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CN120522257B - Ship surface damage area positioning method based on virtual electrode - Google Patents

Ship surface damage area positioning method based on virtual electrode

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Publication number
CN120522257B
CN120522257B CN202511033623.3A CN202511033623A CN120522257B CN 120522257 B CN120522257 B CN 120522257B CN 202511033623 A CN202511033623 A CN 202511033623A CN 120522257 B CN120522257 B CN 120522257B
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current
damage
potential
monitoring
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CN120522257A (en
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尚文静
庞云鹤
徐以东
贾佩松
李冬雪
李北明
薛伟
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Yantai University
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a ship surface damage area positioning method based on a virtual electrode, and belongs to the field of ship surface corrosion detection. According to the method, a monitoring electrode and an impressed current anode are arranged on the side face of a ship, a tail shaft current detection device is installed in the ship, a ship twin model is built by using an electromagnetic simulation tool, a plurality of damaged areas are arranged, different protection currents are simulated and applied, and an array flow pattern of each damaged area is generated. And generating a noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum according to the received signal vector obtained by actually applying different protection currents and the array flow pattern, and finally determining the position of the damage point through global search. According to the invention, the virtual electrode array is constructed in a mode of applying protection current, so that the data volume for calculating the damage position is greatly increased, and the aim of improving the positioning precision is fulfilled.

Description

Ship surface damage area positioning method based on virtual electrode
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ship surface corrosion detection, and particularly relates to a ship surface damage area positioning method.
Background
In global cargo transportation, ocean transportation plays an important role. In marine environment, the ship protective coating can be oxidized, corroded, stripped, shed and the like. These defects not only lead to accelerated aging failure of the coating, but also provide an intrusion path for corrosive media such as seawater. Once the protective coating is broken, biofouling and corrosion of the metal structure can severely threaten the integrity of the ship structure. In order to ensure the sailing safety of the ship and prolong the service life of the ship, the damage condition of the surface coating of the ship needs to be detected.
The traditional ship surface coating damage detection method comprises the following steps:
1. visual inspection, namely, a inspector directly observes the condition of the surface coating of the ship through naked eyes or by means of simple tools such as a magnifying glass and the like to check whether the ship has damage phenomena such as peeling, flaking, cracking, bubbles, color change and the like.
2. Coating thickness gauge testing, a standard thickness of the coating is typically specified during ship construction and maintenance. The operator can periodically measure the coating thickness, in comparison to raw data or standard thickness, and if the coating thickness is found to be significantly thinner, it can mean that the coating is damaged or aged.
3. Ultrasonography is the process of reflection, refraction and scattering that occurs when ultrasonic waves encounter imperfections at the interface of the coating with the substrate or within the coating. By analyzing the ultrasonic signal, whether the coating is damaged, debonded and the like can be judged.
4. Infrared thermal imaging detection method, when there is damage to the coating, its heat conduction characteristics will change, resulting in uneven surface temperature distribution. The thermal infrared imager can capture this temperature difference and display it in the form of an image to help the inspector find the location and extent of the coating breakage.
5. The electrochemical impedance spectrum detection method has higher resistance and capacitance when the coating is intact, and can effectively prevent the electrolyte solution from contacting the metal matrix. Once the coating breaks, the electrolyte solution can penetrate the coating, resulting in a change in the resistance value. By analyzing the characteristic parameters of the electrochemical impedance spectrum, the damage degree and corrosion condition of the coating can be judged.
