CN120330814A - A rare earth electrolytic cell based on electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic tanks and discloses a rare earth electrolytic tank based on an electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure, which comprises an electrode system, wherein the electrode system is symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of a tank body, the electrode system comprises a fixed plate arranged on the inner wall of the tank body, one end of the fixed plate is fixedly connected with a fixed support, the outer wall of the fixed support is provided with an electrode group, the electrode group comprises arc-shaped electrodes which are arranged in a separated mode, and the arc-shaped electrodes are separated from each other at equal intervals in an electrolysis starting stage and a metal discharging stage. The invention is provided with the electrode group, the electrode group structure is changed from the traditional single fixed mode to a plurality of arc structures, when the arc electrodes are in a closed circular shape, the generated electric field is more uniform, so that ions in molten salt are promoted to uniformly move, the local concentration difference is reduced, the risk of dendrite formation is reduced, the uniformity and purity of rare earth metal deposition are improved, the arc electrodes are in an unfolded state and are equidistantly dispersed, the current is distributed in a larger area, and the starting time is shortened.

Description

Rare earth electrolytic tank based on electromagnetic field optimization guide structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic tanks, in particular to a rare earth electrolytic tank based on an electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure.

Background

Along with the continuous progress of science and technology, the rare earth electrolytic tank is continuously broken through in the aspects of energy conservation, consumption reduction, production efficiency improvement, product quality improvement and the like, and the electromagnetic field guiding structure of the rare earth electrolytic tank mainly means that the electromagnetic field in the electrolytic tank is distributed according to a certain direction and rule through a specific device and design so as to meet the requirements of the rare earth electrolytic process.

The electrode structure widely applied in the prior art is single and fixed, the electric field and the flow field generated by the single electrode structure are relatively single, and the molten salt in the electrolytic tank is difficult to effectively stir and mix, so that uneven ion concentration distribution in the molten salt is easily caused, and the quality and the purity of an electrolytic product are further influenced. In addition, because the current distribution is uneven, the current density difference of different areas on the surface of the electrode structure is larger, so that partial areas react excessively, and other areas react insufficiently, which not only reduces the electrolysis efficiency, but also can cause serious local loss of the electrode structure and shortens the service life of the electrode structure, and meanwhile, when the single electrode structure faces larger current load, the overheating phenomenon is easy to occur, which not only accelerates the aging of the electrode structure material, but also can cause potential safety hazard.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a rare earth electrolytic tank based on an electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure, which can effectively solve the problems that the electrode system in the prior art is simple in structure and difficult to load rare earth electrolysis.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

The invention provides a rare earth electrolytic cell based on an electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure, which comprises:

A tank body;

The electrode system is symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the tank body and comprises a fixed plate arranged on the inner wall of the tank body, one end of the fixed plate is fixedly connected with a fixed support, the outer wall of the fixed support is provided with an electrode group, the electrode group comprises arc electrodes which are arranged in a separated mode, the arc electrodes are separated from each other at equal intervals in an electrolysis starting stage and a metal discharging stage, and the arc electrodes are adhered to each other to form a closed circle when the electrolysis enters a steady state stage;

Wherein, the fixed bolster inner wall is provided with the connecting plate that carries out the location to the arc electrode.

Further, the movable groove has been seted up on the fixed bolster top, movable groove inner wall swing joint has the connecting rod, connecting rod top one side is connected with the connecting plate bottom, connecting plate top symmetry is provided with the spacing groove, spacing groove side swing joint has the reinforcing block.

Further, a positioning block is fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom end of the arc-shaped electrode, and an arc-shaped block clamped with the limiting groove is arranged at the bottom end of the positioning block.

Further, the bottom end of the electrode group is symmetrically provided with a protective layer by taking the positioning block as a center, a channel is arranged in the middle of the protective layer, and the inner wall of the channel is in sliding connection with the side edge of the connecting rod.

Further, the other end of the fixed plate is provided with a track, the middle part of the track is communicated with the middle part of the fixed support, and the middle part of the fixed support is provided with a controller for driving the connecting rod to move.

