CN120576005A - A lightweight helium-storage nozzle with integrated performance of variable thrust, phase change thermal protection and infrared stealth - Google Patents
A lightweight helium-storage nozzle with integrated performance of variable thrust, phase change thermal protection and infrared stealthInfo
- Publication number
- CN120576005A CN120576005A CN202510801868.XA CN202510801868A CN120576005A CN 120576005 A CN120576005 A CN 120576005A CN 202510801868 A CN202510801868 A CN 202510801868A CN 120576005 A CN120576005 A CN 120576005A
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- Prior art keywords
- spray pipe
- helium
- liquid helium
- temperature
- phase change
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/97—Rocket nozzles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/60—Constructional parts; Details not otherwise provided for
- F02K9/62—Combustion or thrust chambers
- F02K9/64—Combustion or thrust chambers having cooling arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/97—Rocket nozzles
- F02K9/972—Fluid cooling arrangements for nozzles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a light helium storage spray pipe with synergistic variable pushing, phase change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated effects, which utilizes the high phase change latent heat characteristic of liquid helium to directly inject the liquid helium into the spray pipe to be mixed with high-temperature fuel gas, obviously reduces the temperature of the fuel gas and the thermal stress of a spray pipe material through phase change heat absorption, convection heat exchange and air film cooling, realizes high-efficiency heat protection, effectively inhibits the infrared radiation intensity of exhaust plumes, realizes the infrared stealth effect, improves the expansion function of mixed gas and the propulsion efficiency and specific impulse of an engine by utilizing the characteristic of small molecular weight of helium, and can realize a certain degree of thrust adjustment and enhance the maneuverability of the engine by regulating the helium injection flow in real time. The composite sandwich structure designed by the invention can greatly reduce the thickness of the wall surface of the spray pipe, improve the structural strength of the spray pipe and further reduce the overall quality of the engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engine spray pipes, and particularly relates to a light helium storage spray pipe with synergistic variable push, phase change thermal prevention and infrared stealth integrated effects.
Background
The spaceflight carrier and the propulsion system need to operate in a high-temperature high-pressure extreme environment, and the power system of the spaceflight carrier and the propulsion system faces the serious challenges of high-temperature ablation of the throat material of the spray pipe and the dual technical problems of outstanding infrared radiation characteristic signals. The jet pipe is used as a core component for energy conversion of a rocket engine, the throat area of the jet pipe is subjected to gas scouring at the temperature of up to 3000 ℃, meanwhile, the discharged high-temperature gas flow can generate strong heat radiation, the infrared radiation intensity of the jet pipe is up to the magnitude of 10 6 W/sr, and the detection sensitivity threshold value of the fourth-generation infrared imaging seeker is far exceeded. The infrared radiation of solid rocket engines is mainly derived from the high Wen Weiyan (gas plume) and the heat radiation of the engine case surface. The reduction of the temperature of the fuel gas is a core means for reducing the infrared characteristics, and is generally achieved by (1) improving the formulation of the solid propellant and adding additives (such as nitrogen compounds, metal hydrides and the like) for reducing the combustion temperature to reduce the plume temperature, (2) designing a gas film cooling structure in a spray pipe or injecting a cooling medium (such as liquid water and carbon dioxide) into a tail flame to accelerate the temperature reduction of the fuel gas, and (3) adopting a high heat conduction material (such as copper alloy) or a phase change material (such as paraffin) on the surface of a shell or the spray pipe to delay the surface temperature rise. However, according to the thermodynamic theory in rocket engines, the reduction of the gas temperature directly leads to specific impulse losses, forming the inherent contradiction of infrared stealth and propulsion performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a light helium storage spray pipe with synergistic, phase-change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated effects, and provides a liquid helium-based composite cooling technology through an innovative spray pipe sandwich structure and an active cooling mechanism. Particularly, the infrared stealth requirement of the solid rocket engine is met, and the propulsion performance can be optimized through gas blending while the light thermal protection of the spray pipe is realized by utilizing the characteristics of ultra-low boiling point (4.2K), high phase-change latent heat (20.7 kJ/kg) and low molecular weight of liquid helium.