However, the ship surface coating damage detection method generally has the problems of low detection precision, poor environmental adaptability, dependence on manual operation, incapability of real-time online monitoring, lack of nondestructive accurate positioning capability and the like. In this regard, the art further proposes a method of locating breakage based on an electrode array. For example, chinese patent application CN118759027a provides a ship corrosion positioning method based on a ship body potentiometer, which comprises setting a measuring point on a ship body, measuring a potential value between the measuring point and a reference electrode, calculating corrosion current, and analyzing the corrosion current change, so as to primarily determine a part likely to be corroded. However, this method is limited by the electrode arrangement density, and the resolution of positioning is low, so that the precision requirement of breakage positioning cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a ship surface damage area positioning method based on a virtual electrode, and aims to solve the problem of low precision in the process of performing damage positioning based on the electrode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A ship surface damage area positioning method based on a virtual electrode comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of S1, arranging a plurality of monitoring electrodes on the side surface of a ship for monitoring the potential distribution condition of the surface of the ship, arranging an impressed current anode for applying protection current on the side surface of the ship, and arranging a current detection device for detecting the current of a tail shaft in the ship;
S2, constructing a twin model of the ship by utilizing an electromagnetic simulation tool, arranging a plurality of damage areas on the twin model, and respectively arranging corresponding damage simulation scenes for each damage area;
Step S3, applying a plurality of different protection currents to a real ship in a mode of step S2, and acquiring the potential of a monitoring electrode and the tail shaft current to form a receiving signal vector;
S4, calculating a covariance matrix of the received signal vector, and performing multiple signal classification operation on the covariance matrix to obtain a noise subspace of the received signal vector;
S5, obtaining a noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum by utilizing the noise subspace and the array flow patterns of each damaged simulation scene;
And S6, performing global search on the noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum, wherein the damaged area corresponding to the peak value is the position of the current damaged point, so that a damaged area positioning result is obtained.
As a further improvement of the ship surface damage area positioning method based on the virtual electrode, the monitoring electrode is arranged along a horizontal potential measuring line.
As a further improvement of the ship surface damage area positioning method based on the virtual electrode, only one group of potential measuring lines are arranged on the side surface of the real ship;
In the twin model, the side surface of the ship is provided with a group of potential measuring lines and monitoring electrodes which are completely the same as the arrangement of the real ship, or more than two groups of potential measuring lines with different heights and the horizontal layout of the monitoring electrodes being consistent with the arrangement of the real ship;
when more than two groups of potential measuring lines are arranged in the twin model, the potential measuring lines on the real ship are positioned between the highest potential measuring line and the lowest potential measuring line in the twin model, and the damaged areas are positioned between the highest potential measuring line and the lowest potential measuring line.
As a further improvement of the ship surface damage area positioning method based on the virtual electrode, the specific process of step S2 is as follows:
S2-1, constructing a twin model of the monitored ship in an electromagnetic simulation tool, setting R damage areas on the side surface of the ship according to the positioning accuracy requirement, setting Z potential measuring lines on the side surface of the twin model, and combining the damage areas and the potential measuring lines in a crossing manner to construct R Z damage simulation scenes, wherein only a damage area corresponding to each damage simulation scene is provided with damage points;
step S2-2, setting a current application scheme including Different protection currents:;
And S2-3, sequentially applying protection current to each damage simulation scene according to a current application scheme in the electromagnetic simulation tool, forming a guide vector by the potential of the monitoring electrode on the potential measuring line corresponding to the damage simulation scene and the tail shaft current when applying the protection current each time, and forming all the guide vectors into an array flow pattern corresponding to the damage simulation scene.
As a further improvement of the method for positioning the damaged area of the ship surface based on the virtual electrode, in the step S2-3, the current is set to be the firstA broken simulation scene, the first is appliedProtection currentThe number of the monitoring electrodes on the side surface of the ship isWill be at the firstThe potential of each monitoring electrode is recorded asThe tail shaft current is recorded asThe corresponding guiding vector is,Upper corner markRepresenting a transpose operation, the array flow pattern corresponding to the damaged simulation scene being,Is thatColumn vector of rows.
As a further improvement of the virtual electrode-based ship surface damage area positioning method, in step S3, it is assumed that the current application is the firstProtection currentThe number of the monitoring electrodes on the side surface of the ship isWill be at the firstThe potential of each monitoring electrode is recorded asThe tail shaft current is recorded asThe corresponding received signal vector is,Upper corner markRepresenting the transpose operation, the received signal vector is,Is thatColumn vector of rows.