Further, one side of the reinforcement block, which is close to the limiting groove, is provided with a limiting strip, and the limiting strip is tightly attached to the outer wall of the arc-shaped block.

Further, the movable groove adopts a dovetail-shaped design.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention is provided with electrode groups, the electrode group structure is changed from a traditional single fixed mode to a plurality of arc-shaped structures, and the unique advantages are shown. A plurality of arc electrodes can flexibly enclose into a closed circular electrode group, the structure can obviously optimize the electric field and flow field distribution, when the arc electrodes are in a closed circular shape, the generated electric field is more uniform, ions in molten salt are promoted to uniformly move, local concentration difference is reduced, dendrite formation risk is reduced, and the uniformity and purity of rare earth metal deposition are improved.

After the arc electrodes are unfolded, converging-diverging channels are formed between adjacent arc electrodes, the arc electrodes are driven by the Lorentz force of electromagnetic force and pressure gradient, the molten salt flows from the periphery of the tank body to the center, the molten salt is accelerated through the gaps of the arc electrodes, when entering the converging-diverging sections, the sectional area is reduced, the flow speed is increased, the kinetic energy is increased, static pressure is reduced due to Bernoulli effect, a local low-pressure area is formed, surrounding molten salt is attracted to be supplemented, the flow speed reaches a peak value at the narrowest part of the channels, the molten salt enters a turbulent state, ion clusters in the molten salt are broken by high shearing force, ion diffusion is promoted, the flow speed is reduced after the molten salt enters the diverging sections, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the high-speed jet collides with surrounding low-speed molten salt, so that vortex ring structure vorticity is formed, and global mixing is enhanced.

In the metal discharging stage, the arc-shaped electrodes are dispersed, so that the metal deposited on the arc-shaped electrodes can be better exposed, an operator can conveniently skim and collect the metal, compared with a closed state, the dispersed arc-shaped electrodes can enable the metal to fall off from the surface of the arc-shaped electrodes more easily under the action of gravity and fall into a collecting container, the metal collecting efficiency and integrity are improved, the metal residue is reduced, and the metal recovery rate is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an overall structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the front and back surfaces of an arc electrode system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an arc electrode in a telescoping state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the connection of the railing structures according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an arc electrode structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing bracket according to an embodiment of the invention.

The reference numerals in the figure respectively represent 1, a groove body, 2, an electrode system, 21, a fixed plate, 22, a track, 23, a fixed bracket, 231, a movable groove, 232, a connecting rod, 233, a connecting plate, 235, a reinforcing block, 236, a limiting groove, 237, a controller, 24, an electrode group, 241, an arc electrode, 242, a protective layer, 243, a groove channel and 245 and a positioning block.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The invention is further described below with reference to examples.

Examples:

referring to fig. 1-7, the invention provides a rare earth electrolytic cell technical scheme based on an electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure:

Referring to fig. 1,2 and 3, the device comprises a tank body 1 for containing molten salt, an electrode system 2 is arranged on the inner wall of the tank body 1, the electrode system 2 comprises a fixed plate 21 arranged on the inner wall of the tank body 1, a track 22 is arranged at one end, close to the inner wall of the tank body 1, of the fixed plate 21, the middle part of the track 22 is communicated with the middle part of a fixed support 23, and an electrode group 24 is arranged on the outer wall of the fixed support 23.

In the rare earth electrolysis field, the single closed circular electrode group 24 in the prior art has obvious limitations, the structural characteristics of the single closed circular electrode group lead to difficult uniform current distribution and obvious edge effect, the difference of the current density on the surface of the arc electrode 241 is large, the electrolysis efficiency is reduced, the consistency and stability of the product quality are also influenced, the contact area of the arc electrode 241 and electrolyte is fixed by a panel with a fixed shape, the substance transmission is limited, the utilization rate of active sites is insufficient, the waste of materials of the arc electrode 241 is aggravated, when the arc electrode 241 is worn or has reduced performance, the integral replacement is required due to the inseparability of the integral structure, the operation is complex, the time and labor are consumed, the maintenance cost and the downtime are increased, in addition, the single closed circular electrode group 24 is difficult to realize the adaptive change through the structural adjustment, the optimization and the innovation of the electrolysis process are greatly limited, and the high-efficiency, stable and flexible production requirements of the modern rare earth electrolysis are difficult to meet, and the design of the electrode group 24 is adopted.