A light helium storage spray pipe with synergistic variable pushing, phase change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated effects comprises a liquid helium storage box pipe positioned on the outer side and a spray pipe positioned on the inner side, wherein a hollow interlayer is reserved between the liquid helium storage box pipe and the spray pipe, a liquid helium pipeline is arranged in the hollow interlayer, a micropore array is arranged on the wall surface of the tail part of the spray pipe, one end of the liquid helium pipeline is communicated with the liquid helium storage box pipe, and the other end of the liquid helium pipeline extends from the head part to the tail part of the spray pipe and is communicated with the micropore array.
Further, the tail part of the spray pipe is communicated with a combustion chamber of the engine;
pre-cooling, namely injecting liquid helium into a liquid helium pipeline at a controllable flow rate, flowing along the liquid helium pipeline and penetrating into the micropore array, carrying out convection heat exchange on the liquid helium and the inner wall surface of the spray pipe, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the inner wall surface of the spray pipe to form an initial low-temperature protective layer;
When the engine works, the main flow of fuel gas generated by the reaction of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber enters the spray pipe, liquid helium is subjected to vaporization phase change under the action of high-temperature fuel gas, 80% -90% of helium gas is directly mixed with the fuel gas, a small part of helium gas is adhered to the inner wall surface of the spray pipe to flow through heat convection, a layer of low-temperature helium film is formed, meanwhile, liquid helium in a liquid helium pipeline is subjected to heat exchange with the inner wall surface of the spray pipe in a face-to-face manner, and under the synergistic effect of phase change heat absorption, heat convection and air film cooling, the liquid helium reduces the ablation effect of the high-temperature fuel gas on the wall surface and throat part of the spray pipe, and simultaneously inhibits the infrared radiation characteristic of exhaust plumes.
Further, the spray pipe comprises a head part, a throat part and a tail part, wherein the head part of the spray pipe is a gradually-expanding section with gradually-increasing radius from an inlet to an outlet, and the tail part of the spray pipe is a gradually-expanding section with gradually-decreasing radius from the inlet to the outlet.
Further, the liquid helium is injected into the liquid helium pipeline at a controllable flow, the helium injection proportion is adjusted according to the thrust ratio of the engine and the requirement of infrared radiation intensity, and the concrete calculation method comprises the following steps:
Helium mass fraction x He was used to characterize the helium injection ratio, M is the mass of the fuel gas involved in mixing, and m He is the mass of the helium involved in mixing;
the calculation method of the total temperature of the mixed gas in the engine under a certain helium injection proportion comprises the following steps:
wherein T 0 is the total temperature of fuel gas, T 0-He is the total temperature of helium, T mix is the temperature of mixed gas, C p is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the fuel gas, C p-He is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of helium;
The ratio of nozzle outlet pressure P e to combustion chamber pressure P c is solved by the isentropic flow equation:
Wherein A e is the sectional area of the outlet of the divergent section of the nozzle head, A t is the sectional area of the narrowest part of the throat of the nozzle, M e is Mach number of the outlet of the divergent section of the nozzle head, k mix is the specific heat ratio of the mixed gas, C v is the specific heat capacity of the fuel gas, C v-He is the specific heat capacity of the helium;
the method for calculating the mixed gas outlet speed u e comprises the following steps:
wherein R 0 is a universal gas constant; the average molecular mass of the mixed gas is the ratio of the total mass of the gases involved in the mixing to the mole number of the gases involved in the mixing;
The calculation method of the total thrust F of the engine comprises the following steps:
F=mtotal·ue+(Pe-Pa)Ae
wherein m total is the total mass flow of the mixed gas at the outlet of the divergent section of the nozzle head;
The calculation method of the specific impulse I sp of the engine comprises the following steps:
Wherein g is gravitational acceleration;
When the gas passes through the spray pipe, adiabatic expansion occurs, the temperature follows an isentropic relation along with pressure change, and the calculation method for the temperature of the mixed gas at the outlet of the spray pipe is T e, which comprises the following steps:
according to the Planckian blackbody radiation law of the wavelength form, the infrared radiation intensity is calculated:
Where λ is the wavelength, B λ is the radiation intensity corresponding to that wavelength, h is the planck constant, c is the speed of light, and k B is the boltzmann constant.
Further, a flow valve is arranged on the liquid helium pipeline.
Further, a supporting rib structure is arranged in the hollow interlayer.
Furthermore, the support rib structure adopts high-strength light alloy, realizes high rigidity and low quality through topological optimization design, ensures the stability of the hollow interlayer under 15MPa internal pressure, has a flow guiding function, and guides liquid helium to flow along a preset path.