As a further improvement of the method for positioning the damaged area on the surface of the ship based on the virtual electrode, the specific process of step S4 is as follows:
Step S4-1, calculating a received signal vector Covariance matrix of (2)Wherein, the method comprises the steps of,For the purpose of the transpose operation,Representing the expected value;
Step S4-2, pair covariance matrix Decomposing the characteristic value to obtainThe value of the characteristic is a value of,,For the number of monitoring electrodes on the side of the vessel,To protect the quantity of current, the characteristic values are arranged in descending order and the current is takenThe eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues form a signal subspaceWill remainFeature vectors corresponding to the feature values form a noise subspaceWhereinIs the firstThe feature vector corresponding to each feature value isColumn vectors of rows; is a preset value.
As a further improvement of the method for positioning the damaged area on the surface of the ship based on the virtual electrode, the specific process of step S5 is as follows:
Step S5-1, calculating noise subspace Noise projection matrix of (a);
Step S5-2, calculating a noise projection matrixAnd projected energy of each array flow pattern;
S5-3, arranging the reciprocals of all the projection energies according to the positions of the corresponding damaged areas to form a noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum, wherein the first Noise projection energy reciprocal corresponding to each damaged simulation scene,Is based on a noise projection matrixAnd (d)And calculating the projection energy obtained by the array flow pattern corresponding to each damaged simulation scene.
As a further improvement of the virtual electrode-based ship surface damage area positioning method, in step S5-2, for the first stepArray flow pattern of individual damage simulation sceneProjection energy
As a further improvement of the ship surface damaged area positioning method based on the virtual electrode, after the damaged area positioning result is obtained, the corrosion current is calculatedUsing corrosive currentAnd measuring the damage degree of the damage point.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. According to the invention, different protection currents are applied by using the externally applied current anode, each protection current corresponds to a group of potential data and a current data, which is equivalent to the phase change, the number of electrodes is increased, a virtual electrode array is obtained, and the data amount for estimating the damage position is greatly increased, so that the positioning precision is improved.
2. According to the invention, the potential data and the tail shaft current data are combined to construct a guiding vector and an array flow pattern, the noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum is obtained through the noise subspace and the array flow pattern, and then the position of the damage point on the surface of the ship is obtained through global search, so that the influence of environmental noise and measurement errors can be effectively inhibited, the robustness of damage point detection is improved, and the false judgment probability is reduced.
3. The array flow pattern is constructed based on electromagnetic simulation, and damage situations of different positions and different sizes can be simulated in advance, so that the array flow pattern can be suitable for damage detection of any position on the surface of a ship, and is not limited by the shape or the number of the damage.
4. By arranging a plurality of groups of potential measuring lines with different heights, the array flow pattern data can contain richer horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis) position information, so that more accurate positioning is realized, and the detection requirements of complex ship body configurations are met.
5. According to the invention, the corrosion current is calculated through the average difference value of the tail shaft current and the protection current and is used as a measure of the damage degree, so that more comprehensive data support is provided for ship maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the arrangement of monitoring electrodes on the surface of a vessel;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of the application The horizontal position of the monitoring electrode on the ship is shown as the abscissa in the figure, the x-axis is gradually increased towards the stern direction by taking the ship head as the origin, and the vertical coordinate is the potential value of the monitoring electrode;
Fig. 3 is a graph of the energy spectrum of 4 sets of noise projections on a certain side of the ship, wherein the horizontal position of the damaged area on the ship is shown on the abscissa, the x-axis is increased toward the stern with the bow as the origin, and the vertical axis is the amplitude of the energy spectrum of noise projections, i.e. the energy spectrum of noise projections.
The reference numerals include:
1. the monitoring electrode, 2, the potential survey line, 3, the broken point, 4, impressed current positive pole.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
A ship surface damage area positioning method based on a virtual electrode comprises the following steps:
And S1, arranging a plurality of monitoring electrodes 1 on the side surface of the ship for monitoring the potential distribution condition of the surface of the ship. Meanwhile, an impressed current anode 4 for applying a protection current is arranged at the side of the ship body, and a current detecting device for detecting a tail shaft current is arranged in the ship. The impressed current anode (also known as ICCP anode) is a key component in impressed current cathodic protection systems (IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC PROTECTION, ICCP) that creates a protective electric field around the metal hull, making the hull cathodic, thereby preventing corrosion.
