are connected in sequence. The outlet of the turbine expansion generator III is connected to the air inlet of the internal combustion engine power generation module. Heat exchangers I, II, and III are each connected to a carbon dioxide gas pipeline. The outputs of heat exchangers I, II, and III are connected to the gas-liquid separator tank I. The refrigeration cycle module comprises a lithium bromide refrigerator, a liquid storage tank I, a liquid supply pump I, a liquid storage tank II, and a liquid supply pump II. The present invention achieves cascaded and efficient energy utilization, recovers waste heat, is environmentally friendly, and significantly improves the overall energy efficiency of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy utilization, in particular to a residual pressure turbine power generation refrigeration and waste heat recycling system based on power generation of a synthetic gas internal combustion engine.
Background
Under the background of increasingly prominent energy shortage and environmental pollution problems, the efficient utilization of synthesis gas as a clean energy generated by gasifying raw materials such as coal, biomass, garbage and the like is widely focused. The power generation technology of the synthesis gas internal combustion engine becomes one of important modes of energy conversion of the synthesis gas due to the advantages of strong fuel adaptability, flexible arrangement and the like. However, the current power generation system of the synthetic gas internal combustion engine still has obvious defects in the aspects of energy cascade utilization, waste heat recovery, environmental protection performance and the like, and the improvement of the comprehensive energy efficiency is restricted.
In the prior art, the pretreatment process of the synthesis gas before entering the internal combustion engine is relatively simple, and the pressure energy and the heat energy carried by the synthesis gas cannot be fully utilized by only a single purification or cooling step. For example, the combustion efficiency is affected due to unstable air intake of the internal combustion engine caused by pressure fluctuation in the conveying process of the synthetic gas, and meanwhile, if the carbon dioxide component contained in the synthetic gas directly enters the internal combustion engine, the combustion efficiency is reduced, and the emission of greenhouse gases in the exhaust gas is increased. In addition, although partial systems attempt to perform primary expansion power generation on the synthesis gas, the design of staged recovery power generation on the expansion process is lacking, so that the pressure energy of the high-pressure synthesis gas cannot be converted step by step efficiently, and energy waste is caused.
In the waste heat recovery link, the traditional synthetic gas internal combustion engine system has a single utilization form of waste heat of exhaust smoke and waste heat of cooling water of a cylinder. Most systems only use the exhaust gas waste heat for simple heating or direct discharge, and the multifunctional utilization of the waste heat is realized without combining the process requirements, and the waste heat of the cylinder water of the internal combustion engine usually radiates heat only through cooling circulation and cannot be linked with refrigeration equipment, so that the medium-low temperature waste heat is wasted.
In addition, the integration level of the carbon dioxide recovery technology in the synthesis gas is low in the existing system, most of carbon dioxide recovery devices are independent of the power generation system, extra energy consumption is needed for separation and purification, the energy consumption of the system is increased, and the overall economy is reduced.
Aiming at the problems, how to construct a set of integrated system capable of realizing the hierarchical recovery of the pressure energy of the synthetic gas, the cascade utilization of the waste heat, the efficient capture of the carbon dioxide and the multi-energy collaborative supply becomes the key for improving the energy utilization efficiency of the synthetic gas, and in order to break through the bottleneck of low comprehensive energy efficiency and single function of the current synthetic gas internal combustion engine system, the invention designs a system integration and optimization technology for the waste pressure turbine power generation refrigeration and waste heat recovery system based on the power generation of the synthetic gas internal combustion engine.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the problems set forth in the background art. The invention provides a residual pressure turbine power generation refrigeration and waste heat recycling system based on power generation of a synthetic gas internal combustion engine.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides the technical scheme that the residual pressure turbine power generation, refrigeration and waste heat recycling system based on the power generation of the synthesis gas internal combustion engine comprises a synthesis gas pretreatment module, a turbine power generation module, an internal combustion engine power generation module, a gas-liquid separation tank I, a waste heat utilization module and a refrigeration cycle module;