Further, the aperture range of the micropore array is 100-500 mu m, the porosity is 5-15%, micropores are formed by adopting a laser precision machining or additive manufacturing process, the axis of each micropore and the wall face form an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees, and carbon deposition and reverse infiltration of particulate matters into the hollow interlayer are avoided.
Furthermore, the inner wall surface of the spray pipe adopts a carbon-carbon composite material resistant to high-temperature ablation, a chemical vapor deposition densification and SiC antioxidation coating process is used, and the outer wall surface adopts a high-silica material with better mechanical property, and is subjected to fiber braiding reinforcement and sol-gel densification treatment.
Further, the wall surface of the liquid helium storage tank is combined with the carbon fiber wall surface by adopting a 30crmnsia lining, and the weight of the storage tank is reduced as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the enough structural strength.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention utilizes the high phase change latent heat characteristic of liquid helium, directly injects the liquid helium into the spray pipe to be mixed with high-temperature fuel gas, obviously reduces the temperature of the fuel gas and the thermal stress suffered by spray pipe materials through phase change heat absorption, convection heat exchange and air film cooling, realizes high-efficiency heat protection, effectively inhibits the infrared radiation intensity of exhaust plumes, realizes the infrared stealth effect, improves the expansion function of mixed gas and the propulsion efficiency and specific impulse of an engine by utilizing the characteristic of small molecular weight of helium, and can realize a certain degree of thrust regulation and enhance the maneuverability of the engine by regulating and controlling the flow of injected helium in real time. The composite sandwich structure designed by the invention can greatly reduce the thickness of the wall surface of the spray pipe, improve the structural strength of the spray pipe and further reduce the overall quality of the engine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the liquid helium cooling lance configuration.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for calculating thrust force ratio and infrared radiation intensity of an engine at different helium injection ratios.
The reference numerals comprise a 1-combustion chamber, a 2-combustion chamber shell, a 3-spray pipe, a 4-liquid helium storage tank pipe, a 5-flow valve, a 6-liquid helium pipeline, a 7-spray pipe inner layer wall surface, an 8-hollow interlayer (containing supporting ribs), a 9-spray pipe outer layer wall surface, a 10-spray pipe throat liner, an 11-micropore structure array, 12-liquid helium, 13-supercritical helium, 14-interlayer flow passages, 15-gas main flow, 16-low temperature helium films and 17-mixed gas.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a light helium storage spray pipe with synergistic variable pushing, phase change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated effects, which comprises a liquid helium storage box pipe 4 positioned on the outer side and a spray pipe 3 positioned on the inner side, wherein a hollow interlayer 8 is reserved between the liquid helium storage box pipe 4 and the spray pipe 3, a liquid helium pipeline 6 is arranged in the hollow interlayer 8, a micropore array 11 is arranged on the tail wall surface of the spray pipe 3, one end of the liquid helium pipeline 6 is communicated with the liquid helium storage box pipe 4, and the other end of the liquid helium pipeline extends from the head part to the tail part of the spray pipe 3 and is communicated with the micropore array 11.
The nozzle 3 comprises a head part, a throat part 10 and a tail part, wherein the head part of the nozzle 3 is a gradually-expanding section with gradually-increasing radius from an inlet to an outlet, and the tail part of the nozzle 3 is a gradually-expanding section with gradually-decreasing radius from the inlet to the outlet. The liquid helium pipeline 6 is provided with a flow valve 5, and the liquid helium working medium provided by the liquid helium storage tank pipe 4 is used for adjusting the flow through the flow valve 5.
The combustion chamber 1 is of a cylindrical structure, is a main place for generating fuel gas by combusting propellant, the spray pipe 3 is connected with the rear end of the combustion chamber 1, and is used for converting the internal energy of the fuel gas into kinetic energy, the outlet end of the combustion chamber 1 is in butt joint with the inlet end of the spray pipe 3 through a high-strength alloy flange, the bolt pretightening force is matched with a high-temperature graphite gasket to realize sealing, and the combustion chamber and the spray pipe can be rapidly disassembled for many times. The liquid helium storage tank pipe 4 is an annular storage tank, the radius of the outer wall surface of the liquid helium storage tank pipe 4 is the same as that of the combustion chamber shell 2 so as to reduce the air resistance, and the inner wall surface is tightly attached to the outer wall surface of the spray pipe and is fixedly connected by using a flange.