In general, potential monitoring is required on both sides of a ship, and the electrode layout and the position of applying a protection current on both sides are symmetrical. This patent describes a single-sided example.
Preferably, the monitoring electrode 1 is arranged along a horizontal potential line 2. The potential measuring line 2 is positioned near the middle height of the ship body and below the waterline, and the tail end of the potential measuring line 2 is close to the propeller. On a real ship, only one group of potential measuring lines 2 are arranged on the side surface. It should be noted that the potential line 2 should avoid an area where there is a high probability of collision with the berth to cause breakage. In addition, the monitor electrode 1 should be as far away from the impressed current anode 4 as possible.
In this embodiment, considering that the ship does not allow to arrange too many monitoring electrodes 1, 5 monitoring electrodes 1 are uniformly arranged along the potential measuring lines 2 on both sides of the ship, respectively, and the positions are respectively at x=10m, x=23m, x=36m, x=49 and x=62m (the x axis is gradually increased from the ship's bow to the ship's stern), and 10 monitoring electrodes 1 are total. The current detection device is a 7-bit semi-universal meter.
When the ship motion state and the surrounding marine environment do not change drastically, the electrochemical corrosion speed of the ship is almost unchanged, and the electrochemically generated corrosion current can be considered to be constant. A constant current will produce a constant electric field. The method utilizes an externally-added current anode 4 to externally-added protection current, and estimates and positions the ship corrosion current and the ship corrosion position by monitoring the current data of the tail shaft in the ship and the potential data of the ship surface monitoring electrode 1.
S2, constructing a twin model of the ship by using an electromagnetic simulation tool, setting a plurality of damaged areas on the twin model, and respectively setting corresponding damage simulation scenes for each damaged area. And then constructing a virtual electrode array by simulating a mode of applying a plurality of different protection currents to obtain an array flow pattern of each damage simulation scene.
The specific process is as follows:
s2-1, constructing a twin model of the monitored ship in an electromagnetic simulation tool Comsol, and setting R damage areas on the side surface of the ship according to the positioning precision requirement. If Z potential measuring lines 2 are arranged on the side face of the twin model, the damaged area and the potential measuring lines 2 are combined in a crossing way to construct R In each of the Z damage simulation scenes, only the damage area corresponding to the scene is provided with the damage point 3.
In the twin model, the side surface of the ship can be only provided with one group of potential measuring lines 2 and monitoring electrodes 1 which are completely identical to the arrangement of the real ship, and more than two groups of potential measuring lines 2 with different heights and the horizontal layout of the monitoring electrodes 1 being consistent with the arrangement of the real ship.
When more than two groups of potential measuring lines 2 are arranged in the twin model, the potential measuring lines 2 on the real ship are positioned between the highest potential measuring line 2 and the lowest potential measuring line 2 in the twin model, and the damaged areas are positioned between the highest potential measuring line 2 and the lowest potential measuring line 2.
In this embodiment, only one potential measuring line 2 is provided on the side of the twin model. Only one broken area is provided at the same x-axis position, and all are near the potential measuring line 2. If a more accurate positioning result is needed, the number of potential measuring lines 2 in the twin model can be increased, a plurality of damage areas with different heights and arbitrary sizes are arranged at the same x position, and the finer the division is, the smaller the area of the damage area is, and the more accurate the positioning is.
Step S2-2, setting a current application scheme includingDifferent protection currents:
In the present embodiment of the present invention, ,
And S2-3, sequentially applying protection current to each damage simulation scene according to a current application scheme in the electromagnetic simulation tool, forming a guide vector by the potential of the monitoring electrode 1 on the potential measuring line 2 corresponding to the damage simulation scene and the tail shaft current when applying the protection current each time, and forming all the guide vectors into an array flow pattern corresponding to the damage simulation scene.