the synthesis gas pretreatment module comprises a heat exchanger I, a heat exchanger II and a gas-liquid separation tank II which are sequentially connected, and a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank II is connected with the turbine power generation module;
The turbine power generation module comprises a turbine expansion power generator I, a heat exchanger I, a turbine expansion power generator II, a heat exchanger II, a turbine expansion power generator III and a heat exchanger III which are sequentially connected, wherein an outlet of the turbine expansion power generator III is communicated with an air inlet of the internal combustion engine power generation module, the heat exchanger I, the heat exchanger II and the heat exchanger III are respectively connected with a carbon dioxide gas pipeline, outputs of the heat exchanger I, the heat exchanger II and the heat exchanger III are connected with a gas-liquid separation tank I, and an output of the gas-liquid separation tank I is provided with a liquid carbon dioxide pipeline and a noncondensable gas exhaust pipeline;
The waste heat utilization module comprises a heat exchanger IV, a denitration device and a biomass dryer, the power generation module of the internal combustion engine comprises an internal combustion engine and a generator, the smoke outlet of the internal combustion engine is connected with the heat exchanger IV, the heat exchanger IV is connected with the denitration device, and the outlet of the denitration device is connected with the biomass dryer;
The refrigerating cycle module comprises a lithium bromide refrigerator, a liquid storage tank I, a liquid supply pump I, a liquid storage tank II and a liquid supply pump II, wherein an internal combustion engine is provided with a cylinder water circulation pipeline, a heat exchanger V and a liquid supply pump III are arranged on the cylinder water circulation pipeline, the lithium bromide refrigerator is connected with the heat exchanger V, a refrigerant outlet of the lithium bromide refrigerator is connected with an inlet of the liquid storage tank I, an outlet of the liquid storage tank I is connected with the liquid storage tank II through the liquid supply pump I and the output of the heat exchanger II, an outgoing cold equipment pipeline is arranged at the output of the liquid supply pump I, an external cold equipment pipeline is arranged between the liquid supply pump I and the heat exchanger II, the liquid storage tank II is input to the lithium bromide refrigerator through the liquid supply pump II, and an external cold equipment pipeline is connected on an input pipeline of the liquid storage tank II in parallel.
As a preferred aspect of the invention, the initial syngas of the syngas pretreatment module is desulfurized and dehydrated syngas, with a dew point temperature of 0 to-60 ℃.
In the embodiment, the arrangement can avoid corrosion of subsequent equipment caused by sulfur and moisture in the synthesis gas and avoid influencing the operation efficiency of the system.
Preferably, the cold side medium of the heat exchanger II is a refrigerant generated by a lithium bromide refrigerator, and the cold side inlet temperature of the heat exchanger II is 3-30 ℃.
As preferable mode of the invention, a drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the gas-liquid separation tank II, and a drain pipeline is arranged on the drain valve.
Preferably, the heat exchanger I, the heat exchanger II, the heat exchanger III, the heat exchanger IV and the heat exchanger V are all plate heat exchangers.
As the preferable mode of the invention, the connecting pipelines of the carbon dioxide gas pipeline and the heat exchanger I, the heat exchanger II and the heat exchanger III are respectively provided with a flowmeter, a thermometer and a regulating valve, the heat exchanger I, the heat exchanger II and the heat exchanger III are provided with inlet and outlet temperature sensors, the flowmeter and the thermometer are used for monitoring, and the regulating valve and the inlet and outlet temperature sensors form interlocking control.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the operating pressure of the gas-liquid separation tank I is 0.8-3.0MPa, the operating temperature is-30-10 ℃, and the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide pipeline is connected with a low-temperature storage tank.
Preferably, the exhaust temperature of the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine is 450-550 ℃.
As preferable mode of the invention, the refrigerating capacity of the lithium bromide refrigerator is adjusted to be 100-1000kW, the inlet water temperature of the heat source is 80-95 ℃, and the outlet water temperature is 70-75 ℃.