The invention adopts a multi-layer composite architecture design, a hollow interlayer 8 is introduced on the basis of a traditional single-layer structure, and comprises an interlayer runner 14 and supporting ribs, and the hollow interlayer extends from a spray pipe expansion section to the front end of a spray pipe convergence section. The inner layer wall surface of the front end of the nozzle convergent section is provided with a micropore structure array 11, and liquid helium can flow to the nozzle convergent section through an interlayer flow channel 14 and then enter the nozzle through a micropore structure.
The hollow interlayer 8 starts from 20% -50% of the front part of the converging section of the spray pipe, penetrates through the throat part and the expanding section of the spray pipe, keeps the same cross-sectional area of each part of the interlayer, and keeps the same molded surface with the spray pipe.
The support rib structure adopts high-strength light alloy, realizes high rigidity and low quality through topological optimization design, ensures the stability of the hollow interlayer 8 under 15MPa and the pressure of the hollow interlayer is more than or equal to 500MPa, and simultaneously has a flow guiding function and guides liquid helium to flow along a preset path.
The aperture range of the micropore array 11 is 100-500 mu m, the porosity is 5-15%, the micropores are formed by adopting a laser precision machining or additive manufacturing process, the axis of the micropores and the wall face an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees, and carbon deposition and reverse infiltration of particles into the hollow interlayer 8 are avoided.
The inner wall surface of the spray pipe 3 adopts a carbon-carbon composite material resistant to high temperature ablation, adopts a chemical vapor deposition densification and SiC antioxidation coating process, and the outer wall surface adopts a high silica material with better mechanical property, and is subjected to fiber braiding reinforcement and sol-gel densification treatment. The wall surface of the liquid helium storage tank is combined with the carbon fiber wall surface by adopting a 30crmnsia lining, and the weight of the storage tank is reduced as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the enough structural strength.
Before the engine is ignited, liquid helium is injected into the liquid helium storage tank pipe 4 to reach rated capacity, precooling is started, liquid helium is injected into the liquid helium pipeline 6 at a controllable flow rate, flows along the liquid helium pipeline 6 and permeates into the micropore array 11, the liquid helium performs convection heat exchange with the inner wall surface of the spray pipe 3, the temperature of the inner wall surface of the spray pipe 3 is rapidly reduced, and an initial low-temperature protective layer is formed;
As shown in figure 2, when the engine works, the main flow of fuel gas generated by the reaction of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber enters the spray pipe 3, liquid helium is subjected to vaporization phase change under the action of high-temperature fuel gas, 80% -90% of helium gas is directly mixed with the fuel gas, a small part of helium gas adheres to the inner wall surface of the spray pipe 3 to flow through heat convection heat exchange, a layer of low-temperature helium film is formed, meanwhile, liquid helium in the liquid helium pipeline 6 is subjected to heat convection with the inner wall surface of the spray pipe 3, and under the synergistic effects of phase change heat absorption, heat convection and air film cooling, the liquid helium reduces the ablation effect of the high-temperature fuel gas on the wall surface and throat part of the spray pipe 3, and simultaneously inhibits the infrared radiation characteristic of exhaust plumes. After the task is finished, the spray pipe 3 and the liquid helium storage box pipe 4 are quickly disassembled, liquid helium is supplemented, high-pressure helium reversely blows the interlayer, carbon deposition and particulate matters in the interlayer and micropores are removed, and thermal fatigue and ablation conditions of materials on the inner wall surface of the spray pipe are checked.