Specifically, let it be the firstA broken simulation scene, the first is appliedProtection currentThe number of the monitoring electrodes 1 on the side of the ship isWill be at the firstThe potential of each monitoring electrode 1 is recorded asThe tail shaft current is recorded asThe corresponding guiding vector is,Upper corner markRepresenting a transpose operation, the array flow pattern corresponding to the damaged simulation scene being,Is thatColumn vector of rows.
As shown in FIG. 2, when appliedWhen the current is protected, 10 groups of monitoring electrodes 1 on two sides of the ship can obtain 10 potential data.
Since the number of the monitoring electrodes 1 which can be installed on both sides of the ship is limited, if the positions of the breakage points 3 are reversely pushed by using only 5 electrodes on one side, the accuracy is difficult to ensure, and the positioning error is very large. According to the scheme, different protection currents are applied by using the externally applied current anode 4, each protection current corresponds to 5 potential data and 1 current data respectively, and the application of the protection currents for 3 times can obtain 15 potential data and 3 current data, which is equivalent to the phase change, the number of electrodes is increased, a virtual electrode array is obtained, so that the data amount for calculating the damage position is greatly increased, and the positioning accuracy is improved.
And step S3, applying a plurality of different protection currents to the real ship in a mode of step S2, and acquiring the potential and the tail shaft current of the monitoring electrode 1 to form a receiving signal vector.
Let the current application be the firstProtection currentThe number of the monitoring electrodes 1 on the side of the ship isWill be at the firstThe potential of each monitoring electrode 1 is recorded asThe tail shaft current is recorded asThe corresponding received signal vector is,Upper corner markRepresenting the transpose operation, the received signal vector is,Is thatColumn vector of rows.
And S4, calculating a covariance matrix of the received signal vector, and performing multiple signal classification operation on the covariance matrix to obtain a noise subspace of the received signal vector.
The specific process is as follows:
Step S4-1, calculating a received signal vector Covariance matrix of (2)Wherein, the method comprises the steps of,For the purpose of the transpose operation,Representing the expected value.
Step S4-2, pair covariance matrixDecomposing the characteristic value to obtainThe value of the characteristic is a value of,. The characteristic values are arranged in descending order and are taken beforeThe eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues form a signal subspaceWill remainFeature vectors corresponding to the feature values form a noise subspaceWhereinIs the firstThe feature vector corresponding to each feature value isColumn vectors of rows; is a preset value.
And S5, obtaining a noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum by utilizing the noise subspace and the array flow pattern of each damage simulation scene.
The specific process is as follows:
Step S5-1, calculating noise subspace Noise projection matrix of (a)
Step S5-2, calculating a noise projection matrixAnd projected energy per array flow pattern.
For the firstArray flow pattern of individual damaged areasProjection energy
S5-3, arranging the reciprocals of all the projection energies according to the positions of the corresponding damaged areas to form a noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum, wherein the firstNoise projection energy reciprocal corresponding to each damaged simulation scene
In the arrangement, the inverse noise projection energy of the damaged simulation scene corresponding to the same potential line 2 is used as a group of arrangement. When there is only one set of potential lines 2 in the simulation environment and the selected damaged area is around the potential lines 2, and one x-axis coordinate corresponds to only one damaged area, the noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum can be fitted into a curve (refer to fig. 3).
And S6, performing global search on the noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum, wherein the damaged area corresponding to the peak value is the position of the current damaged point 3, so that a damaged area positioning result is obtained.
The above search process can be expressed as: And representing a damage simulation scene corresponding to the peak value, wherein the damage area corresponding to the peak value is a positioning result.