As preferable flow regulation ranges of the liquid supply pump I and the liquid supply pump II are 5-50m 3/h, the liquid supply pump I and the liquid level sensor of the liquid storage tank I form interlocking control, and the liquid supply pump II and the liquid level sensor of the liquid storage tank II form interlocking control.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. The synthesis gas firstly enters a synthesis gas pretreatment module, performs primary heat exchange and cooling in a heat exchanger I, then enters a heat exchanger II, performs heat exchange with a refrigerant generated by a lithium bromide refrigerator, further reduces the temperature, then enters a gas-liquid separation tank II, separates liquid substances generated by cooling in the synthesis gas, discharges the separated liquid substances through the gas-liquid separation tank II, enters a turbine power generation module in which the synthesis gas firstly enters a turbine expansion power generator I by utilizing high-pressure potential energy, drives the turbine expansion power generator I to work for power generation, then enters the heat exchanger I, performs heat exchange with carbon dioxide input by a carbon dioxide gas pipeline, then enters the turbine expansion power generator II for power generation, then performs heat exchange with the carbon dioxide through the heat exchanger II, and then enters the turbine expansion power generator III for power generation, the heat exchange is carried out between the heat exchanger III and the carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide coming out from the heat exchanger I, the heat exchanger II and the heat exchanger III enters a gas-liquid separation tank I for rectification, the obtained liquid carbon dioxide and non-condensable gas can be subjected to graded recovery and power generation by the turbine expansion power generator I, the turbine expansion power generator II and the turbine expansion power generator III, the step-by-step efficient conversion is achieved, the heat exchanger I, the heat exchanger II and the heat exchanger III are utilized for gradually cooling the synthesis gas, the beneficial condition is created for the recovery of the liquid carbon dioxide, the cold energy in the cooling process of the synthesis gas is utilized for condensation and separation of the carbon dioxide, the recovery rate of the liquid carbon dioxide is more than 90 percent, the high-efficiency capture of the carbon dioxide recovery is realized, the separation and purification of extra consumed energy sources are not needed, the energy consumption of a system is avoided, the economical efficiency is ensured, and secondly, carbon dioxide components are prevented from directly entering an internal combustion engine, combustion efficiency is ensured, the emission of greenhouse gases in smoke exhaust is prevented from being increased, non-condensable gases can be directly discharged or further utilized, the synthetic gas after passing through a turbine expansion generator III enters the internal combustion engine of an internal combustion engine power generation module to be combusted and generated, the exhaust gas waste heat of the internal combustion engine is processed by a heat exchanger IV and a denitration device and then is used for drying a biomass dryer, and the exhaust gas waste heat of cylinder water is used for driving a lithium bromide refrigerator to refrigerate after passing through the heat exchanger V, so that the whole process realizes the cascade efficient utilization of energy, waste heat is recovered, the environment-friendly performance is realized, and the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system is greatly improved.
2. The lithium bromide refrigerator uses the residual heat of the cylinder water as a driving heat source, the generated refrigerant is not only used for cooling the synthesis gas by the heat exchanger II of the synthesis gas pretreatment module, but also can be used for cooling external equipment by an outgoing cooling equipment pipeline, and meanwhile, flexible linkage with an external refrigerating system is realized by the external system cooling equipment pipeline and an external incoming cooling equipment pipeline, so that the dependence on electric power refrigeration is reduced, the refrigerating system has high integration level, is linked with the refrigerating equipment, and the medium-low temperature residual heat is recycled, so that the energy-saving effect is remarkable.