The liquid helium is injected into the liquid helium pipeline 6 at a controllable flow, the helium injection proportion is adjusted according to the thrust force impact of the engine and the demand of infrared radiation intensity, and the concrete calculation method comprises the following steps:
Helium mass fraction x He was used to characterize the helium injection ratio, M is the mass of the fuel gas involved in mixing, and m He is the mass of the helium involved in mixing;
the calculation method of the total temperature of the mixed gas in the engine under a certain helium injection proportion comprises the following steps:
wherein T 0 is the total temperature of fuel gas, T 0-He is the total temperature of helium, T mix is the temperature of mixed gas, C p is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the fuel gas, C p-He is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of helium;
The ratio of nozzle 3 outlet pressure P e to combustion chamber pressure P c is solved by the isentropic flow equation:
Wherein A e is the sectional area of the outlet of the divergent section of the nozzle tip, A t is the sectional area of the narrowest part of the throat 10 of the nozzle, M e is Mach number of the outlet of the divergent section of the nozzle tip, k mix is the specific heat ratio of the mixed gas, C v is the specific heat capacity of the fuel gas, C v-He is the specific heat capacity of the helium;
the method for calculating the mixed gas outlet speed u e comprises the following steps:
Wherein R 0 is a general gas constant, M is the average molecular mass of the mixed gas, and is the ratio of the total mass of the gases involved in mixing to the mole number of the gases involved in mixing;
The calculation method of the total thrust F of the engine comprises the following steps:
F=mtotal·ue+(Pe-Pa)Ae
wherein m total is the total mass flow of the mixed gas at the outlet of the divergent section of the nozzle head;
The calculation method of the specific impulse I sp of the engine comprises the following steps:
Wherein g is gravitational acceleration;
When the gas passes through the spray pipe, adiabatic expansion occurs, the temperature follows an isentropic relation along with pressure change, and the calculation method for the temperature of the mixed gas at the outlet of the spray pipe is T e, which comprises the following steps:
according to the Planckian blackbody radiation law of the wavelength form, the infrared radiation intensity is calculated:
Where λ is the wavelength, B λ is the radiation intensity corresponding to that wavelength, h is the planck constant, c is the speed of light, and k B is the boltzmann constant.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A light helium storage spray pipe with synergistic variable pushing, phase change thermal prevention and infrared stealth integrated effects is characterized by comprising a liquid helium storage tank pipe (4) positioned on the outer side and a spray pipe (3) positioned on the inner side, a hollow interlayer (8) is reserved between the liquid helium storage tank pipe (4) and the spray pipe (3), a liquid helium pipeline (6) is arranged in the hollow interlayer (8), a micropore array (11) is arranged on the tail wall surface of the spray pipe (3), one end of the liquid helium pipeline (6) is communicated with the liquid helium storage tank pipe (4), and the other end of the liquid helium pipeline extends from the head to the tail of the spray pipe (3) and is communicated with the micropore array (11).
2. The light helium storage spray pipe with the synergistic variable pushing, phase change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated efficiency according to claim 1 is characterized in that the tail part of the spray pipe (3) is communicated with a combustion chamber of an engine;
Before the engine is ignited, liquid helium is injected into a liquid helium storage tank pipe (4) to rated capacity, precooling is started, liquid helium is injected into a liquid helium pipeline (6) at a controllable flow rate, flows along the liquid helium pipeline (6) and permeates into a micropore array (11), the liquid helium performs convection heat exchange with the inner wall surface of a spray pipe (3), and the temperature of the inner wall surface of the spray pipe (3) is rapidly reduced to form an initial low-temperature protective layer;
When the engine works, a main flow of fuel gas generated by the reaction of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber enters the spray pipe (3), liquid helium is subjected to vaporization phase change under the action of high-temperature fuel gas, 80% -90% of helium gas is directly mixed with the fuel gas, a small part of helium gas is adhered to the inner wall surface of the spray pipe (3) to flow through heat convection heat exchange, a layer of low-temperature helium film is formed, meanwhile, the liquid helium in the liquid helium pipeline (6) and the inner wall surface of the spray pipe (3) face to flow heat exchange, and under the synergistic effects of phase change heat absorption, heat convection and air film cooling, the liquid helium reduces the ablation effect of the high-temperature fuel gas on the wall surface and throat of the spray pipe (3) and simultaneously inhibits the infrared radiation characteristic of exhaust plumes.
3. The light helium storage spray pipe with the integrated effects of synergy, phase change heat prevention and infrared stealth as claimed in claim 2, wherein the spray pipe (3) comprises a head part, a throat part (10) and a tail part, the head part of the spray pipe (3) is a gradually expanding section with gradually increasing radius from an inlet to an outlet, and the tail part of the spray pipe (3) is a gradually shrinking section with gradually decreasing radius from the inlet to the outlet.