Referring to fig. 4 and 6, the electrode set 24 includes arc electrodes 241 separately disposed, the arc electrodes 241 are equidistantly separated from each other during an electrolysis start-up phase and a metal discharge phase, the arc electrodes 241 are mutually adhered to each other to form a closed circle during an electrolysis steady-state phase, a positioning block 245 is fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom end of the arc electrodes 241, an arc block engaged with the limiting groove 236 is disposed at the bottom end of the positioning block 245, a protection layer 242 is symmetrically disposed at the bottom end of the electrode set 24 with the positioning block 245 as a center, a groove 243 is provided in the middle of the protection layer 242, and the inner wall of the groove 243 is slidably connected with the side edge of the connecting rod 232.

The electrode group 24 formed by the arc electrodes 241 is arranged into a frame with a larger area through reasonable arrangement, so that the contact area between the arc electrodes 241 and electrolyte is increased, the electrolyte can be more fully contacted with the arc electrodes 241, more rare earth ions react on the surfaces of the arc electrodes 241, and the electrolysis efficiency is improved.

The plurality of separated arc electrodes 241 makes the current density in the tank body 1 more uniform. In contrast, the closed circular electrode group 24 may have an edge effect, which results in uneven current distribution, and the closed circular electrode group 24 formed by the plurality of arc electrodes 241 can effectively reduce the situation, so that the electrolytic reaction is more uniformly performed on the surface of the closed circular electrode group 24, thereby improving the current efficiency and reducing the energy consumption.

In different areas of the tank body 1, due to the possible difference of factors such as components, temperature and the like of electrolyte, the electrolysis process is more stable and controllable by independently controlling parameters such as current, voltage and the like of the arc electrodes 241 in the corresponding areas, thereby being beneficial to improving the consistency of the product quality, and the working state of each arc electrode 241 is independently detected, so that the fault arc electrode 241 is rapidly determined and replaced or repaired, the whole electrode group 24 is not required to be treated once a problem occurs like the single circular plate electrode group 24, thereby shortening the maintenance time and improving the utilization rate of equipment.

The electrode group 24 formed by the plurality of arc electrodes 241 can be flexibly designed according to the shape and the size of the tank body 1, and the arc electrodes 241 with different sizes and shapes can be used at different positions according to actual current distribution and reaction requirements, so that the possible material waste phenomenon of the closed circular electrode group 24 is avoided, and the material cost of the arc electrodes 241 is reduced.

Because the current distribution is more uniform, the current load experienced by each arcuate electrode 241 is relatively small, which helps to reduce wear and corrosion of the arcuate electrode 241, extending the useful life of the arcuate electrode 241, which means that the frequency of replacement of the arcuate electrode 241 is reduced, thereby reducing downtime and associated costs associated with replacement of the arcuate electrode 241, including labor costs, material costs, losses due to production breaks, and the like.

Because the smaller arc electrode 241 is less likely to be contaminated during processing, transportation and installation, it is less likely to introduce impurities than the large closed circular electrode set 24, thereby helping to improve the purity of the rare earth metal and product quality.

Referring to fig. 5 and 7, a connection plate 233 for positioning the arc electrode 241 is provided on the inner wall of the fixed support 23, a movable slot 231 is provided on the top end of the fixed support 23, the movable slot 231 is designed in a dovetail shape, and a connection rod 232 is movably connected to the inner wall of the movable slot 231.

In the rare earth electrolysis process, the starting, steady state, physical and chemical states of metal and process targets of different stages have significant differences, so the magnetic field structure needs to be dynamically adjusted to adapt to the requirements of each stage.