Further, the degree of breakage of the breakage point 3 is determined by the corrosion currentIs measured by the size of (2):
In this example, 4 experiments were performed in total, and the breakage points 3 of the 4 experiments were all disposed on the same side of the ship at positions x=10m, x=30m, x=45m, and x=65m, respectively. Fig. 3 shows the energy reciprocal spectra of 4 sets of noise projections obtained from 4 experiments. Since the same x-axis position corresponds to only one damaged area in this embodiment, the noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum can be represented as a curve about the x-axis after fitting. In other alternative embodiments, if the same x-axis position corresponds to a plurality of damaged areas with different heights, and the height direction is positioned as the y-axis, the noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum corresponding to one simulated potential line 2 may be represented as a curved surface about the x-axis and the y-axis after fitting.
Global search is respectively carried out on 4 groups of noise projection energy reciprocal spectrums, and positioning results of 4 experiments are x=5.6m, x=30.2m, x=43.9m and x=68.1m, which are close to the actual position distance of the damage point 3, so that the method can effectively back-push the position of the damage point 3.
Because only one potential measuring line 2 is set during simulation in the embodiment, and the same x-axis position corresponds to only one damaged area, good positioning accuracy can be obtained only in the area around the potential measuring line 2. If the reconstruction accuracy needs to be further improved, on the one hand, the amount of the external protection current of the external current anode 4 can be increasedOn the other hand, as described above, a plurality of potential measuring lines 2 with different heights can be set during simulation, and broken areas can be subdivided, so that a more accurate positioning result can be obtained.
It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description.

Claims (10)

1.一种基于虚拟电极的船舶表面破损区域定位方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:1. A method for locating damaged areas on a ship's surface based on virtual electrodes, comprising the following steps: 步骤S1、在船舶侧面布置多个监测电极(1),用于监测船舶表面的电位分布情况;同时,在船体侧面布置用于施加保护电流的外加电流阳极(4),在船舶内布置用于检测尾轴电流的电流检测装置;Step S1, arranging a plurality of monitoring electrodes (1) on the side of the ship for monitoring the potential distribution on the surface of the ship; at the same time, arranging an impressed current anode (4) on the side of the hull for applying a protective current, and arranging a current detection device inside the ship for detecting the tail shaft current; 步骤S2、利用电磁仿真工具构建船舶的孪生模型,在孪生模型上设置多个破损区域,为每个破损区域分别设置对应的破损模拟场景;然后通过模拟施加多个不同的保护电流的方式构建虚拟电极阵列,得到每个破损模拟场景的阵列流型;Step S2: Using electromagnetic simulation tools to construct a twin model of the ship, multiple damage areas are set on the twin model, and corresponding damage simulation scenarios are set for each damage area. Then, a virtual electrode array is constructed by simulating the application of multiple different protection currents to obtain the array flow pattern for each damage simulation scenario. 步骤S3、对真实的船舶按步骤S2的方式施加多个不同的保护电流,获取监测电极(1)的电位和尾轴电流,组成接收信号向量;Step S3, applying multiple different protection currents to the real ship in the manner of step S2, obtaining the potential of the monitoring electrode (1) and the tail shaft current, and forming a receiving signal vector; 步骤S4、计算接收信号向量的协方差矩阵,并对协方差矩阵进行多重信号分类操作,得到接收信号向量的噪声子空间;Step S4: Calculate the covariance matrix of the received signal vector and perform a multiple signal classification operation on the covariance matrix to obtain the noise subspace of the received signal vector; 步骤S5、利用噪声子空间和各破损模拟场景的阵列流型,获得噪声投影能量倒数谱;Step S5: using the noise subspace and the array flow pattern of each damage simulation scene to obtain the noise projection energy reciprocal spectrum; 步骤S6、对噪声投影能量倒数谱进行全局搜索,峰值所对应的破损区域就是当前破损点(3)的位置,从而得到破损区域定位结果。