3. The whole set of system realizes an integrated system of pressure energy grading recovery, waste heat cascade utilization, efficient carbon dioxide trapping and multi-energy cooperative supply of the synthesis gas, greatly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the synthesis gas, and has the characteristics of high comprehensive energy efficiency and rich functions of the synthesis gas internal combustion engine system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system principle of the present invention;
In the figure, 1, a gas-liquid separation tank I, 2, a heat exchanger I, 3, a heat exchanger II, 4, a gas-liquid separation tank II, 5, a turboexpansion generator I, 6, a heat exchanger I, 7, a turboexpansion generator II, 8, a heat exchanger II, 9, a turboexpansion generator III, 10, a heat exchanger III, 11, a carbon dioxide gas pipeline, 12, a liquid carbon dioxide pipeline, 13, a non-condensable gas discharge pipeline, 14, a heat exchanger IV, 15, a denitration device, 16, a biomass dryer, 17, an internal combustion engine, 18, a generator, 19, a lithium bromide refrigerator, 20, a liquid storage tank I, 21, a liquid supply pump I, 22, a liquid storage tank II, 23, a liquid supply pump II, 24, a cylinder water circulation pipeline, 25, a heat exchanger V, 26, a liquid supply pump III, 27, an outgoing cold equipment pipeline, 28, an external system cold equipment pipeline, 29, an external cold equipment pipeline, 30, an expansion machine, 31, an expansion generator, 32, a blow-down valve, 33 and a liquid discharge pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
Referring to FIG. 1, the invention provides a technical scheme that a system for generating, refrigerating and recycling waste heat by a residual pressure turbine based on power generation of a synthetic gas internal combustion engine comprises a synthetic gas pretreatment module, a turbine power generation module, an internal combustion engine power generation module, a gas-liquid separation tank I1, a waste heat utilization module and a refrigeration cycle module;
the synthesis gas pretreatment module comprises a heat exchanger I2, a heat exchanger II3 and a gas-liquid separation tank II4 which are sequentially connected, and a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank II4 is connected with the turbine power generation module;
The turbine power generation module comprises a turbine expansion power generator I5, a heat exchanger I6, a turbine expansion power generator II7, a heat exchanger II8, a turbine expansion power generator III9 and a heat exchanger III10 which are sequentially connected, wherein an outlet of the turbine expansion power generator III9 is communicated with an air inlet of the internal combustion engine power generation module, the heat exchanger I6, the heat exchanger II8 and the heat exchanger III10 are respectively connected with a carbon dioxide gas pipeline 11, the output of the heat exchanger I6, the heat exchanger II8 and the heat exchanger III10 is connected with a gas-liquid separation tank I1, and the output of the gas-liquid separation tank I1 is provided with a liquid carbon dioxide pipeline 12 and a noncondensable gas exhaust pipeline 13;
The waste heat utilization module comprises a heat exchanger IV14, a denitration device 15 and a biomass dryer 16, the internal combustion engine power generation module comprises an internal combustion engine 17 and a generator 18, a smoke outlet of the internal combustion engine 17 is connected with the heat exchanger IV14, the heat exchanger IV14 is connected with the denitration device 15, and an outlet of the denitration device 15 is connected with the biomass dryer 16;
The refrigeration cycle module comprises a lithium bromide refrigerator 19, a liquid storage tank I20, a liquid supply pump I21, a liquid storage tank II22 and a liquid supply pump II23, wherein the internal combustion engine 17 is provided with a cylinder water circulation pipeline 24, a heat exchanger V25 and a liquid supply pump III26 are arranged on the cylinder water circulation pipeline 24, the lithium bromide refrigerator 19 is connected with the heat exchanger V25, a refrigerant outlet of the lithium bromide refrigerator 19 is connected with an inlet of the liquid storage tank I20, an outlet of the liquid storage tank I20 is output and connected with the liquid storage tank II22 after passing through the liquid supply pump I21 and the heat exchanger II3, an outgoing cold equipment pipeline 27 is output by the liquid supply pump I21, an external cold equipment pipeline 28 is arranged between the liquid supply pump I21 and the heat exchanger II3, the liquid storage tank II22 is input to the lithium bromide refrigerator 19 through the liquid supply pump II23, and an external cold equipment pipeline 29 is connected on an input pipeline of the liquid storage tank II22 in parallel.