In the electrolysis starting stage, a plurality of arc electrodes 241 can be rapidly dispersed and equidistant from each other, the arrangement mode enables current to be distributed in a larger area, molten salt is rapidly and uniformly stirred, temperature rising and ion activation of the molten salt are accelerated, the molten salt needs to be heated from a solid state to a molten state, starting time is shortened, a polarization layer is formed on the surface of each arc electrode 241, initial current density is low, viscosity of the molten salt is high, fluidity is poor, temperature stratification is easy to occur, heat transfer is accelerated through electromagnetic stirring, starting time is shortened, temperature uniformity of the molten salt is improved, and initial current efficiency is improved.

When the electrolytic tank with the structure runs at steady state, the energy consumption is further reduced compared with the traditional electrolytic tank, molten salt is completely melted in the process, the electrolytic reaction rate is stable, the arc electrode 241 continuously deposits metal, anode gas is stably released, moderate stirring is maintained, metal inclusion caused by excessive turbulence is avoided, the current density is improved, the edge effect is inhibited, the growth of dendrites is prevented, the compactness of a deposition layer of the arc electrode 241 is ensured, the porosity is reduced, the dendrite formation is inhibited, and the compactness of a metal layer is improved.

In the metal discharge stage, the arc electrodes 241 are unfolded again to be separated quickly and distributed at equal intervals, the current of different arc electrodes 241 can be adjusted, the electromagnetic force can be controlled accurately, the metal can be caused to flow out smoothly, meanwhile, the interference to other areas in the electrolytic tank is reduced, the stable state of residual molten salt and the arc electrodes 241 is ensured, in the process, the arc electrodes 241 deposit metal to reach a certain thickness, at the moment, the liquid level of a melt is reduced, metal liquid drops gather, the combination of dispersed metal liquid drops is promoted, the mechanical extraction is facilitated, the liquid level of the melt is stable, and the metal oxidation caused by severe fluctuation of the liquid level is prevented.

In the design of the invention, a single fixed electrode group 24 is changed into a plurality of arc electrode 241 modules, and the arc electrode 241 is in two states, the arc electrode 241 is enclosed into a circle in a closed state to form a uniform electric field, and the arc electrode 241 is rapidly separated into equidistant distribution in an expanded state to enhance molten salt stirring. The plurality of arc electrodes 241 can flexibly enclose a closed circular electrode group 24, and the structure can remarkably optimize the electric field and flow field distribution. When the arc electrode 241 is in a closed circular shape, the generated electric field is more uniform, so that ions in molten salt are promoted to uniformly move, the local concentration difference is reduced, the dendrite formation risk is reduced, the uniformity and purity of rare earth metal deposition are improved, the edge effect can be effectively reduced by closing the circular electrode group 24, and the current density distribution variation coefficient is reduced.

The gap between the arc electrodes 241 in the unfolded state forms a jet flow channel, so that the flow speed of molten salt is improved, and besides the generation of dendrites is inhibited, the dendrites can be mechanically sheared by periodical unfolding and closing actions, the nucleation probability is reduced;

After the electrode group 24 is unfolded, a gradually-expanding channel is formed between adjacent arc electrodes 241, the channel is similar to a nozzle structure, molten salt is driven by the lorentz force of electromagnetic force and pressure gradient, flows from the periphery of the tank body 1 to the center, is accelerated through gaps of the arc electrodes 241, when the molten salt enters a gradually-expanding section, the sectional area is reduced, the flow speed is increased, the kinetic energy is increased, static pressure is reduced due to Bernoulli effect, a local low-pressure area is formed, surrounding molten salt is attracted to be supplemented, the flow speed reaches a peak value at the narrowest part of the channel, the turbulent state is entered, ion clusters in the molten salt are broken by high shearing force, ion diffusion is promoted, the flow speed is reduced after the molten salt enters the gradually-expanding section, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and high-speed jet collides with surrounding low-speed molten salt, so that vortex ring structure vortex quantity is formed, and global mixing is enhanced;

the jet stirring reduces the standard deviation of concentration distribution in molten salt, reduces the thickness of a diffusion layer on the surface of a cathode, improves the mass transfer rate of ions, directly peels off the shearing stress of a jet core area, reduces the density of dendrites observed by a micro-level dendrite experiment, reduces the thickness fluctuation of a metal deposition layer by turbulence disturbance, generates additional electromagnetic force if a horizontal magnetic field is overlapped, and drives the rotation angular velocity of the molten salt, the jet kinetic energy cooperates with the electromagnetic stirring, and the total energy is reduced compared with a jet channel formed by a single electromagnetic stirring expansion state arc electrode 241 gap, and systematically optimizes the molten salt flow, ion mass transfer and metal deposition processes through a chained mechanism of fluid acceleration-turbulence mixing-shearing peeling.