Step S6: Perform a global search on the noise projection energy inverse spectrum. The damaged area corresponding to the peak is the position of the current damaged point (3), thereby obtaining the damaged area positioning result. 2.如权利要求1所述的基于虚拟电极的船舶表面破损区域定位方法,其特征在于:所述监测电极(1)沿水平的电位测线(2)布置。2. The method for locating damaged areas on a ship surface based on virtual electrodes according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring electrodes (1) are arranged along a horizontal potential measuring line (2). 3.如权利要求2所述的基于虚拟电极的船舶表面破损区域定位方法,其特征在于:真实的船舶侧面只设置一组电位测线(2);3. The method for locating damaged areas on a ship surface based on virtual electrodes according to claim 2, characterized in that: only one set of potential measuring lines (2) is set on the side of the real ship; 在孪生模型中,船舶侧面设有一组与真实的船舶布置完全相同的电位测线(2)及监测电极(1),或者设有两组以上高度不同但监测电极(1)的水平布局均与真实的船舶相一致的电位测线(2);In the twin model, a set of potential measuring lines (2) and monitoring electrodes (1) are arranged on the side of the ship in the same manner as in the real ship, or two or more sets of potential measuring lines (2) are arranged at different heights but the horizontal layout of the monitoring electrodes (1) is consistent with that of the real ship; 当孪生模型中设置两组以上的电位测线(2)时,真实的船舶上的电位测线(2)位于孪生模型中最高和最低的电位测线(2)之间,且破损区域均位于最高和最低的电位测线(2)之间。When more than two sets of potential measurement lines (2) are set in the twin model, the potential measurement lines (2) on the real ship are located between the highest and lowest potential measurement lines (2) in the twin model, and the damaged areas are all located between the highest and lowest potential measurement lines (2). 4.如权利要求3所述的基于虚拟电极的船舶表面破损区域定位方法,其特征在于,步骤S2的具体过程为:4. The method for locating damaged areas on a ship surface based on virtual electrodes according to claim 3, wherein the specific process of step S2 is as follows: 步骤S2-1、在电磁仿真工具中构建所监测船舶的孪生模型,根据定位精度要求在船舶侧面设定R个破损区域;设孪生模型侧面设置有Z条电位测线(2),则将破损区域与电位测线(2)交叉组合、构建RZ个破损模拟场景,各破损模拟场景中,只有与该场景对应的破损区域设置有破损点(3);Step S2-1: Construct a twin model of the monitored ship in the electromagnetic simulation tool, set R damaged areas on the side of the ship according to the positioning accuracy requirements; suppose that Z potential measurement lines (2) are set on the side of the twin model, then cross-combine the damaged area with the potential measurement line (2) to construct R Z damage simulation scenarios, in which only the damage area corresponding to the scenario is set with a damage point (3); 步骤S2-2、设定电流施加方案,其中包括个不同的保护电流:Step S2-2: Setting the current application scheme, including Different protection currents: ; 步骤S2-3、对于各破损模拟场景,在电磁仿真工具中按电流施加方案依次施加保护电流,每次施加时,将该破损模拟场景对应的电位测线(2)上的监测电极(1)的电位和尾轴电流组成一个导向矢量,然后将所有导向矢量组成为该破损模拟场景所对应的阵列流型。Step S2-3: For each damage simulation scenario, the protection current is applied in sequence according to the current application scheme in the electromagnetic simulation tool. Each time the protection current is applied, the potential of the monitoring electrode (1) on the potential measurement line (2) corresponding to the damage simulation scenario and the tail axis current are combined into a steering vector, and then all the steering vectors are combined into an array flow pattern corresponding to the damage simulation scenario. 5.如权利要求4所述的基于虚拟电极的船舶表面破损区域定位方法,其特征在于:步骤S2-3中,设当前是第个破损模拟场景,施加的是第个保护电流,船舶侧面的监测电极(1)数量为,将第个监测电极(1)的电位记为,尾轴电流记为,则对应的导向矢量为,上角标表示转置运算,该破损模拟场景对应的阵列流型为行的列向量。