In this embodiment, the synthesis gas first enters a synthesis gas pretreatment module, performs preliminary heat exchange and cooling in a heat exchanger I2, then enters a heat exchanger II3, performs heat exchange with a refrigerant generated by a lithium bromide refrigerator 19, further reduces the temperature, then enters a gas-liquid separation tank II4, separates liquid substances generated by cooling in the synthesis gas, and discharges the separated liquid substances through the gas-liquid separation tank II4, and a gas phase part enters a turbine power generation module, wherein the synthesis gas enters a turbine expansion generator I5 by utilizing high-pressure potential energy to drive the turbine expansion generator I5 to work for power generation, then enters a heat exchanger I6, performs heat exchange with carbon dioxide input by a carbon dioxide pipeline 11, then enters a turbine expansion generator II7 for power generation, then performs heat exchange with carbon dioxide through a heat exchanger II8, then enters a turbine expansion generator III9 for power generation, performs heat exchange with carbon dioxide through a heat exchanger III10, and then receives a heat exchange with carbon dioxide from a heat exchanger I6, The carbon dioxide from the heat exchanger II8 and the heat exchanger III10 enters a gas-liquid separation tank I1 for rectification, and the obtained liquid carbon dioxide and non-condensable gas pass through a turboexpansion generator I5, a turboexpansion generator II7 and a turboexpansion generator III9, so that the high-pressure potential energy of the synthesized gas can be recycled in a grading manner for generating power, the gradual high-efficiency conversion is achieved, and meanwhile, the heat exchanger I6 is utilized, The heat exchanger II8 and the heat exchanger III10 gradually cool the synthesis gas, create favorable conditions for liquid carbon dioxide recovery, utilize the cold energy in the cooling process of the synthesis gas to condense and separate the carbon dioxide gas, the recovery rate of the liquid carbon dioxide reaches more than 90%, the carbon dioxide recovery is efficiently captured, no extra consumed energy is needed for separation and purification, the increase of energy consumption of the system is avoided, the economy is ensured, secondly, the direct entry of carbon dioxide components into the internal combustion engine 17 is avoided, the combustion efficiency is ensured, the increase of the emission of greenhouse gases in exhaust gas is avoided, the noncondensable gas can be directly discharged or further utilized, the synthesis gas after passing through the turbine expansion generator III9 enters the internal combustion engine 17 of the power generation module for combustion power generation, the exhaust gas waste heat of the internal combustion engine 17 is processed by the heat exchanger IV14 and the denitration device 15 and then used for drying the biomass dryer 16, the exhaust gas waste heat of the internal combustion engine can be applied to other functional equipment, the exhaust gas waste heat of the cylinder water is driven by the lithium bromide refrigerator 19 for refrigeration after passing through the heat exchanger V25, the whole process is realized, the waste heat recovery is realized, the environmental protection performance is realized, and the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system is greatly improved; the lithium bromide refrigerator 19 takes the residual heat of the cylinder water as a driving heat source, the generated refrigerant is not only used for cooling the synthesis gas by the heat exchanger II3 of the synthesis gas pretreatment module, but also can be used for cooling external equipment by the outgoing cooling equipment pipeline 27, meanwhile, flexible linkage with an external refrigerating system is realized by the external system cooling equipment pipeline 28 and the external incoming cooling equipment pipeline 29, the dependence on electric power refrigeration is reduced, the refrigerating system has high integration level, the refrigerating system is linked with the refrigerating equipment, the medium-low temperature residual heat is recycled, the energy-saving effect is obvious, and the whole system realizes the graded recycling of the pressure energy of the synthesis gas, the integrated system for cascade utilization of waste heat, efficient capture of carbon dioxide and multi-energy collaborative supply greatly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the synthesis gas and has the characteristics of high comprehensive energy efficiency and rich functions of the synthesis gas internal combustion engine system.
Specifically, the number of stages and the number of turboexpansion generators, including one or more stages, required by the turbine power generation module is set according to actual demands, and the number of heat exchangers may be set according to actual demands. The heat exchanger I2 performs preliminary heat exchange and cooling by adopting a low-temperature medium. The internal combustion engine power generation module comprises an internal combustion engine 17, a generator 18 and a control system, wherein the internal combustion engine 17 is used as power to drive the generator 18 to operate, and the device converts chemical energy of fuel into electric energy. The turbine expansion generator I5, the turbine expansion generator II7 and the turbine expansion generator III9 respectively comprise an expander 30 and an expansion generator 31, and the conventional prior art components are adopted, so that the device has the characteristics of high energy recovery efficiency, stable and reliable operation, excellent environmental protection performance, accurate top pressure control, small noise vibration, strong adaptability, good heat dissipation performance and high energy conversion rate. The same effect can be achieved by replacing the gas-liquid separation tank I1 with a rectifying tank. The denitration device 15 is a selective catalytic reduction denitration device, and ammonia water or urea is used as a reducing agent, so that the denitration efficiency is not lower than 90%. The lithium bromide refrigerator 19 belongs to the prior art part, uses heat energy as power, has low requirement on heat energy, can utilize various low potential heat energy, waste gas and waste heat, has high energy utilization efficiency, is quiet and stable in operation, safe and environment-friendly, has wide cold regulating range, strong adaptability and is simple and convenient to install and maintain. The liquid feed pump I21, the liquid feed pump II23 and the liquid feed pump III26 have a large liquid feed amount, and the refrigerant circulation speed is increased.