The dispersing and closing triggering conditions are as follows, the temperature is higher than 700 ℃ and the current is stable in the starting stage, the arc electrode 241 is closed in the metal discharging stage, when the metal thickness is higher than the set thickness, the arc electrode 241 is dispersed in the metal discharging stage, the arc electrode 241 is dispersed to enable metal deposited on the arc electrode 241 to be better exposed in the metal discharging stage, so that an operator can conveniently skim and collect materials, compared with the closed state, the dispersed arc electrode 241 can enable the metal to fall off from the surface of the arc electrode 241 more easily under the action of gravity and fall into a collecting container, the metal collecting efficiency and integrity are improved, the metal residue is reduced, and the metal recovery rate is improved.

The arc electrode 241 is changed from closed to dispersed, which changes the space structure in the electrolytic tank and makes the flow of electrolyte smoother. In the electrolysis process, the electrolyte needs to be continuously circulated to ensure uniform components and stable temperature and to timely supplement consumed ions. The dispersed arc electrodes 241 help to enhance convection of electrolyte, make mass transfer and energy transfer in the electrolytic cell more efficient, help to maintain stability of the electrolytic process, and improve electrolytic efficiency and product quality.

After the arc electrode 241 is dispersed, the current distribution is more uniform, and the heat can be more uniformly dispersed into the whole electrolytic tank, so that the risk of local overheating is reduced. This not only helps to prolong the life of the parts such as the inner liner of the electrolytic cell, the arc electrode 241, etc., but also reduces the possibility of safety accidents caused by overheating and improves the safety of the production process.

The dispersed arc electrodes 241 make the inside of the electrolytic cell more visible, and operators can more conveniently observe the conditions of the surfaces of the arc electrodes 241, such as metal deposition, whether the arc electrodes 241 are damaged, etc. Meanwhile, the method is also convenient for checking, cleaning and maintaining the inside of the electrolytic cell, and timely discovers and processes possible problems, ensures the normal operation of the electrolytic cell, reduces the downtime and improves the production efficiency.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, one side of the top end of the connecting rod 232 is connected with the bottom end of the connecting plate 233, the top end of the connecting plate 233 is symmetrically provided with a limit groove 236, the side edge of the limit groove 236 is movably connected with a reinforcing block 235, the middle part of the fixing support 23 is provided with a controller 237 for driving the connecting rod 232 to move, one side of the reinforcing block 235, which is close to the limit groove 236, is provided with a limit strip, the limit strip is tightly attached to the outer wall of the arc-shaped block, and the connection state of the limit strip and the arc-shaped block is changed through the movable reinforcing block 235, so that the quick disassembly and the quick assembly can be realized.

During electrolysis, the electrode assembly 24 is subject to corrosion, wear, etc. due to prolonged exposure to the electrolyte, and requires periodic maintenance or replacement. Quick disassembly is realized through the movable reinforcing block 235, and a maintainer can quickly take out the arc-shaped electrode 241 from the tank body 1 without spending a large amount of time to disassemble a complex fixing device, so that the maintenance time is greatly shortened, and the influence of equipment shutdown on production is reduced.

Quick disassembly helps to reduce maintenance costs. On the one hand, the working time and labor intensity of maintenance personnel are reduced, and the labor cost is reduced, and on the other hand, the arc electrode 241 can be maintained or replaced in time, so that other parts are prevented from being damaged due to the damage of the arc electrode 241, and the additional maintenance cost is reduced.