5. The method for locating damaged areas on a ship surface based on virtual electrodes according to claim 4, wherein: in step S2-3, it is assumed that the current position is A damage simulation scenario was applied. Protection current , the number of monitoring electrodes (1) on the side of the ship is , will The potential of the monitoring electrode (1) is recorded as , the tail shaft current is recorded as , then the corresponding steering vector is , , superscript Represents the transposition operation. The array flow pattern corresponding to the damage simulation scenario is , for Column vector of rows. 6.如权利要求1所述的基于虚拟电极的船舶表面破损区域定位方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,设当前所施加的是第个保护电流,船舶侧面的监测电极(1)数量为,将第个监测电极(1)的电位记为,尾轴电流记为,则对应的接收信号矢量为,上角标表示转置运算,接收信号向量为行的列向量。6. The method for locating damaged areas on a ship surface based on virtual electrodes according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the current applied Protection current , the number of monitoring electrodes (1) on the side of the ship is , will The potential of the monitoring electrode (1) is recorded as , the tail shaft current is recorded as , then the corresponding received signal vector is , , superscript Represents the transpose operation, and the received signal vector is , for Column vector of rows. 7.如权利要求1所述的基于虚拟电极的船舶表面破损区域定位方法,其特征在于,步骤S4的具体过程为:7. The method for locating damaged areas on a ship surface based on virtual electrodes according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of step S4 is as follows: 步骤S4-1、计算接收信号向量的协方差矩阵;其中,为转置运算,表示期望值;Step S4-1: Calculate the received signal vector The covariance matrix of ;in, is the transpose operation, Indicates expected value; 步骤S4-2、对协方差矩阵进行特征值分解,得到个特征值,为船舶侧面的监测电极(1)数量,为保护电流的数量;将特征值降序排列,取前个特征值对应的特征向量构成信号子空间,将剩余的个特征值对应的特征向量构成噪声子空间;其中为第个特征值对应的特征向量,为行的列向量;为预设值。Step S4-2: covariance matrix Perform eigenvalue decomposition and get eigenvalues, , is the number of monitoring electrodes (1) on the side of the ship, is the number of protection currents; sort the eigenvalues in descending order and take the first The eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues constitute the signal subspace , the remaining The eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues constitute the noise subspace ;in For the The eigenvalues corresponding to the eigenvectors are Column vector of rows; is the default value. 8.如权利要求1所述的基于虚拟电极的船舶表面破损区域定位方法,其特征在于,步骤S5的具体过程为:8. The method for locating damaged areas on a ship surface based on virtual electrodes according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of step S5 is as follows: 步骤S5-1、计算噪声子空间的噪声投影矩阵Step S5-1: Calculate the noise subspace The noise projection matrix ; 步骤S5-2、计算噪声投影矩阵和每一个阵列流型的投影能量;Step S5-2: Calculate the noise projection matrix and the projected energy of each array flow pattern; 步骤S5-3、将所有投影能量的倒数按所对应的破损区域的位置进行排列,组成噪声投影能量倒数谱,其中第个破损模拟场景对应的噪声投影能量倒数为基于噪声投影矩阵和第个破损模拟场景对应的阵列流型计算得到的投影能量。Step S5-3: Arrange the inverses of all projection energies according to the positions of the corresponding damaged areas to form a noise projection energy inverse spectrum, where The inverse of the noise projection energy corresponding to the damaged simulation scene , is the noise-based projection matrix Hedi The projection energy is calculated from the array flow pattern corresponding to the damage simulation scene. 9.如权利要求8所述的基于虚拟电极的船舶表面破损区域定位方法,其特征在于:步骤S5-2中,对于第个破损模拟场景的阵列流型,投影能量9. The method for locating damaged areas on a ship surface based on virtual electrodes according to claim 8, wherein: in step S5-2, Array flow pattern of a damage simulation scenario , projection energy . 10.如权利要求1所述的基于虚拟电极的船舶表面破损区域定位方法,其特征在于:得到破损区域定位结果后,计算腐蚀电流,使用腐蚀电流衡量破损点(3)的破损程度。10. The method for locating damaged areas on a ship surface based on virtual electrodes according to claim 1, wherein after obtaining the damaged area location result, the corrosion current is calculated. , using corrosion current Measure the degree of damage at the damage point (3).
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