Further preferred according to the invention, the initial synthesis gas of the synthesis gas pretreatment module is desulfurized and dehydrated synthesis gas, and the dew point temperature is from 0 to-60 ℃.
In the embodiment, the arrangement can avoid corrosion of subsequent equipment caused by sulfur and moisture in the synthesis gas and avoid influencing the operation efficiency of the system.
Further preferred according to the invention, the cold side medium of the heat exchanger II3 is the refrigerant generated by a lithium bromide refrigerator, and the cold side inlet temperature of the heat exchanger II3 is 3-30 ℃.
In the embodiment, the refrigerant in the temperature range can effectively cool the synthesis gas, so that the subsequent gas-liquid separation effect is ensured.
Further, as a preferable aspect of the present invention, a drain valve 32 is provided at the bottom of the gas-liquid separation tank II4, and the drain valve 32 is provided with a drain line 33.
In the present embodiment, the liquid substance at the bottom of the gas-liquid separation tank II4 can be periodically discharged through the drain valve 32, preventing accumulation thereof from affecting the separation effect.
Further preferred according to the invention, heat exchanger I6, heat exchanger II8, heat exchanger III10, heat exchanger IV14 and heat exchanger V25 are plate heat exchangers.
In the embodiment, the plate heat exchanger is adopted to ensure heat exchange efficiency and smooth energy transfer.
Further preferably, the connecting pipelines of the carbon dioxide gas pipeline 11 and the heat exchanger I6, the heat exchanger II8 and the heat exchanger III10 are respectively provided with a flowmeter, a thermometer and a regulating valve, the heat exchanger I6, the heat exchanger II8 and the heat exchanger III10 are provided with inlet and outlet temperature sensors, the flowmeter and the thermometer are used for monitoring, and the regulating valve and the inlet and outlet temperature sensors form interlocking control.
In the embodiment, the flowmeter, the thermometer, the regulating valve and the inlet and outlet temperature sensor belong to the conventional prior art parts, and the flow of the carbon dioxide can be regulated according to the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat exchanger I6, the heat exchanger II8 and the heat exchanger III10 through interlocking control, so that the stability of the heat exchange effect is ensured, and the condensation and separation of the carbon dioxide are facilitated.
Further as a preferable mode of the invention, the operating pressure of the gas-liquid separation tank I1 is 0.8-3.0MPa, the operating temperature is-30-10 ℃, and the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide pipeline 12 is connected with a low-temperature storage tank.
In this embodiment, under the operating conditions, the carbon dioxide can be effectively rectified to improve the purity and recovery rate of the liquid carbon dioxide.
Further preferred in the present invention, the exhaust temperature of the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine 17 is 450-550 ℃.
In this embodiment, the exhaust smoke at this temperature has a high waste heat utilization value and can provide sufficient heat for the biomass dryer 16.
Further preferable in the present invention, the refrigerating capacity of the lithium bromide refrigerator 19 is adjusted to 100-1000kW, the inlet water temperature of the heat source is 80-95 ℃ and the outlet water temperature is 70-75 ℃.
In the present embodiment, such parameter setting enables the lithium bromide refrigerator 19 to fully utilize the residual heat of the cylinder water for refrigeration, thereby meeting different cooling demands.
Further, as a preferable flow rate adjusting range of the liquid supply pump I21 and the liquid supply pump II23 is 5-50m 3/h, the liquid supply pump I21 and the liquid level sensor of the liquid storage tank I20 form interlocking control, and the liquid supply pump II23 and the liquid level sensor of the liquid storage tank II22 form interlocking control.
In this embodiment, the liquid level sensor belongs to a conventional component in the prior art, and through the interlocking control of the liquid level sensor and the liquid supply pump I21 and the liquid supply pump II23, the liquid level stability in the liquid storage tank I20 and the liquid storage tank II22 can be ensured, and the normal operation of the refrigeration system is ensured.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but may be modified or substituted for some of the technical features thereof by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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