When the arc electrode 241 has a problem, the new arc electrode 241 is quickly detached and replaced, so that the tank body 1 can quickly recover to normal operation, and the continuity of production is ensured. Compared with the traditional fixed arc electrode 241, the method does not need to wait for the disassembly and installation process for a long time, and effectively improves the production efficiency.

The movable reinforcing block 235 is convenient for regularly maintaining the arc electrode 241, can regularly dismantle the arc electrode 241 for inspection, cleaning and maintenance according to production conditions and equipment operation conditions, and timely discovers potential problems and processes the potential problems, so that the arc electrode 241 is ensured to be always in a good working state, the stability and the efficiency of the electrolysis process are improved, and the production efficiency is indirectly improved.

In the rare earth electrolysis production, the production capacity, the product specification and the like of the tank body 1 may be adjusted according to the market demand or the requirement of process improvement. The arc electrode 241 can be conveniently replaced by the movable reinforcing block 235 to adapt to different production requirements, and the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment are enhanced.

With the continuous development of technology, the electrolysis equipment may need to be upgraded and modified. The movable reinforcing block 235 enables the disassembly of the arc electrode 241 to be more convenient, is favorable for carrying out optimal design on the arc electrode 241 or replacing the arc electrode 241 with more advanced arc electrode 241 materials and structures when equipment is upgraded, thereby improving the performance and the competitiveness of the equipment and providing support for the sustainable development of enterprises.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments may be modified or equivalents may be substituted for some of the features thereof, and that the modification or substitution does not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a rare earth electrolysis trough based on electromagnetic field optimizes guide structure which characterized in that includes:

a tank body (1);

The electrode system (2) is symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the tank body (1), the electrode system (2) comprises a fixed plate (21) arranged on the inner wall of the tank body (1), one end of the fixed plate (21) is fixedly connected with a fixed support (23), the outer wall of the fixed support (23) is provided with an electrode group (24), the electrode group (24) comprises arc electrodes (241) which are arranged in a separated mode, the arc electrodes (241) are separated from each other at equal intervals in an electrolysis starting stage and a metal discharging stage, and the arc electrodes (241) are adhered to each other to form a closed circle when the electrolysis enters a steady state stage;

Wherein, the inner wall of the fixed bracket (23) is provided with a connecting plate (233) for positioning the arc electrode (241).

2. The rare earth electrolytic cell based on the electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure of claim 1, wherein the top end of the fixed support (23) is provided with a movable groove (231), the inner wall of the movable groove (231) is movably connected with a connecting rod (232), one side of the top end of the connecting rod (232) is connected with the bottom end of the connecting plate (233), the top end of the connecting plate (233) is symmetrically provided with limiting grooves (236), and the side edges of the limiting grooves (236) are movably connected with reinforcing blocks (235).

3. The rare earth electrolytic cell based on the electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure of claim 2, wherein a positioning block (245) is fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom end of the arc-shaped electrode (241), and an arc-shaped block clamped with the limiting groove (236) is arranged at the bottom end of the positioning block (245).

4. The rare earth electrolytic cell based on the optimized guiding structure of electromagnetic field as set forth in claim 3, wherein the bottom end of the electrode group (24) is symmetrically provided with a protective layer (242) with a positioning block (245) as a center, a channel (243) is arranged in the middle of the protective layer (242), and the inner wall of the channel (243) is in sliding connection with the side edge of the connecting rod (232).

5. The rare earth electrolytic cell based on the electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure as set forth in claim 4, wherein a track (22) is arranged at the other end of the fixed plate (21), the middle part of the track (22) is communicated with the middle part of a fixed support (23), and a controller (237) for driving a connecting rod (232) to move is arranged in the middle part of the fixed support (23).

6. The rare earth electrolytic cell based on the electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure as set forth in claim 3, wherein a limit strip is arranged on one side of the reinforcing block (235) close to the limit groove (236), and the limit strip is tightly attached to the outer wall of the arc-shaped block.

7. A rare earth electrolytic cell based on an optimized guiding structure of electromagnetic field as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said movable slot (231) is of dovetail design.