4. The light helium storage spray pipe with the synergistic variable pushing, phase change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated efficiency according to claim 3, wherein the liquid helium is injected into a liquid helium pipeline (6) with controllable flow, the helium injection proportion is adjusted according to the requirements of thrust ratio of an engine and infrared radiation intensity, and the specific calculation method is as follows:
Helium mass fraction x He was used to characterize the helium injection ratio, M is the mass of the fuel gas involved in mixing, and m He is the mass of the helium involved in mixing;
the calculation method of the total temperature of the mixed gas in the engine under a certain helium injection proportion comprises the following steps:
wherein T 0 is the total temperature of fuel gas, T 0-He is the total temperature of helium, T mix is the temperature of mixed gas, C p is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the fuel gas, C p-He is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of helium;
The ratio of nozzle (3) outlet pressure P e to combustion chamber pressure P c is solved by the isentropic flow equation:
wherein A e is the sectional area of the outlet of the divergent section of the nozzle head, A t is the sectional area of the narrowest part of the throat part (10) of the nozzle, M e is Mach number of the outlet of the divergent section of the nozzle head, k mix is the specific heat ratio of the mixed gas, C v is the specific heat capacity of the fuel gas, C v-He is the specific heat capacity of the helium;
the method for calculating the mixed gas outlet speed u e comprises the following steps:
wherein R 0 is a universal gas constant; the average molecular mass of the mixed gas is the ratio of the total mass of the gases involved in the mixing to the mole number of the gases involved in the mixing;
The calculation method of the total thrust F of the engine comprises the following steps:
F=mtotal·ue+(Pe-Pa)Ae
wherein m total is the total mass flow of the mixed gas at the outlet of the divergent section of the nozzle head;
The calculation method of the specific impulse I sp of the engine comprises the following steps:
Wherein g is gravitational acceleration;
When the gas passes through the spray pipe, adiabatic expansion occurs, the temperature follows an isentropic relation along with pressure change, and the calculation method for the temperature of the mixed gas at the outlet of the spray pipe is T e, which comprises the following steps:
according to the Planckian blackbody radiation law of the wavelength form, the infrared radiation intensity is calculated:
Where λ is the wavelength, B λ is the radiation intensity corresponding to that wavelength, h is the planck constant, c is the speed of light, and k B is the boltzmann constant.
5. The light helium storage spray pipe with the efficiency of synergy, phase change heat prevention and infrared stealth integration according to claim 1 is characterized in that a flow valve (5) is arranged on the liquid helium pipeline (6).
6. The light helium storage spray pipe with the synergistic variable pushing, phase change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated efficiency according to claim 1 is characterized in that a supporting rib structure is arranged in the hollow interlayer (8).
7. The light helium storage spray pipe with the synergistic variable pushing, phase change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated efficiency according to claim 6, wherein the support rib structure is made of high-strength light alloy, high rigidity and low quality are achieved through topological optimization design, compression strength is more than or equal to 500MPa, stability of the hollow interlayer (8) under 15MPa is ensured, and meanwhile, the support rib structure has a flow guiding function and guides liquid helium to flow along a preset path.
8. The light helium storage spray pipe with the synergistic, phase-change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated effects according to claim 1, wherein the aperture range of the micropore array (11) is 100-500 μm, the porosity is 5-15%, micropores are formed by adopting a laser precision machining or additive manufacturing process, the hole axis and the wall form an inclined angle of 30-45 degrees, and carbon deposition and reverse infiltration of particles into the hollow interlayer (8) are avoided.
9. The light helium storage spray pipe with the synergistic, phase-change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated effects according to claim 1 is characterized in that the inner wall surface of the spray pipe (3) is made of a carbon-carbon composite material resistant to high temperature ablation, chemical vapor deposition densification and SiC antioxidation coating processes are used, the outer wall surface is made of a high silicon-oxygen material with better mechanical properties, and the high silicon-oxygen storage spray pipe is subjected to fiber weaving reinforcement and sol-gel densification.
10. The light helium storage nozzle with the synergistic, phase-change heat prevention and infrared stealth integrated effect according to claim 1, wherein the wall surface of the liquid helium storage tank is combined with the wall surface of carbon fiber by adopting a 30crmnsia lining, and the weight of the storage tank is reduced as much as possible under the condition of ensuring enough structural strength.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202510801868.XA CN120576005A (en) | 2025-06-16 | 2025-06-16 | A lightweight helium-storage nozzle with integrated performance of variable thrust, phase change thermal protection and infrared stealth |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202510801868.XA CN120576005A (en) | 2025-06-16 | 2025-06-16 | A lightweight helium-storage nozzle with integrated performance of variable thrust, phase change thermal protection and infrared stealth |
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| CN120576005A true CN120576005A (en) | 2025-09-02 |
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| CN202510801868.XA Pending CN120576005A (en) | 2025-06-16 | 2025-06-16 | A lightweight helium-storage nozzle with integrated performance of variable thrust, phase change thermal protection and infrared stealth |
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